Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106870
Huimei Wang , Zi Xu , Lin Chen
The density field distribution of supercritical CO₂ (sCO₂) has been investigated through a visualization experiment of a converging-diverging channel by high-speed interferometer technique. The density fields of three phase-state processes (pseudo-liquid, trans-pseudo-critical, and pseudo-gas) under two inlet temperatures were quantitatively analyzed in this study. It has been found that the density decreases rapidly in the converging section, reaches a minimum near the throat region, and then recovers gradually in the expansion section. In the pseudo-liquid region, as the inlet pressure approaches the pseudo-critical line, the density variation becomes more pronounced compared to the pseudo-critical and pseudo-gas regions. Although the absolute value of relative density change increases with the increase of pressure difference, the flow exhibits stronger instability near the critical point under a pressure difference of 3800 Pa due to parametric sensitivity. Transient analysis reveals dynamic flow details, with high-density irregular clusters predominantly forming in the converging section. Notably, when the inlet temperature deviates from the critical point, the pseudo-gas region displays enhanced time-dependent density fluctuations, accompanied by more distinct transient response characteristics.
{"title":"Experimental analysis on density field of supercritical CO2 flow in a converging-diverging channel by fast interferometer technique","authors":"Huimei Wang , Zi Xu , Lin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The density field distribution of supercritical CO₂ (sCO₂) has been investigated through a visualization experiment of a converging-diverging channel by high-speed interferometer technique. The density fields of three phase-state processes (pseudo-liquid, trans-pseudo-critical, and pseudo-gas) under two inlet temperatures were quantitatively analyzed in this study. It has been found that the density decreases rapidly in the converging section, reaches a minimum near the throat region, and then recovers gradually in the expansion section. In the pseudo-liquid region, as the inlet pressure approaches the pseudo-critical line, the density variation becomes more pronounced compared to the pseudo-critical and pseudo-gas regions. Although the absolute value of relative density change increases with the increase of pressure difference, the flow exhibits stronger instability near the critical point under a pressure difference of 3800 Pa due to parametric sensitivity. Transient analysis reveals dynamic flow details, with high-density irregular clusters predominantly forming in the converging section. Notably, when the inlet temperature deviates from the critical point, the pseudo-gas region displays enhanced time-dependent density fluctuations, accompanied by more distinct transient response characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106870"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research aims to enhance the extraction process of essential oils from Withania frutescens through the use of supercritical CO₂ (scCO2) in combination with Box-Behnken response surface methodology (RSM). The optimized extraction parameters identified were 200 bar, 50 °C, and a duration of 180 min, resulting in a maximum yield of 14.66 %. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified the main bioactive components, including thymol (about 40.45 %) and caryophyllene oxide (about 52.93 %). The extracted essential oils showed notable antifungal properties against Alternaria alternata, achieving an inhibition rate of 63.7 % at a concentration of 1.5 mg/mL, along with significant antioxidant activity, as indicated by low IC50 value (∼1 mg/mL). Molecular docking studies revealed stable interactions between γ-terpinene and thymol with fungal target proteins, confirming their antifungal effectiveness observed in experiments. These results underscore the potential of W. frutescens essential oils as a sustainable alternative to synthetic fungicides, holding promise for valuable applications in both agricultural and pharmaceutical sectors.
{"title":"Supercritical CO₂ extraction of Withania frutescens essential oils: Box-behnken RSM optimization, antifungal, antioxidant activities and molecular docking insights","authors":"Abderrahman Makaoui , Abdelmonaem Talhaoui , Hamza Bouakline , Ridouan El Yousfi , Kaoutar Aboukhalid , Abdessadek Essadek , Abdelhak Khallou , Ali Elbachiri , Abdesselam Maatougui , Boukherroub Rabah , Mounsef Neffa","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research aims to enhance the extraction process of essential oils from <em>Withania frutescens</em> through the use of supercritical CO₂ (scCO<sub>2</sub>) in combination with Box-Behnken response surface methodology (RSM). The optimized extraction parameters identified were 200 bar, 50 °C, and a duration of 180 min, resulting in a maximum yield of 14.66 %. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified the main bioactive components, including thymol (about 40.45 %) and caryophyllene oxide (about 52.93 %). The extracted essential oils showed notable antifungal properties against <em>Alternaria alternata</em>, achieving an inhibition rate of 63.7 % at a concentration of 1.5 mg/mL, along with significant antioxidant activity, as indicated by low IC50 value (∼1 mg/mL). Molecular docking studies revealed stable interactions between γ-terpinene and thymol with fungal target proteins, confirming their antifungal effectiveness observed in experiments. These results underscore the potential of <em>W. frutescens</em> essential oils as a sustainable alternative to synthetic fungicides, holding promise for valuable applications in both agricultural and pharmaceutical sectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106869"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145689278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106866
Lucía Doyle , Juan Pedro Fernández-Blázquez , Carlos González
Poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) is a benchmark high-performance thermo- plastic, yet its high melting temperature, rapid crystallization kinetics, and narrow processing window severely constrain advanced manufacturing, especially additive manufacturing (AM). Here we demonstrate that dissolved CO2 provides a powerful route to overcome these limitations through its plasticization effects. Dynamic mechanical analysis reveals a substantial 46 °C depression in Tg upon CO2 saturation, together with a broadening of the transition regime from 20 °C to 60 °C, effectively widening PEEK’s processability window. This enables extrusion temperatures to be reduced by 20 °C. Moreover, CO2 saturation induces up to threefold volume expansion during extrusion, with coarse cellular morphologies of approximately 100 µm. By coupling thermal plasticization with controlled foaming, this work lays the groundwork for CO2-assisted PEEK processing strategies that enable processing at lower temperatures while introducing hierarchical architectures. These advances open new pathways for foam-based additive manufacturing of PEEK, expanding its design space for lightweight, high-performance applications in aerospace, medical, and beyond.
{"title":"Processing window modification in PEEK through CO2 plasticization: Towards hierarchical additive manufacturing","authors":"Lucía Doyle , Juan Pedro Fernández-Blázquez , Carlos González","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) is a benchmark high-performance thermo- plastic, yet its high melting temperature, rapid crystallization kinetics, and narrow processing window severely constrain advanced manufacturing, especially additive manufacturing (AM). Here we demonstrate that dissolved CO<sub>2</sub> provides a powerful route to overcome these limitations through its plasticization effects. Dynamic mechanical analysis reveals a substantial 46 °C depression in T<sub><em>g</em></sub> upon CO<sub>2</sub> saturation, together with a broadening of the transition regime from 20 °C to 60 °C, effectively widening PEEK’s processability window. This enables extrusion temperatures to be reduced by 20 °C. Moreover, CO<sub>2</sub> saturation induces up to threefold volume expansion during extrusion, with coarse cellular morphologies of approximately 100 <em>µ</em>m. By coupling thermal plasticization with controlled foaming, this work lays the groundwork for CO<sub>2</sub>-assisted PEEK processing strategies that enable processing at lower temperatures while introducing hierarchical architectures. These advances open new pathways for foam-based additive manufacturing of PEEK, expanding its design space for lightweight, high-performance applications in aerospace, medical, and beyond.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106866"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145690140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106868
Jin-Mi Park, Min-Jung Ko
The extraction characteristics of six aromatic compounds present in nutmeg were investigated using subcritical water extraction (SWE), at 110–200 ℃ for 5–20 min. All aromatic compounds exhibited higher yields at elevated temperatures because of increased solubility resulting from the decreased dielectric constant of subcritical water. The possibility of structural conversion due to hydrothermal decomposition and isomerization at approximately 190–200 ℃ was confirmed. Eugenol, trans-isoeugenol, cis-isoeugenol, and methoxyeugenol yields under the optimal SWE conditions exceeded those obtained using conventional extraction methods at relatively lower temperatures. In contrast, methyleugenol and myristicin yields were higher for solvent extraction (acetone, ethanol, and methanol) and supercritical fluid extraction. These results are based on the differences in the polarity and thermal stability of the compounds. Therefore, SWE effectively extracts thermally stable components from nutmeg while limiting the extraction of methyleugenol and myristicin. This highlights that SWE is efficient for selectively extracting thermally stable compounds.
{"title":"Selective extraction and structural conversion of nutmeg-derived aromatics via subcritical water extraction technique","authors":"Jin-Mi Park, Min-Jung Ko","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106868","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106868","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The extraction characteristics of six aromatic compounds present in nutmeg were investigated using subcritical water extraction (SWE), at 110–200 ℃ for 5–20 min. All aromatic compounds exhibited higher yields at elevated temperatures because of increased solubility resulting from the decreased dielectric constant of subcritical water. The possibility of structural conversion due to hydrothermal decomposition and isomerization at approximately 190–200 ℃ was confirmed. Eugenol, <em>trans</em>-isoeugenol, <em>cis</em>-isoeugenol, and methoxyeugenol yields under the optimal SWE conditions exceeded those obtained using conventional extraction methods at relatively lower temperatures. In contrast, methyleugenol and myristicin yields were higher for solvent extraction (acetone, ethanol, and methanol) and supercritical fluid extraction. These results are based on the differences in the polarity and thermal stability of the compounds. Therefore, SWE effectively extracts thermally stable components from nutmeg while limiting the extraction of methyleugenol and myristicin. This highlights that SWE is efficient for selectively extracting thermally stable compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106868"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145689279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wax precipitation can present a persistent challenge in natural gas systems, leading to blockages, reduced flow efficiency, and costly interruptions across production, transportation, and processing units. Understanding and predicting the solubility of paraffin waxes in supercritical gases, such as CO2 and ethane, is crucial to managing these flow assurance issues. However, conventional experimental techniques, while accurate, are resource-intensive and time-consuming. Similarly, traditional thermodynamic models often struggle with generalization when applied to complex multi-variable systems, particularly under varying operational conditions. In response to these limitations, this study explores the potential of advanced data-driven techniques to model wax solubility more efficiently and accurately. Three intelligent algorithms, including Extreme Trees (ET), Multi-Layer Perceptron optimized with Levenberg–Marquardt Algorithm (MLP-LMA) and Bayesian Regularization (MLP-BR), were trained and tested on a comprehensive experimental dataset that includes pressure, temperature, and critical temperatures of both the gas phase and solid wax compounds. Among these, the MLP-LMA model emerged as the top performer, achieving an outstanding prediction accuracy with an RMSE of 53.7729 and an R2 of 0.9996. Further validation through trend analysis and XAI techniques (SHapley Additive exPlanations) confirmed the model’s ability to capture underlying physical patterns and variable importance. Leverage diagnostics also indicated strong statistical reliability, with only 1.98 % of observations classified as potential outliers. Beyond predictive accuracy, the model holds significant promise for real-world deployment. Its integration into industrial flow assurance systems could enable rapid solubility estimation, support operational decisions, reduce downtime, and optimize the design of wax management strategies in CO2 and ethane-rich systems.
{"title":"Data-driven modeling of wax solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide and ethane systems","authors":"Mohamed Riad Youcefi , Saad Alatefi , Menad Nait Amar , Ahmad Alkouh","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wax precipitation can present a persistent challenge in natural gas systems, leading to blockages, reduced flow efficiency, and costly interruptions across production, transportation, and processing units. Understanding and predicting the solubility of paraffin waxes in supercritical gases, such as CO<sub>2</sub> and ethane, is crucial to managing these flow assurance issues. However, conventional experimental techniques, while accurate, are resource-intensive and time-consuming. Similarly, traditional thermodynamic models often struggle with generalization when applied to complex multi-variable systems, particularly under varying operational conditions. In response to these limitations, this study explores the potential of advanced data-driven techniques to model wax solubility more efficiently and accurately. Three intelligent algorithms, including Extreme Trees (ET), Multi-Layer Perceptron optimized with Levenberg–Marquardt Algorithm (MLP-LMA) and Bayesian Regularization (MLP-BR), were trained and tested on a comprehensive experimental dataset that includes pressure, temperature, and critical temperatures of both the gas phase and solid wax compounds. Among these, the MLP-LMA model emerged as the top performer, achieving an outstanding prediction accuracy with an RMSE of 53.7729 and an R<sup>2</sup> of 0.9996. Further validation through trend analysis and XAI techniques (SHapley Additive exPlanations) confirmed the model’s ability to capture underlying physical patterns and variable importance. Leverage diagnostics also indicated strong statistical reliability, with only 1.98 % of observations classified as potential outliers. Beyond predictive accuracy, the model holds significant promise for real-world deployment. Its integration into industrial flow assurance systems could enable rapid solubility estimation, support operational decisions, reduce downtime, and optimize the design of wax management strategies in CO<sub>2</sub> and ethane-rich systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106867"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145657457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study investigates Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) coating with adipic dihydrazide (ADH) using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2), with the aim of designing composite membranes that exhibit improved homogeneity and compatibility between the polymer and filler. Two high pressure techniques were applied to modify ZIF-8 particles, comprising supercritical solvent impregnation (SSI) that avoids the usage of any organic solvent, and supercritical assisted impregnation (SAI) in the presence of either water or DMF as a solvent for ADH. The effects of pure scCO2 on ZIF-8 and its high-pressure hydrolysis were also investigated. The ZIF-8 modification was followed by FTIR, XRD, TGA, BET, and SEM methods. Cellulose acetate-based composite membranes were prepared using modified and pristine ZIF-8 and characterized by SEM/FIB and for hydrogen permeation. The results revealed that the coating of ZIF-8 by SAI and DMF as a solvent for ADH affected the structure of ZIF-8 least. Interestingly, despite the low solubility of ADH in scCO2, the SSI was successful due to the high affinity of ADH toward ZIF-8, demonstrating a supercritical bridge phenomenon. However, the process affected the BET surface area, particle morphology, and porosity. Composite membranes prepared with a modified filler showed improved homogeneity and reduced hydrogen permeation, qualifying for further studies on the separation of gas mixtures containing hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
{"title":"Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 coating in supercritical carbon dioxide for novel membranes design and the supercritical bridge phenomenon","authors":"Ashika Dilshani Wackwella Gamage , Hanin Samara , Ewa Lorenc-Grabowska , Mahmoodzia Zamaninia , Ewelina Ksepko , Irena Zizovic","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study investigates Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) coating with adipic dihydrazide (ADH) using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO<sub>2</sub>), with the aim of designing composite membranes that exhibit improved homogeneity and compatibility between the polymer and filler. Two high pressure techniques were applied to modify ZIF-8 particles, comprising supercritical solvent impregnation (SSI) that avoids the usage of any organic solvent, and supercritical assisted impregnation (SAI) in the presence of either water or DMF as a solvent for ADH. The effects of pure scCO<sub>2</sub> on ZIF-8 and its high-pressure hydrolysis were also investigated. The ZIF-8 modification was followed by FTIR, XRD, TGA, BET, and SEM methods. Cellulose acetate-based composite membranes were prepared using modified and pristine ZIF-8 and characterized by SEM/FIB and for hydrogen permeation. The results revealed that the coating of ZIF-8 by SAI and DMF as a solvent for ADH affected the structure of ZIF-8 least. Interestingly, despite the low solubility of ADH in scCO<sub>2</sub>, the SSI was successful due to the high affinity of ADH toward ZIF-8, demonstrating a supercritical bridge phenomenon. However, the process affected the BET surface area, particle morphology, and porosity. Composite membranes prepared with a modified filler showed improved homogeneity and reduced hydrogen permeation, qualifying for further studies on the separation of gas mixtures containing hydrogen and carbon dioxide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106864"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106865
Stefania Mottola , Emanuela Drago , Federica Montella , Giuseppe Firpo , Roberta Campardelli , Iolanda De Marco
The reuse of residues from the agri-food industry for the development of active food packaging represents a sustainable alternative that has gained increasing attention in recent years. In this work, active zein films were produced by impregnating them with a multicomponent extract derived from spent coffee grounds – a rich natural source of antioxidants, polyphenols, and other bioactive components – via a sustainable supercritical carbon dioxide technique. This process offers a novel and eco-friendly approach to loading bioactive multicomponent extracts onto biodegradable films. The extracts were obtained via high-pressure and temperature extraction (HPTE), while the zein films were produced using either solvent casting (ZCAS) or electrospinning (ZELC). Supercritical impregnation was employed to load a multicomponent extract into zein films. Process parameters such as temperature and contact time were optimized to maximize impregnation efficiency. The loading, quantified using caffeine as a reference compound, was 0.64 mg caffeine/g film for ZCAS and 0.93 mg caffeine/g film for ZELC. The impregnated zein films exhibited enhanced light barrier properties and antioxidant activity, as confirmed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) analysis, indicating their potential as sustainable, active, and eco-friendly packaging materials. Moreover, the use of spent coffee grounds as a source of active ingredients, combined with zein as the film matrix, provides a novel upcycling strategy. This dual-function approach aligns with current efforts to enhance food system sustainability through innovations in material science and waste valorisation.
{"title":"From spent coffee residues to sustainable packaging: Zein-based active films produced via supercritical impregnation","authors":"Stefania Mottola , Emanuela Drago , Federica Montella , Giuseppe Firpo , Roberta Campardelli , Iolanda De Marco","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reuse of residues from the agri-food industry for the development of active food packaging represents a sustainable alternative that has gained increasing attention in recent years. In this work, active zein films were produced by impregnating them with a multicomponent extract derived from spent coffee grounds – a rich natural source of antioxidants, polyphenols, and other bioactive components – via a sustainable supercritical carbon dioxide technique. This process offers a novel and eco-friendly approach to loading bioactive multicomponent extracts onto biodegradable films. The extracts were obtained via high-pressure and temperature extraction (HPTE), while the zein films were produced using either solvent casting (ZCAS) or electrospinning (ZELC). Supercritical impregnation was employed to load a multicomponent extract into zein films. Process parameters such as temperature and contact time were optimized to maximize impregnation efficiency. The loading, quantified using caffeine as a reference compound, was 0.64 mg caffeine/g film for ZCAS and 0.93 mg caffeine/g film for ZELC. The impregnated zein films exhibited enhanced light barrier properties and antioxidant activity, as confirmed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) analysis, indicating their potential as sustainable, active, and eco-friendly packaging materials. Moreover, the use of spent coffee grounds as a source of active ingredients, combined with zein as the film matrix, provides a novel upcycling strategy. This dual-function approach aligns with current efforts to enhance food system sustainability through innovations in material science and waste valorisation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106865"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145657459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106863
J.S. Zhang , A. Mouahid , C. Crampon , Z.S. Xu , N. Neumann , F. Temelli , M.G. Gänzle , E. Badens
Sterilization using supercritical CO₂ (scCO₂) can be conducted at relatively low temperatures but additive-assisted treatments are often required for the complete inactivation of dried resistant strains. Such treatments have not been validated across a panel of relevant target microorganisms. This study aimed to investigate the bacterial reduction of 16 bacterial strains with known resistance to diverse environmental stressors. The selection included strains of Escherichia coli and Bacillus spp. that are highly resistant to wet heat, the heat resistant Geobacillus stearothermophilus, strains of Salmonella with exceptional resistance to dry heat, and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from chlorinated wastewater. Treatment of desiccated cells or endospores with scCO2 at 11 MPa and 40 °C with 200 H2O2 reduced cell counts of most strains by more than 6 log10 (cfu / mL) but cell counts of G. stearothermophilus, Salmonella and K. pneumoniae were reduced by 1 to 4 log10 (cfu / mL). Addition of 200 ppm and 400 ppm peracetic acid increased treatment lethality; treatment with scCO2 at 11 MPa and 40 °C in the presence of 200 H2O2 and 400 ppm peracetic acid reduced cell counts of all strains by more than 6 log10 (cfu / mL). In conclusion, treatment with scCO2 at 11 MPa and 40 °C in the presence of H2O2 and peracetic acid reduces cell counts of resistant target microorganisms. This is particularly relevant for the sterilization of implantable and reusable medical devices and serves as a suitable alternative for sterilizing devices that contain heat-sensitive polymers.
{"title":"Enhancing sterilization efficacy: Evaluating bacterial resistance to supercritical CO2","authors":"J.S. Zhang , A. Mouahid , C. Crampon , Z.S. Xu , N. Neumann , F. Temelli , M.G. Gänzle , E. Badens","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sterilization using supercritical CO₂ (scCO₂) can be conducted at relatively low temperatures but additive-assisted treatments are often required for the complete inactivation of dried resistant strains. Such treatments have not been validated across a panel of relevant target microorganisms. This study aimed to investigate the bacterial reduction of 16 bacterial strains with known resistance to diverse environmental stressors. The selection included strains of <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Bacillus</em> spp. that are highly resistant to wet heat, the heat resistant <em>Geobacillus stearothermophilus</em>, strains of <em>Salmonella</em> with exceptional resistance to dry heat, and <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> isolates from chlorinated wastewater. Treatment of desiccated cells or endospores with scCO<sub>2</sub> at 11 MPa and 40 °C with 200 H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> reduced cell counts of most strains by more than 6 log<sub>10</sub> (cfu / mL) but cell counts of <em>G. stearothermophilus</em>, <em>Salmonella</em> and <em>K. pneumoniae</em> were reduced by 1 to 4 log<sub>10</sub> (cfu / mL). Addition of 200 ppm and 400 ppm peracetic acid increased treatment lethality; treatment with scCO<sub>2</sub> at 11 MPa and 40 °C in the presence of 200 H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and 400 ppm peracetic acid reduced cell counts of all strains by more than 6 log<sub>10</sub> (cfu / mL). In conclusion, treatment with scCO<sub>2</sub> at 11 MPa and 40 °C in the presence of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and peracetic acid reduces cell counts of resistant target microorganisms. This is particularly relevant for the sterilization of implantable and reusable medical devices and serves as a suitable alternative for sterilizing devices that contain heat-sensitive polymers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106863"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145613896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106847
Ana Paula Kaucz, Dihia Chabni, Jean-Stéphane Condoret, Jean-Christophe Remigy, Séverine Camy
This review provides a comprehensive and updated analysis of the use of dense polymeric membranes with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) processes, with the target of the recovery of solutes solubilized in SC-CO2 for energy savings. Based on a systematic literature review, this work categorizes membrane applications into three main operational scenarios, each defined by distinct solute-CO2-membrane interactions. These scenarios are used as a guiding framework to evaluate membrane materials, process configurations, and performance metrics such as permeance, selectivity, and energy efficiency. Both rubbery and glassy polymers are discussed, with emphasis on their behavior under SC-CO2 conditions, including plasticization, swelling, and long-term stability. Advanced strategies for mitigating CO2-induced membrane degradation and enhancing separation performance are also addressed. Although promising, the integration of dense membranes in SC-CO2 systems remains limited by the lack of long-term performance data and by challenges in scaling up to industrial applications. This review not only summarizes current knowledge but also identifies research gaps and provides perspectives for future developments in this emerging field.
{"title":"Dense membranes for the recovery of solutes from supercritical CO2: A review","authors":"Ana Paula Kaucz, Dihia Chabni, Jean-Stéphane Condoret, Jean-Christophe Remigy, Séverine Camy","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review provides a comprehensive and updated analysis of the use of dense polymeric membranes with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO<sub>2</sub>) processes, with the target of the recovery of solutes solubilized in SC-CO<sub>2</sub> for energy savings. Based on a systematic literature review, this work categorizes membrane applications into three main operational scenarios, each defined by distinct solute-CO<sub>2</sub>-membrane interactions. These scenarios are used as a guiding framework to evaluate membrane materials, process configurations, and performance metrics such as permeance, selectivity, and energy efficiency. Both rubbery and glassy polymers are discussed, with emphasis on their behavior under SC-CO<sub>2</sub> conditions, including plasticization, swelling, and long-term stability. Advanced strategies for mitigating CO<sub>2</sub>-induced membrane degradation and enhancing separation performance are also addressed. Although promising, the integration of dense membranes in SC-CO<sub>2</sub> systems remains limited by the lack of long-term performance data and by challenges in scaling up to industrial applications. This review not only summarizes current knowledge but also identifies research gaps and provides perspectives for future developments in this emerging field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106847"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145583882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106851
Erxing Ren , Xiaoyu Yao , Zhi Yang , Qiaoyan Dong , Jun Shen
Liquid oxygen/liquid methane rockets are currently one of the most mature technologies among heavy-lift launch vehicles. However, the combustion of methane and oxygen is a complex transcritical process. The fluid crosses the Widom line can lead to heat transfer deterioration, thereby affecting the stability of combustion. This paper uses molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to calculate the Widom line of the methane-oxygen binary mixture with component changes and investigates the changes in microscopic structure of the mixture as it crosses the Widom line. The results of radial distribution function (RDF) indicate that the second peak exists in the liquid-like region, and when the binary mixture crosses the Widom line into the gas-like region, the second peaks of both components disappear simultaneously. This research findings provide a method for identifying the Widom line of binary mixtures and assist in engineering the identification of regions where heat transfer deterioration occurs during supercritical processes.
{"title":"Molecular dynamics study on the Widom Line of binary mixture of methane and oxygen system","authors":"Erxing Ren , Xiaoyu Yao , Zhi Yang , Qiaoyan Dong , Jun Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liquid oxygen/liquid methane rockets are currently one of the most mature technologies among heavy-lift launch vehicles. However, the combustion of methane and oxygen is a complex transcritical process. The fluid crosses the Widom line can lead to heat transfer deterioration, thereby affecting the stability of combustion. This paper uses molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to calculate the Widom line of the methane-oxygen binary mixture with component changes and investigates the changes in microscopic structure of the mixture as it crosses the Widom line. The results of radial distribution function (RDF) indicate that the second peak exists in the liquid-like region, and when the binary mixture crosses the Widom line into the gas-like region, the second peaks of both components disappear simultaneously. This research findings provide a method for identifying the Widom line of binary mixtures and assist in engineering the identification of regions where heat transfer deterioration occurs during supercritical processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106851"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145592957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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