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Supercritical fluid extraction of emulsion-assisted encapsulation of hypocholesterolemic bioactive compounds 超临界流体萃取乳液辅助封装低胆固醇生物活性化合物
IF 3.9 3区 工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2024.106306
Daniela Cerro , Alejandra Torres , Julio Romero , Camilo Streitt , Adrián Rojas , Silvia Matiacevich , Sebastián Machuca

β-sitosterol and Curcumin, known for their hypocholesterolemic effects, have difficulties for application in aqueous foods due to their reduced water solubility and stability. The encapsulation technique allows these compounds to be protected, resulting in increased bioavailability and bioaccessibility. This study investigated the feasibility of producing capsules using different biopolymeric coating materials through a Supercritical Fluids Extraction of Emulsions (SFEE) encapsulation process. Emulsions with homogeneous droplet sizes were processed at 40 [°C] by the SFEE method at pressures of 9 and 13 [MPa]. β-sitosterol powder was successfully encapsulated in both polycaprolactone and modified-starch matrices. Curcumin could only be encapsulated in modified starch, probably because of the highly hydrophobic nature of this compound. The resulting powders, with process efficiencies higher than 60%, were characterized by thermal, structural and morphological analyses, indicating agglomerated spherical capsules. Optimal encapsulation was at 9 [MPa] due to smaller capsule sizes, lower pressure requirements and reduced CO2 consumption.

β-谷甾醇和姜黄素以其降低胆固醇的作用而闻名,但由于其水溶性和稳定性较差,很难应用于水性食品中。封装技术可以保护这些化合物,从而提高生物利用率和生物可及性。本研究调查了通过超临界流体萃取乳液(SFEE)封装工艺使用不同生物聚合物包衣材料生产胶囊的可行性。在 40 [℃]、压力分别为 9 和 13 [MPa] 的条件下,采用 SFEE 方法处理了液滴大小均匀的乳液。β-谷甾醇粉末在聚己内酯和改性淀粉基质中都被成功封装。姜黄素只能封装在改性淀粉中,这可能是因为这种化合物具有高度疏水性。通过热分析、结构分析和形态分析,所制备的粉末具有团聚球形胶囊的特征,加工效率高于 60%。由于胶囊尺寸较小、压力要求较低和二氧化碳消耗量较少,最佳封装温度为 9 [兆帕]。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation for flavanone synthesis in subcritical water with La-ZrO2, Mg-ZrO2, and Ca-ZrO2 as solid base catalysts 以 La-ZrO2、Mg-ZrO2 和 Ca-ZrO2 为固基催化剂在亚临界水中合成黄烷酮的研究
IF 3.9 3区 工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2024.106295
Yiqi Wang, Yoshito Oshima, Makoto Akizuki

In this study, flavanone was synthesized via a two-step process, Claisen–Schmidt condensation between 2’-hydroxyactophenone and benzaldehyde followed by isomerization, in subcritical water with ZrO2 based catalysts. Kinetic analysis was conducted to quantitatively show the catalytic activity of different modified ZrO2. The activity of ZrO2 was improved upon incorporating with active metal species. Compared with La-ZrO2 and Mg-ZrO2, Ca-ZrO2 showed the highest activity attributed to strong basicity, but substantial formation of side product and loss of product were observed. La-ZrO2 showed weaker activity than Mg-ZrO2, though La-ZrO2 had higher basicity. One explanation was the dissociation of water to provide OH on the catalyst surface was more challenging since containing significantly more active sites with strong water affinity. Moreover, such active sites contributed less to reaction due to dense water surrounding the catalyst surface. The reaction catalyzed by Mg-ZrO2 reached flavanone selectivity of 72.2 % in 3 hours at 150 °C.

本研究使用 ZrO2 催化剂在亚临界水中通过两步法合成了黄烷酮,即 2'-hydroxyactophenone 和苯甲醛之间的克莱森-施密特缩合,然后进行异构化。为了定量显示不同改性 ZrO2 的催化活性,进行了动力学分析。在加入活性金属物种后,ZrO2 的活性得到了提高。与 La-ZrO2 和 Mg-ZrO2 相比,Ca-ZrO2 因其强碱性而表现出最高的活性,但也观察到大量副产物的生成和产物的损失。虽然 La-ZrO2 的碱性较强,但其活性比 Mg-ZrO2 弱。一种解释是,由于催化剂表面含有更多与水亲和力强的活性位点,因此解离水以提供 OH- 更具挑战性。此外,由于催化剂表面周围有浓密的水,这些活性位点对反应的贡献较小。Mg-ZrO2 催化的反应在 150 °C 下进行 3 小时后,黄烷酮的选择性达到 72.2%。
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引用次数: 0
Supercritical water depolymerization of black liquor, refining and comprehensive analysis of products including biopolyols 黑液的超临界水解聚、提炼和包括生物多酚在内的产品综合分析
IF 3.9 3区 工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2024.106296
Emre Demirkaya , María José Cocero , Danilo Cantero

Black liquor (BL) has valuable lignin and its derived compounds, which can be used for many purposes, such as polyol synthesis. Herein, we reveal polyols presence in depolymerized black liquor (DBL) and propose a fast and scalable approach to increase the yield of this fraction. Hydrothermal treatment (HTL) of black liquor (385°C, 26 MPa) was performed in a custom designed supercritical water (SCW) pilot-plant with rapid reaction times of around 0.4 s. Ash-free, total ethyl acetate extracted bio-oil yield was found 77% w/w. In addition to the contribution of the detailed fractionation methods, this study highlights continuous operation (>1 hour), and short reaction times (∼0.4 s) of raw black liquor in SCW to produce biopolyols and aromatic bio-oil.

黑液(BL)中含有宝贵的木质素及其衍生化合物,可用于多种用途,如多元醇合成。在此,我们揭示了解聚黑液(DBL)中多元醇的存在,并提出了一种快速、可扩展的方法来提高该馏分的产量。黑液的水热处理(HTL)(385°C,26 兆帕)是在定制设计的超临界水(SCW)中试设备中进行的,快速反应时间约为 0.4 秒。无灰、乙酸乙酯萃取生物油的总产量为 77%(重量百分比)。除了详细的分馏方法之外,这项研究还强调了在超临界水中连续操作(1 小时)和短反应时间(∼0.4 秒)生产生物多酚和芳香生物油的黑液原料。
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引用次数: 0
Effect analysis on recycling of cathode material from spent ternary lithium-ion batteries via supercritical water oxidation and acid-leaching 通过超临界水氧化和酸浸法回收三元锂离子废电池正极材料的效果分析
IF 3.9 3区 工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2024.106297
Siyi Kang , Jintao Ou , Xing Wang , Jingwei Chen , Jiaqiang E

This study proposed a recycling method for spent batteries by combining supercritical water oxidation and acid-leaching. In supercritical water oxidation process, the cathode material was separated from the electrode plate, and 98% of lithium in the cathode was leached to achieve the separation of lithium from Ni, Co and Mn. Ni, Co and Mn were then leached during the acid leaching process. The effect of solid-liquid ratio, oxidant mass concentration, reaction time and temperature in supercritical process on metal leaching was analyzed. The leaching rate of Ni, Co and Mn was improved by increasing the mass concentration of oxidant and the reaction temperature. The effect of reaction time on metal leaching is related to the mass concentration of oxidant in the solution. Through the control of paraments, the leaching efficiencies of Ni, Co and Mn were significantly improved from 90.4%, 84.7%, 86.4–99.7%, 96.8% and 98.5%.

本研究提出了一种结合超临界水氧化和酸浸法的废电池回收方法。在超临界水氧化过程中,正极材料与电极板分离,正极中 98% 的锂被浸出,实现了锂与镍、钴和锰的分离。然后在酸浸出过程中浸出镍、钴和锰。分析了超临界工艺中固液比、氧化剂质量浓度、反应时间和温度对金属浸出的影响。通过提高氧化剂质量浓度和反应温度,提高了镍、钴和锰的浸出率。反应时间对金属浸出的影响与溶液中氧化剂的质量浓度有关。通过控制参数,镍、钴和锰的浸出率分别从 90.4%、84.7%、86.4%-99.7%、96.8% 和 98.5% 显著提高。
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引用次数: 0
Thermodynamic assessment of two-step nucleation occurrence in supercritical fluid 超临界流体中两步成核现象的热力学评估
IF 3.9 3区 工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2024.106292
P. Guillou , S. Marre , A. Erriguible

For the crystallization of an API in supercritical CO2, a two – step nucleation mechanism involves the apparition of metastable liquid droplets in the vapour phase composed of the API dissolved in the CO2, before crystallization. To find out the pressure and temperature conditions such a two – step mechanism could be observed, we studied the stability / metastability / instability for {(S)-Naproxen + CO2} and {(RS)-Ibuprofen + CO2} vapour binary mixtures. Thermodynamic computations proposed in the paper, have shown that a mixture of API and CO2 at elevated pressures can be unstable and/or metastable with respect to a liquid-vapour equilibrium and at the same time with respect to a solid-vapour equilibrium. Depending on the degree of supersaturation, such a mixture can potentially first decompose via spinodal decomposition into coexisting liquid and vapour phases, which turn due to nucleation and growth theory to a solid-fluid equilibrium.

原料药在超临界二氧化碳中结晶的两步成核机制是,在结晶之前,由溶解在二氧化碳中的原料药组成的气相中会出现逸散液滴。为了找出可以观察到这种两步成核机制的压力和温度条件,我们研究了{(S)-那普生 + CO2} 和 {(RS)-Ibuprofen + CO2} 蒸汽二元混合物的稳定性/可转移性/不稳定性。论文中提出的热力学计算表明,在高压条件下,原料药和二氧化碳的混合物在液-汽平衡和固-汽平衡方面可能不稳定和/或易变。根据过饱和度的不同,这种混合物有可能首先通过旋光分解作用分解成共存的液相和气相,然后通过成核和生长理论转化为固液平衡。
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引用次数: 0
Melting and crystallization temperatures, foaming, and fluid-induced crystallization of poly (ε-caprolactone) in compressed CO2 and N2 聚(ε-己内酯)在压缩二氧化碳和氮气中的熔化和结晶温度、发泡和流体诱导结晶
IF 3.9 3区 工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2024.106293
Dawn D. Rhee, Emma M. Troiano, Grant Floyd, Erdogan Kiran

Melting and crystallization temperatures of poly(ε-caprolactone)(PCL) exposed to CO2 and N2 have been evaluated at pressures up to 125 bar using High Pressure Torsional Braid Analysis. It is shown that in contrast to CO2, exposure to high pressure N2 does not lead to a significant depression of Tm or Tc. Instead, these transition temperatures tend to increase in nitrogen, reflecting more of a hydrostatic pressure rather than a solvent effect. Another factor that may play a role is the fluid-induced crystallization which tends to increase the melting temperature. By conducting foaming at properly selected temperatures along the rigidity reduction paths which are scaled with respect to the melting temperatures in CO2 or N2, foams with low bulk foam densities of about 0.2 g/cm3 could be generated in CO2 at 100 bar and in N2 at 200 bar.

利用高压扭转编织分析法评估了聚(ε-己内酯)(PCL)在 125 巴压力下接触二氧化碳和 N2 时的熔化和结晶温度。结果表明,与 CO2 不同,暴露于高压 N2 不会导致 Tm 或 Tc 明显降低。相反,这些转变温度在氮气中往往会升高,这更多地反映了静水压力而不是溶剂效应。另一个可能起作用的因素是流体引起的结晶,它往往会提高熔化温度。在二氧化碳或氮气中,沿着与熔化温度成比例的刚度降低路径,在适当选择的温度下进行发泡,可在 100 巴的二氧化碳和 200 巴的氮气中生成体积泡沫密度约为 0.2 克/立方厘米的泡沫。
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引用次数: 0
A flexible superhydrophobic thermoplastic polyurethane porous surface with good self-cleaning function prepared by supercritical CO2 foaming 通过超临界二氧化碳发泡制备具有良好自清洁功能的柔性超疏水热塑性聚氨酯多孔表面
IF 3.9 3区 工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2024.106294
Shaowei Xing, Cuifang Lv, Meijiang Lin, Yao Wang, Fangfang Zou, Guangxian Li, Xia Liao

Porous surfaces show great potential for superhydrophobic applications. Supercritical CO2 foaming is a green technology for preparing porous materials, but it is rarely used to prepare porous surfaces due to the non-porous skin caused by the escape of gas. In this study, a porous thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) surface with dense cell and small cell spacing is prepared by employing bilayer TPU sheet to restrict the escape of gas from surfaces. The influence of the foaming pressure and temperature on the cells of the TPU surface is researched. Furthermore, bimodal cells are obtained by regulating the foaming process and the effect of cell structure on wettability is investigated. Subsequently, a flexible superhydrophobic material with low water-adhesion, mechanical stability, and self-cleaning properties is successfully prepared by modifying fluorinated silica particles on porous TPU surfaces.

多孔表面在超疏水应用方面具有巨大潜力。超临界二氧化碳发泡是一种制备多孔材料的绿色技术,但由于气体逸出会造成无孔表皮,因此很少用于制备多孔表面。本研究采用双层热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)薄片制备了具有致密孔隙和小孔隙间距的多孔热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)表面,以限制气体从表面逸出。研究了发泡压力和温度对 TPU 表面孔隙的影响。此外,还通过调节发泡过程获得了双模细胞,并研究了细胞结构对润湿性的影响。随后,通过在多孔热塑性聚氨酯表面改性氟化硅颗粒,成功制备了一种具有低水粘附性、机械稳定性和自清洁性能的柔性超疏水材料。
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引用次数: 0
Obtaining oil and fermentable sugars from olive pomace using sequential supercritical fluid extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis 利用连续超临界流体萃取和酶水解从橄榄渣中获取油和可发酵糖
IF 3.9 3区 工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2024.106288
Naila Marcuzzo , Crisleine P. Draszewski , Roger Wagner , Madison Willy Silva Cordeiro , Fernanda Castilhos , Flávio D. Mayer , Déborah Cristina Barcelos Flores , Flávia M.D. Nora , Ederson R. Abaide , Claudia S. Rosa

Olive pomace has high economic potential and the supercritical technology for extraction produces oil with potential use in the food and biofuels industries. The remaining solid can be used to obtain fermentable sugars from the hydrolysis. The present work aims to evaluate the effect of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of pomace olive oil at 60 and 40 °C and 18 and 22 MPa on oil yield and composition. Furthermore, use the remaining solid of SFE to obtain fermentable sugars from enzymatic hydrolysis. Kinetic curves were obtained for SFE, with the best oil yields 19.36 ± 2.43 wt% obtained at 40 °C / 22 MPa. The antioxidant activity was better for (60 °C / 22 MPa) presenting 137.87 ± 1.04 µmol TEAC / g am. dry. The highest yield of fermentable sugar (YFS) was 41.02 ± 4.79 g defatted olive pomace (DOP) for 26 Filter Paper Unit (FPU) / 1% solid loading (CS).

橄榄果渣具有很高的经济潜力,采用超临界技术提取的橄榄油可用于食品和生物燃料工业。剩余固体可用于水解获得可发酵糖。本研究旨在评估在 60 和 40 °C、18 和 22 兆帕条件下对果渣橄榄油进行超临界流体萃取(SFE)对橄榄油产量和成分的影响。此外,利用超临界流体萃取的剩余固体通过酶水解获得可发酵糖。获得了 SFE 的动力学曲线,在 40 °C / 22 MPa 条件下,产油量为 19.36 ± 2.43 wt%。抗氧化活性(60 °C / 22 MPa)更好,达到 137.87 ± 1.04 µmol TEAC / g am. dry。在 26 过滤纸单元(FPU)/1% 固体负载(CS)条件下,可发酵糖(YFS)的最高产量为 41.02 ± 4.79 克脱脂橄榄渣(DOP)。
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引用次数: 0
Supercritical fluid dyeing of polyester fabrics using polymeric nanofibers loaded with disperse dye 使用负载分散染料的聚合物纳米纤维对涤纶织物进行超临界流体染色
IF 3.9 3区 工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2024.106289
Kousuke Sasaki, Kazumasa Hirogaki, Isao Tabata, Koji Nakane

This study explores the efficacy of electrospun polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers loaded with C.I. Disperse Red 60 (DR60) as dyeing agents for polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabrics in a supercritical carbon dioxide environment. The fabrication of DR60-loaded PVA nanofibers (DR60/NF-1) involved a spinning solution containing water and dimethyl sulfoxide. Analysis revealed that PET fabrics treated with DR60/NF-1 exhibited significantly higher K/S values (8.51) compared to those treated with DR60 powder (3.19), resulting in visibly distinct coloration among dyed fabrics (ΔEab: 17.77). Additionally, DR60/NF-1 demonstrated superior dye uptake by PET fabrics (15.07 mg/g) at a dosage of 3% (o.w.f.) compared to DR60 powder (13.19 mg/g) at a dosage of 4% (o.w.f.). These findings underscore the potential of DR60-loaded PVA nanofibers to enhance coloration and dye uptake in PET fabric dyeing processes conducted under supercritical carbon dioxide conditions, offering promising avenues for advancing efficiency and sustainability in textile manufacturing.

本研究探讨了在超临界二氧化碳环境下,负载有 C.I. 分散红 60(DR60)的电纺聚乙烯醇(PVA)纳米纤维作为聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)织物染色剂的功效。含有 DR60 的 PVA 纳米纤维(DR60/NF-1)的制备涉及到含有水和二甲亚砜的纺丝溶液。分析表明,使用 DR60/NF-1 处理的 PET 织物的 K/S 值(8.51)明显高于使用 DR60 粉末处理的织物(3.19),因此染色织物的着色明显不同(ΔEab:17.77)。此外,与 DR60 粉剂(13.19 mg/g)(4%(o.w.f.))相比,DR60/NF-1 在 3%(o.w.f.)用量下对 PET 织物(15.07 mg/g)的染料吸收率更高。这些研究结果表明,在超临界二氧化碳条件下进行的 PET 织物染色过程中,负载 DR60 的 PVA 纳米纤维具有增强着色和染料吸收的潜力,为提高纺织品生产的效率和可持续性提供了广阔的前景。
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引用次数: 0
Kinetics and hydrothermal combustion characteristics of ethanol in supercritical water 乙醇在超临界水中的动力学和水热燃烧特性
IF 3.9 3区 工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2024.106291
Lingling Zhang , Jie Zhang , Hulin Li , Jianjun Feng , Xinyue Tian

Supercritical hydrothermal combustion is a novel, clean, and efficient combustion method. In this work, a mechanism-based kinetic model of ethanol appropriate for high-pressure hydrothermal environment was developed. Combined with theoretical analysis and continuous ignition experiments, the transient ignition process, ignition temperature, and extinction temperature were discussed. A turbulent combustion model coupling detailed kinetics was constructed to analyze the co-flow diffusion hydrothermal flame. It was found that the ethanol kinetic model can well predict the reaction process, critical ignition temperatures, extinction temperatures, and diffusion combustion process of hydrothermal combustion. The ignition temperatures of 2.40–5.72 wt% ethanol ranged between 500–390 °C, and OH was a significant ignition indicator. As an auxiliary fuel, ethanol is superior to methanol. During co-flow hydrothermal combustion, the interfacial reaction between fuel and oxidant in jet core area had an important influence, and the local high-temperature flame was mainly distributed near the downstream of fuel jet.

超临界水热燃烧是一种新型、清洁、高效的燃烧方法。本研究建立了适合高压水热环境的乙醇机理动力学模型。结合理论分析和连续点火实验,讨论了瞬态点火过程、点火温度和熄灭温度。构建了一个耦合了详细动力学的湍流燃烧模型来分析共流扩散热液火焰。研究发现,乙醇动力学模型可以很好地预测热液燃烧的反应过程、临界点火温度、熄灭温度和扩散燃烧过程。2.40-5.72 wt%乙醇的点火温度在 500-390 °C 之间,OH 是一个重要的点火指标。作为辅助燃料,乙醇优于甲醇。在共流水热燃烧过程中,燃料与氧化剂在射流核心区的界面反应具有重要影响,局部高温火焰主要分布在燃料射流下游附近。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Supercritical Fluids
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