This work aims to prepare biodegradable poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)/thermoplastic polyamide elastomer (TPAE) foam with excellent mechanical properties after blending and chain extension. The results showed that the introduction of TPAE increased the foaming temperature of the PBAT/TPAE blend foams, improved the foaming performance, reduced the shrinkage, and enhanced the compressive stress. The stable expansion ratio of PBAT/TPAE10 increased to 15.2 at 110 ℃, and the shrinkage ratio just reached 54.9 %. The energy loss coefficient of PBAT/TPAE at a high expansion ratio of 10 is 7.8 %. The resilience of PBAT/TPAE20 reached 61.3 % at an expansion ratio of 14.
{"title":"Green preparation of lightweight and elastic poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/thermoplastic polyamide elastomer composite foams","authors":"Xuelin Zhang, Peiying Yue, Xiulu Gao, Yichong Chen, Ling Zhao, Dongdong Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work aims to prepare biodegradable poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)/thermoplastic polyamide elastomer (TPAE) foam with excellent mechanical properties after blending and chain extension. The results showed that the introduction of TPAE increased the foaming temperature of the PBAT/TPAE blend foams, improved the foaming performance, reduced the shrinkage, and enhanced the compressive stress. The stable expansion ratio of PBAT/TPAE10 increased to 15.2 at 110 ℃, and the shrinkage ratio just reached 54.9 %. The energy loss coefficient of PBAT/TPAE at a high expansion ratio of 10 is 7.8 %. The resilience of PBAT/TPAE20 reached 61.3 % at an expansion ratio of 14.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 106635"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The supercritical CO2 biomass gasification technology can both reduce CO2 to produce CO gas and efficiently utilize biomass energy. This study employs a supersonic nozzle to achieve clean separation of gas products from supercritical CO2 biomass gasification, enabling CO2 recycling and reducing the cost of further CO purification. Numerical simulation results indicate that the inlet conditions of the nozzle significantly affect the gas-liquid phase transition of the mixed gas, allowing for the recovery of approximately 0.065 mass fraction of CO2. The shape of the nozzle's convergent section has negligible influence on the phase transition of the gas, whereas increasing the length of the divergent section effectively enhances the recovery of CO2 at the outlet by promoting droplet growth. Variations in the composition of the mixed gas have a certain impact on the number of droplets formed during the phase transition, but the overall effect on the condensation process is minor.
{"title":"Numerical simulation of clean separation through gas-liquid phase transition of gas products from biomass gasification in supercritical CO2 using a supersonic nozzle","authors":"Hongtu Wu , Yimeng Wei , Zhiheng Huang , Qingang Xiong , Hui Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> biomass gasification technology can both reduce CO<sub>2</sub> to produce CO gas and efficiently utilize biomass energy. This study employs a supersonic nozzle to achieve clean separation of gas products from supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> biomass gasification, enabling CO<sub>2</sub> recycling and reducing the cost of further CO purification. Numerical simulation results indicate that the inlet conditions of the nozzle significantly affect the gas-liquid phase transition of the mixed gas, allowing for the recovery of approximately 0.065 mass fraction of CO<sub>2</sub>. The shape of the nozzle's convergent section has negligible influence on the phase transition of the gas, whereas increasing the length of the divergent section effectively enhances the recovery of CO<sub>2</sub> at the outlet by promoting droplet growth. Variations in the composition of the mixed gas have a certain impact on the number of droplets formed during the phase transition, but the overall effect on the condensation process is minor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 106636"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-17DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106634
Daniel Hastenpflug , Natália Feijó Lopes , Giovanni dos Santos Batista , Jairo José de Oliveira Andrade , Eleani Maria da Costa
In this study the individual effects of water/binder (0.44, 0.35, 0.30, and 0.25), polycarboxylate superplasticizer- PCE (0.07 wt%, 0.14 wt%, and 0.21 wt%), defoamer-DF (0.5 % and 1 %), and silica fume-SF (10 wt%, 15 wt%, and 20 wt%) admixtures in oil well cement Class G properties were investigated before and after exposure to CO2 under high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) of 150 bar and 70°C. Spread diameter, compressive strength, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used for characterization. Moreover, the microstructure of the samples was observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results reveal that the w/b ratio is a crucial factor for improving cement paste properties, with lower ratios resulting in lower porosity (higher carbonation resistance) and higher compressive strength. PCE enhances dispersion and cohesion, with optimal results achieved at a low w/b ratio (0.25). Although high dosages of PCE increased carbonation depth, they significantly improved the workability. DF reduces air incorporation, increasing cement matrix density, compressive strength, and resistance against CO2 attack. SF significantly improves mechanical properties and microstructure, especially at higher addition levels. However, as SF is added, the higher the carbonation depth. Additionally, the synergistic behavior of additives was evaluated after determining the optimum value for each one. The optimal mixture with the lowest water/binder ratio and highest PCE, DF and SF amounts achieved improved properties in the hardened state with good slurry workability. It also provided the lowest carbonation depth under geological carbon storage conditions.
{"title":"Performance of oil well cements before and after being exposed to supercritical CO2: Evaluation of combined chemical additives","authors":"Daniel Hastenpflug , Natália Feijó Lopes , Giovanni dos Santos Batista , Jairo José de Oliveira Andrade , Eleani Maria da Costa","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study the individual effects of water/binder (0.44, 0.35, 0.30, and 0.25), polycarboxylate superplasticizer- PCE (0.07 wt%, 0.14 wt%, and 0.21 wt%), defoamer-DF (0.5 % and 1 %), and silica fume-SF (10 wt%, 15 wt%, and 20 wt%) admixtures in oil well cement Class G properties were investigated before and after exposure to CO<sub>2</sub> under high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) of 150 bar and 70°C. Spread diameter, compressive strength, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used for characterization. Moreover, the microstructure of the samples was observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results reveal that the w/b ratio is a crucial factor for improving cement paste properties, with lower ratios resulting in lower porosity (higher carbonation resistance) and higher compressive strength. PCE enhances dispersion and cohesion, with optimal results achieved at a low w/b ratio (0.25). Although high dosages of PCE increased carbonation depth, they significantly improved the workability. DF reduces air incorporation, increasing cement matrix density, compressive strength, and resistance against CO<sub>2</sub> attack. SF significantly improves mechanical properties and microstructure, especially at higher addition levels. However, as SF is added, the higher the carbonation depth. Additionally, the synergistic behavior of additives was evaluated after determining the optimum value for each one. The optimal mixture with the lowest water/binder ratio and highest PCE, DF and SF amounts achieved improved properties in the hardened state with good slurry workability. It also provided the lowest carbonation depth under geological carbon storage conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 106634"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-16DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106621
Yago A.A. Bernardo , Riccardo Zulli , Pietro Andrigo , Fabio Santi , Denes K.A. Do Rosario , Alessandro Zambon , Sara Spilimbergo , Carlos A. Conte-Junior
This study explores and optimises the innovative supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) drying process for tuna fillets (Thunnnus albacares), offering a sustainable alternative for food preservation. Using a central composite rotatable design (CCRD), we assessed the effect of drying time (120–360 min), temperature (35–45°C), and flow rate (15–25 kg/h) at 10 MPa on key quality attributes: moisture content, water activity (aw), rehydration capacity (RC), pH, and total colour difference (ΔE). Our findings indicated that drying time and CO2 flow rate are the main factors affecting the water content. Drying time and flow rate significantly reduced moisture content and aw, while RC improved with prolonged time and higher flow rates. Despite increases in pH (from 6.01 to 6.405) and ΔE (23.51) due to the treatment, these changes did not compromise the product’s overall quality. Optimal drying parameters were determined as 377.2 min, 39.7 °C, and 27.3 kg/h, with subsequent confirmatory experiments using three different conditions validating the moisture model. However, spectroscopy and microscopy analyses indicated potential lipid and protein oxidation related to the CO2 flow rate, highlighting avenues for future research to refine this promising drying technique.
{"title":"Modelling and optimization of supercritical CO2 drying of tuna (Thunnus albacares) fillets: Unraveling physicochemical and structural changes","authors":"Yago A.A. Bernardo , Riccardo Zulli , Pietro Andrigo , Fabio Santi , Denes K.A. Do Rosario , Alessandro Zambon , Sara Spilimbergo , Carlos A. Conte-Junior","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores and optimises the innovative supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO<sub>2</sub>) drying process for tuna fillets (<em>Thunnnus albacares</em>), offering a sustainable alternative for food preservation. Using a central composite rotatable design (CCRD), we assessed the effect of drying time (120–360 min), temperature (35–45°C), and flow rate (15–25 kg/h) at 10 MPa on key quality attributes: moisture content, water activity (a<sub>w</sub>), rehydration capacity (RC), pH, and total colour difference (ΔE). Our findings indicated that drying time and CO<sub>2</sub> flow rate are the main factors affecting the water content. Drying time and flow rate significantly reduced moisture content and a<sub>w</sub>, while RC improved with prolonged time and higher flow rates. Despite increases in pH (from 6.01 to 6.405) and ΔE (23.51) due to the treatment, these changes did not compromise the product’s overall quality. Optimal drying parameters were determined as 377.2 min, 39.7 °C, and 27.3 kg/h, with subsequent confirmatory experiments using three different conditions validating the moisture model. However, spectroscopy and microscopy analyses indicated potential lipid and protein oxidation related to the CO<sub>2</sub> flow rate, highlighting avenues for future research to refine this promising drying technique.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 106621"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-14DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106631
Elena Barbera , Andrea Guarise , Alberto Bertucco , Randy L. Maglinao , Sandeep Kumar
This work aims at preliminary evaluating the techno-economic feasibility of a biolubricant production process starting from lignin and waste cooking oil, to be integrated in a lignocellulosic biorefinery. A phenyl-branched FAMEs mixture is obtained, which exhibit improved lubricity and oxidative stability compared to standard FAMEs-based biolubricants. The product is obtained exploiting aromatic hydrocarbons from lignin, generated via hydrothermal liquefaction followed by selective hydrodeoxygenation. The economic analysis compares the minimum ethanol selling price (MESP) of a generic U.S. biorefinery processing 2000 tonne/day of corn stover with and without the integration of biolubricant production. Results indicate potential improvement in the biorefinery economic performance, with MESP decreasing from $0.798/L in the reference case (ethanol production only) to $0.697/L when the biolubricant process is included. Reduction in the price of waste cooking oil improves the performances, although the biolubricant selling price has a large impact on the economic profitability of the process.
{"title":"Lignin valorization in biorefineries: A techno-economic analysis of a novel process for biolubricant production from lignin and waste cooking oil","authors":"Elena Barbera , Andrea Guarise , Alberto Bertucco , Randy L. Maglinao , Sandeep Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work aims at preliminary evaluating the techno-economic feasibility of a biolubricant production process starting from lignin and waste cooking oil, to be integrated in a lignocellulosic biorefinery. A phenyl-branched FAMEs mixture is obtained, which exhibit improved lubricity and oxidative stability compared to standard FAMEs-based biolubricants. The product is obtained exploiting aromatic hydrocarbons from lignin, generated via hydrothermal liquefaction followed by selective hydrodeoxygenation. The economic analysis compares the minimum ethanol selling price (MESP) of a generic U.S. biorefinery processing 2000 tonne/day of corn stover with and without the integration of biolubricant production. Results indicate potential improvement in the biorefinery economic performance, with MESP decreasing from $0.798/L in the reference case (ethanol production only) to $0.697/L when the biolubricant process is included. Reduction in the price of waste cooking oil improves the performances, although the biolubricant selling price has a large impact on the economic profitability of the process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 106631"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-05DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106605
Lishen He , Chen Zhang , Ke Hu , Yutong Zhu
Both experimental and theoretical studies of drug solubility in supercritical CO2 are essential for optimizing supercritical techniques in pharmaceutical formulation. This study explores the solubility of Chlorothiazide and Chloroquine, two drugs with low solubility and bioavailability, in supercritical CO₂ using various theoretical models, including empirical models, a non-cubic equation of state (PC-SAFT), a recently developed expanded liquid model proposed by Sodeifian, the regular solution model, and artificial neural network method (ANN). The reliability of these models in predicting and analyzing the solubility of the desired drugs in supercritical CO2 is validated by comparing their results with experimental data previously recorded at temperatures between 308 K to 338 K and pressures ranging from 130 bar to 290 bar for Chlorothiazide and 120 bar to 400 bar for Chloroquine. The study found that all empirical and thermodynamic models provided satisfactory accuracy in correlating the solubility of both drugs, with AARD values below 10 %. For Chlorothiazide, the most accurate models were the empirical models (AARD%= 1.78–2.72), followed by PC-SAFT (AARD% = 5.23), the Sodeifian model (AARD% = 8.257), and the regular solution model (AARD% = 9.77–10.9). For Chloroquine, the ranking was slightly different, with PC-SAFT (AARD% = 4.15) performing the best, followed by the empirical models (AARD% = 7.1–8.3), the Sodeifian model (AARD% = 7.94), and the regular solution model (AARD% = 8.03–9.74). Moreover, the ANN-based multilayer perceptron (MLP), trained using Bayesian Regularization and Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation, achieved exceptional accuracy, with over 99 % of predictions closely matching the experimental solubility data in supercritical CO2.
{"title":"Theoretical understanding of pharmaceutics solubility in supercritical CO2: Thermodynamic modeling and machine learning study","authors":"Lishen He , Chen Zhang , Ke Hu , Yutong Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Both experimental and theoretical studies of drug solubility in supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> are essential for optimizing supercritical techniques in pharmaceutical formulation. This study explores the solubility of Chlorothiazide and Chloroquine, two drugs with low solubility and bioavailability, in supercritical CO₂ using various theoretical models, including empirical models, a non-cubic equation of state (PC-SAFT), a recently developed expanded liquid model proposed by Sodeifian, the regular solution model, and artificial neural network method (ANN). The reliability of these models in predicting and analyzing the solubility of the desired drugs in supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> is validated by comparing their results with experimental data previously recorded at temperatures between 308 K to 338 K and pressures ranging from 130 bar to 290 bar for Chlorothiazide and 120 bar to 400 bar for Chloroquine. The study found that all empirical and thermodynamic models provided satisfactory accuracy in correlating the solubility of both drugs, with <em>AARD</em> values below 10 %. For Chlorothiazide, the most accurate models were the empirical models (<em>AARD</em>%= 1.78–2.72), followed by PC-SAFT (<em>AARD</em>% = 5.23), the Sodeifian model (<em>AARD</em>% = 8.257), and the regular solution model (<em>AARD</em>% = 9.77–10.9). For Chloroquine, the ranking was slightly different, with PC-SAFT (<em>AARD</em>% = 4.15) performing the best, followed by the empirical models (<em>AARD</em>% = 7.1–8.3), the Sodeifian model (<em>AARD</em>% = 7.94), and the regular solution model (<em>AARD</em>% = 8.03–9.74). Moreover, the ANN-based multilayer perceptron (MLP), trained using Bayesian Regularization and Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation, achieved exceptional accuracy, with over 99 % of predictions closely matching the experimental solubility data in supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 106605"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-05DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106609
Amanda Mellissa Bezerra Oliveira , Aureliano Agostinho Dias Meirelles , Francisco Manuel Barrales , Arthur Luiz Baião Dias , Luiz Henrique Fasolin , Juliane Viganó , Julian Martínez
The recovery of bioactive compounds from spent hops from dry-hopping was obtained by pressurized liquid (PLE) and supercritical fluids (SFE) with cosolvent. PLE was performed at 10 MPa, with 50, 75, and 100 wt% ethanol in water at 70, 90, and 110 °C. SFE was performed using carbon dioxide with 10 wt% ethanol at 15, 25, and 35 MPa, and 40, 50, and 60 °C. The extracts were evaluated in terms of global yield, total reducing capacity (TRC), antioxidant capacity (ORAC), and content of target compounds. Temperature had little influence on the PLE results, except for α-acids, which were converted to iso-α-acids at 110 °C. The solvent composition impacted TRC, with 75 % ethanol being more efficient in extracting phenolic compounds (30.31 ± 2.86 mg GAE/g spent hops at 110 °C). The kinetics of PLE showed that most compounds are rapidly extracted in the first 6 min. In SFE, pressure was the most important factor, with 25 MPa and 60 °C being the most effective condition (36.21 ± 1.77 % global yield). Higher pressures and temperatures led to the co-extraction of undesired compounds, reducing α- and β-acid yields. The kinetics SFE curves exhibited a similar pattern to those of PLE, revealing that most compounds were quickly recovered in the first 6–7 min. Spent hops from dry-hopping are a promising source of xanthohumol and α- and β-acids, with high antioxidant capacity and potential applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
{"title":"Rapid extraction of xanthohumol, α- and β-acids from spent hops using pressurized liquids and supercritical fluids","authors":"Amanda Mellissa Bezerra Oliveira , Aureliano Agostinho Dias Meirelles , Francisco Manuel Barrales , Arthur Luiz Baião Dias , Luiz Henrique Fasolin , Juliane Viganó , Julian Martínez","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recovery of bioactive compounds from spent hops from dry-hopping was obtained by pressurized liquid (PLE) and supercritical fluids (SFE) with cosolvent. PLE was performed at 10 MPa, with 50, 75, and 100 wt% ethanol in water at 70, 90, and 110 °C. SFE was performed using carbon dioxide with 10 wt% ethanol at 15, 25, and 35 MPa, and 40, 50, and 60 °C. The extracts were evaluated in terms of global yield, total reducing capacity (TRC), antioxidant capacity (ORAC), and content of target compounds. Temperature had little influence on the PLE results, except for α-acids, which were converted to iso-α-acids at 110 °C. The solvent composition impacted TRC, with 75 % ethanol being more efficient in extracting phenolic compounds (30.31 ± 2.86 mg GAE/g spent hops at 110 °C). The kinetics of PLE showed that most compounds are rapidly extracted in the first 6 min. In SFE, pressure was the most important factor, with 25 MPa and 60 °C being the most effective condition (36.21 ± 1.77 % global yield). Higher pressures and temperatures led to the co-extraction of undesired compounds, reducing α- and β-acid yields. The kinetics SFE curves exhibited a similar pattern to those of PLE, revealing that most compounds were quickly recovered in the first 6–7 min. Spent hops from dry-hopping are a promising source of xanthohumol and α- and β-acids, with high antioxidant capacity and potential applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 106609"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-04DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106613
Laura Jūrienė, Renata Baranauskienė, Jovita Jovaišaitė, Audrius Pukalskas, Petras Rimantas Venskutonis
Distillation has been widely applied for the recovery of Tagetes patula L. essential oil, while fractional supercritical fluid extraction of this plant with carbon dioxide (SFE-CO2) remains underexplored and data on the volatiles and phytochemicals in CO2 extracts have not been reported. This study investigated the fractionation of T. patula flowers using supercritical CO2, with initial extraction at lower pressure (10 MPa, 40°C; SFE-CO2-I) followed by further extraction at higher pressure (45 MPa, 50°C; SFE-CO2-II). Essential oil obtained by hydro-distillation contained the most volatiles, followed by SFE-CO2-I, while SFE-CO2-II was a poor volatile source. Higher pressure yielded 1.25–2.9 times less phytosterols, tocopherols, and unsaturated fatty acids compared to lower pressure, but was more effective for plant pigment (chlorophylls, carotenoids) extraction. The results demonstrate that different lipophilic compound classes in T. patula flowers can be selectively concentrated at varying pressures, highlighting the potential of SFE-CO2 fractionation.
蒸馏法已被广泛地应用于田七（Tagetes patula L.）精油的回收，而用二氧化碳对这种植物进行分馏超临界流体萃取（SFE-CO2）的研究仍显不足，有关 CO2 萃取物中挥发性物质和植物化学物质的数据也未见报道。本研究调查了使用超临界二氧化碳对 T. patula 花进行分馏的情况，初始萃取压力较低（10 兆帕、40°C；SFE-CO2-I），随后在较高压力下进一步萃取（45 兆帕、50°C；SFE-CO2-II）。通过水力蒸馏获得的精油含有最多的挥发性物质，其次是 SFE-CO2-I，而 SFE-CO2-II 的挥发性较差。与低压相比，高压提取的植物甾醇、生育酚和不饱和脂肪酸的含量要少 1.25-2.9 倍，但对植物色素（叶绿素、类胡萝卜素）的提取更有效。结果表明，在不同的压力下，可以选择性地浓缩斑鸠菊花中的不同亲脂性化合物类别，凸显了 SFE-CO2 分馏的潜力。
{"title":"Fractionation of lipophilic compounds of Tagetes patula flowers by using consecutive 2-step extraction with different CO2 densities","authors":"Laura Jūrienė, Renata Baranauskienė, Jovita Jovaišaitė, Audrius Pukalskas, Petras Rimantas Venskutonis","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Distillation has been widely applied for the recovery of <em>Tagetes patula</em> L. essential oil, while fractional supercritical fluid extraction of this plant with carbon dioxide (SFE-CO<sub>2</sub>) remains underexplored and data on the volatiles and phytochemicals in CO<sub>2</sub> extracts have not been reported. This study investigated the fractionation of <em>T. patula</em> flowers using supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>, with initial extraction at lower pressure (10 MPa, 40°C; SFE-CO<sub>2</sub>-I) followed by further extraction at higher pressure (45 MPa, 50°C; SFE-CO<sub>2</sub>-II). Essential oil obtained by hydro-distillation contained the most volatiles, followed by SFE-CO<sub>2</sub>-I, while SFE-CO<sub>2</sub>-II was a poor volatile source. Higher pressure yielded 1.25–2.9 times less phytosterols, tocopherols, and unsaturated fatty acids compared to lower pressure, but was more effective for plant pigment (chlorophylls, carotenoids) extraction. The results demonstrate that different lipophilic compound classes in <em>T. patula</em> flowers can be selectively concentrated at varying pressures, highlighting the potential of SFE-CO<sub>2</sub> fractionation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 106613"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High-quality, efficient dye and pigment nanoparticles are ideal for supercritical dyeing in the textile industry, an eco-friendly and water-free dyeing method. This study investigates the precipitation of Yellow 2G nanoparticles, an azo dye, via the supercritical gas anti-solvent (GAS) process under varying pressures (10 MPa, 12.5 MPa, and 15 MPa), solute concentrations (0.1 mg.ml−1, 0.3 mg.ml−1, and 0.5 mg.ml−1), and temperatures (308 K, 318 K, and 328 K), using the Box-Behnken design (BBD) approach. Results indicated that higher pressure, lower temperature, and reduced solute concentration favor the formation of uniform Yellow 2G nanoparticles. In this study, nanoparticles ranging from 168.8 nm to 760.8 nm were successfully generated, with 318 K, 15 MPa, and an initial concentration of 0.1 mg.ml−1 identified as the optimal conditions. The features of the produced nanoparticles were assessed through HPLC, FESEM, XRD, DSC, and FTIR analyses. HPLC analysis confirmed the purity of the produced nanoparticles, while XRD and DSC results indicate a decrease in crystallinity and particle size. Additionally, FESEM observations verified that the precipitated dye particles were within the nano-scale range.
{"title":"Optimized production of Yellow 2G nanoparticles via supercritical gas anti-solvent process for advanced application in supercritical dyeing","authors":"Jafar Akbari , Seyed Ali Sajadian , Nedasadat Saadati Ardestani , Mitra Amani","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-quality, efficient dye and pigment nanoparticles are ideal for supercritical dyeing in the textile industry, an eco-friendly and water-free dyeing method. This study investigates the precipitation of Yellow 2G nanoparticles, an azo dye, via the supercritical gas anti-solvent (GAS) process under varying pressures (10 MPa, 12.5 MPa, and 15 MPa), solute concentrations (0.1 mg.ml<sup>−1</sup>, 0.3 mg.ml<sup>−1</sup>, and 0.5 mg.ml<sup>−1</sup>), and temperatures (308 K, 318 K, and 328 K), using the Box-Behnken design (BBD) approach. Results indicated that higher pressure, lower temperature, and reduced solute concentration favor the formation of uniform Yellow 2G nanoparticles. In this study, nanoparticles ranging from 168.8 nm to 760.8 nm were successfully generated, with 318 K, 15 MPa, and an initial concentration of 0.1 mg.ml<sup>−1</sup> identified as the optimal conditions. The features of the produced nanoparticles were assessed through HPLC, FESEM, XRD, DSC, and FTIR analyses. HPLC analysis confirmed the purity of the produced nanoparticles, while XRD and DSC results indicate a decrease in crystallinity and particle size. Additionally, FESEM observations verified that the precipitated dye particles were within the nano-scale range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 106620"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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