Bjarne Ellegaard, Jakob Korsgaard, Gitte Blach Nielsen
Vaccination is time consuming and often labor intensive. This study found that porcine circovirus type 2 vaccination of growing pigs could be performed faster using an intradermal, needle-free vaccination method compared to the traditional, intramuscular needle vaccination method without compromising production parameters and antimicrobial treatments.
{"title":"Comparison of intradermal and intramuscular porcine circovirus type 2 vaccination methods concerning labor, production parameters, and antimicrobial treatments: A randomized field study in a Danish finishing herd","authors":"Bjarne Ellegaard, Jakob Korsgaard, Gitte Blach Nielsen","doi":"10.54846/jshap/1190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54846/jshap/1190","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccination is time consuming and often labor intensive. This study found that porcine circovirus type 2 vaccination of growing pigs could be performed faster using an intradermal, needle-free vaccination method compared to the traditional, intramuscular needle vaccination method without compromising production parameters and antimicrobial treatments.","PeriodicalId":17095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Swine Health and Production","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41361642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Influenza A virus in swine (IAV-S) survives for a short period within the host, and its survival outside the host does not seem to be a significant obstacle to elimination attempts. Virus circulation within sow farms appears to be related mainly to suckling piglets and recently introduced gilts. Three important ways IAV-S is introduced into sow herds are infected pigs, infected humans, and aerosol. Elimination of IAV-S virus in sow herds should be easier than for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and it is possible to remain negative for IAV-S on a long-term basis.
{"title":"Survival and transmission of swine influenza A virus within and between farms","authors":"R. Desrosiers","doi":"10.54846/jshap/1224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54846/jshap/1224","url":null,"abstract":"Influenza A virus in swine (IAV-S) survives for a short period within the host, and its survival outside the host does not seem to be a significant obstacle to elimination attempts. Virus circulation within sow farms appears to be related mainly to suckling piglets and recently introduced gilts. Three important ways IAV-S is introduced into sow herds are infected pigs, infected humans, and aerosol. Elimination of IAV-S virus in sow herds should be easier than for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and it is possible to remain negative for IAV-S on a long-term basis.","PeriodicalId":17095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Swine Health and Production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48630688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Umberto Tossi, Elisabetta DeAngelis, L. Gabrielli, G. Marruchella
Thoracic ultrasonography has been increasingly utilized as a diagnostic tool in human and veterinary medicine. However, limited data are currently available about its field application in pigs. The present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of thoracic ultrasonography in pigs affected by enzootic pneumonia-like lesions. Following technique verification on cadavers, ultrasound investigations were performed on the thorax of healthy and diseased live pigs to assess lungs. Overall, results indicated that ultrasonography was effective to discriminate between healthy and diseased lungs, with enzootic pneumonia-like lesions showing an easily recognizable ultrasonographic pattern. Thoracic ultrasonography could contribute to better manage porcine respiratory diseases.
{"title":"Enzootic pneumonia-like lesions: Ultrasound vs pathological findings under field conditions","authors":"Umberto Tossi, Elisabetta DeAngelis, L. Gabrielli, G. Marruchella","doi":"10.54846/jshap/1198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54846/jshap/1198","url":null,"abstract":"Thoracic ultrasonography has been increasingly utilized as a diagnostic tool in human and veterinary medicine. However, limited data are currently available about its field application in pigs. The present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of thoracic ultrasonography in pigs affected by enzootic pneumonia-like lesions. Following technique verification on cadavers, ultrasound investigations were performed on the thorax of healthy and diseased live pigs to assess lungs. Overall, results indicated that ultrasonography was effective to discriminate between healthy and diseased lungs, with enzootic pneumonia-like lesions showing an easily recognizable ultrasonographic pattern. Thoracic ultrasonography could contribute to better manage porcine respiratory diseases.","PeriodicalId":17095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Swine Health and Production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45462234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Walker, A. Bowman, J. B. Ferreira, Sarah W. Nelson, M. Pairis-Garcia, A. Arruda
Objective: The main objective of this study was to describe the use and limitations of tonsil scrapings (TS), oral fluids (OF), nasal swabs (NS), and environmental swabs (ES) to detect porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Materials and methods: Two PRRSV-positive growing pig farms using different PRRSV control strategies were enrolled in this study. Sampling began approximately 52- and 21-days post PRRSV exposure for farms 1 and 2, respectively, and occurred once a month for four months using fixed spatial sampling. Samples for OF and ES were collected at the pen level and TS and NS samples were collected at the individual level. All samples were tested using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: A total of 192 samples were collected over the study period: 48 TS, 48 OF, 48 NS, and 48 ES. Overall, 20 TS (41.6%), 0 OF (0.0%), 6 NS (12.5%), and 1 ES (2.1%) tested RT-PCR positive for PRRSV throughout this study. Implications: Tonsil scraping samples yielded more positive PRRSV RT-PCR results for longer time periods when compared to OF, NS, and ES for PRRSV detection in growing pigs. Tonsil scraping samples tested RT-PCR positive for PRRSV up to 168 days post exposure. Oral fluids, NS, and ES sampling methods for PRRSV detection in growing pig populations, particularly months after the initial infection or vaccination, should be used with caution given low RT-PCR positive samples found in this study.
{"title":"Tonsil scrapings for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus detection in growing pigs under field conditions","authors":"H. Walker, A. Bowman, J. B. Ferreira, Sarah W. Nelson, M. Pairis-Garcia, A. Arruda","doi":"10.54846/jshap/1215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54846/jshap/1215","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The main objective of this study was to describe the use and limitations of tonsil scrapings (TS), oral fluids (OF), nasal swabs (NS), and environmental swabs (ES) to detect porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Materials and methods: Two PRRSV-positive growing pig farms using different PRRSV control strategies were enrolled in this study. Sampling began approximately 52- and 21-days post PRRSV exposure for farms 1 and 2, respectively, and occurred once a month for four months using fixed spatial sampling. Samples for OF and ES were collected at the pen level and TS and NS samples were collected at the individual level. All samples were tested using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: A total of 192 samples were collected over the study period: 48 TS, 48 OF, 48 NS, and 48 ES. Overall, 20 TS (41.6%), 0 OF (0.0%), 6 NS (12.5%), and 1 ES (2.1%) tested RT-PCR positive for PRRSV throughout this study. Implications: Tonsil scraping samples yielded more positive PRRSV RT-PCR results for longer time periods when compared to OF, NS, and ES for PRRSV detection in growing pigs. Tonsil scraping samples tested RT-PCR positive for PRRSV up to 168 days post exposure. Oral fluids, NS, and ES sampling methods for PRRSV detection in growing pig populations, particularly months after the initial infection or vaccination, should be used with caution given low RT-PCR positive samples found in this study.","PeriodicalId":17095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Swine Health and Production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49152899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ciara J. Jackson, Anna K. Johnson, K. Stalder, Roy Elder, T. Holck, P. Dubois, L. Karriker, L. Sadler, C. Stambuk
Objective: Determine the effect of drinker number (1, 2, or 3 drinkers/pen) on the frequency and duration for drinker visits, aggressive interactions in the drinker vicinity, drinker location preference, and water disappearance for 7-week-old nursery pigs. Materials and methods: Two hundred twenty-five, 7-week-old gilts identified with unique numbers were commercially housed (25 gilts/pen). Three treatments were compared with 3 pens/treatment: 1 drinker (treatment 1), 2 drinkers (treatment 2), and 3 drinkers (treatment 3). One camera was positioned over each drinker to record behavior between 7:00 am and 12:59 pm over 2 consecutive days. In addition, 1 water meter was installed on each water line to record water disappearance. Results: Pigs in treatment 3 visited and spent more time at the drinkers compared to the other 2 treatments (P = .02). Pigs in treatment 1 had more and longer duration of aggressive interactions in the drinker vicinity compared to the other 2 treatments between 7:00 am to 7:59 am (P = .02). When offered 3 drinkers, pigs spent the least amount of time at the drinker across from the feeder near the alleyway (P < .001). Total water disappearance was greatest for treatment 1 and least for treatment 2. Implications: Under study conditions, 3 drinkers increased visits and time at drinkers without increasing aggressive interactions. Pigs exhibited location preference when offered 3 drinkers. Results can inform producers on water placement in pens.
{"title":"Drinker to nursery pig ratio: Drinking behavior, aggression, and drinker location preference over 2 days","authors":"Ciara J. Jackson, Anna K. Johnson, K. Stalder, Roy Elder, T. Holck, P. Dubois, L. Karriker, L. Sadler, C. Stambuk","doi":"10.54846/jshap/1204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54846/jshap/1204","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Determine the effect of drinker number (1, 2, or 3 drinkers/pen) on the frequency and duration for drinker visits, aggressive interactions in the drinker vicinity, drinker location preference, and water disappearance for 7-week-old nursery pigs. Materials and methods: Two hundred twenty-five, 7-week-old gilts identified with unique numbers were commercially housed (25 gilts/pen). Three treatments were compared with 3 pens/treatment: 1 drinker (treatment 1), 2 drinkers (treatment 2), and 3 drinkers (treatment 3). One camera was positioned over each drinker to record behavior between 7:00 am and 12:59 pm over 2 consecutive days. In addition, 1 water meter was installed on each water line to record water disappearance. Results: Pigs in treatment 3 visited and spent more time at the drinkers compared to the other 2 treatments (P = .02). Pigs in treatment 1 had more and longer duration of aggressive interactions in the drinker vicinity compared to the other 2 treatments between 7:00 am to 7:59 am (P = .02). When offered 3 drinkers, pigs spent the least amount of time at the drinker across from the feeder near the alleyway (P < .001). Total water disappearance was greatest for treatment 1 and least for treatment 2. Implications: Under study conditions, 3 drinkers increased visits and time at drinkers without increasing aggressive interactions. Pigs exhibited location preference when offered 3 drinkers. Results can inform producers on water placement in pens.","PeriodicalId":17095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Swine Health and Production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46504408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Craig, J. C. Kim, C. Brewster, R. Smits, C. Braden, J. Pluske
Objective: To determine if feeding a larger diameter pellet increases creep feed intake and growth rate of piglets during lactation, especially that of gilt progeny (GP) compared to sow progeny (SP), and stimulates feed intake after weaning. Materials and methods: Over two replicates, GP and SP (n = 2070) were allocated to two creep feed treatments, receiving either a 4 mm diameter × 4 mm length pellet or a 9 mm diameter × 12 mm length pellet, from 3 days of age until weaning. After weaning, pigs were split into male and female pens according to the type of pellet fed in lactation and fed a common diet. Feed disappearance was recorded before and after weaning (up until 10 weeks of age), along with piglet growth performance and all piglet mortalities and removals. Results: Total creep feed disappearance in lactation was higher (P < .001) in litters offered the larger pellet, but litter weaning weight for GP was not improved (interaction, P > .05). Gilt progeny were weaned lighter (P < .001) than SP. After weaning, pigs offered the larger pellet during lactation showed a tendency to receive less medication (P = .07) than pigs offered the smaller pellet. Growth rate and feed intake after weaning were both stimulated (P = .02 and P = .09, respectively) in pigs offered the larger pellet during lactation irrespective of sex. Implications: Offering a larger pellet creep feed to piglets in lactation can improve postweaning performance and reduce the postweaning medication rate.
{"title":"Increasing creep pellet size improves creep feed disappearance of gilt and sow progeny in lactation and enhances pig production after weaning","authors":"J. Craig, J. C. Kim, C. Brewster, R. Smits, C. Braden, J. Pluske","doi":"10.54846/jshap/1211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54846/jshap/1211","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine if feeding a larger diameter pellet increases creep feed intake and growth rate of piglets during lactation, especially that of gilt progeny (GP) compared to sow progeny (SP), and stimulates feed intake after weaning. Materials and methods: Over two replicates, GP and SP (n = 2070) were allocated to two creep feed treatments, receiving either a 4 mm diameter × 4 mm length pellet or a 9 mm diameter × 12 mm length pellet, from 3 days of age until weaning. After weaning, pigs were split into male and female pens according to the type of pellet fed in lactation and fed a common diet. Feed disappearance was recorded before and after weaning (up until 10 weeks of age), along with piglet growth performance and all piglet mortalities and removals. Results: Total creep feed disappearance in lactation was higher (P < .001) in litters offered the larger pellet, but litter weaning weight for GP was not improved (interaction, P > .05). Gilt progeny were weaned lighter (P < .001) than SP. After weaning, pigs offered the larger pellet during lactation showed a tendency to receive less medication (P = .07) than pigs offered the smaller pellet. Growth rate and feed intake after weaning were both stimulated (P = .02 and P = .09, respectively) in pigs offered the larger pellet during lactation irrespective of sex. Implications: Offering a larger pellet creep feed to piglets in lactation can improve postweaning performance and reduce the postweaning medication rate.","PeriodicalId":17095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Swine Health and Production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43634131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Investigate diagnostic serology for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) infections in naturally infected and vaccinated pigs. Materials and methods: The APP status of 12 farms (A-L) was established by lung cultures and isolate serotyping. Screening enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detected antibodies to ApxIV antigen or multiple APP serotypes. Serotype-specific ELISAs were conducted for serotypes 5 and 7. Seven groups of farm F pigs (serotype 7) were moved to farm K (serotype 5). Autogenous vaccines (V1/V2) prepared from APP serotype 5 cultures from farm K and a commercial, killed APP vaccine (V3) containing serotypes 1, 7, and 15 were used to vaccinate pigs in each group twice or thrice at 3-week intervals, commencing at 10 weeks of age. Blood samples were analyzed with ELISAs specific for serotype 5 and ApxI and ApxII toxins. Serum titers were compared using an analysis of variance. Results: Serotypes 5, 7, 12, or 15 were present in lung cultures. The ApxIV screening ELISA and mix-serotype ELISA regularly detected serotypes 5, 7, and 15. Serotype 12 infections were detected in the mix-serotype ELISA, but not in the ApxIV assays. The serotype 5 or 7 specific ELISA regularly detected herd infections with the relevant serotype. Serotype 5 titers of pigs vaccinated with V1/V2 thrice were higher than those dosed twice with the equivalent volume (P < .05). Pigs receiving V3 showed no serotype 5 antibody response. The ApxI and II titers in V1/V2-vaccinated pigs were higher than controls. Implications: Screening and serotype-specific ELISAs verified APP status. Repeated serotype-specific autogenous APP vaccine doses provided a strong antibody response.
{"title":"Serologic monitoring of herds with and without bacterin vaccination for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae","authors":"Hugo Dunlop, S. McOrist","doi":"10.54846/jshap/1206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54846/jshap/1206","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Investigate diagnostic serology for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) infections in naturally infected and vaccinated pigs. Materials and methods: The APP status of 12 farms (A-L) was established by lung cultures and isolate serotyping. Screening enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detected antibodies to ApxIV antigen or multiple APP serotypes. Serotype-specific ELISAs were conducted for serotypes 5 and 7. Seven groups of farm F pigs (serotype 7) were moved to farm K (serotype 5). Autogenous vaccines (V1/V2) prepared from APP serotype 5 cultures from farm K and a commercial, killed APP vaccine (V3) containing serotypes 1, 7, and 15 were used to vaccinate pigs in each group twice or thrice at 3-week intervals, commencing at 10 weeks of age. Blood samples were analyzed with ELISAs specific for serotype 5 and ApxI and ApxII toxins. Serum titers were compared using an analysis of variance. Results: Serotypes 5, 7, 12, or 15 were present in lung cultures. The ApxIV screening ELISA and mix-serotype ELISA regularly detected serotypes 5, 7, and 15. Serotype 12 infections were detected in the mix-serotype ELISA, but not in the ApxIV assays. The serotype 5 or 7 specific ELISA regularly detected herd infections with the relevant serotype. Serotype 5 titers of pigs vaccinated with V1/V2 thrice were higher than those dosed twice with the equivalent volume (P < .05). Pigs receiving V3 showed no serotype 5 antibody response. The ApxI and II titers in V1/V2-vaccinated pigs were higher than controls. Implications: Screening and serotype-specific ELISAs verified APP status. Repeated serotype-specific autogenous APP vaccine doses provided a strong antibody response.","PeriodicalId":17095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Swine Health and Production","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70951847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. van Kessel, S. Strom, Hans Deason, E. V. Van Moorlehem, N. Bérubé, S. Hauta, C. Fernando, J. Hill, T. Fonstad, V. Gerdts
Objective: Biosecurity in swine transport trailers is of concern for spreading pathogens between premises, and as such, they require extensive cleaning and disinfection between loads. Our goal in this study was to find the optimal time and temperature required to heat inactivate swine pathogens of high concern to producers in a laboratory setting to then be extrapolated to transport trailers. Materials and methods: Using standard microbiological techniques for growth and purification, 5 bacterial and 5 viral pathogens important in swine health were produced and tested. Heat inactivation of these pathogens were tested in the lab using several time and temperature combinations. Fecal matter was added to test the effect of biological material on the time and temperatures required for inactivation. Results: Inactivation was complete for viruses and bacteria tested when heated to 75°C for 15 minutes. The presence of fecal matter resulted in increased time and temperature needed for pathogen inactivation. Implications: Heat baking of transport trailers is now being applied as a useful tool to reduce the transmission of pathogens commonly associated with swine disease. However, operators must ensure consistent heating to 75°C for a minimum of 15 minutes in all areas of the trailer for reliable inactivation. Cleaning trailers plays an important role prior to heat treatment, as the presence of fecal contamination will insulate the pathogens and inactivation may not be complete even at 75°C for 15 minutes.
{"title":"Time and temperature requirements for heat inactivation of pathogens to be applied to swine transport trailers","authors":"J. van Kessel, S. Strom, Hans Deason, E. V. Van Moorlehem, N. Bérubé, S. Hauta, C. Fernando, J. Hill, T. Fonstad, V. Gerdts","doi":"10.54846/jshap/1193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54846/jshap/1193","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Biosecurity in swine transport trailers is of concern for spreading pathogens between premises, and as such, they require extensive cleaning and disinfection between loads. Our goal in this study was to find the optimal time and temperature required to heat inactivate swine pathogens of high concern to producers in a laboratory setting to then be extrapolated to transport trailers. Materials and methods: Using standard microbiological techniques for growth and purification, 5 bacterial and 5 viral pathogens important in swine health were produced and tested. Heat inactivation of these pathogens were tested in the lab using several time and temperature combinations. Fecal matter was added to test the effect of biological material on the time and temperatures required for inactivation. Results: Inactivation was complete for viruses and bacteria tested when heated to 75°C for 15 minutes. The presence of fecal matter resulted in increased time and temperature needed for pathogen inactivation. Implications: Heat baking of transport trailers is now being applied as a useful tool to reduce the transmission of pathogens commonly associated with swine disease. However, operators must ensure consistent heating to 75°C for a minimum of 15 minutes in all areas of the trailer for reliable inactivation. Cleaning trailers plays an important role prior to heat treatment, as the presence of fecal contamination will insulate the pathogens and inactivation may not be complete even at 75°C for 15 minutes.","PeriodicalId":17095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Swine Health and Production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47019465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. F. Gourgues, E. Fano, A. Sabaté, Elisa López Grasa, I. Caravaca, F. A. G. Vázquez, V. Vega, B. Garcia-Morante
Objective: This study assessed the efficacy of nebulization (NEB), also known as fogging, to expose gilts to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae under field conditions as a potential acclimation strategy. Materials and methods: Phase I consisted of 448 M hyopneumoniae-free gilts from four different batches of a gilt development unit (GDU). On study day 0, batches 1 and 2 were exposed to M hyopneumoniae-positive lung homogenate via intratracheal (IT) route and were used as reference for batches 3 and 4, which were exposed using a mechanical fogger. Tracheobronchial swabs (TBS) were collected at 2 and 4 weeks post exposure (D14 and D28, respectively) and infection success was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction of pooled samples. In phase II, 1160 gilts from the same GDU belonging to three different batches (5 to 7) were exposed to M hyopneumoniae via NEB, and TBS were collected at D14. Results: In phase I, no statistically significant differences were observed between IT and NEB exposure in proportion of positives and mean cycle threshold values of TBS pooled samples at any time point (D14 and D28). In phase II, TBS pooled samples from all batches were positive for M hyopneumoniae at D14. Implications: Nebulization of lung homogenate positive for M hyopneumoniae resulted in infection of commercial gilts with this pathogen. Therefore, the use of NEB may be a reliable M hyopneumoniae exposure method under field conditions. The information generated in this investigation broadens the understanding of this technology as an acclimation strategy.
{"title":"Assessment of nebulization technology for gilt exposure to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae as an acclimation strategy","authors":"S. F. Gourgues, E. Fano, A. Sabaté, Elisa López Grasa, I. Caravaca, F. A. G. Vázquez, V. Vega, B. Garcia-Morante","doi":"10.54846/jshap/1180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54846/jshap/1180","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study assessed the efficacy of nebulization (NEB), also known as fogging, to expose gilts to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae under field conditions as a potential acclimation strategy. Materials and methods: Phase I consisted of 448 M hyopneumoniae-free gilts from four different batches of a gilt development unit (GDU). On study day 0, batches 1 and 2 were exposed to M hyopneumoniae-positive lung homogenate via intratracheal (IT) route and were used as reference for batches 3 and 4, which were exposed using a mechanical fogger. Tracheobronchial swabs (TBS) were collected at 2 and 4 weeks post exposure (D14 and D28, respectively) and infection success was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction of pooled samples. In phase II, 1160 gilts from the same GDU belonging to three different batches (5 to 7) were exposed to M hyopneumoniae via NEB, and TBS were collected at D14. Results: In phase I, no statistically significant differences were observed between IT and NEB exposure in proportion of positives and mean cycle threshold values of TBS pooled samples at any time point (D14 and D28). In phase II, TBS pooled samples from all batches were positive for M hyopneumoniae at D14. Implications: Nebulization of lung homogenate positive for M hyopneumoniae resulted in infection of commercial gilts with this pathogen. Therefore, the use of NEB may be a reliable M hyopneumoniae exposure method under field conditions. The information generated in this investigation broadens the understanding of this technology as an acclimation strategy.","PeriodicalId":17095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Swine Health and Production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42369646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This case study characterizes breeding performance related to unintentional dietary intake of phytoestrogenic compounds. Breeder farms A (affected) and B (unaffected) were under single management and supplied by two unconnected feed mills. Breeding parameters were recorded over 2 years and feed analyzed for mycotoxins and isoflavonoids. Farm B had consistently better breeding performance. Clinical signs of hyperestrogenism (vulval tumefaction, mammary gland dysfunction, and delayed estrus) were evident in 5% to 10% of breeding females on farm A. Mycotoxin concentrations were negligible, but phytoestrogenic isoflavonoid concentrations associated with one source of soybean meal were above 55,000 µg/kg on farm A.
{"title":"Clinical hyperestrogenism associated with unintentional phytoestrogenic soybean intake","authors":"Josh Timmer, D. Holden, P. Scott, S. McOrist","doi":"10.54846/jshap/1192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54846/jshap/1192","url":null,"abstract":"This case study characterizes breeding performance related to unintentional dietary intake of phytoestrogenic compounds. Breeder farms A (affected) and B (unaffected) were under single management and supplied by two unconnected feed mills. Breeding parameters were recorded over 2 years and feed analyzed for mycotoxins and isoflavonoids. Farm B had consistently better breeding performance. Clinical signs of hyperestrogenism (vulval tumefaction, mammary gland dysfunction, and delayed estrus) were evident in 5% to 10% of breeding females on farm A. Mycotoxin concentrations were negligible, but phytoestrogenic isoflavonoid concentrations associated with one source of soybean meal were above 55,000 µg/kg on farm A.","PeriodicalId":17095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Swine Health and Production","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70952011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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