In recent times, biofuels are receiving increased attention because they have the potential to enhance the energy security of energy deficit nations while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. They also provide opportunities for inclusive rural development. This paper shows that prevailing administered prices do not provide adequate financial incentives to produce biodiesel in India. In contrast to financial analysis results, social cost–benefit analysis shows that biodiesel production from jatropha and pongamia is economically viable. This paper illustrates that financial analysis results may not provide a sound basis for pubic policy, particularly when there are distortions in the market. Biodiesel has the potential to significantly generate rural employment and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. If the production is limited only to wastelands, in meeting 20 per cent blending target, biodiesel would not affect food production in India. While explaining the reasons for failure of biodiesel production taking off in a big way in India, the paper argues that public sector interventions are necessary to correct existing market, non-market, and institutional failures, which prevent development of biodiesel markets.
{"title":"Financial and Economic Assessment of Biodiesel Production and use in India","authors":"H. Gunatilake","doi":"10.3233/RED-120095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/RED-120095","url":null,"abstract":"In recent times, biofuels are receiving increased attention because they have the potential to enhance the energy security of energy deficit nations while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. They also provide opportunities for inclusive rural development. This paper shows that prevailing administered prices do not provide adequate financial incentives to produce biodiesel in India. In contrast to financial analysis results, social cost–benefit analysis shows that biodiesel production from jatropha and pongamia is economically viable. This paper illustrates that financial analysis results may not provide a sound basis for pubic policy, particularly when there are distortions in the market. Biodiesel has the potential to significantly generate rural employment and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. If the production is limited only to wastelands, in meeting 20 per cent blending target, biodiesel would not affect food production in India. While explaining the reasons for failure of biodiesel production taking off in a big way in India, the paper argues that public sector interventions are necessary to correct existing market, non-market, and institutional failures, which prevent development of biodiesel markets.","PeriodicalId":17166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Resources, Energy, and Development","volume":"1 1","pages":"59-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86431921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Floods in an urbanized landscape refer to the partial or complete inundation from the rapid accumulation or run-off resulting in the damage to property and loss of biotic elements (including humans). Urban flooding is a consequence of increased impermeable catchments resulting in higher catchment Study area yield in a shorter duration and flood peaks sometimes reach up to three times. Thus, flooding occurs quickly due to faster flow times (in a matter of minutes). Causal factors include combinations of loss of pervious area in urbanising landscapes, inadequate drainage systems, blockade due to indiscriminate disposal of solid waste and building debris, encroachment of storm water drains, housing in floodplains and natural drainage and loss of natural flood-storages sites. Flood mitigation in urban landscape entails integrated ecological approaches combining the watershed land-use planning with the regional development planning. This includes engineering measures and flood preparedness with the understanding of ecological and hydrological functions of the landscape.
{"title":"Conservation of wetlands to mitigate urban floods","authors":"T. Ramachandra, B. Aithal, U. Kumar","doi":"10.3233/RED-120001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/RED-120001","url":null,"abstract":"Floods in an urbanized landscape refer to the partial or complete inundation from the rapid accumulation or run-off resulting in the damage to property and loss of biotic elements (including humans). Urban flooding is a consequence of increased impermeable catchments resulting in higher catchment Study area yield in a shorter duration and flood peaks sometimes reach up to three times. Thus, flooding occurs quickly due to faster flow times (in a matter of minutes). Causal factors include combinations of loss of pervious area in urbanising landscapes, inadequate drainage systems, blockade due to indiscriminate disposal of solid waste and building debris, encroachment of storm water drains, housing in floodplains and natural drainage and loss of natural flood-storages sites. Flood mitigation in urban landscape entails integrated ecological approaches combining the watershed land-use planning with the regional development planning. This includes engineering measures and flood preparedness with the understanding of ecological and hydrological functions of the landscape.","PeriodicalId":17166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Resources, Energy, and Development","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79248054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A vast majority of India's 700 million plus rural population,and most of the 30 million population of Odisha, living in its villages, are critically dependent on Common Property Resources (CPRs) for earning their livelihood. In this backdrop, the paper has made an attempt to study the degree, extent, and determinants of common property forest resource dependency at a household level in the villages of Odisha. The field survey results suggest that income from common property forests constitutes 30.97% of the Common property forest dependency in Odisha total average annual household income. For the poorest 10% of the Objectives, database, and sample households, CPR forest income constitutes 58.70% of their total methodology annual income and for the richest 10% the same has been estimated Empirical findings at 12.88%. Multivariate regression analysis reveals that CPR forest dependency is directly related to household size but inversely related to economic condition and agricultural land holding.
{"title":"Common Property Forest Resources and Rural Livelihoods: An Empirical Investigation in the State of Odisha","authors":"A. K. Pradhan, Rabinarayan Patra","doi":"10.3233/RED-120002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/RED-120002","url":null,"abstract":"A vast majority of India's 700 million plus rural population,and most of the 30 million population of Odisha, living in its villages, are critically dependent on Common Property Resources (CPRs) for earning their livelihood. In this backdrop, the paper has made an attempt to study the degree, extent, and determinants of common property forest resource dependency at a household level in the villages of Odisha. The field survey results suggest that income from common property forests constitutes 30.97% of the Common property forest dependency in Odisha total average annual household income. For the poorest 10% of the Objectives, database, and sample households, CPR forest income constitutes 58.70% of their total methodology annual income and for the richest 10% the same has been estimated Empirical findings at 12.88%. Multivariate regression analysis reveals that CPR forest dependency is directly related to household size but inversely related to economic condition and agricultural land holding.","PeriodicalId":17166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Resources, Energy, and Development","volume":"8 1","pages":"23-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81900009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In addition to ecosystem services, forests supply essential resources such as timber and non-timber forest products to rural populations who live nearby. These resources contribute vitally to household energy, materials, and various nutritional and medicinal requirements. In many parts of the developing world, women are assigned the task of acquiring these resources. Eco-feminism has used an essentialist position to explain the relation between forests and rural women. This paper, however, argues for the adoption of an institutional ecology approach to clarify patterns of interaction between rural communities and forests. Such an approach focuses on the role played by institutions, civil society, and individuals in environmental exchanges. Using field observations and data from western India, the paper examines the complex arrangement of interactions between rural populations and forest ecosystems, which is mediated by state institutions and long-standing socio-cultural norms and traditions. Data and field observations reveal considerable dependency on forest products in local villages. Patterns of society-forest interaction reflect local socio-cultural and political realities, and reveal the vulnerabilities faced by certain-more dependent and socio-economically marginal—communities, especially the adivasis.
{"title":"Institutional contexts, forest resources, and local communities in western India: a gendered analysis","authors":"F. Pavri","doi":"10.3233/RED-120087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/RED-120087","url":null,"abstract":"In addition to ecosystem services, forests supply essential resources such as timber and non-timber forest products to rural populations who live nearby. These resources contribute vitally to household energy, materials, and various nutritional and medicinal requirements. In many parts of the developing world, women are assigned the task of acquiring these resources. Eco-feminism has used an essentialist position to explain the relation between forests and rural women. This paper, however, argues for the adoption of an institutional ecology approach to clarify patterns of interaction between rural communities and forests. Such an approach focuses on the role played by institutions, civil society, and individuals in environmental exchanges. Using field observations and data from western India, the paper examines the complex arrangement of interactions between rural populations and forest ecosystems, which is mediated by state institutions and long-standing socio-cultural norms and traditions. Data and field observations reveal considerable dependency on forest products in local villages. Patterns of society-forest interaction reflect local socio-cultural and political realities, and reveal the vulnerabilities faced by certain-more dependent and socio-economically marginal—communities, especially the adivasis.","PeriodicalId":17166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Resources, Energy, and Development","volume":"4 1","pages":"101-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73050129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite the rapid development of REDD+, in terms of policy and on ground, there is little empirical evidence on how REDD+ interacts with existing governance mechanisms and impacts people's rights. Implementation of the Forest Rights Act, 2006 (FRA) in India provides an interesting insight into this interaction. Peoples’ rights over forest resources are being recognized under FRA in a comprehensive manner for the first time in independent India. Although a number of challenges of implementation are yet to be addressed, it has started changing the forest landscape of the country by redefining the relationship between the state and the people with regard to the use and management of forest resources. Close to 1.169 million claims for individual and community rights, covering about 3% of the forest area of the country, have been recognized up to 30 April 2011. People are expected to have much more control over the resources if FRA is implemented in its true spirit. While FRA is being implemented, the Government of India wants to leverage its forest conservation record in international climate change negotiations through REDD+. India considers REDD+ to be a bargaining chip in the negotiations. Civil society groups, however, are strongly contesting this instrument, as they fear REDD+ might provide an opportunity to the government to scuttle implementation of FRA. This contestation or politics of REDD+ is being negotiated and renegotiated continuously, where different stakeholders are guarding their own interests. This case provides some early indications of contestations, which REDD+ is going to evoke at the country level.
{"title":"Implementation of Forest Rights Act, changing forest landscape, and “politics of REDD+” in India","authors":"A. Aggarwal","doi":"10.3233/RED-120089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/RED-120089","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the rapid development of REDD+, in terms of policy and on ground, there is little empirical evidence on how REDD+ interacts with existing governance mechanisms and impacts people's rights. Implementation of the Forest Rights Act, 2006 (FRA) in India provides an interesting insight into this interaction. Peoples’ rights over forest resources are being recognized under FRA in a comprehensive manner for the first time in independent India. Although a number of challenges of implementation are yet to be addressed, it has started changing the forest landscape of the country by redefining the relationship between the state and the people with regard to the use and management of forest resources. Close to 1.169 million claims for individual and community rights, covering about 3% of the forest area of the country, have been recognized up to 30 April 2011. People are expected to have much more control over the resources if FRA is implemented in its true spirit. While FRA is being implemented, the Government of India wants to leverage its forest conservation record in international climate change negotiations through REDD+. India considers REDD+ to be a bargaining chip in the negotiations. Civil society groups, however, are strongly contesting this instrument, as they fear REDD+ might provide an opportunity to the government to scuttle implementation of FRA. This contestation or politics of REDD+ is being negotiated and renegotiated continuously, where different stakeholders are guarding their own interests. This case provides some early indications of contestations, which REDD+ is going to evoke at the country level.","PeriodicalId":17166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Resources, Energy, and Development","volume":"10 1","pages":"131-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88452519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Basic Research Methods: An Entry to Social Science Research","authors":"V. Srivastava","doi":"10.3233/RED-120083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/RED-120083","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Resources, Energy, and Development","volume":"10 1","pages":"61-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78814185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Managing Water in River Basins: hydrology, economics, and institutions","authors":"Sujith Koonan","doi":"10.3233/RED-120093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/RED-120093","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Resources, Energy, and Development","volume":"17 1","pages":"187-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91192733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Our Toxic World A guide to hazardous substances in our everyday lives","authors":"Maxmillan Martin","doi":"10.3233/RED-120094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/RED-120094","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Resources, Energy, and Development","volume":"59 1","pages":"189-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73561985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Considering the rapid growth of world population, especially the global urban population, it comes as no surprise that many conventional means of delivering the planning, development, and management of cities are unlikely to remain viable over the long term. Although this realization has only recently been acknowledged, the shift towards the adoption of what can best be described as a sustainable development perspective on urban form and function has profound implications for both what is done in urban areas and how actions are delivered. With regard to the future of urban areas—which range in size from small remote rural settlements that are home to a few families, to global megacities whose populations run in millions—there are many implications, and consequently, there is an urgent need to rethink both the approaches used to construct and implement urban policy and the methods utilized to ensure the full and active engagement of all members of the urban community in securing the long-term future of cities. An important guiding concept, which can be used to provide a high level of coherence with regard to both the general approach and the particular mechanisms adopted to ensure effective implementation and engagement, is encapsulated by the term ‘human urban environment’ (Roberts, Ravetz, and George 2009). This overarching concept is, in turn, derived from Artur Glikson’s notion of the ‘urban environment’, which he memorably described as ‘the space which surrounds human movement, work, habitation, rest, and interaction’ (Glikson 1971). What Glikson was offering was a model that transcends the normal definition of the environment with its primary concern for natural resources and ecosystems. This expresses the desirability of a wider perspective, which views the transformation of biological and physical factors in space, and considers the urban outcomes and consequences of these various transformational Introduction The context for sustainable urban development The elaboration and implementation of policy Future development pathways References
考虑到世界人口的快速增长，特别是全球城市人口的快速增长，许多传统的城市规划、发展和管理方式不太可能长期保持可行性，这一点也不奇怪。虽然这一认识直到最近才得到承认，但转向采用关于城市形式和功能的可持续发展观点，对城市地区的工作和如何采取行动都具有深远的影响。关于城市地区的未来——从少数家庭居住的偏远农村小居民点到人口数百万的全球特大城市——有许多影响，因此，迫切需要重新思考用于构建和实施城市政策的方法，以及用于确保城市社区所有成员充分和积极参与确保城市长期未来的方法。“人类城市环境”一词概括了一个重要的指导概念，该概念可用于在确保有效实施和参与的一般方法和特定机制方面提供高度的一致性(Roberts, Ravetz, and George, 2009)。反过来，这个总体概念源于阿图尔·格利克森的“城市环境”概念，他将其描述为“围绕人类运动、工作、居住、休息和互动的空间”(格利克森1971)。格利克森提供的是一个模型，它超越了环境的正常定义，主要关注自然资源和生态系统。这表达了一种更广阔的视角的可取性，它观察了空间中生物和物理因素的转变，并考虑了这些各种转变的城市结果和后果引言可持续城市发展的背景、政策的制定和实施、未来发展路径参考
{"title":"Cities and sustainable urban development: challenges, conflicts, and cohesion","authors":"P. Roberts","doi":"10.3233/RED-120078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/RED-120078","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the rapid growth of world population, especially the global urban population, it comes as no surprise that many conventional means of delivering the planning, development, and management of cities are unlikely to remain viable over the long term. Although this realization has only recently been acknowledged, the shift towards the adoption of what can best be described as a sustainable development perspective on urban form and function has profound implications for both what is done in urban areas and how actions are delivered. With regard to the future of urban areas—which range in size from small remote rural settlements that are home to a few families, to global megacities whose populations run in millions—there are many implications, and consequently, there is an urgent need to rethink both the approaches used to construct and implement urban policy and the methods utilized to ensure the full and active engagement of all members of the urban community in securing the long-term future of cities. An important guiding concept, which can be used to provide a high level of coherence with regard to both the general approach and the particular mechanisms adopted to ensure effective implementation and engagement, is encapsulated by the term ‘human urban environment’ (Roberts, Ravetz, and George 2009). This overarching concept is, in turn, derived from Artur Glikson’s notion of the ‘urban environment’, which he memorably described as ‘the space which surrounds human movement, work, habitation, rest, and interaction’ (Glikson 1971). What Glikson was offering was a model that transcends the normal definition of the environment with its primary concern for natural resources and ecosystems. This expresses the desirability of a wider perspective, which views the transformation of biological and physical factors in space, and considers the urban outcomes and consequences of these various transformational Introduction The context for sustainable urban development The elaboration and implementation of policy Future development pathways References","PeriodicalId":17166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Resources, Energy, and Development","volume":"89 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76601321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the patterns of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from urban areas in India–a rapidly growing and urbanizing nation. It uses a new dataset, Emission Data for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), to estimate the urban share of national GHG emissions. It presents a geographic picture of emission variation by urban form (urban population size, area size, density, and growth rate), and economic (GDP and GDP per capita), geographic (location of emissions released: 20, 40, and 80 km from urban areas), and biophysical (ecosystem and climate: cooling degree days) characteristics. Dependent variables include emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and hexafl uoride (SF6) from 14 source activities (agricultural soils, agricultural wastes, aviation, energy, fossil-fuel fi res, fugitive escapes from solids, industry, livestock, navigation, non-road transport, oil and gas production, residential, road transport, and waste) for the year 2000 that are allocated on a 0.1° global grid. We examine 721 urban areas with more than 50,000 residents (accounting for 92% of the total Indian urban population), present fi ndings, and compare our results with urban-level carbon footprint analyses. The results demonstrate that GHG emissions from urban areas in India are lower than that presented in the literature, and that differences in emissions levels vary with urban form, economic, geographic, and biophysical variables.
{"title":"The geography of greenhouse gas emissions from within urban areas of India: a preliminary assessment","authors":"P. Marcotullio, Jochen Albrecht, Andrea Sarzynski","doi":"10.3233/RED-120079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/RED-120079","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the patterns of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from urban areas in India–a rapidly growing and urbanizing nation. It uses a new dataset, Emission Data for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), to estimate the urban share of national GHG emissions. It presents a geographic picture of emission variation by urban form (urban population size, area size, density, and growth rate), and economic (GDP and GDP per capita), geographic (location of emissions released: 20, 40, and 80 km from urban areas), and biophysical (ecosystem and climate: cooling degree days) characteristics. Dependent variables include emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and hexafl uoride (SF6) from 14 source activities (agricultural soils, agricultural wastes, aviation, energy, fossil-fuel fi res, fugitive escapes from solids, industry, livestock, navigation, non-road transport, oil and gas production, residential, road transport, and waste) for the year 2000 that are allocated on a 0.1° global grid. We examine 721 urban areas with more than 50,000 residents (accounting for 92% of the total Indian urban population), present fi ndings, and compare our results with urban-level carbon footprint analyses. The results demonstrate that GHG emissions from urban areas in India are lower than that presented in the literature, and that differences in emissions levels vary with urban form, economic, geographic, and biophysical variables.","PeriodicalId":17166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Resources, Energy, and Development","volume":"81 1","pages":"11-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81236578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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