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Evaluation of Initiation of the Interfacial Debonding in Single Fiber Composite 单纤维复合材料界面脱粘起始的评价
Souta Kimura, J. Koyanagi, H. Kawada
Fiber-matrix interfacial adhesion in composites is traditionally evaluated by means of a stress-based parameter. Recently, an interfacial energy parameter is suggested to be a valid alternative. However, the energy-based approaches overestimated the energy release rate to initiate the interfacial debonding (interfacial energy), since the plastic deformation in the vicinity of the debonding was neglected for simplicity. An effect of the plastic deformation on the interfacial energy of a fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composite is studied to evaluate the initiation of the interfacial debonding. The fragmentation tests with a model of glass fiber-reinforced vinylester matrix composite were performed, and the interfacial energy with the energy balance method taking into account an energy dissipation of the plastic deformation was calculated. The following results are confirmed; the plastic deformation has a significant influence on the interfacial energy, and the energy balance scheme taking into account the plastic energy dissipation leads to the constant interfacial energy without reference to the amount of the released potential energy. The differences between our model and the previous one are discussed.
复合材料中纤维-基体界面的粘附性传统上是通过基于应力的参数来评估的。最近,一个界面能参数被认为是一个有效的替代方法。然而,基于能量的方法高估了引发界面剥离的能量释放率(界面能),因为为了简单起见,忽略了剥离附近的塑性变形。研究了塑性变形对纤维增强聚合物基复合材料界面能的影响,以评价纤维增强聚合物基复合材料界面脱粘的发生。采用玻璃纤维增强乙烯基复合材料模型进行破碎试验,采用考虑塑性变形能量耗散的能量平衡法计算界面能。确认以下结果:塑性变形对界面能有显著影响,考虑塑性能量耗散的能量平衡方案使界面能恒定,而不考虑释放势能的大小。讨论了我们的模型与以前的模型的不同之处。
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引用次数: 17
Topology Optimal Compliant Microgripper 拓扑优化柔性微夹持器
Shyh-Chour Huang, Chi-Ming Lee, Chien-Ching Chiu, Wei-Liang Chen
This study proposes a MEMS microgripper design based on a compliant mechanism, utilizing the multi-input method to obtain greater output force and displacement. The compliant mechanism is very effective because the mechanism has flexible pieces that transmit force or deliver motion. The design domain is formed by the ground structure parameterization of the optimal topology. The goal is to obtain the optimal topology layout through computer simulation. This study combines insights from the topology optimization of the compliant mechanism and the piezoelectric microactuator to design a microgripper and to analyze outputs and displacement with different parameters under topology optimization.
本研究提出了一种基于柔性机构的MEMS微夹持器设计,利用多输入方法获得更大的输出力和位移。柔性机构是非常有效的,因为该机构具有传递力或传递运动的柔性部件。设计域由最优拓扑的地面结构参数化形成。目标是通过计算机仿真得到最优的拓扑布局。本研究结合柔性机构和压电微驱动器拓扑优化的见解,设计了微夹持器,并分析了拓扑优化下不同参数下的输出和位移。
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引用次数: 17
Mechanical properties of amorphous metal with dispersed nanocrystalline particles: Molecular dynamics study on crystal volume fraction and size effects 具有分散纳米晶颗粒的非晶金属的力学性能:晶体体积分数和尺寸效应的分子动力学研究
R. Matsumoto, M. Nakagaki
Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of tensile deformation of amorphous metals with nanocrystalline particles were performed in order to clarify the effects of particle size and crystal volume fraction on the deformation property and the strength. It was clarified that the size effects of the particle are very small, whereas the influences of the crystal volume fraction are large. Young’s modulus and the flow stress become large as the crystal volume fraction increases. Even after the yielding of the amorphous phase, the stress of the crystal phase still continues to increase. Thus, the flow stress of the composite increases after yielding, which prevents plastic localization and improves the ductility. When the crystal volume fraction is small, the stress distribution is homogeneous in the particle including near the amorphous-crystal interface. Therefore, possibility of deformation is small, and insideparticle plastic deformation is negligible. When the crystal volume fraction is high, the particle undergoes plastic deformation even with small global deformation. After the yielding of the crystal particle, the flow stress decreases because defects are introduced into the crystal. It is expected that there is an ideal crystal volume fraction that gives the maximum ductility. A Lennard-Jones potential modified to enforce the continuity at the cut-off distance was used as an interatomic potential. The potential parameters were defined based on Inoue’s three basic principles.
采用分子动力学方法模拟了纳米晶颗粒对非晶态金属拉伸变形的影响,研究了纳米晶颗粒尺寸和晶体体积分数对非晶态金属变形性能和强度的影响。结果表明,颗粒尺寸的影响很小,而晶体体积分数的影响很大。杨氏模量和流动应力随晶体体积分数的增加而增大。即使在非晶相屈服后,晶相的应力仍在继续增大。因此,复合材料屈服后流变应力增大,防止了塑性局部化,提高了延性。当晶体体积分数较小时,颗粒内包括非晶界面附近的应力分布是均匀的。因此,变形的可能性很小,颗粒内的塑性变形可以忽略不计。当晶体体积分数较高时,即使整体变形很小,颗粒也会发生塑性变形。晶体颗粒屈服后,由于在晶体中引入了缺陷,流动应力减小。期望有一个理想的晶体体积分数,使其具有最大的延展性。为了增强截止距离处的连续性,我们使用了经过修正的伦纳德-琼斯势作为原子间势。电位参数是根据井上的三个基本原则定义的。
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引用次数: 3
Investigation the Dynamic Interaction between Two Collinear Cracks in the Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Materials Subjected to the Harmonic Anti-Plane Shear Stress Waves by Using the Non-Local Theory 应用非局域理论研究了反平面剪应力波作用下功能梯度压电材料共线裂纹间的动力相互作用
Jun Liang
In this paper, the non-local theory of elasticity is applied to obtain the dynamic interaction between two collinear cracks in functionally graded piezoelectric materials under the harmonic anti-plane shear stress waves for the permeable electric boundary conditions. To make the analysis tractable, it is assumed that the material properties vary exponentially with coordinate vertical to the crack. By means of the Fourier transform, the problem can be solved with the help of a pair of triple integral equations that the unknown variable is the jump of the displacement across the crack surfaces. These equations are solved by use of the Schmidt method. Unlike the classical elasticity solutions, it is found that no stress and electric displacement singularities are present at the crack tips. The non-local elastic solutions yield a finite stress at the crack tips, thus allows us to use the maximum stress as a fracture criterion. The finite stresses at the crack tips depend on the crack length, the distance between two cracks, the functionally graded parameter, the circular frequency of the incident waves and the lattice parameter of the materials, respectively.
本文应用非局部弹性理论,得到了功能梯度压电材料在反平面剪应力波谐波作用下的共线裂纹间的动态相互作用。为了便于分析,假设材料性能随垂直于裂纹的坐标呈指数变化。利用傅里叶变换,用以裂纹表面位移跳变为未知变量的一对三重积分方程来求解该问题。用施米特方法求解了这些方程。与经典的弹性解不同,在裂纹尖端不存在应力和电位移奇点。非局部弹性解在裂纹尖端处产生有限应力,因此允许我们使用最大应力作为断裂准则。裂纹尖端的有限应力分别与裂纹长度、裂纹间距、功能梯度参数、入射波的圆频率和材料的晶格参数有关。
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引用次数: 3
Two Back Stress Hardening Models in Rate Independent Rigid Plastic Deformation 速率无关刚塑性变形的两种背应力硬化模型
S. Yun
In the present work, the constitutive relations based on the combination of two back stresses are developed using the Armstrong-Frederick, Phillips and Ziegler’s type hardening rules. Various evolutions of the kinematic hardening parameter can be obtained by means of a simple combination of back stress rate using the rule of mixtures. Thus, a wide range of plastic deformation behavior can be depicted depending on the dominant back stress evolution. The ultimate back stress is also determined for the present combined kinematic hardening models. Since a kinematic hardening rule is assumed in the finite deformation regime, the stress rate is co-rotated with respect to the spin of substructure obtained by incorporating the plastic spin concept. A comparison of the various co-rotational rates is also included. Assuming rigid plasticity, the continuum body consists of the elastic deformation zone and the plastic deformation zone to form a hybrid finite element formulation. Then, the plastic deformation behavior is investigated under various loading conditions with an assumption of the J2 deformation theory. The plastic deformation localization turns out to be strongly dependent on the description of back stress evolution and its associated hardening parameters. The analysis for the shear deformation with fixed boundaries is carried out to examine the deformation localization behavior and the evolution of state variables.
本文采用Armstrong-Frederick, Phillips和Ziegler型硬化规则建立了基于两个背应力组合的本构关系。利用混合规律对背应力率进行简单组合,可以得到运动硬化参数的各种演化。因此,广泛的塑性变形行为可以描述依赖于主导背应力演化。并对目前的组合运动硬化模型确定了极限背应力。由于在有限变形状态下假定了运动硬化规律,因此应力速率与结合塑性自旋概念得到的子结构自旋共旋。还包括各种共转速率的比较。假定刚塑性,连续体由弹性变形区和塑性变形区组成混合有限元公式。然后,在J2变形理论的假设下,研究了不同加载条件下的塑性变形行为。塑性变形局部化在很大程度上依赖于背应力演化及其相关硬化参数的描述。对具有固定边界的剪切变形进行了分析,考察了变形局部化行为和状态变量的演化规律。
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引用次数: 0
Two Collinear Interface Cracks between Two Dissimilar Functionally Graded Piezoelectric/Piezomagnetic Material Layers under Anti-Plane Shear Loading 反平面剪切载荷下两种不同功能梯度压电/压磁材料层间共线界面裂纹
Jun Liang
In this paper, the behavior of two collinear interface cracks between two dissimilar functionally graded piezoelectric/piezomagnetic material layers subjected to an anti-plane shear loading is investigated. To make the analysis tractable, it is assumed that the material properties vary exponentially with coordinate vertical to the crack. By using the Fourier transform, the problem can be solved with the help of a pair of triple integral equations in which the unknown variable is the jump of the displacement across the crack surfaces. These equations are solved using the Schmidt method. The normalized stress, the electrical displacement and the magnetic flux intensity factors are determined for different geometric for the permeable electric boundary conditions. The relations among the electric filed, the magnetic flux field and the dynamic stress field near the crack tips can be obtained. Numerical examples are provided to show the effect of the functionally graded parameter and the thickness of the strip upon the stress, the electric displacement and the magnetic flux intensity factors of the crack.
本文研究了两种不同功能梯度压电/压磁材料层在反平面剪切载荷作用下的共线界面裂纹行为。为了便于分析,假设材料性能随垂直于裂纹的坐标呈指数变化。通过傅里叶变换,该问题可以借助一对三重积分方程来求解,其中未知变量为裂纹表面位移的跳变。用施密特方法求解了这些方程。确定了不同几何导电边界条件下的归一化应力、电位移和磁通量强度因子。得到了裂纹尖端附近电场、磁场和动应力场之间的关系。数值算例说明了功能梯度参数和带材厚度对裂纹应力、电位移和磁通强度因子的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Stresses around an Eccentric Hole in an Infinite Strip Subjected to Side Pressure 受侧压作用的无限带材偏心孔周围的应力
T. Horibe, E. Tsuchida
In this paper, an analytical solution for an infinite strip having an eccentrically located circular hole is given when the strip is subjected to a pair of side pressures. The solution is based on an approach involving Papcovich-Neuber displacement potentials and deduced using the simple forms of Cartesian and cylindrical harmonics. The boundary conditions on both sides of the strip and around the hole are completely satisfied with the aid of the relations between the Cartesian and cylindrical harmonics. The solution is shown in a graph, and the effect of the eccentric hole on the stress distribution is clarified.
本文给出了带偏心圆孔的无限带材在双侧压力作用下的解析解。该解决方案是基于一种涉及papcovic - neuber位移势的方法,并使用笛卡尔和圆柱谐波的简单形式推导出来的。利用直角次谐波与圆柱次谐波的关系,完全满足了带材两侧和孔周围的边界条件。用图形表示了求解结果,并阐明了偏心孔对应力分布的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Development of a Finite Element Contact Analysis Algorithm to Pass the Patch Test 一种通过贴片试验的有限元接触分析算法的发展
Xian Chen, T. Hisada
A finite element contact analysis algorithm has to pass the so-called patch test. In the conventional one-pass approach, the virtual work due to contact force is evaluated by concentrated contact force and corresponding virtual displacement. This means that the contact force at the contact surface between deformable bodies is not transmitted appropriately in the virtual work sense. This paper proposes a new algorithm based on the one-pass approach, which evaluates the virtual work due to contact force by integrating it on the contact surfaces. Furthermore, the nodal contact pressure in the master contact surface is transmitted from that in the slave contact surface by projecting the master node onto the slave element. In this way, the proposed algorithm is capable of correctly evaluating the equivalent nodal contact force and passing the contact patch test. Two numerical examples verify the effectiveness of the new algorithm.
有限元接触分析算法必须通过所谓的贴片测试。在传统的一遍法中,接触力的虚功由集中的接触力和相应的虚位移来计算。这意味着在虚功意义上,可变形体之间接触面处的接触力没有得到适当的传递。本文提出了一种基于一遍法的新算法,通过对接触力在接触面上的积分来计算接触力虚功。此外,通过将主节点投射到从元件上,将主接触面中的节点接触压力从从接触面中的节点接触压力传递出去。这样,该算法能够正确地计算等效节点接触力并通过接触斑测试。两个数值算例验证了新算法的有效性。
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引用次数: 12
Data-Mining of Factors Affecting Circuit Connection Reliability on Laser-Drilled Micro Blind via Holes in Multi-Layer PWBs 影响激光打孔微盲板多层印刷电路板电路连接可靠性因素的数据挖掘
K. Ogawa, T. Hirogaki, E. Aoyama, S. Maeda, H. Inoue, T. Katayama
The purpose of the present study is to analyze the circuit connection reliability of printed wiring boards (PWBs) in relation to the thermal stresses obtained by FEM and to apply the FEM data to a data-mining method in order to clarify the factors that influence the thermal stress of the copper plating on the drilled hole walls. The following are the conclusions obtained herein: (1) Decreasing the thickness of the build-up layer is effective in reducing the thermal stress of the copper plating. (2) Using the data-mining method, new factors that were hidden in the data, such as the coefficient of thermal expansion in the Z direction, were revealed, despite the presence of other complex factors.
本研究的目的是分析印制板(PWBs)的电路连接可靠性与有限元计算得到的热应力的关系,并将有限元数据应用于数据挖掘方法,以阐明影响镀铜在钻孔壁上热应力的因素。研究结果表明:(1)减小堆焊层厚度可以有效降低镀铜层的热应力。(2)利用数据挖掘方法,在存在其他复杂因素的情况下,揭示了数据中隐藏的新因素,如Z方向的热膨胀系数。
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引用次数: 2
Free Vibration Analysis of Delaminated Composite Pretwisted Rotating Shells : A Finite Element Approach 分层复合材料预扭旋转壳体的自由振动分析:有限元方法
A. Karmakar, K. Kishimoto
In this paper a finite element method is presented to study the effects of delamination on free vibration characteristics of graphite-epoxy composite pretwisted rotating shells. Lagrange’s equation of motion is used to derive the dynamic equilibrium equation and moderate rotational speeds are considered wherein the Coriolis effect is negligible. An eight noded isoparametric plate bending element is employed in the formulation incorporating rotary inertia and effects of transverse shear deformation based on Mindlin’s theory. To satisfy the compatibility of deformation and equilibrium of resultant forces and moments at the delamination crack front, a multipoint constraint algorithm is incorporated which leads to unsymmetric stiffness matrices. Parametric studies are performed in respect of location of delamination, fibre orientation, rotational speed and twist angle on natural frequencies of cylindrical shallow shells. Numerical results obtained for symmetric and unsymmetric laminates are the first known non-dimensional frequencies for the analyses carried out here.
本文采用有限元方法研究了分层对石墨-环氧复合材料预扭旋转壳体自由振动特性的影响。采用拉格朗日运动方程推导动力平衡方程,考虑适度转速,其中科里奥利效应可忽略不计。基于Mindlin理论,在考虑转动惯量和横向剪切变形影响的基础上,采用八节点等参板弯曲单元。为了满足分层裂纹前缘变形的相容性以及合力和弯矩的平衡,引入了一种多点约束算法,该算法产生了非对称刚度矩阵。对分层位置、纤维取向、转速和扭转角对圆柱浅壳固有频率的影响进行了参数化研究。对于对称和非对称层压板所得到的数值结果是本文所进行分析的第一个已知的无量纲频率。
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引用次数: 23
期刊
Jsme International Journal Series A-solid Mechanics and Material Engineering
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