Ella Akin, Anna K. Johnson, J. Ross, S. Millman, Cassandra Jass, John P. Stinn, K. Stalder
Through the National Pork Board, the US pork industry provides recommendations for humane handling tools and acceptable non-ambulatory pig handling methods. While these recommendations are useful, there is a lack of published evidence regarding the efficacy of humane handling tools commercially available for moving non-ambulatory pigs. Wean-to-finish mats are commonly used on-farm to provide comfortable resting areas for newly weaned pigs and to minimize feed waste around feeders. The objective of this project was to test a commercial wean-to-finish mat as a humane handling tool for non-ambulatory grow-finish pigs. On-farm testing was accomplished using pig cadavers (n = 3; 135, 118, and 68 kg) to evaluate mat effectiveness based on employee effort and preference. Our results do not support wean-to-finish mats as effective handling tools for moving non-ambulatory grow-finish pigs.
{"title":"Modified wean-to-finish mat as an alternative handling tool for moving grow-finish pig cadavers: A pilot study","authors":"Ella Akin, Anna K. Johnson, J. Ross, S. Millman, Cassandra Jass, John P. Stinn, K. Stalder","doi":"10.54846/jshap/1137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54846/jshap/1137","url":null,"abstract":"Through the National Pork Board, the US pork industry provides recommendations for humane handling tools and acceptable non-ambulatory pig handling methods. While these recommendations are useful, there is a lack of published evidence regarding the efficacy of humane handling tools commercially available for moving non-ambulatory pigs. Wean-to-finish mats are commonly used on-farm to provide comfortable resting areas for newly weaned pigs and to minimize feed waste around feeders. The objective of this project was to test a commercial wean-to-finish mat as a humane handling tool for non-ambulatory grow-finish pigs. On-farm testing was accomplished using pig cadavers (n = 3; 135, 118, and 68 kg) to evaluate mat effectiveness based on employee effort and preference. Our results do not support wean-to-finish mats as effective handling tools for moving non-ambulatory grow-finish pigs.","PeriodicalId":17095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Swine Health and Production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45895934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Following a 2016 pre-enactment survey, 42 swine veterinary practitioners were surveyed in 2017 to assess post-enactment impacts of the revised Veterinary Feed Directive (VFD). The survey evaluated veterinarian-client-patient relationships, client recruitment, VFD fees and creation, record keeping, education and training, business costs, and changes in antibiotic usage and on-farm management.
{"title":"Impact assessment of new US Food and Drug Administration regulations on antibiotic use: A post-enactment survey of swine practitioners","authors":"C. Rademacher, Christopher C. Pudenz, L. Schulz","doi":"10.54846/jshap/1117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54846/jshap/1117","url":null,"abstract":"Following a 2016 pre-enactment survey, 42 swine veterinary practitioners were surveyed in 2017 to assess post-enactment impacts of the revised Veterinary Feed Directive (VFD). The survey evaluated veterinarian-client-patient relationships, client recruitment, VFD fees and creation, record keeping, education and training, business costs, and changes in antibiotic usage and on-farm management.","PeriodicalId":17095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Swine Health and Production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42307927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Robbins, A. Betlach, Maria R. Mondragon-Evans, M. Pieters
The swine industry is known for holding high standards of disease control and elimination. However, partial disease control for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae at the farm level has been evident and has driven initiatives for unconventional health management strategies. Several approaches focused on gilt exposure for M hyopneumoniae using a herd-specific lung homogenate have been performed in the field. Nevertheless, variations in efficacy are apparent and a publicly available protocol for producing M hyopneumoniae lung homogenate under field conditions is not available. In this practice tip, a protocol is described for developing a herd-specific lung homogenate for M hyopneumoniae exposure intended for use in veterinary-supervised elimination or control programs. A herd-specific lung homogenate inoculum, free of secondary respiratory pathogens for the herd of intended use and with an adequate M hyopneumoniae concentration, was obtained through extensive diagnostic testing and evaluation of M hyopneumoniae localization within the lung. Molecular methods were applied to characterize the M hyopneumoniae present in the lung and to evaluate the genomic stability of the bacterium during the exposure process. In doing so, a herd-specific M hyopneumoniae lung homogenate for gilt acclimation was obtained under field conditions.
{"title":"Development of a herd-specific lung homogenate for exposure to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae under field conditions","authors":"R. Robbins, A. Betlach, Maria R. Mondragon-Evans, M. Pieters","doi":"10.54846/jshap/1123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54846/jshap/1123","url":null,"abstract":"The swine industry is known for holding high standards of disease control and elimination. However, partial disease control for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae at the farm level has been evident and has driven initiatives for unconventional health management strategies. Several approaches focused on gilt exposure for M hyopneumoniae using a herd-specific lung homogenate have been performed in the field. Nevertheless, variations in efficacy are apparent and a publicly available protocol for producing M hyopneumoniae lung homogenate under field conditions is not available. In this practice tip, a protocol is described for developing a herd-specific lung homogenate for M hyopneumoniae exposure intended for use in veterinary-supervised elimination or control programs. A herd-specific lung homogenate inoculum, free of secondary respiratory pathogens for the herd of intended use and with an adequate M hyopneumoniae concentration, was obtained through extensive diagnostic testing and evaluation of M hyopneumoniae localization within the lung. Molecular methods were applied to characterize the M hyopneumoniae present in the lung and to evaluate the genomic stability of the bacterium during the exposure process. In doing so, a herd-specific M hyopneumoniae lung homogenate for gilt acclimation was obtained under field conditions.","PeriodicalId":17095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Swine Health and Production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47656932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Costa, C. Ek, Mo H. Patterson, Roman Nosach, S. Detmer, C. Fernando, Gabrielle Paul-McKenzie, S. V. Ravenstein, Cole B. Enns, M. Loewen, J. Hill, J. Harding
Objective: Microbiological and virulence characterization of 2 moderately hemolytic Brachyspira strains. Materials and methods: Clinical isolates were obtained from diarrheic (3603-F2) and healthy (G79) pigs. Phenotypic characterization included assessment of hemolytic activity on blood agar and biochemical profiling. Genotyping was performed by sequencing the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidase (nox) gene, whole genome sequencing, and comparison to relevant Brachyspira. Pig inoculation included 4 treatment groups in 2 challenge experiments: negative control (sterile broth media; n = 12), positive control (Brachyspira hampsonii genomovar 2 strain 30446; n = 18), and 3603-F2 (n = 12) or G79 (n = 12). Fecal scoring and rectal swabbing for culture were performed daily. Animals were euthanized following onset of mucohemorrhagic diarrhea or between 21 and 28 days post inoculation (dpi). Gross and microscopic pathology were assessed. Terminal colon samples were used to characterize post-infection mucosal ion secretion. Results: Both strains were moderately hemolytic. Whole genome and nox sequencing identified 3603-F2 as Brachyspira murdochii and G79 as a novel strain. Both challenge trials revealed intestinal colonization, but no mucohemorrhagic diarrhea. Sporadic watery diarrhea was induced by 3603-F2 associated with a pattern of microscopic lesions similar to pigs with swine dysentery (positive controls). No diarrhea was observed in G79 inoculated pigs, but microscopic lesions were more severe than in controls. Both strains induced greater colonic anion secretory potential than negative controls 21 dpi. Implications: Allegedly avirulent Brachyspira species most closely related to B murdochii can be associated with subclinical colitis and may be a concern for grow-finish pigs.
{"title":"Subclinical colitis associated with moderately hemolytic Brachyspira strains","authors":"M. Costa, C. Ek, Mo H. Patterson, Roman Nosach, S. Detmer, C. Fernando, Gabrielle Paul-McKenzie, S. V. Ravenstein, Cole B. Enns, M. Loewen, J. Hill, J. Harding","doi":"10.54846/jshap/1096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54846/jshap/1096","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Microbiological and virulence characterization of 2 moderately hemolytic Brachyspira strains. Materials and methods: Clinical isolates were obtained from diarrheic (3603-F2) and healthy (G79) pigs. Phenotypic characterization included assessment of hemolytic activity on blood agar and biochemical profiling. Genotyping was performed by sequencing the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidase (nox) gene, whole genome sequencing, and comparison to relevant Brachyspira. Pig inoculation included 4 treatment groups in 2 challenge experiments: negative control (sterile broth media; n = 12), positive control (Brachyspira hampsonii genomovar 2 strain 30446; n = 18), and 3603-F2 (n = 12) or G79 (n = 12). Fecal scoring and rectal swabbing for culture were performed daily. Animals were euthanized following onset of mucohemorrhagic diarrhea or between 21 and 28 days post inoculation (dpi). Gross and microscopic pathology were assessed. Terminal colon samples were used to characterize post-infection mucosal ion secretion. Results: Both strains were moderately hemolytic. Whole genome and nox sequencing identified 3603-F2 as Brachyspira murdochii and G79 as a novel strain. Both challenge trials revealed intestinal colonization, but no mucohemorrhagic diarrhea. Sporadic watery diarrhea was induced by 3603-F2 associated with a pattern of microscopic lesions similar to pigs with swine dysentery (positive controls). No diarrhea was observed in G79 inoculated pigs, but microscopic lesions were more severe than in controls. Both strains induced greater colonic anion secretory potential than negative controls 21 dpi. Implications: Allegedly avirulent Brachyspira species most closely related to B murdochii can be associated with subclinical colitis and may be a concern for grow-finish pigs.","PeriodicalId":17095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Swine Health and Production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43790096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Canning, Nicole Costello, E. Mahan-Riggs, K. Schwartz, K. Skoland, B. Crim, A. Ramírez, D. Linhares, P. Gauger, L. Karriker
Objective: The objective of this study was to categorize and quantify the most common causes of joint- or leg-associated lameness by summarizing available information from cases presented to the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (ISU VDL) between 2010 and 2015. Materials and methods: All cases of lameness or locomotor dysfunction in 7- to 40-week-old pigs submitted to the ISU VDL between May 1, 2010 and April 30, 2015 were retrieved. After removing cases that did not meet the inclusion criteria, the remaining cases were individually reviewed and assigned a primary and secondary diagnosis. Results: Of the 1847 cases retrieved, 464 met the inclusion criteria. The 4 most common primary diagnosis categories were Mycoplasma hyosynoviae (93 cases; 20%), metabolic bone disease (86 cases; 18.5%), infectious arthritis due to non-Mycoplasma bacterial infection (81 cases; 17.5%), and lameness with inconclusive findings (101 cases; 21.8%). There were 23.3% of the cases (108 of 464 cases) that had a secondary diagnosis with metabolic bone disease (28.7%; 31 of 108 cases) identified as the most common secondary diagnosis. Implications: This study reinforces the importance of careful clinical examination, proper sampling, and confirming causes with appropriate diagnostic testing for accurate diagnosis of lameness.
{"title":"Retrospective study of lameness cases in growing pigs associated with joint and leg submissions to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory","authors":"P. Canning, Nicole Costello, E. Mahan-Riggs, K. Schwartz, K. Skoland, B. Crim, A. Ramírez, D. Linhares, P. Gauger, L. Karriker","doi":"10.54846/jshap/1061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54846/jshap/1061","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of this study was to categorize and quantify the most common causes of joint- or leg-associated lameness by summarizing available information from cases presented to the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (ISU VDL) between 2010 and 2015. Materials and methods: All cases of lameness or locomotor dysfunction in 7- to 40-week-old pigs submitted to the ISU VDL between May 1, 2010 and April 30, 2015 were retrieved. After removing cases that did not meet the inclusion criteria, the remaining cases were individually reviewed and assigned a primary and secondary diagnosis. Results: Of the 1847 cases retrieved, 464 met the inclusion criteria. The 4 most common primary diagnosis categories were Mycoplasma hyosynoviae (93 cases; 20%), metabolic bone disease (86 cases; 18.5%), infectious arthritis due to non-Mycoplasma bacterial infection (81 cases; 17.5%), and lameness with inconclusive findings (101 cases; 21.8%). There were 23.3% of the cases (108 of 464 cases) that had a secondary diagnosis with metabolic bone disease (28.7%; 31 of 108 cases) identified as the most common secondary diagnosis. Implications: This study reinforces the importance of careful clinical examination, proper sampling, and confirming causes with appropriate diagnostic testing for accurate diagnosis of lameness.","PeriodicalId":17095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Swine Health and Production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46031092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Gilbreath, S. Gorham, Dennis L. Anderson, W. Witola, Roslyn H. Casimir, E. Bridges, Wesson D. Gaston
Tuskegee University College of Veterinary Medicine (TUCVM) was integrated into a feral swine surveillance program to aid in monitoring feral swine in Macon County, Alabama. The program was initiated by the Wildlife Services division of the Animal Plant and Health Inspection Services of the United States Department of Agriculture. Feral swine were captured, humanely euthanized, and blood was collected for various serological analyses. The carcasses were then submitted to the TUCVM diagnostic laboratory for postmortem examination and tissues were collected for additional disease surveillance. This report highlights pathologic findings identified in 15 feral hogs captured from Macon County, Alabama between March 14, 2012 and April 16, 2013, and serves as a record of some of the diseases the feral swine in this area harbor. Some of the pertinent pathologic findings identified include pulmonary metastrongyliasis, pulmonary paragonimiasis and severe ectoparasitism.
{"title":"Pulmonary Paragonimus infection and other pathologic findings in feral swine (Sus scrofa) from Macon County, Alabama","authors":"E. Gilbreath, S. Gorham, Dennis L. Anderson, W. Witola, Roslyn H. Casimir, E. Bridges, Wesson D. Gaston","doi":"10.54846/jshap/1122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54846/jshap/1122","url":null,"abstract":"Tuskegee University College of Veterinary Medicine (TUCVM) was integrated into a feral swine surveillance program to aid in monitoring feral swine in Macon County, Alabama. The program was initiated by the Wildlife Services division of the Animal Plant and Health Inspection Services of the United States Department of Agriculture. Feral swine were captured, humanely euthanized, and blood was collected for various serological analyses. The carcasses were then submitted to the TUCVM diagnostic laboratory for postmortem examination and tissues were collected for additional disease surveillance. This report highlights pathologic findings identified in 15 feral hogs captured from Macon County, Alabama between March 14, 2012 and April 16, 2013, and serves as a record of some of the diseases the feral swine in this area harbor. Some of the pertinent pathologic findings identified include pulmonary metastrongyliasis, pulmonary paragonimiasis and severe ectoparasitism.","PeriodicalId":17095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Swine Health and Production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49660045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To estimate the prevalence and concentration of Senecavirus A (SVA) in meat sold at retail. Materials and methods: A total of 190 meat samples derived from 25 processing locations in 13 states were purchased through retail sources. The presence of virus in samples of muscle obtained from each package was assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of SVA nucleic acid. A standard curve was constructed to estimate the concentration of viable virus in PCR-positive samples. Results: Two of the 190 meat samples (1.1%) were positive for SVA nucleic acid, but negative for virus by virus isolation. The amount of virus in the PCR-positive samples was estimated to be less than 14 virions/g of muscle. Implications: The low prevalence of SVA in the 190 retail-meat samples analyzed in this study, combined with a low concentration of SVA nucleic acid in the two SVA-positive samples, suggest a low risk for transmitting SVA through retail meat.
{"title":"Presence of Senecavirus A in pork sold in the United States","authors":"Vlad Petrovan, Ying Fang, R. Rowland","doi":"10.54846/jshap/1107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54846/jshap/1107","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To estimate the prevalence and concentration of Senecavirus A (SVA) in meat sold at retail. Materials and methods: A total of 190 meat samples derived from 25 processing locations in 13 states were purchased through retail sources. The presence of virus in samples of muscle obtained from each package was assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of SVA nucleic acid. A standard curve was constructed to estimate the concentration of viable virus in PCR-positive samples. Results: Two of the 190 meat samples (1.1%) were positive for SVA nucleic acid, but negative for virus by virus isolation. The amount of virus in the PCR-positive samples was estimated to be less than 14 virions/g of muscle. Implications: The low prevalence of SVA in the 190 retail-meat samples analyzed in this study, combined with a low concentration of SVA nucleic acid in the two SVA-positive samples, suggest a low risk for transmitting SVA through retail meat.","PeriodicalId":17095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Swine Health and Production","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41932071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Campler, M. Pairis-Garcia, J. Kieffer, S. Moeller
Objectives: To quantify behavior and productivity of females grouped in small static groups when fed using a single-entry/exit electronic sow feeder (ESF) over two consecutive gestation periods. Materials and methods: Fifty-eight gilts with no previous experience in group gestation housing were enrolled into 3, static, successive cohorts (Cohort 1, n = 20; Cohort 2, n = 18; and Cohort 3, n = 20) at day 35 of gestation. Pigs were housed individually throughout the farrowing period, and pigs that were healthy were moved back into their respective groups for their second gestation (Cohort 1, n = 19; Cohort 2, n = 13; Cohort 3, n = 17). Pig behavior, social rank, and post-gestation productivity was quantified for each gestation period. Results: Agonistic behaviors decreased between the first and second gestation (P < .001). High-ranked sows initiated more agonistic bouts around the ESF when compared to intermediate- and low-ranked sows (P < .001). Duration of active (P = .78) and inactive (P = .76) behaviors did not differ between gestation periods, but more active behaviors were observed near the ESF when compared to other areas of the pen (P < .001). High-ranked sows visited the feeder more frequently when compared to intermediate- and low-ranked sows (P < .001). No differences in subsequent litter or female productivity measures were found based on sow ranking. Implications: Housing gestating females in small static groups with an ESF decreased aggression between the first and second parity without detrimentally affecting general pig behavior or productivity.
{"title":"Sow behavior and productivity in a small stable group-housing system","authors":"M. Campler, M. Pairis-Garcia, J. Kieffer, S. Moeller","doi":"10.54846/jshap/1080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54846/jshap/1080","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To quantify behavior and productivity of females grouped in small static groups when fed using a single-entry/exit electronic sow feeder (ESF) over two consecutive gestation periods. Materials and methods: Fifty-eight gilts with no previous experience in group gestation housing were enrolled into 3, static, successive cohorts (Cohort 1, n = 20; Cohort 2, n = 18; and Cohort 3, n = 20) at day 35 of gestation. Pigs were housed individually throughout the farrowing period, and pigs that were healthy were moved back into their respective groups for their second gestation (Cohort 1, n = 19; Cohort 2, n = 13; Cohort 3, n = 17). Pig behavior, social rank, and post-gestation productivity was quantified for each gestation period. Results: Agonistic behaviors decreased between the first and second gestation (P < .001). High-ranked sows initiated more agonistic bouts around the ESF when compared to intermediate- and low-ranked sows (P < .001). Duration of active (P = .78) and inactive (P = .76) behaviors did not differ between gestation periods, but more active behaviors were observed near the ESF when compared to other areas of the pen (P < .001). High-ranked sows visited the feeder more frequently when compared to intermediate- and low-ranked sows (P < .001). No differences in subsequent litter or female productivity measures were found based on sow ranking. Implications: Housing gestating females in small static groups with an ESF decreased aggression between the first and second parity without detrimentally affecting general pig behavior or productivity.","PeriodicalId":17095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Swine Health and Production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44843971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To determine effects of an iron dose at weaning on growth and hematology in pigs fed zinc. Materials and methods: Weaned pigs (n = 144) were allocated to treatments in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (6 pens/treatment, 3 pigs/pen), with factors being pig size (large or small); number of 100 mg iron dextran doses (1 [birth] or 2 [birth and weaning]); and dietary zinc (100 or 2000 ppm). Average daily gain (ADG), feed intake (ADFI), and gain to feed ratio (G:F) were determined. Blood samples were collected at weaning and 7 and 49 days post-weaning. Results: Anemia (hemoglobin < 9.0 g/dL) at weaning tended to be greater (P = .07) for large pigs and hemoglobin (P = .02) and hematocrit (P = .05) were greater in small pigs. Hematology was largely unaffected by number of iron doses or diet. Large pigs displayed greater ADG (P < .001) but poorer G:F (P = .002). Zinc-supplemented pigs had greater (P = .002) ADG and G:F from day 0 to 21. From day 22 to 49, G:F (P = .005) was greater for controls. Overall, zinc tended to increase ADFI in large (P = .09) but not small (P = .46) pigs. Growth was largely unaffected by number of iron doses. Implications: Anemia at weaning was common, especially for larger pigs, but was not exacerbated by zinc. An iron dose at weaning had minimal effects on growth. Dietary zinc enhanced growth early post-weaning but effects waned as pigs aged.
{"title":"Growth performance and hematology characteristics in pigs treated with iron at birth and weaning and fed a nursery diet supplemented with a pharmacological level of zinc oxide","authors":"M. Estienne, S. Clark-Deener, K. Williams","doi":"10.54846/jshap/1111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54846/jshap/1111","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine effects of an iron dose at weaning on growth and hematology in pigs fed zinc. Materials and methods: Weaned pigs (n = 144) were allocated to treatments in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (6 pens/treatment, 3 pigs/pen), with factors being pig size (large or small); number of 100 mg iron dextran doses (1 [birth] or 2 [birth and weaning]); and dietary zinc (100 or 2000 ppm). Average daily gain (ADG), feed intake (ADFI), and gain to feed ratio (G:F) were determined. Blood samples were collected at weaning and 7 and 49 days post-weaning. Results: Anemia (hemoglobin < 9.0 g/dL) at weaning tended to be greater (P = .07) for large pigs and hemoglobin (P = .02) and hematocrit (P = .05) were greater in small pigs. Hematology was largely unaffected by number of iron doses or diet. Large pigs displayed greater ADG (P < .001) but poorer G:F (P = .002). Zinc-supplemented pigs had greater (P = .002) ADG and G:F from day 0 to 21. From day 22 to 49, G:F (P = .005) was greater for controls. Overall, zinc tended to increase ADFI in large (P = .09) but not small (P = .46) pigs. Growth was largely unaffected by number of iron doses. Implications: Anemia at weaning was common, especially for larger pigs, but was not exacerbated by zinc. An iron dose at weaning had minimal effects on growth. Dietary zinc enhanced growth early post-weaning but effects waned as pigs aged.","PeriodicalId":17095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Swine Health and Production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46950865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fangzhou Wu, J. Liao, M. Tokach, S. Dritz, J. Woodworth, R. Goodband, J. DeRouchey, C. Vahl, Hilda I. Calderón-Cartagena, Denise Van De Stoet
Objective: Determine seasonal patterns of nursery and finisher growth performance in 3 commercial US production systems located in the midwest. Materials and methods: Five years of production records, including 5039 nursery and 5354 finisher production batches, were collected from 3 production systems. Explanatory variables include system, site, pig-flow type, feeder type, batch size, week of placement, average days-on-feed, fill length, number of sow farm sources, dietary energy, mortality, and initial body weight. Week of placement served as the unit for seasonal patterns. Nursery and finisher performance (average daily gain [ADG], average daily feed intake [ADFI], and gain to feed ratio [G:F]) were analyzed in separate datasets using multi-level linear mixed models. A guided stepwise selection approach was used to select fixed variables and their interactions. Seasonality curves were generated using rolling averages of least squares means with a 5-week window and 1-week step-size. Results: For nursery, the seasonality effect was significant (P < .001) for ADG, ADFI, but not for G:F. Nursery ADG and ADFI decreased as week of placement progressed from the 1st to 20th week of a year but increased thereafter. All finisher growth responses were affected by week of placement (P < .001) but the pattern and magnitude of seasonal variability differed among systems (system × week interactions, P < .02). Implications: Seasonal variability of nursery and finisher performance can be quantified using production records in a multi-level linear mixed model. Seasonality effects on finisher performance were system dependent, while nursery seasonality shared more similarity among investigated systems.
{"title":"A retrospective analysis of seasonal growth patterns of nursery and finishing pigs in commercial production","authors":"Fangzhou Wu, J. Liao, M. Tokach, S. Dritz, J. Woodworth, R. Goodband, J. DeRouchey, C. Vahl, Hilda I. Calderón-Cartagena, Denise Van De Stoet","doi":"10.54846/jshap/1112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54846/jshap/1112","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Determine seasonal patterns of nursery and finisher growth performance in 3 commercial US production systems located in the midwest. Materials and methods: Five years of production records, including 5039 nursery and 5354 finisher production batches, were collected from 3 production systems. Explanatory variables include system, site, pig-flow type, feeder type, batch size, week of placement, average days-on-feed, fill length, number of sow farm sources, dietary energy, mortality, and initial body weight. Week of placement served as the unit for seasonal patterns. Nursery and finisher performance (average daily gain [ADG], average daily feed intake [ADFI], and gain to feed ratio [G:F]) were analyzed in separate datasets using multi-level linear mixed models. A guided stepwise selection approach was used to select fixed variables and their interactions. Seasonality curves were generated using rolling averages of least squares means with a 5-week window and 1-week step-size. Results: For nursery, the seasonality effect was significant (P < .001) for ADG, ADFI, but not for G:F. Nursery ADG and ADFI decreased as week of placement progressed from the 1st to 20th week of a year but increased thereafter. All finisher growth responses were affected by week of placement (P < .001) but the pattern and magnitude of seasonal variability differed among systems (system × week interactions, P < .02). Implications: Seasonal variability of nursery and finisher performance can be quantified using production records in a multi-level linear mixed model. Seasonality effects on finisher performance were system dependent, while nursery seasonality shared more similarity among investigated systems.","PeriodicalId":17095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Swine Health and Production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45007618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：