Journal of Supercritical Fluids最新文献_第2页

Numerical study on the influence of equation of state on non-equilibrium condensation of CO2 in the Laval nozzle 状态方程对拉瓦尔喷嘴内CO2非平衡冷凝影响的数值研究

IF 4.4 3区工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Supercritical Fluids

Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2026.106923

Yuguang Chen, Zhiheng Wang, Guang Xi

This paper investigates the influence of equation of state (EOS) on the non-equilibrium condensation (NEC) phenomenon of CO₂ in the Laval nozzle. First, the NEC model based on droplet nucleation theory was established. Subsequently, a procedure for generating thermophysical property tables based on the SW EOS was developed, and full-property formulations for cubic EOSs (PR, RK, and SRK) were derived. All EOSs were implemented into the solver via C programming. The results demonstrate that, compared with the built-in EOS of the solver, the proposed property model incorporating full real gas effects exhibits superior predictive performance. The SW EOS is not adopted due to its poor prediction of the condensation onset location. The cubic EOSs yield similar results for subsonic condensation; however, for supersonic condensation occurring in the divergent section of the nozzle, the PR EOS and SRK EOS still predict unsatisfactory condensation onset locations. Therefore, this study ultimately recommends the use of the RK EOS for predicting NEC of CO₂, as it provides a balanced accuracy in predicting both the condensation onset location and the pressure distribution.

本文研究了状态方程（EOS）对CO2在拉瓦尔喷嘴内非平衡冷凝（NEC）现象的影响。首先，建立了基于液滴成核理论的NEC模型。随后，开发了基于SW EOS生成热物性表的程序，并推导了立方EOS （PR、RK和SRK）的全属性公式。所有eos都通过C编程实现到求解器中。结果表明，与求解器的内置EOS相比，考虑全真实气体效应的属性模型具有更好的预测性能。由于对凝结发生位置的预测较差，因此没有采用SW EOS。对于亚声速冷凝，三次EOSs得到了类似的结果；然而，对于发生在喷管发散段的超声速冷凝，PR - EOS和SRK - EOS预测的冷凝起始位置仍然不理想。因此，本研究最终建议使用RK EOS来预测CO2的NEC，因为它在预测冷凝发生位置和压力分布方面提供了平衡的准确性。

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引用次数: 0

Phase equilibria of solution mixture for allyl phenylacetate, amyl phenylacetate and benzyl phenylacetate systems under supercritical CO2 超临界CO2条件下苯乙酸丙烯基、苯乙酸戊基和苯乙酸苄酯体系溶液混合物的相平衡

IF 4.4 3区工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Supercritical Fluids

Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2026.106924

Uma Sankar Behera , Hakyeong Kim , Hun-Soo Byun

The growing industrial relevance of phenylacetate derivatives, driven by their unique properties and wide-ranging applications, underscores the importance of accurate vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data, particularly for separation processes using supercritical CO₂ as a sustainable solvent. This study investigates the phase behavior of binary systems composed of CO₂ with allyl, amyl, and benzyl phenylacetates over a temperature range of 313.2–393.2 K and pressures up to 24.97 MPa. Literature studies and thermodynamic databases such as DETHERM and DECHEMA indicate that phase equilibrium data for these systems under supercritical conditions have not been reported previously. The pressure–temperature profiles revealed that the critical mixture curves connect the critical points of the pure components, exhibiting Type-I behavior as described by van Konynenburg and Scott. In all three systems, increasing the phenylacetate concentration enhanced solubility and reduced system pressure at constant temperature. The experimental bubble point data were fitted using the Peng–Robinson equation of state (PR EoS) combined with the van der Waals one-fluid mixing rule. The binary interaction parameters were optimized for each system: allyl phenylacetate (k_ij = 0.040, η_ij = –0.040), amyl phenylacetate (k_ij = 0.055, η_ij = –0.045), and benzyl phenylacetate (k_ij = 0.040, η_ij = –0.050). The model demonstrated good agreement with the experimental measurements, yielding root mean square deviation (RMSD) values between 5.64 % and 8.86 % across all investigated systems and operating conditions.

由于其独特的性能和广泛的应用，苯乙酸酯衍生物的工业相关性日益增强，强调了准确的汽液平衡（VLE）数据的重要性，特别是对于使用超临界二氧化碳作为可持续溶剂的分离过程。在313.2-393.2 K的温度范围和24.97 MPa的压力范围内，研究了由CO2与苯乙酸烯丙基、戊基和苯乙酯组成的二元体系的相行为。文献研究和热力学数据库（如DETHERM和DECHEMA）表明，这些系统在超临界条件下的相平衡数据以前没有报道过。压力-温度曲线显示临界混合曲线连接纯组分的临界点，表现出van Konynenburg和Scott所描述的i型行为。在这三种体系中，恒定温度下，增加苯乙酸酯浓度可提高溶解度并降低体系压力。实验气泡点数据采用Peng-Robinson状态方程（PR EoS）结合范德华单流体混合规则进行拟合。优化了各体系的二元相互作用参数：苯乙酸烯丙基（kij = 0.040, ηij = -0.040）、苯乙酸戊基（kij = 0.055, ηij = -0.045）和苯乙酸苄基（kij = 0.040, ηij = -0.050）。该模型与实验测量结果吻合良好，在所有研究系统和操作条件下，均方根偏差（RMSD）值在5.64 %和8.86 %之间。

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引用次数: 0

Engineering Acyclovir-PVP coprecipitated microparticles obtained via different supercritical processes 不同超临界工艺制备的无环韦- pvp共沉淀微粒。

IF 4.4 3区工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Supercritical Fluids

Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2026.106922

Maria Chiara Iannaco, Stefania Mottola, Iolanda De Marco

Enhancing the release profile of poorly permeable drugs remains a major challenge in the pharmaceutical field. Coprecipitation with hydrophilic polymers offers a promising strategy to address this issue. The performance of drug delivery systems is largely influenced by particle size, shape, and distribution, critical factors for achieving controlled release and enhanced bioavailability. This study compares two micronization techniques, Supercritical Assisted Atomization (SAA) and Supercritical AntiSolvent (SAS) process, for the coprecipitation of the Acyclovir/Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) system. The effects of polymer-to-drug ratio and total solute concentration were evaluated with respect to particle morphology and size distribution. The thermal behavior, drug loading efficiency, and release profile of the coprecipitates were also examined. Spherical microparticles with a D₅₀ ranging from 0.54 to 0.93 μm and a D₉₀ below 1.7 μm, were successfully produced via SAA, while SAS yielded smaller particles, with D₅₀ between 0.35 and 0.68 μm and D₉₀ lower than 1.06 μm, indicating high sample uniformity. UV–vis analysis revealed high Acyclovir loading efficiencies for SAA microparticles (80–98 %), with slightly lower values for SAS (74–82 %). The in vitro release experiments showed that incorporating PVP markedly improved the drug’s release profile, supporting the effectiveness of supercritical processing methods in enhancing drug dissolution rate and potentially improving the bioavailability of compounds with permeability-limited absorption.

提高低渗透性药物的释放谱仍然是制药领域的主要挑战。与亲水性聚合物共沉淀为解决这一问题提供了一种很有前途的策略。药物传递系统的性能在很大程度上受颗粒大小、形状和分布的影响，这是实现控释和提高生物利用度的关键因素。本研究比较了超临界辅助雾化（SAA）和超临界反溶剂（SAS）两种微粉技术对阿昔洛韦/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）体系共沉淀的影响。聚合物-药物比和总溶质浓度对颗粒形态和大小分布的影响进行了评价。研究了共沉淀物的热行为、载药效率和释放特性。SAA法制备出了D50为0.54 ~ 0.93 μm、D90小于1.7 μm的球形微颗粒，而SAS法制备出了D50为0.35 ~ 0.68 μm、D90小于1.06 μm的球形微颗粒，样品均匀性较高。紫外-可见分析显示，SAA微粒的阿昔洛韦负载效率高（80-98 %），SAS微粒的负载效率略低（74-82 %）。体外释放实验表明，加入PVP明显改善了药物的释放谱，支持超临界处理方法在提高药物溶出率方面的有效性，并可能提高具有透性吸收限制的化合物的生物利用度。

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引用次数: 0

Two-stage flow reactions of α-pinene to p-cymene by combining subcritical and supercritical water 亚临界和超临界水结合α-蒎烯制备对伞花烃的两级流动反应

IF 4.4 3区工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Supercritical Fluids

Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2026.106920

Yumi Okita, Yoshito Oshima, Makoto Akizuki

Subcritical and supercritical water have attracted attention as tunable reaction media for organic reactions because their properties can be adjusted by controlling temperature and pressure. It is expected that the appropriate solvent properties will be used for each step of a multi-step reaction process by changing only the temperature and pressure. In this study, α-pinene was converted to p-cymene using a two-stage flow reactor where subcritical and supercritical water were used as solvents. The synthesis involved acid-catalyzed isomerization and oxidative dehydrogenation. For determining appropriate reaction conditions for acid-catalyzed isomerization with WO_X/TiO₂ as a solid catalyst (first stage) and oxidative dehydrogenation (second stage), the temperature, pressure, initial concentration of oxidant (second stage), and starting compound (second stage) for each stage were investigated. The results confirm that the maximum yield of p-cymene exceeded 0.4 when the first stage temperature was set to 250 °C or 300 °C; the second stage temperature was set to 400 °C, and the pressure for both stages was set to 30 MPa. This yield value was approximately twice as large compared to the yield values of p-cymene synthesized in a single-stage flow reactor in supercritical water at 400 °C and 30 MPa. The first stage involved ion-mediated reactions, while the second stage involved radical-mediated reactions. Since the reactivity of these reactions differs between subcritical and supercritical water, and the reactivity can be adjusted by pressure, combining subcritical and supercritical conditions in two-stage reactors increased the target product yield.

亚临界和超临界水作为有机反应的可调介质，由于其性质可以通过控制温度和压力来调节而备受关注。期望通过改变温度和压力，在多步反应过程的每一步都使用适当的溶剂性质。本研究以亚临界和超临界水为溶剂，采用两级流动反应器将α-蒎烯转化为对伞花烃。合成过程包括酸催化异构化和氧化脱氢。为了确定以WOX/TiO2为固体催化剂的酸催化异构化（第一阶段）和氧化脱氢（第二阶段）的适宜反应条件，研究了每一阶段的温度、压力、氧化剂的初始浓度（第二阶段）和起始化合物（第二阶段）。结果表明：第一段温度分别为250℃和300℃时，对伞花烃的最大产率均超过0.4；第二级温度设置为400℃，两级压力设置为30 MPa。该产率值约为超临界水中单级流反应器在400℃、30 MPa条件下合成对伞花烃产率值的两倍。第一阶段涉及离子介导反应，第二阶段涉及自由基介导反应。由于这些反应的反应活性在亚临界和超临界水中是不同的，并且反应活性可以通过压力来调节，因此在两级反应器中结合亚临界和超临界条件可以提高目标产物的产率。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic extraction technologies: A comprehensive review of EASCFE and its applications 协同萃取技术：EASCFE及其应用综述

IF 4.4 3区工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Supercritical Fluids

Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2026.106885

Rajanikanta Acharya , Mydavolu Sai Niharika , Divina Christopher, Anitha Anbalagan, Meenakshi Sundaram Muthuraman

EASCFE combines enzymatic hydrolysis with Supercritical Fluid Extraction, offering an innovative and environmentally friendly method for extracting valuable bioactive compounds from complex natural matrices. This comprehensive review explores the principles, mechanisms, and operational parameters governing EASCFE, with a focus on enzyme activity modulation and the role of supercritical CO₂ under varying extraction conditions. Special emphasis is placed on optimizing parameters such as temperature, pH, pressure, enzyme concentration, and the use of co-solvents to improve extraction efficiency. The review also highlights the broad applications of EASCFE, including the recovery of Essential Oils, polyphenols, pigments, lipids, vitamins, and other secondary metabolites. A comparison of traditional and novel extraction methods, such as Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction and Microwave-Assisted Extraction, emphasizes the benefits of EASCFE regarding selectivity, efficiency, and the preservation of compounds. By integrating enzymatic specificity with the unique solvating power of supercritical fluids, EASCFE emerges as a promising green extraction technology with considerable promise in the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical sectors. Future research directions focus on process scale-up, enzyme engineering, and the development of cost-effective industrial applications.

EASCFE将酶解与超临界流体萃取相结合，提供了一种创新和环保的方法，从复杂的天然基质中提取有价值的生物活性化合物。这篇综合综述探讨了EASCFE的原理、机制和操作参数，重点是酶活性调节和超临界CO2在不同提取条件下的作用。特别强调的是优化参数，如温度，pH值，压力，酶浓度，并使用共溶剂，以提高提取效率。综述还强调了EASCFE的广泛应用，包括精油、多酚、色素、脂质、维生素和其他次生代谢物的回收。比较了传统和新型的提取方法，如超声辅助提取和微波辅助提取，强调了EASCFE在选择性、效率和化合物保存方面的优势。通过将酶的特异性与超临界流体的独特溶剂化能力相结合，EASCFE成为一种有前途的绿色萃取技术，在食品、制药和营养保健领域具有相当大的前景。未来的研究方向将集中在工艺放大、酶工程和开发具有成本效益的工业应用上。

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引用次数: 0

A supercritical carbon dioxide pre-isothermal crystallization foaming strategy for lightweight TPU/PLA composite foam with enhanced compressive strength and elasticity 提高抗压强度和弹性的轻质TPU/PLA复合泡沫的超临界二氧化碳预等温结晶发泡策略

IF 4.4 3区工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Supercritical Fluids

Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2026.106921

Huazhen Jiang, Panfeng Shao, Guangxian Li, Xia Liao

Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) foam has extensively application in vibration damping, sport protective materials and other fields due to excellent elasticity and lightweight properties. The advantages of non-toxicity, low cost and non-combustibility, resulting from the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) foaming, have emerged as a desirable method for producing TPU foam compared to traditional chemical foaming. However, the TPU foam produced by scCO₂ foaming will shrink severely, which seriously limits the applications of TPU foam. Therefore, a strategy to regulate the matrix strength of TPU by adding a second PLA phase and to control the crystallization behavior through pre-isothermal crystallization was proposed to control the foaming behavior of the TPU/PLA blend in this research. The results showed that the cell structure can be optimized and the final expansion ratio can be improved obviously by pre-isothermal crystallization foaming with the best final expansion ratio of 11.6 times. Moreover, the mechanism of shrink behavior was verified by Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW) model. In addition, the maximum stress and energy loss ecoefficiency of TPU/PLA foam can also be optimized by pre-isothermal crystallization foaming due to the uniform cell structure and increased crystallinity. This paper provides a new approach to produce a high expansion ratio TPU foam with satisfactory cyclic compressive properties.

热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）泡沫由于其优异的弹性和轻质性能，在减振、运动防护材料等领域有着广泛的应用。与传统化学发泡相比，超临界二氧化碳（scCO2）发泡具有无毒、低成本和不可燃的优点，已成为生产TPU泡沫的理想方法。然而，scCO2发泡生产的TPU泡沫会严重收缩，严重限制了TPU泡沫的应用。因此，本研究提出了通过加入第二PLA相调节TPU基体强度和通过预等温结晶控制结晶行为的策略来控制TPU/PLA共混物的发泡行为。结果表明，采用预等温结晶发泡可以优化晶胞结构，明显提高终膨胀比，最佳终膨胀比为11.6倍。利用Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts （KWW）模型验证了其收缩机理。此外，由于胞体结构均匀，结晶度提高，采用预等温结晶发泡也可以优化TPU/PLA泡沫的最大应力和能量损失生态效率。本文为制备具有良好循环压缩性能的高膨胀比TPU泡沫材料提供了一条新途径。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical assessment of scale-up criteria in a wall-cooled reactor for hydrogen combustion in supercritical water 超临界水中氢燃烧壁冷堆放大准则的数值评定

IF 4.4 3区工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Supercritical Fluids

Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2026.106919

Mingjing Fan, Xiaoge Zhang, Yu Zhang, Haoze Wang, Hao Wang, Youjun Lu

A laboratory-scale wall-cooled reactor for hydrogen hydrothermal combustion was scaled up by factors of 10 and 100 using four scale-up criteria: constant velocity (CV), constant residence time (CRT), constant volume to jet momentum ratio (CM), and constant volume to jet kinetic energy ratio (CK). Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were then conducted to evaluate the performance of the scaled reactors. The results show that the overall flow field is predominantly controlled by the momentum ratio of the multiple jets, rather than the nozzle’s internal flow regime, specifically the Reynolds number. Reactor scale-up weakens radial jet diffusion, slightly reducing local fuel–oxidizer mixing and suppressing the radial transport of high-temperature combustion products. The global residence time follows the order CV > CK > CM > CRT, consistent with reactor volume changes induced by scale-up. The peak temperature along the centerline exhibits a slight decrease and shifts downstream with increasing reactor size, due to reduced entrainment and weakened radial momentum exchange. Wall temperatures decrease under the CV criterion but increase under CRT, CM, and CK, reflecting the combined effects of heat transfer area per unit heat load and local fuel–oxidizer mixing intensity. Species concentrations in the reactor core remain nearly constant, with scale-up effects only marginally observed in the cooling water layer near the wall. The CV criterion is recommended for scaling up hydrothermal combustion, as it reduces peak and wall temperatures, thereby lowering material performance requirements for large-scale reactors.

采用恒速度（CV）、恒停留时间（CRT）、恒体积与射流动量比（CM）和恒体积与射流动能比（CK） 4个放大标准，对实验室规模的壁冷式氢水热燃烧反应器进行了10倍和100倍的放大。然后进行了计算流体力学（CFD）模拟，以评估规模化反应器的性能。结果表明，整个流场主要由多个射流的动量比控制，而不是由喷嘴内部流型，特别是雷诺数控制。反应器放大减弱了径向射流扩散，略微降低了局部燃料-氧化剂混合，抑制了高温燃烧产物的径向输运。总体停留时间遵循CV >； CK > CM >； CRT的顺序，与放大引起的反应器体积变化一致。随着反应器尺寸的增大，由于夹带的减少和径向动量交换的减弱，沿中心线的峰值温度呈现出轻微的下降并向下游移动。CV条件下壁温降低，而CRT、CM和CK条件下壁温升高，反映了单位热负荷换热面积和局部燃料-氧化剂混合强度的综合作用。反应堆堆芯的物质浓度几乎保持不变，在靠近堆壁的冷却水层中只略微观察到放大效应。CV标准被推荐用于扩大水热燃烧，因为它降低了峰值和壁温，从而降低了大型反应器的材料性能要求。

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引用次数: 0

Material selection strategy against high-temperature high-pressure Cl/CO2-containing corrosive environment 高温高压含Cl/ co2腐蚀环境下的材料选择策略

IF 4.4 3区工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Supercritical Fluids

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2026.106918

Bihui Wang , Weikai Yi , Xuefei Gao , Xinyu Hu , Kaiyang Li

This study evaluated the corrosion behavior of seven metallic materials in a CO₂-saturated aqueous solution (150°C, 30 MPa) with Cl^- concentrations ranging from 7000 to 100,000 mg/L. Most materials exhibited severe corrosion at Cl^- concentrations ≥ 50,000 mg/L. Super-13Cr showed significant weight loss, accompanied by surface Cr-rich oxides spallation and substrate dissolution. Cross-sectional analysis revealed a porous double-layer structure (Cr₂O₃-rich outer layer and Fe-Cr oxide inner layer) in Super-13Cr. 316 L and duplex stainless steels exhibited pitting corrosion, with 2507 demonstrating superior resistance to pitting. The number of spherical TiO₂ particles on the titanium alloy surface increased with rising Cl^- concentration. Nickel-based alloys maintained a metallic luster at low Cl^- concentrations but exhibited differential behavior at high Cl^- concentrations: Alloy 625 showed severe localized corrosion, while Alloy 718 formed a uniform, light yellow film. Increased Cr and Mo content in the alloy promotes the formation of a thin and stable Cr₂O₃ layer. However, excessively high Mo content accelerates the Fe dissolution, leading to the formation of Cr-O phases.

本研究评估了7种金属材料在二氧化碳饱和水溶液（150°C, 30 MPa）中Cl-浓度从7000到100,000 mg/L的腐蚀行为。当Cl浓度≥ 50,000 mg/L时，大多数材料表现出严重的腐蚀。Super-13Cr表现出明显的失重现象，并伴有表面富cr氧化物的剥落和基体的溶解。横截面分析显示Super-13Cr为多孔双层结构（外层富cr2o3，内层Fe-Cr氧化物）。316 L和双相不锈钢表现出点蚀，2507表现出更好的抗点蚀能力。随着Cl-浓度的升高，钛合金表面的TiO2球形颗粒数量增加。镍基合金在低Cl浓度下保持金属光泽，但在高Cl浓度下表现出不同的行为：Alloy 625表现出严重的局部腐蚀，而Alloy 718形成均匀的淡黄色膜。合金中Cr和Mo含量的增加促进了薄而稳定的Cr2O3层的形成。过高的Mo含量加速了Fe的溶解，导致Cr-O相的形成。

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引用次数: 0

Green preparation of polyvinyl chloride/epoxy resin blend foams using supercritical CO2 超临界CO2绿色制备聚氯乙烯/环氧树脂共混泡沫

IF 4.4 3区工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Supercritical Fluids

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2026.106916

Xuelin Zhang, Xiulu Gao, Qiyuan He, Haonan Chen, Yichong Chen, Ling Zhao, Dongdong Hu

This study utilized the environmentally friendly plasticizer epoxidized soybean oil as a phthalate alternative and implemented a plasticization-curing-reinforcement strategy via epoxy resin to systematically examine the processing characteristics and supercritical carbon dioxide foaming behavior of a polyvinyl chloride/epoxy resin (PVC/EP) blend system. The incorporation of EP significantly improves the flowability and accelerates the fusion (gelation) process of PVC. The appropriate EP content reduces the complex viscosity of PVC/EP blends and enhances the processability due to the plasticization effect. After EP curing, the tensile properties of PVC/EP blends are enhanced. When the EP content reaches 20 %, the elongation at break of cured PVC/EP blend increases from 11 % to 218 %, while the tensile strength remains comparable to that of pure PVC, collectively resulting in an effective toughening effect. The plasticization effect of EP improves the foaming behavior of PVC/EP blends. When the EP content is 20 %, the cell morphology of PVC/EP blend foam is optimized and the expansion ratio is significantly increased from 5 times to 15 times. Cured PVC/EP blend foam exhibits excellent compressive properties and thermal stability. Compared to pure PVC foam, the compressive modulus, compressive strength, and initial thermal decomposition temperature increased by 340.2 %, 47.8 %, and 36 °C, respectively. This work presents a feasible strategy for producing environmentally friendly, high-performance PVC foams through EP blending and CO₂ foaming.

本研究采用环保型增塑剂环氧大豆油作为邻苯二甲酸酯的替代品，并通过环氧树脂实施增塑化-固化-增强策略，系统地研究了聚氯乙烯/环氧树脂（PVC/EP）共混体系的加工特性和超临界二氧化碳发泡行为。EP的掺入显著改善了PVC的流动性，加速了PVC的融合（凝胶）过程。适当的EP含量降低了PVC/EP共混物的复合粘度，并由于塑化作用提高了加工性能。EP固化后，PVC/EP共混物的拉伸性能得到提高。当EP含量达到20 %时，固化后的PVC/EP共混物的断裂伸长率由11 %提高到218 %，而拉伸强度仍与纯PVC相当，整体增韧效果良好。EP的增塑作用改善了PVC/EP共混物的发泡性能。当EP含量为20 %时，优化了PVC/EP共混泡沫的细胞形态，膨胀率从5倍显著提高到15倍。固化PVC/EP共混泡沫具有优异的抗压性能和热稳定性。与纯PVC泡沫相比，抗压模量、抗压强度和初始热分解温度分别提高了340.2 %、47.8 %和36℃。本研究提出了一种通过EP共混和CO2发泡生产环保型高性能PVC泡沫的可行策略。

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引用次数: 0

Sequential supercritical and pressurized liquid extraction of flavonoids from Astragalus membranaceus: Optimizing yield and preserving glycoside integrity 连续超临界和加压液体提取黄芪黄酮：优化得率和保持糖苷完整性

IF 4.4 3区工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Supercritical Fluids

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2026.106917

Marie Sajfrtová , Helena Sovová , Naděžda Vrchotová , Jan Tříska , Roman Pavela

The root of Astragalus membranaceus (AR), one of the most popular Chinese herbal medicines, is used to treat various diseases. Flavonoids (FL), both glycosides and aglycons, belong to its biologically active components. The purpose of the research was to examine the effect of AR sequential extraction on the yield of flavonoids and their composition in extracts. Two high-pressure extraction methods were applied, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). Ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate and water were used as CO₂ modifiers and solvents. The complete succession of applied extraction solvents was neat supercritical CO₂, modified CO₂, pressurized organic solvent and overheated water. The PLE results show an increasing yield of FL with increasing modifier polarity from ethyl acetate to ethanol and methanol, and then a decrease for water. The maximum yield of FL, 9.1 mg/100 g AR, was provided by PLE with ethanol at 120 °C and 10 MPa. Similar was the relationship between solvent power of CO₂ modifiers and their polarity in SFE, but the yield of FL was an order of magnitude lower. Thus, according to the FL yield, there was practically no difference between a simple PLE and more complicated sequential extraction SFE, PLE. A marked difference was however in the glycosides-to-aglycons ratio, which was higher in sequential extraction. It is hypothesized that water residue in AR is removed by SFE, preventing thus hydrolysis of glycosides during the following PLE.

黄芪（Astragalus aceus， AR）的根是最受欢迎的中草药之一，用于治疗各种疾病。黄酮类化合物（Flavonoids， FL）是一种具有生物活性的成分，可分为糖苷类和糖苷类。本研究的目的是考察AR序贯提取对黄酮类化合物得率及其组成的影响。采用了超临界流体萃取（SFE）和加压液体萃取（PLE）两种高压萃取方法。采用乙醇、甲醇、乙酸乙酯和水作为CO2的改性剂和溶剂。萃取溶剂依次为纯超临界CO2、改性CO2、加压有机溶剂和过热水。PLE结果表明，随着改性剂极性的增加，从乙酸乙酯到乙醇和甲醇的收率增加，然后对水的收率降低。在120°C、10 MPa条件下，乙醇萃取的最大得率为9.1 mg/100 g AR。在SFE中，CO2改性剂的溶剂功率与其极性之间的关系类似，但FL的产率要低一个数量级。因此，从FL得率来看，简单的PLE和更复杂的顺序提取SFE， PLE几乎没有区别。然而，在糖苷与糖苷的比例上存在显著差异，顺序提取的糖苷与糖苷的比例更高。假设AR中的水残渣被SFE除去，从而在接下来的PLE中防止糖苷水解。

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引用次数: 0