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When a Civil Society Initiative Becomes a Tool to Justify the Government: Openness Versus Utility Achieved by OpenTED 当公民社会倡议成为证明政府正当性的工具:开放性与OpenTED实现的效用
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijegr.2019070106
Palina Prysmakova
The question of utility of open data and related civil society initiatives depends on whom we consider a beneficiary in each particular case. The article provides a recent example of a civil society initiative that addressed the openness of procurement practices across the nations of European Union and its neighboring partners. Analyzing the project against Open Government Working Group's principles of open data, the article demonstrates that it indeed improved some levels of procurement data openness. Meanwhile, despite some utility of the project for the European Commission, the analysis suggests rather low utility for the public at large. The article suggests that, (1) utility has multiple levels, and some data in an open source is better than none; (2) data has to be understandable to have any utility for final consumers; and otherwise, the only utility achieved is the legitimization of the current governmental practices instead of their improvement
开放数据和相关民间社会倡议的效用问题取决于我们在每个特定情况下认为谁是受益者。这篇文章提供了最近一个公民社会倡议的例子,该倡议解决了欧盟及其邻国伙伴国家采购实践的开放性问题。本文根据开放政府工作组的开放数据原则对该项目进行分析,表明该项目确实在一定程度上提高了采购数据的开放性。与此同时,尽管该项目对欧盟委员会(European Commission)有一定的效用,但分析表明,对整个公众的效用相当低。文章认为:(1)效用有多个层次,有数据总比没有数据好;(2)数据必须是可理解的,才能对最终用户有任何效用;否则,获得的唯一效用是使当前的政府做法合法化,而不是对其进行改进
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引用次数: 0
The Evolution From Ubiquitous to Smart Cities: A Case of Korea 从泛在城市到智慧城市的演变——以韩国为例
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijegr.2019070104
T. Nam
This study, using the smart city case of Korea (the evolution from ubiquitous to smart cities) in the recent decade, suggests conditions of successful governance for smart cities. U-City as a preceding version of smart cities in Korea failed to reflect not only ideas and opinions but also wants, needs, and desires of citizens because its vision did not emerge from citizens. Rather, the nation-driven top-down initiative sought to make technology-driven changes in city services, as the term “ubiquitous” hints. However, smart cities do not lie only in the dimension of technology. To make a city smart, city governments should focus on selected problems facing constraints of budget and resources, seeking for a small and open government. Citizens are required to play multiple roles: e.g., a co-producer of city services, a watchdog of city policies and administration, and a champion of city brands.
本研究以近十年来韩国的智慧城市案例(从无处不在的城市到智慧城市的演变)为例,提出了成功治理智慧城市的条件。作为韩国智慧城市的前身,U-City不仅没有反映市民的想法和意见,而且也没有反映市民的愿望、需求和愿望。相反,正如“无处不在”一词所暗示的那样,国家驱动的自上而下的倡议寻求在城市服务中进行技术驱动的变革。然而,智慧城市并不仅仅在于技术层面。城市政府要建设智慧城市,就必须选择预算和资源约束下的问题,寻求一个小而开放的政府。市民被要求扮演多重角色:例如,城市服务的共同生产者,城市政策和行政的监督者,城市品牌的捍卫者。
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引用次数: 4
E-Totem, Digital Locative Media to Support E-Participation in Cities 电子图腾,支持城市电子参与的数字定位媒体
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijegr.2019070101
Vasco Furtado, Lanna Lima, D. A. Chagas, V. Pinheiro, Carlos Caminha, E. Furtado, M. Mafra
The relationship between governments and their citizens has changed with the rise of ICTs. Even if these changes can strengthen the active role of society in the control and participation of public administration, there is a risk that this process can increase exclusion especially in developing countries, mainly because a large part of the population does not have access at all times to the facilities and services provided by ICTs. This article describes e-Totem, a software and hardware platform produced to support inclusive e-participation in large cities. It is also described three popular participation initiatives implemented using the platform, from which hundreds of thousands of citizen interactions were obtained from the platform. e-Totem is customized to be inclusive and suitable for use in such a wide variety of scenarios as well as being used by such a significant volume of people.
随着信息通信技术的兴起,政府与公民之间的关系发生了变化。即使这些变化可以加强社会在控制和参与公共行政方面的积极作用,这一过程也有可能增加排斥现象,特别是在发展中国家,主要是因为很大一部分人口无法随时获得信息通信技术提供的设施和服务。本文介绍了e-Totem,一个用于支持大城市包容性电子参与的软硬件平台。本文还描述了使用该平台实施的三个受欢迎的参与倡议,从中获得了数十万公民的互动。e-Totem是定制的,具有包容性,适合在如此广泛的场景中使用,并被如此大量的人使用。
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引用次数: 1
The Politics of Public Debt Management Among Rising Hegemonies and the Role of ICT: Implications for Theory and Practice for 21st Century Polities 崛起霸权国家中的公共债务管理政治与信息通信技术的作用:对21世纪政治理论与实践的启示
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijegr.2019070105
Christian U. Amu, N. C. Nwezeaku, L. E. Akujuobi, Benedict Anayo Ozurunba, S. Njie, I. Wogu, S. Misra
While scholars like Wogu and Misra unanimously affirmed the beneficial roles of adopting AI powered ICT systems in various sectors of government and endeavours, most countries in OECD and the Commonwealth - for reasons described as ‘a political reckless attitude' - have shied away from fully adopting and implementing intelligent debt management systems for their country's financial sectors, hence, the looming debt crisis hanging over them. Premised on the Public Choice theory, the study adopts Marilyn's Ex-post facto research design and Creswell's mix-method research approaches to interrogate the arguments proffered for and against the public debt management and the benefits of ICT, with a view to identifying the nexus that exists between the politics of debt management crisis and the role of ICT for 21st-century polities. The article identified a high degree of political rascality amongst political elites and a lackadaisical will towards the full implementation of intelligent debt management systems in the countries with looming debt crisis. Viable recommendations were proffered.
虽然像Wogu和Misra这样的学者一致肯定了在政府的各个部门和努力中采用人工智能驱动的ICT系统的有益作用,但经合组织和英联邦的大多数国家-出于“政治鲁莽态度”的原因-已经避免在其国家的金融部门全面采用和实施智能债务管理系统,因此,迫在眉睫的债务危机笼罩着他们。本研究以公共选择理论为前提,采用Marilyn的事后研究设计和Creswell的混合方法研究方法,对支持和反对公共债务管理和信息通信技术的好处的论点进行了质疑,以期确定债务管理危机的政治与信息通信技术在21世纪政治中的作用之间存在的联系。文章指出,政治精英中存在高度的政治流氓行为,在债务危机迫在眉睫的国家中,对全面实施智能债务管理系统的意愿缺乏。提出了可行的建议。
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引用次数: 0
Social Media Influence and Mobile Government Adoption: A Conceptual Framework and its Validation 社交媒体影响与移动政府采用:一个概念框架及其验证
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijegr.2019070103
Sunith Hebbar, Yogesh Kumar Dwivedi, Michael D. Williams, Banita Lal
The study focuses on developing a mobile government (MG) adoption framework with a key consideration on social media (SM) influence. As social media is now becoming a prominent channel for various marketing activities knowing its impact on MG adoption is crucial. Further, as MG is constantly evolving, a deeper understanding on the adoption behaviour of the citizens is quintessential for strategizing its implementation. Thus, a detailed review of the articles on citizen's perspective on MG adoption and social media, was performed. It was found that the integration of theories like DOI and URT, which are critical during the evolving stages of MG adoption is significant. The other key contribution is the consideration of social media and its impact on MG adoption. Further, the factors such as awareness, social influence, and facilitating condition were also found to be very crucial. The SM-MG adoption framework developed integrating the theories like DOI, URT along with Social media is validated using a Structural Equation Modelling and results of which are discussed in detail.
本研究的重点是开发一个移动政府(MG)采用框架,主要考虑社交媒体(SM)的影响。随着社交媒体现在成为各种营销活动的重要渠道,了解它对MG采用的影响至关重要。此外,随着MG的不断发展,更深入地了解公民的采用行为对于制定实施战略至关重要。因此,对公民对MG采用和社交媒体的看法的文章进行了详细的审查。研究发现,DOI和URT等理论的整合在MG采用的发展阶段是至关重要的。另一个关键贡献是考虑了社交媒体及其对MG采用的影响。此外,意识、社会影响和便利条件等因素也非常重要。SM-MG采用框架整合了DOI、URT和社交媒体等理论,使用结构方程模型进行验证,并详细讨论了其结果。
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引用次数: 3
Accessibility Compliance for E-Government Websites: Laws, Standards, and Evaluation Technology 电子政务网站的可访问性遵从性:法律、标准和评估技术
Pub Date : 2019-04-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijegr.2019040101
Lourdes Moreno, Paloma Martínez
Barriers to web accessibility exist that deny the rights of people with disabilities to access content on public sector websites even though equal access is mandatory on e-government websites in most countries. In order to achieve web accessibility, specific standards and technology are essential for ensuring compliance with accessibility laws. In order to support the implementation of accessibility standards facilitating compliance with laws and methodological approaches exist which can play an important role in making e-government websites more accessible. The purpose of this article is to present the regulatory framework regarding accessibility, a survey of the technology and a proposal of good practices concerning technology which evaluates accessibility as a support resource. Recently, standards have been updated which make compliance with accessibility standards mandatory in the upcoming years. Faced with this situation, this work provides support resources to this new regulatory framework such as approaches to accessibility monitoring and evaluation technology.
尽管大多数国家的电子政务网站都强制要求残疾人平等访问,但无障碍网页的障碍仍然存在,剥夺了残疾人访问公共部门网站内容的权利。为了实现网页的可访问性,特定的标准和技术对于确保遵守可访问性法律至关重要。为了支持易读性标准的实施,在使电子政府网站的易读性更佳方面,有一些方法和方法可以促进遵守法律。本文的目的是介绍关于可访问性的监管框架,技术调查和关于评估可访问性作为支持资源的技术的良好实践建议。最近,标准已经更新,使得在未来几年中必须遵守可访问性标准。面对这种情况,这项工作为这个新的监管框架提供了支持资源,例如可访问性监测和评估技术的方法。
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引用次数: 3
Process Transformations in E-Governance: Exploring Reasons of Failure Using the PEMM Model 电子政务中的流程转换:利用PEMM模型探索失败的原因
Pub Date : 2019-04-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijegr.2019040105
Apeksha Hooda, M. Singla
The purpose of the present study is to assess the maturity level of government process reengineering and investigate the reasons for not achieving much anticipated benefits of E-Governance implementation across developing countries. The present study qualitatively analyzes the reengineering status of government processes in the current E-Governance implementation practices across India using the Process and Enterprise Maturity Model (PEMM). The structured interview was conducted with key people involved in the E-Governance implementation across India. The findings of study indicated that the E-Governance implementation in India is presently missing on the reengineering of government processes, owing to which these processes are not mature enough to deliver the higher performance post E-Governance implementation. The findings of the study suggested that to ensure the performance of government processes, the need is to focus upon the process enablers and enterprise capabilities.
本研究的目的是评估政府流程再造的成熟度水平,并调查发展中国家实施电子政务未能获得预期收益的原因。本研究使用流程和企业成熟度模型(PEMM)定性分析了印度当前电子政务实施实践中政府流程再造的现状。结构化访谈是对参与印度电子政务实施的主要人员进行的。研究结果表明,目前印度的电子政务实施缺乏对政府流程的再造,导致这些流程不够成熟,无法在电子政务实施后提供更高的绩效。研究结果表明,为了确保政府流程的绩效,需要关注流程推动因素和企业能力。
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引用次数: 1
Influence of IoT Policy on Quality of Life: From Government and Citizens' Perspectives 物联网政策对生活质量的影响:来自政府和公民的视角
Pub Date : 2019-04-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijegr.2019040102
Sheshadri Chatterjee
In this study, an attempt was taken to identify the issues concerning to regulations and governance which could substantially influence the citizens of India relating to adoption of the Internet of Things. The objective of this study is to highlight the importance of Internet of Things policymaking by the Government of India prescribing proper regulatory frameworks and good governance for effective and successful adoption of the Internet of Things by the citizens of India. An empirical approach has been taken for understanding the impact of IoT policy towards adoption of IoT enabled devices by the citizens of India. Structural equation modeling (SEM) has been used towards analysis of the data collected from three metro cities in India. The study finds out the impact of IoT policy towards adoption of the Internet of Things by the citizens in India and its importance towards improving the quality of life of the citizens of India.
在本研究中,试图确定与法规和治理有关的问题,这些问题可能会对印度公民在采用物联网方面产生重大影响。本研究的目的是强调印度政府制定物联网政策的重要性,为印度公民有效和成功地采用物联网制定适当的监管框架和良好的治理。本文采用了一种经验方法来理解物联网政策对印度公民采用物联网设备的影响。结构方程模型(SEM)已用于分析从印度三个地铁城市收集的数据。该研究发现了物联网政策对印度公民采用物联网的影响及其对提高印度公民生活质量的重要性。
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引用次数: 34
EMPATIA: A Multichannel Platform for Participatory Budgeting EMPATIA:参与式预算的多渠道平台
Pub Date : 2019-04-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijegr.2019040104
B. Sousa, Vitor Fonseca, Luís Cordeiro, Bianca Flamigni, L. Foschini, P. Simões, U. Sivarajah, V. Weerakkody
Participatory budgeting (PB) is currently one of the most widely adopted democratic innovations. ICT platforms are key enablers of PB processes, by supporting citizen engagement. They support the establishment of diverse participation channels to build candidate proposals, for the voting process, and for monitoring proposals' implementation. PB platforms differ from electronic voting systems, reflecting the intrinsic nature of PB processes. While vote secrecy and trustworthiness of voting results is still a major requirement, other factors weight in, such as the focus on the whole process and the need for engaging several citizens by providing multiple participation channels. PB processes take place at multiple scales (municipal, national) requiring flexible deployment and dimensioning approaches. EMPATIA is an ICT platform for PB, based on multiple dimensioning and deployment options that reflect the scenarios where PB tools are expected to operate. The evaluation results provide relevant inputs to the design and implementation of similar participatory and/or voting platforms.
参与式预算是目前被广泛采用的民主创新方式之一。信息通信技术平台通过支持公民参与,是PB进程的关键推动者。支持建立多元化的参与渠道,建立候选提案、参与投票、监督提案实施。PB平台不同于电子投票系统,反映了PB过程的内在本质。虽然投票保密和投票结果的可信度仍然是一个主要要求,但其他因素也很重要,比如关注整个过程,以及通过提供多种参与渠道让多个公民参与进来的必要性。PB过程发生在多个尺度上(市政、国家),需要灵活的部署和量体化方法。EMPATIA是PB的ICT平台,基于多维度和部署选项,反映了PB工具预期运行的场景。评估结果为设计和实施类似的参与和/或投票平台提供了相关的投入。
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引用次数: 10
Mobile Government Services and Resident Satisfaction: Evaluation of Kahramaa Mobile Services 移动政务服务与居民满意度:Kahramaa移动服务评价
Pub Date : 2019-04-01 DOI: 10.4018/ijegr.2019040103
Mohammed Adel Al Najjar, Assem Alabdelqader, E. Abu-Shanab
The success of any mobile service depends on the perceived efficiency and effectiveness of using the service. This research article attempts to evaluate the factors influencing the effectiveness and efficiency of the Kahramaa mobile service, where both influence users' satisfaction. From a system's features perspective, timeliness and availability were significant predictors of efficiency, accuracy, and usability were significant predictors of effectiveness. Accessibility and reliability failed to influence efficiency and effectiveness respectively. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the research model and explained 61.7% of the variance in satisfaction. The article reports valuable insights for public officials and researchers based on a system's features perspective. Conclusions and implications are reported at the end.
任何移动服务的成功都取决于使用该服务的感知效率和有效性。本研究试图评估Kahramaa移动服务的有效性和效率的影响因素,其中两者都会影响用户满意度。从系统特性的角度来看,及时性和可用性是效率的重要预测因素,准确性和可用性是有效性的重要预测因素。可及性和可靠性分别不影响效率和有效性。采用结构方程模型对研究模型进行估计,可以解释61.7%的满意度方差。本文从系统的特征角度为政府官员和研究人员提供了有价值的见解。最后报告了结论和启示。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
Int. J. Electron. Gov. Res.
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