Pub Date : 2017-09-09DOI: 10.20425/IJTS.V13I01-02.9981
K. Nyabundi, P. Owuor, G. Netondo, J. Bore
Inter-University Council of East Africa (Lake VictoResearch Initiative (VicRes)); National Council of Scieand Technology (NACOSTI), Kenya; and Tea Research Institute, Kenya
{"title":"Seasonal and Environment Variations of Yields and Yield Components of Tea (Camellia sinensis) Cultivars in Kenya","authors":"K. Nyabundi, P. Owuor, G. Netondo, J. Bore","doi":"10.20425/IJTS.V13I01-02.9981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20425/IJTS.V13I01-02.9981","url":null,"abstract":"Inter-University Council of East Africa (Lake VictoResearch Initiative (VicRes)); National Council of Scieand Technology (NACOSTI), Kenya; and Tea Research Institute, Kenya","PeriodicalId":17156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tea Science","volume":"161 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76421686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-08DOI: 10.20425/ijts.v13i01-02.9983
K. Nyabundi, P. Owuor, G. Netondo, J. Bore
Inter-University Council of East Africa (Lake Victoria Research Initiative(VicRes)), National Council of Science and Technology (NACOSTI) and the Tea Research Institute, Kenya
{"title":"Yields and Nitrogenous Fertiliser Use Efficiency Responses of Clonal Tea (Camellia Sinensis) to Locations of Production","authors":"K. Nyabundi, P. Owuor, G. Netondo, J. Bore","doi":"10.20425/ijts.v13i01-02.9983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20425/ijts.v13i01-02.9983","url":null,"abstract":"Inter-University Council of East Africa (Lake Victoria Research Initiative(VicRes)), National Council of Science and Technology (NACOSTI) and the Tea Research Institute, Kenya","PeriodicalId":17156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tea Science","volume":"50 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83401823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-06DOI: 10.20425/IJTS.V13I01-02.9982
K. Sitienei, E. Cheramgoi, Methusela Rop, D. Kamau, Robert Keter
{"title":"Evaluation of Shubhodoya Mycorrhizal Bio-fertilizer for Enhancing Rooting of Nursery Tea Plants.","authors":"K. Sitienei, E. Cheramgoi, Methusela Rop, D. Kamau, Robert Keter","doi":"10.20425/IJTS.V13I01-02.9982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20425/IJTS.V13I01-02.9982","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tea Science","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82867871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.20425/ijts.v13i01-02.9985
Jenipher A. Odak, P. Owuor, L. Manguro, F. Wachira, E. Cheramgoi
Nitrogen fertilisation influences tea yields, quality and pests infestation levels. Red spider mites reduce tea production in western Kenya during prolonged droughts. Nitrogen fertiliser use maybe an agronomic practice that may influence infestation levels by mites. Overhead volatile compounds (OVOCs) composition also influences infestations of tea by mites. Influence of nitrogenous fertiliser rates on red spider mite infestations and OVOCS levels was determined. Mites populations varied (pd<0.05) with nitrogenous fertiliser rates. High infestations were at 0 and 300 kg N/ha/year, and sharp decline between 150 and 225 kg N/ha/year. Green leaf volatiles increased while some aromatic and terpenoid compounds decreased with increasing nitrogenous fertiliser rates. Significant (pd<0.05) direct linear regressions between 1-penten-3-ol, 3-penten2-ol, E-2-hexenal, Z-3-hexenyl acetate and inverse relationship between 2-phenyl ethanol, ethyl benzene, -methyl styrene, longifolene and ß-cedrene and nitrogenous fertiliser rates were observed. Most aromatic and terpenoid compounds, which are repellents of mites, were highest between 150 and 225 kg N/ha/year where infestations by mites were lowest. The recommended fertiliser rates of 100 to 225 kg N/ha/year in Kenya also produce most repellents of mites, protecting tea plants against infestations. Use of recommended nitrogen rates can protect tea from infestations by mites. Publication Info Article history: Received : 15.02.2017 Revised : 21.07.2017 Accepted : 01.09.2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20425/ ijts.v13i01-02.9985
氮肥影响茶叶产量、品质和虫害水平。红蜘蛛螨虫在肯尼亚西部长期干旱期间减少了茶叶产量。氮肥的使用可能是一种影响螨虫侵扰程度的农艺做法。头顶挥发性化合物(OVOCs)的组成也会影响螨虫对茶叶的侵害。研究了氮肥施用量对红蜘蛛螨孳生及OVOCS水平的影响。不同施氮量的螨种群差异显著(pd<0.05)。侵染高峰在0 ~ 300 kg N/ha/年，急剧下降在150 ~ 225 kg N/ha/年。随着氮肥施用量的增加，绿叶挥发物增加，部分芳香族和萜类化合物减少。1-戊烯-3-醇、3-戊烯-醇、e -2-己烯、z -3-己烯乙酸酯与氮肥用量呈显著(pd<0.05)直接线性回归关系，2-苯乙醇、乙苯、-甲基苯乙烯、长烯和ß-雪松烯与氮肥用量呈反比关系。大多数芳香和萜类化合物在150 ~ 225 kg N/ha/年之间含量最高，螨害最低。肯尼亚建议的化肥用量为100至225公斤N/公顷/年，也能产生大多数的螨虫驱虫剂，保护茶树免受虫害。使用推荐的氮肥用量可以保护茶叶免受螨虫的侵扰。发表信息文章历史:收稿日期:15.02.2017修稿日期:21.07.2017收稿日期:01.09.2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20425/ ijts.v13i01-02.9985
{"title":"Influence of Nitrogen Fertilisation on Red Spider Mites (Oligonychus coffeae Nietner) and Overhead Volatile Organic Compounds in Tea (Camellia sinensis)","authors":"Jenipher A. Odak, P. Owuor, L. Manguro, F. Wachira, E. Cheramgoi","doi":"10.20425/ijts.v13i01-02.9985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20425/ijts.v13i01-02.9985","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen fertilisation influences tea yields, quality and pests infestation levels. Red spider mites reduce tea production in western Kenya during prolonged droughts. Nitrogen fertiliser use maybe an agronomic practice that may influence infestation levels by mites. Overhead volatile compounds (OVOCs) composition also influences infestations of tea by mites. Influence of nitrogenous fertiliser rates on red spider mite infestations and OVOCS levels was determined. Mites populations varied (pd<0.05) with nitrogenous fertiliser rates. High infestations were at 0 and 300 kg N/ha/year, and sharp decline between 150 and 225 kg N/ha/year. Green leaf volatiles increased while some aromatic and terpenoid compounds decreased with increasing nitrogenous fertiliser rates. Significant (pd<0.05) direct linear regressions between 1-penten-3-ol, 3-penten2-ol, E-2-hexenal, Z-3-hexenyl acetate and inverse relationship between 2-phenyl ethanol, ethyl benzene, -methyl styrene, longifolene and ß-cedrene and nitrogenous fertiliser rates were observed. Most aromatic and terpenoid compounds, which are repellents of mites, were highest between 150 and 225 kg N/ha/year where infestations by mites were lowest. The recommended fertiliser rates of 100 to 225 kg N/ha/year in Kenya also produce most repellents of mites, protecting tea plants against infestations. Use of recommended nitrogen rates can protect tea from infestations by mites. Publication Info Article history: Received : 15.02.2017 Revised : 21.07.2017 Accepted : 01.09.2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20425/ ijts.v13i01-02.9985","PeriodicalId":17156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tea Science","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83114360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-30DOI: 10.20425/IJTS.V13I01-02.9986
P. Owuor, M. Obanda
Long chemical wither durations and hard physical wither reduce the quality of plain black tea, through reduction in total theaflavins production while encouraging thearubigins formation. Such quality reduction may vary with genetic makeup of the tea plant. However, rehydration reactivates activities of oxidative enzymes responsible for producing plain black tea quality parameters. Influence of rehydrating hard physically withered leaf that had undergone long chemical wither durations on two clonal plain black tea quality parameters were assessed. Rehydration restored the formation of plain tea quality parameters from hard physically withered leaf. However, quality deterioration due to long chemical wither duration could not be reversed by rehydration. The patterns of responses of the clones used were similar. Thus in the processing of plain black tea, efforts should be made to maintain chemical wither durations to below 30 hours. However, rehydration reverses reduced plain black tea quality parameters by hard physical withers to equivalent of chemical wither. Publication Info Article history: Received : 02.08.2016 Revised : 15.04.2017 Accepted : 30.08.2017 DOI:https://doi.org/10.20425/ ijts.v13i01-02.9986
{"title":"Clonal Variations in the Response of Hard Physically Withered Leaf to Rehydration Following Long Chemical Wither Durations","authors":"P. Owuor, M. Obanda","doi":"10.20425/IJTS.V13I01-02.9986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20425/IJTS.V13I01-02.9986","url":null,"abstract":"Long chemical wither durations and hard physical wither reduce the quality of plain black tea, through reduction in total theaflavins production while encouraging thearubigins formation. Such quality reduction may vary with genetic makeup of the tea plant. However, rehydration reactivates activities of oxidative enzymes responsible for producing plain black tea quality parameters. Influence of rehydrating hard physically withered leaf that had undergone long chemical wither durations on two clonal plain black tea quality parameters were assessed. Rehydration restored the formation of plain tea quality parameters from hard physically withered leaf. However, quality deterioration due to long chemical wither duration could not be reversed by rehydration. The patterns of responses of the clones used were similar. Thus in the processing of plain black tea, efforts should be made to maintain chemical wither durations to below 30 hours. However, rehydration reverses reduced plain black tea quality parameters by hard physical withers to equivalent of chemical wither. Publication Info Article history: Received : 02.08.2016 Revised : 15.04.2017 Accepted : 30.08.2017 DOI:https://doi.org/10.20425/ ijts.v13i01-02.9986","PeriodicalId":17156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tea Science","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88877016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-30DOI: 10.20425/ijts.v13i01-02.9987
S. O. Ochanda, P. Owuor, J. Wanyoko, D. Kamau, A. Faraj, C. Onyango
National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation (NACOSTI) and Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Organization-Tea Research Institute (KALRO-TRI)
国家科学技术创新委员会(NACOSTI)和肯尼亚农畜组织茶叶研究所(KALRO-TRI)
{"title":"Changes in the Composition of Elements in Non-Aerated Green Teas Processed from Seedling Tea (Camellia sinensis) Due to Variations in Nitrogenous Fertilizer Rates and Seasons.","authors":"S. O. Ochanda, P. Owuor, J. Wanyoko, D. Kamau, A. Faraj, C. Onyango","doi":"10.20425/ijts.v13i01-02.9987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20425/ijts.v13i01-02.9987","url":null,"abstract":"National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation (NACOSTI) and Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Organization-Tea Research Institute (KALRO-TRI)","PeriodicalId":17156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tea Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84097208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-10DOI: 10.20425/ijts.v13i01-02.9980
B. Thuvaraki, M. Ranatunga, J. D. K. Arachchi, V. A. Sumanasinghe
{"title":"Characterization of New Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Hybrid Progenies Based on Morphological Traits","authors":"B. Thuvaraki, M. Ranatunga, J. D. K. Arachchi, V. A. Sumanasinghe","doi":"10.20425/ijts.v13i01-02.9980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20425/ijts.v13i01-02.9980","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tea Science","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72834900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-30DOI: 10.5376/JTSR.2017.07.0008
B. Deka, A. Babu, S. Sarkar, S. Mandal, N. Kundu, P. Patanjali, P. Bhandari
The bioactivity of an organic synergist (supplied by the Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology, Gurgaon, India) was assessed to establish the enhanced efficacy of Neem kernel Aqueous extract (NKAE) and three recommended acaricides such as Fenpyroximate 5 EC, Ethion 50 EC and Spiromesifen 22.9 SC against one of the major tea pest, red spider mite under laboratory conditions. The selected three different acaricides, with recommended doses were tested and their efficacies were compared with that of NKAE. The study revealed that organic synergist enhanced the efficacy of Neem kernel powder (NKP) (even it is @ 2.5% NKP) to the tune of almost 45% and enhanced the efficacy of each acaricides to the tune of almost 20-40% compared to the individual treatments which could be further exploited for reducing the pesticide load on tea.
{"title":"Bioactivity of An Organic Synergist in Enhancing the Efficacy of Neem Kernel Aqueous Extracts (NKAE) and Three Recommended Acaricides in Controlling Tea Red Spider Mite ( Oligonychus coffeae )","authors":"B. Deka, A. Babu, S. Sarkar, S. Mandal, N. Kundu, P. Patanjali, P. Bhandari","doi":"10.5376/JTSR.2017.07.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5376/JTSR.2017.07.0008","url":null,"abstract":"The bioactivity of an organic synergist (supplied by the Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology, Gurgaon, India) was assessed to establish the enhanced efficacy of Neem kernel Aqueous extract (NKAE) and three recommended acaricides such as Fenpyroximate 5 EC, Ethion 50 EC and Spiromesifen 22.9 SC against one of the major tea pest, red spider mite under laboratory conditions. The selected three different acaricides, with recommended doses were tested and their efficacies were compared with that of NKAE. The study revealed that organic synergist enhanced the efficacy of Neem kernel powder (NKP) (even it is @ 2.5% NKP) to the tune of almost 45% and enhanced the efficacy of each acaricides to the tune of almost 20-40% compared to the individual treatments which could be further exploited for reducing the pesticide load on tea.","PeriodicalId":17156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tea Science","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89845217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-22DOI: 10.5376/JTSR.2017.07.0007
P. Baruah
India is one of the largest tea producers in the world. In India the state of Assam is a large tea growing belt in the world where the renowned Assam teas grow. The tea was discovered growing wild in Assam by the British. Before the discovery of wild teas the local population of Assam, some of the tribal people, were in the habit of drinking tea in their indigenous method of preparation since time immemorial. Since the early part of the nineteenth century, discovery of ‘wild’ plants of Assam and Cambodia races of tea were recorded. In Assam and the North-East area at present in all the explorations carried out to the original tea areas, hybrids of the three main varieties of tea are found. The true to type original Assam variety is yet to be discovered. Existence of wild tea plants in the forests of Assam has been a subject of much curiosity and collection of such germplasm would greatly assist research on plant improvement by the scientists.
{"title":"Wild Teas of Assam and North East India","authors":"P. Baruah","doi":"10.5376/JTSR.2017.07.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5376/JTSR.2017.07.0007","url":null,"abstract":"India is one of the largest tea producers in the world. In India the state of Assam is a large tea growing belt in the world where the renowned Assam teas grow. The tea was discovered growing wild in Assam by the British. Before the discovery of wild teas the local population of Assam, some of the tribal people, were in the habit of drinking tea in their indigenous method of preparation since time immemorial. Since the early part of the nineteenth century, discovery of ‘wild’ plants of Assam and Cambodia races of tea were recorded. In Assam and the North-East area at present in all the explorations carried out to the original tea areas, hybrids of the three main varieties of tea are found. The true to type original Assam variety is yet to be discovered. Existence of wild tea plants in the forests of Assam has been a subject of much curiosity and collection of such germplasm would greatly assist research on plant improvement by the scientists.","PeriodicalId":17156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tea Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87472758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-15DOI: 10.5376/JTSR.2017.07.0006
F. Olajubu
Current indiscriminate abuse of existing antibiotics in clinical and veterinary treatments lead to an upsurge in antimicrobial resistant strains of microorganisms and aggressive search for alternatives which are readily available, less expensive with little or no side effect. Tea and Coffee are beverages consumed daily in every household in Nigeria. This study examines the antimicrobial and anti-haemolytic properties of commonly available Tea and Coffee in Nigerian market. The antimicrobial potencies of the extracts were assessed through disc diffusion method on pathogens of both man and animal origin while the anti-haemolytic assay was carried out through colorimetric method. The extracts were slightly acidic at full strength and no antifungal property was observed. Broad spectrum and bactericidal effects were observed against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella pullorum, Shigella dysenteriae and Streptococcus pneumonia. These activities were concentration dependent. Very poor activity was observed against Escherichia coli . Bactericidal rate of coffee was at 6hrs but ranged between 18 and 24 hrs for tea extracts. Tea extracts greatly inhibited the haemolytic potential of alpha toxins while coffee performed poorly. Tea and Coffee could thus serve as supportive treatment for some bacterial infections without fear of side effects, since they are naturally taken as daily beverages.
{"title":"Antimicrobial and Antihaemolytic Activities of Crude Extracts of Some Commonly Used Tea and Coffee in Nigeria","authors":"F. Olajubu","doi":"10.5376/JTSR.2017.07.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5376/JTSR.2017.07.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Current indiscriminate abuse of existing antibiotics in clinical and veterinary treatments lead to an upsurge in antimicrobial resistant strains of microorganisms and aggressive search for alternatives which are readily available, less expensive with little or no side effect. Tea and Coffee are beverages consumed daily in every household in Nigeria. This study examines the antimicrobial and anti-haemolytic properties of commonly available Tea and Coffee in Nigerian market. The antimicrobial potencies of the extracts were assessed through disc diffusion method on pathogens of both man and animal origin while the anti-haemolytic assay was carried out through colorimetric method. The extracts were slightly acidic at full strength and no antifungal property was observed. Broad spectrum and bactericidal effects were observed against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella pullorum, Shigella dysenteriae and Streptococcus pneumonia. These activities were concentration dependent. Very poor activity was observed against Escherichia coli . Bactericidal rate of coffee was at 6hrs but ranged between 18 and 24 hrs for tea extracts. Tea extracts greatly inhibited the haemolytic potential of alpha toxins while coffee performed poorly. Tea and Coffee could thus serve as supportive treatment for some bacterial infections without fear of side effects, since they are naturally taken as daily beverages.","PeriodicalId":17156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tea Science","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90676616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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