This paper reports the use of Electron Parametric Resonance (EPR) for preliminary investigation of radicals formed from P,p'-dioctyldiphenylamine (‘Irganox’, an antioxidant) during heating in a synthetic aviation lubricant base oil di-2-ethylhexylsebacate. Relative concentrations of radicals were found to be dependent on temperature. The results seem generally to support the concept that the antioxidant concerned is an effective scavenger of certain reactive peroxide radicals.
本文报道了用电子参数共振(EPR)对合成航空润滑油基础油二-2-乙基己基癸二酸酯中P, P '-二辛基二苯胺(' Irganox '，一种抗氧化剂)在加热过程中形成的自由基进行了初步研究。发现自由基的相对浓度与温度有关。结果似乎普遍支持这一概念，即有关抗氧化剂是某些活性过氧化自由基的有效清除剂。
{"title":"EPR study of antioxidant action of P,p'‐dioctyldiphenyl amine","authors":"G. Kozakowski, W. Kołodziejski","doi":"10.1002/JSL.3000070305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/JSL.3000070305","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the use of Electron Parametric Resonance (EPR) for preliminary investigation of radicals formed from P,p'-dioctyldiphenylamine (‘Irganox’, an antioxidant) during heating in a synthetic aviation lubricant base oil di-2-ethylhexylsebacate. Relative concentrations of radicals were found to be dependent on temperature. The results seem generally to support the concept that the antioxidant concerned is an effective scavenger of certain reactive peroxide radicals.","PeriodicalId":17149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synthetic Lubrication","volume":"75 1","pages":"229-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81057604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Shkolnikov, O. N. Zvetkov, M. A. Chagina, G. V. Kolessova
Polyalphaolefin-based lubricating oils were tested on a four-ball tester, and in a stability test, with antiwear and antioxidant additives of different types, along with other (petroleum and alkylbenzene) base oils and additives. Antioxidant additives for PAOs essentially influence their thermo-oxidation stability. It was found that binary inhibitors increased thermo-oxidation stability effectively. In the antiwear tests, the addition of additives to PAOs sharply decreased wear scar diameters. A significant difference was observed in the action of small concentrations of antiwear additives as between PAO, alkylbenzene and mineral oils. Explanations of this behaviour are put forward.
{"title":"Improvement of antioxidation and antiwear properties of polyalphaolefin oils","authors":"V. Shkolnikov, O. N. Zvetkov, M. A. Chagina, G. V. Kolessova","doi":"10.1002/JSL.3000070306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/JSL.3000070306","url":null,"abstract":"Polyalphaolefin-based lubricating oils were tested on a four-ball tester, and in a stability test, with antiwear and antioxidant additives of different types, along with other (petroleum and alkylbenzene) base oils and additives. Antioxidant additives for PAOs essentially influence their thermo-oxidation stability. It was found that binary inhibitors increased thermo-oxidation stability effectively. In the antiwear tests, the addition of additives to PAOs sharply decreased wear scar diameters. A significant difference was observed in the action of small concentrations of antiwear additives as between PAO, alkylbenzene and mineral oils. Explanations of this behaviour are put forward.","PeriodicalId":17149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synthetic Lubrication","volume":"88 1","pages":"235-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84324969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. S. Coffin, C. M. Lindsay, A. J. Mills, H. Lindenkamp, J. Fuhrmann
Article qui fait le point sur l'evolution des lubrifiants utilises dans le secteur de l'automobile : composition chimique, additifs, proprietes physico-chimiques, performances
这篇文章回顾了汽车行业润滑油的发展:化学成分，添加剂，物理化学性能，性能
{"title":"The application of synthetic fluids to automotive lubricant development: Trends today and tomorrow","authors":"P. S. Coffin, C. M. Lindsay, A. J. Mills, H. Lindenkamp, J. Fuhrmann","doi":"10.1002/JSL.3000070204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/JSL.3000070204","url":null,"abstract":"Article qui fait le point sur l'evolution des lubrifiants utilises dans le secteur de l'automobile : composition chimique, additifs, proprietes physico-chimiques, performances","PeriodicalId":17149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synthetic Lubrication","volume":"43 1","pages":"123-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78646900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper covers different parameters influencing the elastomer compatibility of aviation turbine oils. It looks first at the chemistry of rubbers and oils, and then at the chemistry and physics of the interactions of elastomer thermodynamics and oils. The applicability of theory is then demonstrated and judged by means of a practical example.
{"title":"Testing the elastomer compatibility of aviation turbine oils","authors":"W. Uedelhoven","doi":"10.1002/JSL.3000070203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/JSL.3000070203","url":null,"abstract":"This paper covers different parameters influencing the elastomer compatibility of aviation turbine oils. It looks first at the chemistry of rubbers and oils, and then at the chemistry and physics of the interactions of elastomer thermodynamics and oils. The applicability of theory is then demonstrated and judged by means of a practical example.","PeriodicalId":17149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synthetic Lubrication","volume":"30 1","pages":"105-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90794570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the correlation between the physical and rheological properties of neopentypolyol ester used as a base oil for synthetic lubricants and the alkyl clash of the carboxylic acid used in preparation of the esters. Kinematic viscosity, viscosity index, flash point and freezing point were examined for fluids prepared by the authors, and their relationships to length and nature of the chains. The resulting data are presented.
{"title":"Correlations between the structure, physical and rheological properties in the class of neopentylpolyol esters used as lubricating oils","authors":"R. Nutui, M. Mǎtieş, M. Nutui","doi":"10.1002/JSL.3000070205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/JSL.3000070205","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the correlation between the physical and rheological properties of neopentypolyol ester used as a base oil for synthetic lubricants and the alkyl clash of the carboxylic acid used in preparation of the esters. Kinematic viscosity, viscosity index, flash point and freezing point were examined for fluids prepared by the authors, and their relationships to length and nature of the chains. The resulting data are presented.","PeriodicalId":17149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synthetic Lubrication","volume":"19 1","pages":"145-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89415254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, work is reported on the esteriflcation of various materials, where di-2-ethythexyl esters of succinic, adipic, azelaic and sebacic acid were prepared. Water produced by the reaction was separated continuously and the reaction progress was followed up by measurement of the acid content. Factors affecting the esterification were studied and the optimal conditions for conversion of about 92% to 95% (by weight) were found to be: temperature — 179°C; molar ratio of add to alcohol — 1:2.4; catalyst concentration — 3% (by weight) based on acid; agitation rate — 350 r/min.
{"title":"Optimal preparation conditions for some diester based synthetic lubricants","authors":"I. A. El-magly, E. Nasr, M. S. El-Samanoudy","doi":"10.1002/JSL.3000070202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/JSL.3000070202","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, work is reported on the esteriflcation of various materials, where di-2-ethythexyl esters of succinic, adipic, azelaic and sebacic acid were prepared. Water produced by the reaction was separated continuously and the reaction progress was followed up by measurement of the acid content. Factors affecting the esterification were studied and the optimal conditions for conversion of about 92% to 95% (by weight) were found to be: temperature — 179°C; molar ratio of add to alcohol — 1:2.4; catalyst concentration — 3% (by weight) based on acid; agitation rate — 350 r/min.","PeriodicalId":17149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synthetic Lubrication","volume":"31 1","pages":"89-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75894850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new lubricity additive for perfluoropolyalkylether (PFPAE) fluids was synthesized. A linear, unbranched fluid formulated with this additive was evaluated under boundary lubrication and elastohydrodynamic (EHD) lubrications. Performance of the base fluid imporved significantly with the incorporation of this additive.
{"title":"Development of a soluble lubricity additive for perfluoropolyalkylether fluids","authors":"Sashi Sharma, L. Gschwender, C. Snyder","doi":"10.1002/JSL.3000070103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/JSL.3000070103","url":null,"abstract":"A new lubricity additive for perfluoropolyalkylether (PFPAE) fluids was synthesized. A linear, unbranched fluid formulated with this additive was evaluated under boundary lubrication and elastohydrodynamic (EHD) lubrications. Performance of the base fluid imporved significantly with the incorporation of this additive.","PeriodicalId":17149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synthetic Lubrication","volume":"4 1","pages":"15-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86387169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A method is described in which capillary gas chromatographic data from aviation turbine oils are processed by methods of pattern recognition based on the chemometrics systempackage ‘Ein*Sight’. It allows an automatic, objective and quantitative comparison of the base oil components of production batches. This application can be used to advantage in a control scheme based on analytical data.
{"title":"Analysis and quality control of aviation turbine oils","authors":"P. Bartl, K. Seinsche","doi":"10.1002/JSL.3000070102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/JSL.3000070102","url":null,"abstract":"A method is described in which capillary gas chromatographic data from aviation turbine oils are processed by methods of pattern recognition based on the chemometrics systempackage ‘Ein*Sight’. It allows an automatic, objective and quantitative comparison of the base oil components of production batches. This application can be used to advantage in a control scheme based on analytical data.","PeriodicalId":17149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synthetic Lubrication","volume":"55 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87149924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polypropylene oligomers were used to formulate two-stroke (2T) engine oil for once-through lubrication systems, to enhance the exhaust emission characteristics of two-stroke engines. The oligomers alone are suitable from a stability viewpoint, but must be reinforced with polyol-ester components to have good load-carrying capability. Both ash-forming and ash-free commercial additive packages can be used to formulate the end-product. The exhaust stream includes the unburnt portion of the fuel:oil mixture. The lubricating oils formulated on polypropylene oligomer base do not contain polynuclear aromatics, the sulphur-dioxide emission is due to the sulphur content of the fuel and additive (if any). On a bench test, the hydrocarbon emission was significantly lower using polypropylene oil, in comparison to using a commercial mineral-oil-based composition.
{"title":"Synthetic two-stroke engine oil as a tool of exhaust emission control","authors":"A. Kovács, D. Olagos","doi":"10.1002/JSL.3000070105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/JSL.3000070105","url":null,"abstract":"Polypropylene oligomers were used to formulate two-stroke (2T) engine oil for once-through lubrication systems, to enhance the exhaust emission characteristics of two-stroke engines. The oligomers alone are suitable from a stability viewpoint, but must be reinforced with polyol-ester components to have good load-carrying capability. Both ash-forming and ash-free commercial additive packages can be used to formulate the end-product. The exhaust stream includes the unburnt portion of the fuel:oil mixture. The lubricating oils formulated on polypropylene oligomer base do not contain polynuclear aromatics, the sulphur-dioxide emission is due to the sulphur content of the fuel and additive (if any). On a bench test, the hydrocarbon emission was significantly lower using polypropylene oil, in comparison to using a commercial mineral-oil-based composition.","PeriodicalId":17149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synthetic Lubrication","volume":"80 1","pages":"47-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84040459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polyalphaolefins currently have a market share of less than 1 per cent in Europe, but this is expected to double in the next 5 years. This paper looks at additive response, rheology, volatility, and oxidation resistance of PAOs; of particular importance are their low temperature capabilities. The results of various tests are given, in comparison with mineral-based oils. In conclusion, research is under way to investigate the possibilities of ‘tailor-making’ PAOs by varying production process variables and using a variety of starting olefin streams.
{"title":"Current and future polyalphaolefins","authors":"J. Blackwell, J. Bullen, R. Shubkin","doi":"10.1002/JSL.3000070104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/JSL.3000070104","url":null,"abstract":"Polyalphaolefins currently have a market share of less than 1 per cent in Europe, but this is expected to double in the next 5 years. This paper looks at additive response, rheology, volatility, and oxidation resistance of PAOs; of particular importance are their low temperature capabilities. The results of various tests are given, in comparison with mineral-based oils. In conclusion, research is under way to investigate the possibilities of ‘tailor-making’ PAOs by varying production process variables and using a variety of starting olefin streams.","PeriodicalId":17149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synthetic Lubrication","volume":"68 1","pages":"25-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86066566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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