Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.12783/issn.1544-8053/13/1/10
Ping Shi, Linglong Cao Jian Xie Haitao Tian Yanhui Zhai Jun Shi
Potential contamination risks and relevance of source identification for fivetrace metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Pb) from surficial sediments obtained in Haikou Baywere investigated by applying a set of multivariate analysis methods for the first time. Itwas demonstrated that metal concentrations reflecting distribution features for the metalsof interest were slightly higher on the east side than those on the west side. A risk assessmentconclusion revealed potential contamination areas were present in the vicinityof highly intense human development activities. Speciation obtained by an optimizedBCR sequential extraction technique demonstrated that As and Cr were dominated byresidual fraction. However, Pb, Cu, and Cd were mainly composed with non-residualfractions and of high bioavailability indicating these trace metals had significant anthropogenicsources. The relationship between content characteristics and trace metal fractionswas revealed by Pearsons’ correlation analysis. Hierarchical cluster analysis suggestedthat Pb, Cu, and Cd had similar sources relevant to anthropogenic sources andconfirmed by chemical speciation analysis. Results provide a base for the local authorityin the area of interest to monitor long term contribution of trace metals in coastal sedimentsand then apply strategies to address the polluted sediments.
{"title":"Trace Metals Risk Evaluation and Pollution Identification inSurficial Sediment from the Haikou Bay, South China Sea","authors":"Ping Shi, Linglong Cao Jian Xie Haitao Tian Yanhui Zhai Jun Shi","doi":"10.12783/issn.1544-8053/13/1/10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12783/issn.1544-8053/13/1/10","url":null,"abstract":"Potential contamination risks and relevance of source identification for fivetrace metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Pb) from surficial sediments obtained in Haikou Baywere investigated by applying a set of multivariate analysis methods for the first time. Itwas demonstrated that metal concentrations reflecting distribution features for the metalsof interest were slightly higher on the east side than those on the west side. A risk assessmentconclusion revealed potential contamination areas were present in the vicinityof highly intense human development activities. Speciation obtained by an optimizedBCR sequential extraction technique demonstrated that As and Cr were dominated byresidual fraction. However, Pb, Cu, and Cd were mainly composed with non-residualfractions and of high bioavailability indicating these trace metals had significant anthropogenicsources. The relationship between content characteristics and trace metal fractionswas revealed by Pearsons’ correlation analysis. Hierarchical cluster analysis suggestedthat Pb, Cu, and Cd had similar sources relevant to anthropogenic sources andconfirmed by chemical speciation analysis. Results provide a base for the local authorityin the area of interest to monitor long term contribution of trace metals in coastal sedimentsand then apply strategies to address the polluted sediments.","PeriodicalId":17101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Residuals Science & Technology","volume":"263 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72424959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.12783/ISSN.1544-8053/13/4/S16
W. Xue, X. H. Wang, R. Zheng
The merits of high performance concrete (HPC) and fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) could be combined for using in the concrete structures to improve the structural mechanical behavior. Six beams cast with HPC and prestressed with Carbon FRP (CFRP) strands were tested and discussed in this paper. Test variables included partial prestressing ratio (PPR) of CFRP strands and material of reinforcements (steel and Glass FRP). Test results indicated that all the beams failed in two modes, i.e., compression failure mode and tension failure mode. The ultimate deflection of all the beams reached 1/70-1/41 of the spans and the ductility coefficients of the steel reinforced beams were higher than 3.5 (except the one with the highest steel reinforcement ratio), indicating good deformability and ductility. An increase in partial prestressing ratio (PPR) had a positive effect on ductility. The ductility of Glass FRP reinforced beam was much lower than that of steel reinforced beams while the deformability was quite similar.
{"title":"Mechanical Behaviors of High Performance Concrete Beams Prestressed with CFRP Strands","authors":"W. Xue, X. H. Wang, R. Zheng","doi":"10.12783/ISSN.1544-8053/13/4/S16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12783/ISSN.1544-8053/13/4/S16","url":null,"abstract":"The merits of high performance concrete (HPC) and fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) could be combined for using in the concrete structures to improve the structural mechanical behavior. Six beams cast with HPC and prestressed with Carbon FRP (CFRP) strands were tested and discussed in this paper. Test variables included partial prestressing ratio (PPR) of CFRP strands and material of reinforcements (steel and Glass FRP). Test results indicated that all the beams failed in two modes, i.e., compression failure mode and tension failure mode. The ultimate deflection of all the beams reached 1/70-1/41 of the spans and the ductility coefficients of the steel reinforced beams were higher than 3.5 (except the one with the highest steel reinforcement ratio), indicating good deformability and ductility. An increase in partial prestressing ratio (PPR) had a positive effect on ductility. The ductility of Glass FRP reinforced beam was much lower than that of steel reinforced beams while the deformability was quite similar.","PeriodicalId":17101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Residuals Science & Technology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84413604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.12783/ISSN.1544-8053/13/2/S9
Lin Chiou-Liang, Wu Min-Hao, Hsu Tzu-Pin
This study explored the constituents of syngas and the distribution of chromium metal when different calcium compounds (Ca(NO3)2, CaCO3 and CaO) were used as additives. In this experiment, artificially simulated waste was taken as the biomass for gasification and chromium metal was used as the heavy metal in the simulated waste. The syngas composition, the yield of H2 and the retention of chromium metal were analyzed. Results showed that all the three calcium compounds could increase the proportion of H2, but that there was no significant difference between them. The contents of chromium in the bed materials with different particle size were measured and displayed that the concentrations of chromium were higher in the bed materials with particle diameters above 1.00 mm and below 0.35 mm. Under the operation temperature of 700°C, the calcium compounds retained the highest content of chromium metal, for it evaporated only a little under this low temperature. Therefore, adding calcium compounds into the fluidized bed during the gasification of the waste could enhance the yield of H2 in the syngases and increase the content of retained chromium metal in the sand bed.
{"title":"Addition of Calcium Compounds Improve the Yield of Hydrogen and Retention of Chromium Metal during the Gasification of Simulated Waste","authors":"Lin Chiou-Liang, Wu Min-Hao, Hsu Tzu-Pin","doi":"10.12783/ISSN.1544-8053/13/2/S9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12783/ISSN.1544-8053/13/2/S9","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored the constituents of syngas and the distribution of chromium metal when different calcium compounds (Ca(NO3)2, CaCO3 and CaO) were used as additives. In this experiment, artificially simulated waste was taken as the biomass for gasification and chromium metal was used as the heavy metal in the simulated waste. The syngas composition, the yield of H2 and the retention of chromium metal were analyzed. Results showed that all the three calcium compounds could increase the proportion of H2, but that there was no significant difference between them. The contents of chromium in the bed materials with different particle size were measured and displayed that the concentrations of chromium were higher in the bed materials with particle diameters above 1.00 mm and below 0.35 mm. Under the operation temperature of 700°C, the calcium compounds retained the highest content of chromium metal, for it evaporated only a little under this low temperature. Therefore, adding calcium compounds into the fluidized bed during the gasification of the waste could enhance the yield of H2 in the syngases and increase the content of retained chromium metal in the sand bed.","PeriodicalId":17101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Residuals Science & Technology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84127960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.12783/issn.1544-8053/13/1/2
Xian Zou, H. Wang
Natural attapulgite modified using acid activation, heat treatment, and organicmodification was investigated as a humic acid adsorbent and an optimal modificationmethod was confirmed. Results suggest that acid activation should be performedfirst and followed by organic modification. Optimum dosage of modified attapulgite was0.7 g/L and the humic acid removal rate reached 97%. Optimum modification conditionswere as follows: acid concentration at 3 mol/L, sodium chloride concentration at 0.5mol/L, sodium treatment duration was 2 h, modifier amount was 3%, and microwavemodification time was 9 min. Modified attapulgite prepared as such may be beneficial forwater treatment processes.
{"title":"Optimized Preparation of Directional Modified Attapulgiteand its Application to Adsorbance of Humic Acidin Polluted Raw Water Effluent","authors":"Xian Zou, H. Wang","doi":"10.12783/issn.1544-8053/13/1/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12783/issn.1544-8053/13/1/2","url":null,"abstract":"Natural attapulgite modified using acid activation, heat treatment, and organicmodification was investigated as a humic acid adsorbent and an optimal modificationmethod was confirmed. Results suggest that acid activation should be performedfirst and followed by organic modification. Optimum dosage of modified attapulgite was0.7 g/L and the humic acid removal rate reached 97%. Optimum modification conditionswere as follows: acid concentration at 3 mol/L, sodium chloride concentration at 0.5mol/L, sodium treatment duration was 2 h, modifier amount was 3%, and microwavemodification time was 9 min. Modified attapulgite prepared as such may be beneficial forwater treatment processes.","PeriodicalId":17101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Residuals Science & Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84153196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1504/ijris.2017.090048
Kangyou Liang, Ling-ling Yuan, Yuhang Tan
The influence of unbalanced installation of single-phase DG unit with harmonic compensation function in three-phase and three-wire public power grid shows that there will be risk for the unbalanced installation to increase the three-phase current of the power grid. In order to overcome this problem, balanced triple-frequency harmonic function is proposed for the purpose of avoiding the increase in three-phase power grid current. In addition, compared with the traditional method, such method is also capable of reducing the rated power of harmonic current compensation. In order to verify the effectiveness of the method proposed, the balance and unbalanced conditions are verified in experiment and the experimental circuit is a simplified system based on actual three-phase three-wire system. In order to avoid the increase in the harmonic current, a balanced third harmonic suppression method is proposed. Finally, performance of the algorithm proposed has been verified through experiment.
{"title":"Harmonic Analysis and Detection of Power System based on Double Moment Wavelet Transform","authors":"Kangyou Liang, Ling-ling Yuan, Yuhang Tan","doi":"10.1504/ijris.2017.090048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijris.2017.090048","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of unbalanced installation of single-phase DG unit with harmonic compensation function in three-phase and three-wire public power grid shows that there will be risk for the unbalanced installation to increase the three-phase current of the power grid. In order to overcome this problem, balanced triple-frequency harmonic function is proposed for the purpose of avoiding the increase in three-phase power grid current. In addition, compared with the traditional method, such method is also capable of reducing the rated power of harmonic current compensation. In order to verify the effectiveness of the method proposed, the balance and unbalanced conditions are verified in experiment and the experimental circuit is a simplified system based on actual three-phase three-wire system. In order to avoid the increase in the harmonic current, a balanced third harmonic suppression method is proposed. Finally, performance of the algorithm proposed has been verified through experiment.","PeriodicalId":17101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Residuals Science & Technology","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83110344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.12783/ISSN.1544-8053/13/2/S22
Yalong Liao, Fei Zhou
Iron, copper and zinc were separated and recycled from dumped copper slag using a carbothermic method in the presence of microwave irradiation. Iron in the form of fayalite and magnetite in the slag was reduced to metal iron while zinc was evaporated and captured as zinc oxide powder. Results indicated that metallization rate of iron could reach 91.38~93.45 wt% and zinc recovery efficiency was 90.5 wt% when the new methodology was employed, and that reaction temperature was 100°C lower compared to that of traditional processes, reaction time of the new process was decreased by 90 min.
{"title":"Separating and Recycling of Fe, Cu, Zn from Dumped Copper Slag by Microwave IrradiationAssisted Carbothermic Method","authors":"Yalong Liao, Fei Zhou","doi":"10.12783/ISSN.1544-8053/13/2/S22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12783/ISSN.1544-8053/13/2/S22","url":null,"abstract":"Iron, copper and zinc were separated and recycled from dumped copper slag using a carbothermic method in the presence of microwave irradiation. Iron in the form of fayalite and magnetite in the slag was reduced to metal iron while zinc was evaporated and captured as zinc oxide powder. Results indicated that metallization rate of iron could reach 91.38~93.45 wt% and zinc recovery efficiency was 90.5 wt% when the new methodology was employed, and that reaction temperature was 100°C lower compared to that of traditional processes, reaction time of the new process was decreased by 90 min.","PeriodicalId":17101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Residuals Science & Technology","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90486879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates some mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) with 50-year-old recycled coarse aggregate (RCA), and theoretically analyzes the corresponding RAC stress-strain curves relative to those of normal aggregate concrete. Concrete prism specimens, including 66 standard prisms and 33 nonstandard ones, were fabricated and tested through 11 groups of RCA replacement ratios from 0% to 100% with an interval of 10%. On this basis, the standard prism compressive strength at ages of 28 days and two years, the flexural strength of the nonstandard prism, the cube strength after flexural test and the strain at the maximum standard prism compressive stress for 28 days, as well as Poisson’s ratio of the standard prisms for two years was investigated. Finally, analytical expressions were proposed for predicting the peak strain, the stress-strain curves of RAC and the strength conversion relationships.
{"title":"A Case Study on Utilization of 50-year-old Concrete in Recycled Aggregate","authors":"Zongping Chen, Jinjun Xu, Yuliang Chen, Chenggui Jing","doi":"10.12783/ISSN.1544-8053/13/4/S19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12783/ISSN.1544-8053/13/4/S19","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates some mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) with 50-year-old recycled coarse aggregate (RCA), and theoretically analyzes the corresponding RAC stress-strain curves relative to those of normal aggregate concrete. Concrete prism specimens, including 66 standard prisms and 33 nonstandard ones, were fabricated and tested through 11 groups of RCA replacement ratios from 0% to 100% with an interval of 10%. On this basis, the standard prism compressive strength at ages of 28 days and two years, the flexural strength of the nonstandard prism, the cube strength after flexural test and the strain at the maximum standard prism compressive stress for 28 days, as well as Poisson’s ratio of the standard prisms for two years was investigated. Finally, analytical expressions were proposed for predicting the peak strain, the stress-strain curves of RAC and the strength conversion relationships.","PeriodicalId":17101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Residuals Science & Technology","volume":"282 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86740914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.12783/ISSN.1544-8053/13/2/S20
Yangyang Liang, Suqin Li, Bin Li
Coke plant wastewater containing lots of toxic organic pollutants should be treated before being discharged into the environment. It is challenging to treat toxic and refractory compounds using conventional methods. In this study, a UV-Fenton technology was investigated. When the initial COD, NH3-N concentration and SS of wastewater were 5080 mg/L, 329.9 mg/L, and 847.7 mg/L, results showed that the removal rate of COD, NH3-N and SS were 88.0%, 58.4% and 99.2% respectively under the optimal reaction conditions. Under the identified optimal condition, H2O2 concentration is 75 mmol/L, the concentration ratio of H2O2 and Fe2+ is 3:1, and original pH is 4 within 30 min. GC-MS analysis, revealed that organic substances such as indole and quinoline were degraded effectually.
{"title":"Removal of Toxic Organic Pollutants from Coke Plant Wastewater by UV-Fenton","authors":"Yangyang Liang, Suqin Li, Bin Li","doi":"10.12783/ISSN.1544-8053/13/2/S20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12783/ISSN.1544-8053/13/2/S20","url":null,"abstract":"Coke plant wastewater containing lots of toxic organic pollutants should be treated before being discharged into the environment. It is challenging to treat toxic and refractory compounds using conventional methods. In this study, a UV-Fenton technology was investigated. When the initial COD, NH3-N concentration and SS of wastewater were 5080 mg/L, 329.9 mg/L, and 847.7 mg/L, results showed that the removal rate of COD, NH3-N and SS were 88.0%, 58.4% and 99.2% respectively under the optimal reaction conditions. Under the identified optimal condition, H2O2 concentration is 75 mmol/L, the concentration ratio of H2O2 and Fe2+ is 3:1, and original pH is 4 within 30 min. GC-MS analysis, revealed that organic substances such as indole and quinoline were degraded effectually.","PeriodicalId":17101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Residuals Science & Technology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88161348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.12783/ISSN.1544-8053/13/2/9
A. Tamimi, B. Athamneh, C. Gerba, W. Suleiman
Biosolids with different loading rates were applied to soil planted with rainfedbarley to study the effects of applying biosolids on soil and on barley’s straws andgrains yield. Randomized Complete Block experimental design was employed with 5treatments. This included a control and four replicates to test the null hypothesis whichstates that there is no significant difference between treatment means on crop and soilparameters vs. the research hypothesis which states applying biosolids to land plantedwith rain-fed barley affects both soil and crop parameters. Biosolids loading rates were0 as a control, 2, 4, 6, and 8 metric tons/ha. Soil at the testing site had a high clay content in the sub-soil and relatively lower claycontent on the surface, probably due to wind erosion. The soil was slightly calcareouswith lime content increasing with depth and with a slight alkalinity. Organic matter andphosphorus contents of soil were low with colors that varied from reddish brown to yellowishbrown. At harvesting time, there was no significant differences in grain yields at different biosolidsloading rates with a p-value of 0.52. Average grain yields of 2.86, 3.37, 3.4, 3.57,and 3.20 tons/ha were measured at biosolids loading rates of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 tons/ha,respectively. Average grain yield of 3.00 for a recommended inorganic fertilizer rate of diammoniumphosphate and Urea traditionally applied at rates of 90 kg/ha and 20 kg/ha,respectively, showed a yield higher than the 0 biosolids loading rate. However, it waslower than all other biosolids loading rates. It was determined that applying biosolids to soils planted with rain-fed barley significantlyincreased straw yield and straw protein content. No significant increase in grainyield or in grain protein content was measured. It was also determined that a statisticalsignificant decrease in the thousand grain weight occurs as biosolids loading rates increasedwith a p-value < 0.000001. This has negative effects on barley’s grain quality.No significant increase in heavy metals in the crop or the soil was observed in thebiosolids treated plots. However, increases in soil organic carbon, total Kjeldahl nitrogenand salt concentrations were increased with increasing biosolids loading rates. The null hypothesis tested in this study showed that applying biosolids to soils plantedwith rain-fed barley had positive effects on the crop with no effects on the soil in comparisonwith no application of biosolids and the application of inorganic fertilizer.
{"title":"Biosolids Application for Barley Production","authors":"A. Tamimi, B. Athamneh, C. Gerba, W. Suleiman","doi":"10.12783/ISSN.1544-8053/13/2/9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12783/ISSN.1544-8053/13/2/9","url":null,"abstract":"Biosolids with different loading rates were applied to soil planted with rainfedbarley to study the effects of applying biosolids on soil and on barley’s straws andgrains yield. Randomized Complete Block experimental design was employed with 5treatments. This included a control and four replicates to test the null hypothesis whichstates that there is no significant difference between treatment means on crop and soilparameters vs. the research hypothesis which states applying biosolids to land plantedwith rain-fed barley affects both soil and crop parameters. Biosolids loading rates were0 as a control, 2, 4, 6, and 8 metric tons/ha. Soil at the testing site had a high clay content in the sub-soil and relatively lower claycontent on the surface, probably due to wind erosion. The soil was slightly calcareouswith lime content increasing with depth and with a slight alkalinity. Organic matter andphosphorus contents of soil were low with colors that varied from reddish brown to yellowishbrown. At harvesting time, there was no significant differences in grain yields at different biosolidsloading rates with a p-value of 0.52. Average grain yields of 2.86, 3.37, 3.4, 3.57,and 3.20 tons/ha were measured at biosolids loading rates of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 tons/ha,respectively. Average grain yield of 3.00 for a recommended inorganic fertilizer rate of diammoniumphosphate and Urea traditionally applied at rates of 90 kg/ha and 20 kg/ha,respectively, showed a yield higher than the 0 biosolids loading rate. However, it waslower than all other biosolids loading rates. It was determined that applying biosolids to soils planted with rain-fed barley significantlyincreased straw yield and straw protein content. No significant increase in grainyield or in grain protein content was measured. It was also determined that a statisticalsignificant decrease in the thousand grain weight occurs as biosolids loading rates increasedwith a p-value < 0.000001. This has negative effects on barley’s grain quality.No significant increase in heavy metals in the crop or the soil was observed in thebiosolids treated plots. However, increases in soil organic carbon, total Kjeldahl nitrogenand salt concentrations were increased with increasing biosolids loading rates. The null hypothesis tested in this study showed that applying biosolids to soils plantedwith rain-fed barley had positive effects on the crop with no effects on the soil in comparisonwith no application of biosolids and the application of inorganic fertilizer.","PeriodicalId":17101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Residuals Science & Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":"153-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88727011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.12783/ISSN.1544-8053/13/3/2
I. Deviatkin, J. Havukainen, M. Horttanainen
This study systematically assessed and compared four ash recycling possibilities, namely forest fertilization, landfill construction, road construction, and road stabilization through the use of cost-benefit analysis and life cycle assessment methods. The results indicated that forest fertilization with ash was the most economically attractive method with a 60% increase in the net present value compared to ash landfilling, while reducing the environmental impact by 0.3%. On the contrary, road construction with ash resulted in a 13% reduction in the environmental impact and an increase in net present value of 25%. Landfill construction with ash was overall the least attractive proposition.
{"title":"Systematic Approach to Identifying Economically Feasible and Environmentally Benign Methods of Recycling Ash on a Regional Scale","authors":"I. Deviatkin, J. Havukainen, M. Horttanainen","doi":"10.12783/ISSN.1544-8053/13/3/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12783/ISSN.1544-8053/13/3/2","url":null,"abstract":"This study systematically assessed and compared four ash recycling possibilities, namely forest fertilization, landfill construction, road construction, and road stabilization through the use of cost-benefit analysis and life cycle assessment methods. The results indicated that forest fertilization with ash was the most economically attractive method with a 60% increase in the net present value compared to ash landfilling, while reducing the environmental impact by 0.3%. On the contrary, road construction with ash resulted in a 13% reduction in the environmental impact and an increase in net present value of 25%. Landfill construction with ash was overall the least attractive proposition.","PeriodicalId":17101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Residuals Science & Technology","volume":"54 1","pages":"185-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88732402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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