Pub Date : 1986-11-01DOI: 10.1080/00022470.1986.10466178
J. Maulbetsch, M. McElroy, D. Eskinazi
Modifications to the combustion process have been the basis for NOx control on new coal-fired power plants to meet federal New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) Promulgated in 1971 and revised in 1978. In the event that retrofit NOx control is required on pre-NSPS plants, low-NOx combustion will likely be the least cost approach, if such controls can be successfully applied to the wide diversity of these older utility boiler designs now in operation. A series of retrofit low-NOx combustion demonstrations supported by EPRI and electric utility companies are intended to establish the technical and economic feasibility of this approach.
{"title":"Retrofit NOα control options for coal-fired electric utility power plants","authors":"J. Maulbetsch, M. McElroy, D. Eskinazi","doi":"10.1080/00022470.1986.10466178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00022470.1986.10466178","url":null,"abstract":"Modifications to the combustion process have been the basis for NOx control on new coal-fired power plants to meet federal New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) Promulgated in 1971 and revised in 1978. In the event that retrofit NOx control is required on pre-NSPS plants, low-NOx combustion will likely be the least cost approach, if such controls can be successfully applied to the wide diversity of these older utility boiler designs now in operation. A series of retrofit low-NOx combustion demonstrations supported by EPRI and electric utility companies are intended to establish the technical and economic feasibility of this approach.","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":"56 1","pages":"1294-1298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80486915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-11-01DOI: 10.1080/00022470.1986.10466174
T. E. Jensen, J. Richert, A. Cleary, D. L. LaCourse, R. Gorse
It has been shown that engine oil may contribute 16 to 80 percent of the mass of organic-solvent-extractable particulate matter in diesel engine exhaust. This raises the possibility that the 1-nitropyrene in the exhaust is coming from the crankcase oil, having formed or accumulated there. To evaluate this possibility, 1-nitropyrene exhaust emissions from a light-duty diesel vehicle were measured, along with the 1-nitropyrene content of its engine oil and of new oil. Results indicate that new oil did not contain 1-nitropyrene at the detection limit of 0.1 ppm. 1-nitropyrene did collect in oil to a concentration of 0.5 ppm at an oil usage and vehicle travel distance of 9000 km. Even though 1-nitropyrene was found in used diesel engine oil, this 1-nitropyrene does not appear to account for the 1-nitropyrene found in diesel exhaust emissions.
{"title":"1-Nitropyrene in used diesel engine oil","authors":"T. E. Jensen, J. Richert, A. Cleary, D. L. LaCourse, R. Gorse","doi":"10.1080/00022470.1986.10466174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00022470.1986.10466174","url":null,"abstract":"It has been shown that engine oil may contribute 16 to 80 percent of the mass of organic-solvent-extractable particulate matter in diesel engine exhaust. This raises the possibility that the 1-nitropyrene in the exhaust is coming from the crankcase oil, having formed or accumulated there. To evaluate this possibility, 1-nitropyrene exhaust emissions from a light-duty diesel vehicle were measured, along with the 1-nitropyrene content of its engine oil and of new oil. Results indicate that new oil did not contain 1-nitropyrene at the detection limit of 0.1 ppm. 1-nitropyrene did collect in oil to a concentration of 0.5 ppm at an oil usage and vehicle travel distance of 9000 km. Even though 1-nitropyrene was found in used diesel engine oil, this 1-nitropyrene does not appear to account for the 1-nitropyrene found in diesel exhaust emissions.","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":"14 1","pages":"1255-1256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84640326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-11-01DOI: 10.1080/00022470.1986.10466168
W Dassen, B Brunekreef, G Hoek, P Hofschreuder, B Staatsen, H de Groot, E Schouten, K Biersteker
Pulmonary function was measured in 163 primary school children before, during and after an air pollution episode. During the episode, TSP, RSP and SO2 concentrations were each in the range of 200-250 μg/m3, whereas during the baseline measurements, they were generally below 100 μg/m3. During the episode, pulmonary functions were significantly lower by 3-5 percent compared to the baseline measurements. The decline was still observed 16 days after the episode, but not 25 days after the episode. Differences in pulmonary function technician, pulmonary function test appliance and in the prevalence of colds between baseline and follow-up measurement were not able to explain the findings. These results suggest that an air pollution episode of a few days, with 24-hour average TSP, RSP and SO2 concentrations in the range of 200-250 μg/m3, was associated with a decrease in pulmonary function of primary school children.
{"title":"Decline in children's pulmonary function during an air pollution episode.","authors":"W Dassen, B Brunekreef, G Hoek, P Hofschreuder, B Staatsen, H de Groot, E Schouten, K Biersteker","doi":"10.1080/00022470.1986.10466168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00022470.1986.10466168","url":null,"abstract":"Pulmonary function was measured in 163 primary school children before, during and after an air pollution episode. During the episode, TSP, RSP and SO2 concentrations were each in the range of 200-250 μg/m3, whereas during the baseline measurements, they were generally below 100 μg/m3. During the episode, pulmonary functions were significantly lower by 3-5 percent compared to the baseline measurements. The decline was still observed 16 days after the episode, but not 25 days after the episode. Differences in pulmonary function technician, pulmonary function test appliance and in the prevalence of colds between baseline and follow-up measurement were not able to explain the findings. These results suggest that an air pollution episode of a few days, with 24-hour average TSP, RSP and SO2 concentrations in the range of 200-250 μg/m3, was associated with a decrease in pulmonary function of primary school children.","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":"36 11","pages":"1223-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00022470.1986.10466168","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14911895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-11-01DOI: 10.1080/00022470.1986.10466169
J. L. Durham, T. Ellestad, L. Stockburger, K. T. Knapp, L. L. Spiller
Dry deposition contributes significantly to the acidification of ecosystems. However, difficulties in measuring dry deposition of reactive gases and fine particles make routine direct monitoring impractical. An alternate approach is to use the “concentration monitoring” method in which dry deposition flux is estimated as the product of measured concentration and estimated deposition velocity. A sampling system that performs over the period of 6 hours to 7 days, depending on atmospheric concentrations, has been developed. It consists of a Teflon cyclone to exclude particles larger than about 2 μm, selective solid adsorption media for reactive gases—some of which are sampled from a transition flow to avoid possible bias from particle evaporation, a particle filter, and a final gas adsorption filter to collect the remaining trace gas. The sampler Is the first reported application of transition flow mass transfer for the collection and quantitative measurement of trace atmospheric gases. Laboratory and field ...
{"title":"A Transition-Flow Reactor Tube for Measuring Trace Gas Concentrations","authors":"J. L. Durham, T. Ellestad, L. Stockburger, K. T. Knapp, L. L. Spiller","doi":"10.1080/00022470.1986.10466169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00022470.1986.10466169","url":null,"abstract":"Dry deposition contributes significantly to the acidification of ecosystems. However, difficulties in measuring dry deposition of reactive gases and fine particles make routine direct monitoring impractical. An alternate approach is to use the “concentration monitoring” method in which dry deposition flux is estimated as the product of measured concentration and estimated deposition velocity. A sampling system that performs over the period of 6 hours to 7 days, depending on atmospheric concentrations, has been developed. It consists of a Teflon cyclone to exclude particles larger than about 2 μm, selective solid adsorption media for reactive gases—some of which are sampled from a transition flow to avoid possible bias from particle evaporation, a particle filter, and a final gas adsorption filter to collect the remaining trace gas. The sampler Is the first reported application of transition flow mass transfer for the collection and quantitative measurement of trace atmospheric gases. Laboratory and field ...","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":"32 1","pages":"1228-1232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80597292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-11-01DOI: 10.1080/00022470.1986.10466172
T G Matthews, K W Fung, B J Tromberg, A R Hawthorne
An environmental parameters study has examined the impact of indoor temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) levels on formaldehyde (CH/sub 2/O) concentrations inside two unoccupied research houses where the primary CH/sub 2/O emitter is particleboard underlayment. The data were fit to a simple three-term, steady state model describing the T and RH dependence of CH/sub 2/O concentration in a single compartment with a single CH/sub 2/O emitter. The model incorporates an Arrhenius T dependence and a nonlinear RH dependence of the CH/sub 2/O vapor concentration within the solid CH/sub 2/O emitter. The RH dependence is based on Freundlich's theory of the adsorption of water vapor on solid surfaces. The model is used to estimate potential seasonal variation in CH/sub 2/O concentrations under specified experimental conditions inside the research houses. The modeled results indicate six- to ninefold variation between 18/sup 0/C, 20% RH and 32/sup 0/C, 80% RH, simulating potential winter/summer conditions with minimal indoor climate control. In comparison, indoor conditions ranging from 20/sup 0/C, 30% RH to 26/sup 0/C, 60% RH yielded approximate two- to fourfold fluctuations in CH/sub 2/O concentration. The research house data were also used to evaluate the limitations and applicability of more complex five-term models developedmore » from small-scale chamber studies of the environmental dependence of CH/sub 2/O emissions from particleboard underlayment.« less
{"title":"Impact of indoor environmental parameters on formaldehyde concentrations in unoccupied research houses.","authors":"T G Matthews, K W Fung, B J Tromberg, A R Hawthorne","doi":"10.1080/00022470.1986.10466172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00022470.1986.10466172","url":null,"abstract":"An environmental parameters study has examined the impact of indoor temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) levels on formaldehyde (CH/sub 2/O) concentrations inside two unoccupied research houses where the primary CH/sub 2/O emitter is particleboard underlayment. The data were fit to a simple three-term, steady state model describing the T and RH dependence of CH/sub 2/O concentration in a single compartment with a single CH/sub 2/O emitter. The model incorporates an Arrhenius T dependence and a nonlinear RH dependence of the CH/sub 2/O vapor concentration within the solid CH/sub 2/O emitter. The RH dependence is based on Freundlich's theory of the adsorption of water vapor on solid surfaces. The model is used to estimate potential seasonal variation in CH/sub 2/O concentrations under specified experimental conditions inside the research houses. The modeled results indicate six- to ninefold variation between 18/sup 0/C, 20% RH and 32/sup 0/C, 80% RH, simulating potential winter/summer conditions with minimal indoor climate control. In comparison, indoor conditions ranging from 20/sup 0/C, 30% RH to 26/sup 0/C, 60% RH yielded approximate two- to fourfold fluctuations in CH/sub 2/O concentration. The research house data were also used to evaluate the limitations and applicability of more complex five-term models developedmore » from small-scale chamber studies of the environmental dependence of CH/sub 2/O emissions from particleboard underlayment.« less","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":"36 11","pages":"1244-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00022470.1986.10466172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14911897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-10-01DOI: 10.1080/00022470.1986.10466165
K E Noll, C N Haas, J W Patterson
An overview is provided of hazardous waste recovery, recycle and reuse. The quantities and types of hazardous waste that are generated in the United States are identified. Hazardous wastes are classified according to their economic potential for recovery. Energy and material recovery from organic liquids and metal recovery from sludges have the highest potential for economical recovery. Specific examples are provided of recovery from these types of wastes. A variety of financial and regulatory strategies can be used to encourage recovery from waste streams that do not have a potential for economical recovery. These range from restrictions on burial to the establishment of waste exchanges.
{"title":"Recovery, recycle and reuse of hazardous waste.","authors":"K E Noll, C N Haas, J W Patterson","doi":"10.1080/00022470.1986.10466165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00022470.1986.10466165","url":null,"abstract":"An overview is provided of hazardous waste recovery, recycle and reuse. The quantities and types of hazardous waste that are generated in the United States are identified. Hazardous wastes are classified according to their economic potential for recovery. Energy and material recovery from organic liquids and metal recovery from sludges have the highest potential for economical recovery. Specific examples are provided of recovery from these types of wastes. A variety of financial and regulatory strategies can be used to encourage recovery from waste streams that do not have a potential for economical recovery. These range from restrictions on burial to the establishment of waste exchanges.","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":"36 10","pages":"1163-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00022470.1986.10466165","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14901533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-10-01DOI: 10.1080/00022470.1986.10466158
A. Lefohn, Cindy K. Jones
Since the 1960s, much effort has been devoted to collecting and formatting air quality data. This paper discusses 1) the availability of air quality data for assessing potential biological impacts associated with ozone and sulfur dioxide ambient exposures, 2) examples of how air quality data can be characterized for assessing vegetation effects, and 3) the limitations associated with some exposure parameters used for developing relevant vegetation doseresponse yield reduction models. Data are presented showing that some ozone monitoring sites not continuously affected by local urban sources experience consecutive hourly ozone exposures ≥0.10 ppm in the late evening and early morning hours. These sites experience their maximum ozone concentrations either in the spring or summer months. Sites influenced by local rural sources experience their maximum ozone concentrations during the summer months. It is suggested that further research be performed to identify whether the sensitivity of a target organism at t...
{"title":"The Characterization of Ozone and Sulfur Dioxide Air Quality Data for Assessing Possible Vegetation Effects","authors":"A. Lefohn, Cindy K. Jones","doi":"10.1080/00022470.1986.10466158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00022470.1986.10466158","url":null,"abstract":"Since the 1960s, much effort has been devoted to collecting and formatting air quality data. This paper discusses 1) the availability of air quality data for assessing potential biological impacts associated with ozone and sulfur dioxide ambient exposures, 2) examples of how air quality data can be characterized for assessing vegetation effects, and 3) the limitations associated with some exposure parameters used for developing relevant vegetation doseresponse yield reduction models. Data are presented showing that some ozone monitoring sites not continuously affected by local urban sources experience consecutive hourly ozone exposures ≥0.10 ppm in the late evening and early morning hours. These sites experience their maximum ozone concentrations either in the spring or summer months. Sites influenced by local rural sources experience their maximum ozone concentrations during the summer months. It is suggested that further research be performed to identify whether the sensitivity of a target organism at t...","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":"3 1","pages":"1123-1129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91132657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-10-01DOI: 10.1080/00022470.1986.10466166
D J Henz
Although energy-intensive industrial processes have the potential to incinerate hazardous wastes while effecting fuel cost savings, increased government regulation and heightened public interest require that the financial aspects of a hazardous waste fuel (HWF) program be considered fully. Apparent fuel savings are offset by the capital requirements for institutional factors such as permitting and public relations. This paper provides cost information for initiating and operating a HWF program, and outlines the steps required to perform a thorough financial analysis. Falling fuel prices lessen the appeal of HWF programs, and unless the facility is paid to accept the HWF, only very large users (more than 80 × 109 Btu/yr) of energy can consider them. The paper includes a figure from which the reader can estimate the return on investment for HWF programs over a range of program sizes (80 × 1200 × 109 Btu/yr).
{"title":"Cofiring hazardous waste fuels in industrial processes. The business decision.","authors":"D J Henz","doi":"10.1080/00022470.1986.10466166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00022470.1986.10466166","url":null,"abstract":"Although energy-intensive industrial processes have the potential to incinerate hazardous wastes while effecting fuel cost savings, increased government regulation and heightened public interest require that the financial aspects of a hazardous waste fuel (HWF) program be considered fully. Apparent fuel savings are offset by the capital requirements for institutional factors such as permitting and public relations. This paper provides cost information for initiating and operating a HWF program, and outlines the steps required to perform a thorough financial analysis. Falling fuel prices lessen the appeal of HWF programs, and unless the facility is paid to accept the HWF, only very large users (more than 80 × 109 Btu/yr) of energy can consider them. The paper includes a figure from which the reader can estimate the return on investment for HWF programs over a range of program sizes (80 × 1200 × 109 Btu/yr).","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":"36 10","pages":"1192-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00022470.1986.10466166","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14901534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-10-01DOI: 10.1080/00022470.1986.10466162
P. Saxena, C. Seigneur
{"title":"The Extent of Nonlinearity in the Atmospheric Chemistry of Sulfate Formation","authors":"P. Saxena, C. Seigneur","doi":"10.1080/00022470.1986.10466162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00022470.1986.10466162","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":"3 1","pages":"1151-1154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82842722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-10-01DOI: 10.1080/00022470.1986.10466163
D. O. Hinton
{"title":"EPA Inhalable Particulate Network Report","authors":"D. O. Hinton","doi":"10.1080/00022470.1986.10466163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00022470.1986.10466163","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":"57 1","pages":"1154-1155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84890363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：