Gustavo S. Silva, Katyann Graham, V. Novak, D. Holtkamp, D. Linhares
This study describes a spatio-temporal cluster of Senecavirus A (SVA) outbreaks reported in a midwestern US slaughter plant during the summer of 2017. Data was collected on multiple site characteristics to conduct risk factor analysis. On June 8, 2017, 6 of 10 finishing pig lots delivered to the plant tested positive by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for SVA RNA. Subsequently, 88 lots presented vesicular lesions at the plant, and 74 lots tested positive between June 8 and July 10, 2017, which was a significant temporal cluster.
{"title":"A retrospective investigation of risk factors associated with loads of pigs positive for Senecavirus A at a midwestern US packing plant during the summer of 2017","authors":"Gustavo S. Silva, Katyann Graham, V. Novak, D. Holtkamp, D. Linhares","doi":"10.54846/jshap/1156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54846/jshap/1156","url":null,"abstract":"This study describes a spatio-temporal cluster of Senecavirus A (SVA) outbreaks reported in a midwestern US slaughter plant during the summer of 2017. Data was collected on multiple site characteristics to conduct risk factor analysis. On June 8, 2017, 6 of 10 finishing pig lots delivered to the plant tested positive by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for SVA RNA. Subsequently, 88 lots presented vesicular lesions at the plant, and 74 lots tested positive between June 8 and July 10, 2017, which was a significant temporal cluster.","PeriodicalId":17095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Swine Health and Production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44201039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Investigate how nutrient additive inclusion impacts performance and sickness behavior in pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Materials and methods: At 10 weeks of age, 108 PRRSV naïve barrows (mean [SD] body weight: 31 [1.4] kg) were allotted into 18 pens in a commercial barn and enrolled in a 35-day PRRSV challenge study. After a 5-day acclimation period, all pigs were inoculated intranasally and intramuscularly with a field strain of PRRSV and began nutrient supplement treatments. Treatments included no nutrient supplement (control; n = 6 pens), water nutrient supplement (water; n = 6 pens), and water and feed nutrient supplement (water+feed; n = 6 pens). Pen performance was recorded weekly at 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days post inoculation (dpi). Pig home-pen behavior was recorded on -1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 dpi. Results: Over the 35-day challenge, no significant differences in pig viremia or performance were reported due to treatment. Compared to control, water+feed additive increased sitting in pigs; however, no other sickness behavior treatment differences were observed. Decreased activity was observed 6 and 9 dpi. Eating was decreased 6 dpi whereas drinking was decreased from 6 dpi throughout the rest of the behavioral observation period at 18 dpi. Implications: The addition of a nutrient additive in water and water+feed had minimal effect on sickness behavior and no observed effect on viremia or performance of PRRSV-infected pigs. Decreased activity, eating, and drinking may help caretakers identify health-challenged pigs.
{"title":"Nutrient supplementation effects on pig performance and sickness behavior during a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection","authors":"J. Colpoys, S. Curry, W. Schweer, N. Gabler","doi":"10.54846/jshap/1163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54846/jshap/1163","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Investigate how nutrient additive inclusion impacts performance and sickness behavior in pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Materials and methods: At 10 weeks of age, 108 PRRSV naïve barrows (mean [SD] body weight: 31 [1.4] kg) were allotted into 18 pens in a commercial barn and enrolled in a 35-day PRRSV challenge study. After a 5-day acclimation period, all pigs were inoculated intranasally and intramuscularly with a field strain of PRRSV and began nutrient supplement treatments. Treatments included no nutrient supplement (control; n = 6 pens), water nutrient supplement (water; n = 6 pens), and water and feed nutrient supplement (water+feed; n = 6 pens). Pen performance was recorded weekly at 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days post inoculation (dpi). Pig home-pen behavior was recorded on -1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 dpi. Results: Over the 35-day challenge, no significant differences in pig viremia or performance were reported due to treatment. Compared to control, water+feed additive increased sitting in pigs; however, no other sickness behavior treatment differences were observed. Decreased activity was observed 6 and 9 dpi. Eating was decreased 6 dpi whereas drinking was decreased from 6 dpi throughout the rest of the behavioral observation period at 18 dpi. Implications: The addition of a nutrient additive in water and water+feed had minimal effect on sickness behavior and no observed effect on viremia or performance of PRRSV-infected pigs. Decreased activity, eating, and drinking may help caretakers identify health-challenged pigs.","PeriodicalId":17095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Swine Health and Production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48054186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An African swine fever (ASF) outbreak in the United States would result in the loss of fresh pork exports and a decrease in pig price. The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Terrestrial Animal Health Code provides a potential opportunity for packers, working with swine production systems and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), to maintain a significant portion of exports during an ASF outbreak through a combination of producer biosecurity and surveillance, packers only accepting pigs from production systems that meet specific requirements, and the USDA developing veterinary certificates for export stating the pork shipment meets the OIE requirements.
{"title":"Potential to export fresh pork in the event of an African swine fever outbreak in the United States","authors":"J. Roth","doi":"10.54846/jshap/1152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54846/jshap/1152","url":null,"abstract":"An African swine fever (ASF) outbreak in the United States would result in the loss of fresh pork exports and a decrease in pig price. The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Terrestrial Animal Health Code provides a potential opportunity for packers, working with swine production systems and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), to maintain a significant portion of exports during an ASF outbreak through a combination of producer biosecurity and surveillance, packers only accepting pigs from production systems that meet specific requirements, and the USDA developing veterinary certificates for export stating the pork shipment meets the OIE requirements.","PeriodicalId":17095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Swine Health and Production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46595124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ross Free, Mark Ladd, R. Capsel, L. Cox, J. Hicks, K. Lantz, Michael J. Neault, James M. Kittrell, B. J. Meade
Despite eradication of swine brucellosis from US commercial swine, Brucella suis still exists in feral swine. Therefore, brucellosis surveillance occurs to detect and eliminate any disease introduction from feral swine to domestic swine. As serology for swine brucellosis has imperfect specificity, false-positive serological reactions (FPSRs) occur and true brucellosis infection must be ruled out. In this case report, we detail a process to rule out B suis infection in a commercial sow herd using additional diagnostics including bacterial culture, whole genome sequencing, western blot, and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It was determined Yersinia enterocolitica serovar O:9 caused the FPSRs.
{"title":"Diagnosis of Yersinia enterocolitica serovar O:9 in a commercial 2400-sow farm with false-positive Brucella suis serology using western blot, competitive ELISA, bacterial isolation, and whole genome sequencing","authors":"Ross Free, Mark Ladd, R. Capsel, L. Cox, J. Hicks, K. Lantz, Michael J. Neault, James M. Kittrell, B. J. Meade","doi":"10.54846/jshap/1153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54846/jshap/1153","url":null,"abstract":"Despite eradication of swine brucellosis from US commercial swine, Brucella suis still exists in feral swine. Therefore, brucellosis surveillance occurs to detect and eliminate any disease introduction from feral swine to domestic swine. As serology for swine brucellosis has imperfect specificity, false-positive serological reactions (FPSRs) occur and true brucellosis infection must be ruled out. In this case report, we detail a process to rule out B suis infection in a commercial sow herd using additional diagnostics including bacterial culture, whole genome sequencing, western blot, and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It was determined Yersinia enterocolitica serovar O:9 caused the FPSRs.","PeriodicalId":17095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Swine Health and Production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43748164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Menegat, J. DeRouchey, J. Woodworth, M. Tokach, R. Goodband, S. Dritz
Objective: To evaluate the effects of daily oral dose of Bacillus subtilis C-3102 to nursing piglets on fecal consistency, fecal microbes, and preweaning performance in a controlled trial. Materials and methods: A total of 26 litters of nursing piglets were assigned to receive a daily oral dose of placebo (n = 14 litters) or probiotic (n = 12 litters) for 18 days beginning on day 2 after birth until weaning on day 19. The probiotic treatment was B subtilis C-3102 (Calsporin, Calpis Co Ltd). Treatments were applied orally once daily to individual piglets via 1 mL sugar-based gel solution alone (placebo) or with B subtilis C-3102. Growth performance and litter size were measured on days 2, 9, 16, and 19. Fecal scoring and sampling were performed on days 2, 9, and 16 to categorize fecal consistency and conduct microbial analysis by isolation and enumeration method. Results: There was no statistical difference (P > .05) on growth performance, litter size, mortality, and fecal consistency in the preweaning period between placebo- and probiotic-treated litters. The numbers of B subtilis C-3102 (P < .001), total Bacillus species (P < .001), and total aerobes (P = .03) were increased in litters receiving probiotic compared to placebo. The numbers of Lactobacillus species, Enterococcus species, Clostridium perfringens, and Enterobacteriaceae were not influenced by treatment. Implications: A daily oral dose of B subtilis C-3102 probiotic did not influence preweaning growth performance and fecal consistency of nursing piglets and only influenced Bacillus species fecal microbial population.
目的：在一项对照试验中，评价每天口服枯草芽孢杆菌C-3102对仔猪粪便稠度、粪便微生物和断奶前性能的影响。材料和方法：共有26窝哺乳仔猪被分配接受安慰剂（n=14窝）或益生菌（n=12窝）的每日口服剂量，持续18天，从出生后第2天开始，直到第19天断奶。益生菌处理是枯草芽孢杆菌C-3102（Calsporin，Calpis Co Ltd）。通过1mL单独的基于糖的凝胶溶液（安慰剂）或用枯草芽孢杆菌C-3102对个体仔猪口服治疗，每天一次。在第2、9、16和19天测量生长性能和产仔数。在第2天、第9天和第16天进行粪便评分和取样，以分类粪便稠度，并通过分离和计数方法进行微生物分析。结果：在断奶前阶段，安慰剂和益生菌处理的窝仔在生长性能、窝仔大小、死亡率和粪便稠度方面没有统计学差异（P>0.05）。与安慰剂相比，接受益生菌的窝仔中枯草芽孢杆菌C-3102（P<.001）、总芽孢杆菌种类（P<0.001）和总需氧菌（P=.03）的数量增加。乳酸杆菌、肠球菌、产气荚膜梭状芽孢杆菌和肠杆菌科的数量不受处理的影响。提示：每日口服枯草芽孢杆菌C-3102益生菌不会影响断奶前仔猪的生长性能和粪便稠度，只会影响芽孢杆菌类粪便微生物种群。
{"title":"Effects of oral administration of Bacillus subtilis C-3102 to nursing piglets on preweaning growth performance, fecal consistency, and fecal microbes","authors":"M. Menegat, J. DeRouchey, J. Woodworth, M. Tokach, R. Goodband, S. Dritz","doi":"10.54846/jshap/1151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54846/jshap/1151","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the effects of daily oral dose of Bacillus subtilis C-3102 to nursing piglets on fecal consistency, fecal microbes, and preweaning performance in a controlled trial. Materials and methods: A total of 26 litters of nursing piglets were assigned to receive a daily oral dose of placebo (n = 14 litters) or probiotic (n = 12 litters) for 18 days beginning on day 2 after birth until weaning on day 19. The probiotic treatment was B subtilis C-3102 (Calsporin, Calpis Co Ltd). Treatments were applied orally once daily to individual piglets via 1 mL sugar-based gel solution alone (placebo) or with B subtilis C-3102. Growth performance and litter size were measured on days 2, 9, 16, and 19. Fecal scoring and sampling were performed on days 2, 9, and 16 to categorize fecal consistency and conduct microbial analysis by isolation and enumeration method. Results: There was no statistical difference (P > .05) on growth performance, litter size, mortality, and fecal consistency in the preweaning period between placebo- and probiotic-treated litters. The numbers of B subtilis C-3102 (P < .001), total Bacillus species (P < .001), and total aerobes (P = .03) were increased in litters receiving probiotic compared to placebo. The numbers of Lactobacillus species, Enterococcus species, Clostridium perfringens, and Enterobacteriaceae were not influenced by treatment. Implications: A daily oral dose of B subtilis C-3102 probiotic did not influence preweaning growth performance and fecal consistency of nursing piglets and only influenced Bacillus species fecal microbial population.","PeriodicalId":17095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Swine Health and Production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43083885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A longitudinal study was conducted to evaluate performance and mortality of male pigs following immunological castration with a commercial gonadotropin releasing hormone analog-diphtheria toxoid conjugate (Improvest). Twelve groups of intact male weanling pigs (approximately 250/group) were delivered to a single barn over 3.5 years. Two doses of Improvest were administered subcutaneously, with the first dose given at 10 to 15 weeks of age and the second dose given at 18 to 19 weeks of age. Wean-to-market average daily gain (ADG) among the 12 test groups ranged from 0.83 to 0.99 kg/day (mean, 0.89 kg/day), feed efficiency (FE) ranged from 2.10 to 2.50 (mean, 2.24), and mortality ranged from 1.61% to 7.20% (mean, 3.25%). When lysine levels were increased by approximately 12% (groups 6-12), ADG increased by 6.3% and FE improved by 4.1%. Except for group 7 mortality, performance of all groups surpassed two 2016 industry benchmarks for ADG, FE, and mortality (National Pork Board Top 25% Producers and MetaFarms). Immunologically castrated barrows performed similarly with or without antimicrobial feed additives under these conditions. This study demonstrated that immunological castration delivered consistent high performance and livability that exceeded industry benchmarks.
{"title":"Performance of immunologically castrated pigs at a commercial demonstration farm over 3.5 years","authors":"L. Rueff, M. Mellencamp, L. Pantoja","doi":"10.54846/jshap/1128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54846/jshap/1128","url":null,"abstract":"A longitudinal study was conducted to evaluate performance and mortality of male pigs following immunological castration with a commercial gonadotropin releasing hormone analog-diphtheria toxoid conjugate (Improvest). Twelve groups of intact male weanling pigs (approximately 250/group) were delivered to a single barn over 3.5 years. Two doses of Improvest were administered subcutaneously, with the first dose given at 10 to 15 weeks of age and the second dose given at 18 to 19 weeks of age. Wean-to-market average daily gain (ADG) among the 12 test groups ranged from 0.83 to 0.99 kg/day (mean, 0.89 kg/day), feed efficiency (FE) ranged from 2.10 to 2.50 (mean, 2.24), and mortality ranged from 1.61% to 7.20% (mean, 3.25%). When lysine levels were increased by approximately 12% (groups 6-12), ADG increased by 6.3% and FE improved by 4.1%. Except for group 7 mortality, performance of all groups surpassed two 2016 industry benchmarks for ADG, FE, and mortality (National Pork Board Top 25% Producers and MetaFarms). Immunologically castrated barrows performed similarly with or without antimicrobial feed additives under these conditions. This study demonstrated that immunological castration delivered consistent high performance and livability that exceeded industry benchmarks.","PeriodicalId":17095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Swine Health and Production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45073172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. C. Burkemper, Caitlin Cramer, S. Moeller, M. Pairis-Garcia
A total of 5045 piglets were castrated and received 1 of 2 treatments: control (C; surgically castrated); or meloxicam (M; surgically castrated and administered oral meloxicam). Oral meloxicam administration at castration required 5 additional seconds and had no effect on average daily gain, mortality, or survivability in the preweaning period.
{"title":"The effect of oral meloxicam on piglet performance in the preweaning period","authors":"M. C. Burkemper, Caitlin Cramer, S. Moeller, M. Pairis-Garcia","doi":"10.54846/jshap/1129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54846/jshap/1129","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 5045 piglets were castrated and received 1 of 2 treatments: control (C; surgically castrated); or meloxicam (M; surgically castrated and administered oral meloxicam). Oral meloxicam administration at castration required 5 additional seconds and had no effect on average daily gain, mortality, or survivability in the preweaning period.","PeriodicalId":17095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Swine Health and Production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45147304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. D. Provvido, A. R. Trachtman, E. Farina, Michael Odintzov Vaintrub, G. Fragassi, G. Vignola, G. Marruchella
The present study aims to develop and assess an alternative method for scoring pleurisy in slaughtered pigs. Overall, data indicates that pleurisy can be scored effectively and efficiently by inspecting the parietal pleura. Moreover, this evaluation can be suitably carried out on digital images, thus optimizing the workload of veterinarians.
{"title":"Pleurisy evaluation on the parietal pleura: an alternative scoring method in slaughtered pigs","authors":"A. D. Provvido, A. R. Trachtman, E. Farina, Michael Odintzov Vaintrub, G. Fragassi, G. Vignola, G. Marruchella","doi":"10.54846/jshap/1142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54846/jshap/1142","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to develop and assess an alternative method for scoring pleurisy in slaughtered pigs. Overall, data indicates that pleurisy can be scored effectively and efficiently by inspecting the parietal pleura. Moreover, this evaluation can be suitably carried out on digital images, thus optimizing the workload of veterinarians.","PeriodicalId":17095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Swine Health and Production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46660375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Moura, S. Totton, J. Sargeant, T. O’Sullivan, D. Linhares, A. O'Connor
Objectives: Describe and compare the proportion of studies reporting the method used to assign study units to treatment groups, reporting a random allocation approach, reporting 18 REFLECT items, and the proportion of studies having a low risk-of-bias assessment in swine vaccination trial studies published after the REFLECT statement, compared to studies published before. Materials and Methods: The study population was 61 studies that evaluated vaccines targeted at pathogens affecting swine health or pork safety. Two reviewers assessed the reporting of 18 of 22 REFLECT items and 5 risk-of-bias domains. Results: Authors reported the method used to allocate experimental units in 33 of 42 (79%) and 14 of 19 (74%) studies published prior to and following REFLECT, respectively. There has been a substantial shift in the reporting of allocation approaches. Before 2011, only 2 of 25 (8%) studies that reported using random allocation provided supporting evidence. This increased in studies published between 2011-2017 (4 of 6; 66%). Before 2011, 8 of 33 (24%) studies reported using systematic allocation, which increased to 43% (6 of 14 studies) between 2011-2017. There has also been an increase in the prevalence of reporting for 14 of the 18 REFLECT items. There was an increase in the number of studies reporting evidence to support true randomization to group and data that suggests few baseline imbalances. Implications: Data from this study suggests swine vaccination trial reporting improved, which may be due to researchers having more access to better quality information.
{"title":"Evidence of improved reporting of swine vaccination trials in the post-REFLECT statement publication period","authors":"C. Moura, S. Totton, J. Sargeant, T. O’Sullivan, D. Linhares, A. O'Connor","doi":"10.54846/jshap/1125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54846/jshap/1125","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Describe and compare the proportion of studies reporting the method used to assign study units to treatment groups, reporting a random allocation approach, reporting 18 REFLECT items, and the proportion of studies having a low risk-of-bias assessment in swine vaccination trial studies published after the REFLECT statement, compared to studies published before. Materials and Methods: The study population was 61 studies that evaluated vaccines targeted at pathogens affecting swine health or pork safety. Two reviewers assessed the reporting of 18 of 22 REFLECT items and 5 risk-of-bias domains. Results: Authors reported the method used to allocate experimental units in 33 of 42 (79%) and 14 of 19 (74%) studies published prior to and following REFLECT, respectively. There has been a substantial shift in the reporting of allocation approaches. Before 2011, only 2 of 25 (8%) studies that reported using random allocation provided supporting evidence. This increased in studies published between 2011-2017 (4 of 6; 66%). Before 2011, 8 of 33 (24%) studies reported using systematic allocation, which increased to 43% (6 of 14 studies) between 2011-2017. There has also been an increase in the prevalence of reporting for 14 of the 18 REFLECT items. There was an increase in the number of studies reporting evidence to support true randomization to group and data that suggests few baseline imbalances. Implications: Data from this study suggests swine vaccination trial reporting improved, which may be due to researchers having more access to better quality information.","PeriodicalId":17095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Swine Health and Production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44585249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Justin Brown, C. Rademacher, Samuel R. Baker, Korakrit Poonsuk, Ting-Yu Cheng, K. Skoland, P. Canning, A. Forseth, L. Karriker
Objective: To evaluate if the use of a commercially available killed porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) vaccine shortens the duration of PEDV shedding in replacement gilts. Materials and methods: Four treatment groups composed of 20 females were utilized for this study. Gilts in the CONTROL group had no previous exposure to PEDV, the nonvaccinated (NV) group had been previously exposed, and the PRE and POST groups received two doses of a commercial, killed PEDV vaccine either prior to or following a challenge with PEDV, respectively. Individual fecal samples were collected weekly and tested by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) for virus detection. Results: Previous exposure to PEDV was found to shorten the time that virus can be detected in the feces compared to fecal samples of naïve animals (P < .001). Vaccination, either prior to or following the challenge, was not found to shorten the duration of PEDV shedding in feces. Implications: These results showed that vaccination of gilts, either prior to the challenge or afterwards, with a killed commerical PEDV vaccine did not shorten the period that virus was detectable in the feces by rRT-PCR suggesting that viral shedding in feces was not influenced by administration of a killed commercial vaccine. While previous infection with virulent PEDV did not prevent re-infection, it did have a significant effect on the amount of time virus was detected following a subsequent exposure.
{"title":"Efficacy of a commercial porcine epidemic diarrhea virus vaccine at reducing duration of viral shedding in gilts","authors":"Justin Brown, C. Rademacher, Samuel R. Baker, Korakrit Poonsuk, Ting-Yu Cheng, K. Skoland, P. Canning, A. Forseth, L. Karriker","doi":"10.54846/jshap/1127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54846/jshap/1127","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate if the use of a commercially available killed porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) vaccine shortens the duration of PEDV shedding in replacement gilts. Materials and methods: Four treatment groups composed of 20 females were utilized for this study. Gilts in the CONTROL group had no previous exposure to PEDV, the nonvaccinated (NV) group had been previously exposed, and the PRE and POST groups received two doses of a commercial, killed PEDV vaccine either prior to or following a challenge with PEDV, respectively. Individual fecal samples were collected weekly and tested by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) for virus detection. Results: Previous exposure to PEDV was found to shorten the time that virus can be detected in the feces compared to fecal samples of naïve animals (P < .001). Vaccination, either prior to or following the challenge, was not found to shorten the duration of PEDV shedding in feces. Implications: These results showed that vaccination of gilts, either prior to the challenge or afterwards, with a killed commerical PEDV vaccine did not shorten the period that virus was detectable in the feces by rRT-PCR suggesting that viral shedding in feces was not influenced by administration of a killed commercial vaccine. While previous infection with virulent PEDV did not prevent re-infection, it did have a significant effect on the amount of time virus was detected following a subsequent exposure.","PeriodicalId":17095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Swine Health and Production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43910170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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