Pub Date : 1986-10-01DOI: 10.1080/00022470.1986.10466161
D. M. Leahey, M. B. Schroeder
Alberta has recently experienced two sour gas well blowouts: Lodgepole and Claresholm. Sulphur emissions associated with the blowouts were about 1400 and 2 tonnes per day, respectively. The Lodgepole blowout was not only of much greater magnitude but also lasted significantly longer than the Claresholm blowout (67 vs. 4 days). Special air quality monitoring with respect to H2S was conducted to assess impacts of the blowouts. Monitoring was especially extensive for the Lodgepole incident. Maximum observed ground-level H2S concentrations were compared to predictions obtained using a Gaussian model which makes allowance for the effects of sonic exit velocity on plume spread and the effects of wind shear on plume transport. There was appreciable agreement between predicted and observed values.
{"title":"Predictions of maximum ground-level H2S concentrations resulting from two sour gas well blowouts","authors":"D. M. Leahey, M. B. Schroeder","doi":"10.1080/00022470.1986.10466161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00022470.1986.10466161","url":null,"abstract":"Alberta has recently experienced two sour gas well blowouts: Lodgepole and Claresholm. Sulphur emissions associated with the blowouts were about 1400 and 2 tonnes per day, respectively. The Lodgepole blowout was not only of much greater magnitude but also lasted significantly longer than the Claresholm blowout (67 vs. 4 days). Special air quality monitoring with respect to H2S was conducted to assess impacts of the blowouts. Monitoring was especially extensive for the Lodgepole incident. Maximum observed ground-level H2S concentrations were compared to predictions obtained using a Gaussian model which makes allowance for the effects of sonic exit velocity on plume spread and the effects of wind shear on plume transport. There was appreciable agreement between predicted and observed values.","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":"142 1","pages":"1147-1149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77323338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-10-01DOI: 10.1080/00022470.1986.10466159
Joseph A. Santovasi
Performance of a three-component monostatic Doppler sodar was compared with performance of collocated meteorological tower instruments and evaluated for electric utility applications. The sensors were components of an air pollution monitoring network that was upgraded to assess the impact of coal conversion on ambient air quality at Northeast Utilities' Mt. Tom Generating Station situated in rugged terrain in the Connecticut River valley of western Massachusetts. To determine how well sodar and tower measurements agree, and how reliable sodar is for this type of application, meteorological data and system performance statistics obtained from August 1982 through July 1983 were examined. A statistical comparison of wind speed and direction measurements at 50 m indicated good agreement between the two monitoring techniques. High correlations also were observed for data collected during various weather conditions. System reliability was demonstrated by data recovery rates and sodar vertical range capabilities...
{"title":"Meteorological Monitoring Using Sodar for Electric Utility Air Quality Applications","authors":"Joseph A. Santovasi","doi":"10.1080/00022470.1986.10466159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00022470.1986.10466159","url":null,"abstract":"Performance of a three-component monostatic Doppler sodar was compared with performance of collocated meteorological tower instruments and evaluated for electric utility applications. The sensors were components of an air pollution monitoring network that was upgraded to assess the impact of coal conversion on ambient air quality at Northeast Utilities' Mt. Tom Generating Station situated in rugged terrain in the Connecticut River valley of western Massachusetts. To determine how well sodar and tower measurements agree, and how reliable sodar is for this type of application, meteorological data and system performance statistics obtained from August 1982 through July 1983 were examined. A statistical comparison of wind speed and direction measurements at 50 m indicated good agreement between the two monitoring techniques. High correlations also were observed for data collected during various weather conditions. System reliability was demonstrated by data recovery rates and sodar vertical range capabilities...","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":"128 1","pages":"1130-1137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76393235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-10-01DOI: 10.1080/00022470.1986.10466164
D. Webster
During the winter and spring of 1986 sandy soils contaminated with volatile organic chemicals were successfully treated during a pilot study of an enclosed thermal soil aeration process at the McKin Superfund site in Gray, Maine. Excavated soil containing up to 3310 ppm of trichloroethylene (TCE) was fed into a large rotating drum and mixed at 300°F. Aerated soil was then solidified with cement and water and returned to the on-site excavation location. Exhausted air from the enclosed aeration process was treated in a baghouse, a scrubber, and a vapor phase carbon bed prior to atmospheric release. Continuous air monitoring for organic vapors and particulates took place at the site perimeter and for organic vapors at onsite locations. Techniques to minimize uncontrolled volatilization of organic chemicals from the soil during excavation and aeration and to control dust emissions were implemented. Results of this pilot study indicate that concentrations of volatile organic contaminants routinely were reduced...
{"title":"Pilot study of enclosed thermal soil aeration for removal of volatile organic contamination at the McKin superfund site","authors":"D. Webster","doi":"10.1080/00022470.1986.10466164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00022470.1986.10466164","url":null,"abstract":"During the winter and spring of 1986 sandy soils contaminated with volatile organic chemicals were successfully treated during a pilot study of an enclosed thermal soil aeration process at the McKin Superfund site in Gray, Maine. Excavated soil containing up to 3310 ppm of trichloroethylene (TCE) was fed into a large rotating drum and mixed at 300°F. Aerated soil was then solidified with cement and water and returned to the on-site excavation location. Exhausted air from the enclosed aeration process was treated in a baghouse, a scrubber, and a vapor phase carbon bed prior to atmospheric release. Continuous air monitoring for organic vapors and particulates took place at the site perimeter and for organic vapors at onsite locations. Techniques to minimize uncontrolled volatilization of organic chemicals from the soil during excavation and aeration and to control dust emissions were implemented. Results of this pilot study indicate that concentrations of volatile organic contaminants routinely were reduced...","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":"70 1","pages":"1156-1163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86868873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-10-01DOI: 10.1080/00022470.1986.10466157
H. Crutcher, R. C. Rhodes, Maurice E. Graves, B. Fairbairn, A. Carl Nelson
The NORMIX data analysis program, which incorporates cluster analysis and multivariate statistical analysis routines, was modified and revised for use In a UNI VAC 1110 computer. The revised program was tested on three sample data sets and produced results in agreement with those from the original program. The NORMIX program was then used to evaluate and analyze eight sets of aerometric data from various sources. Comparison of the performance of NORMIX with two other cluster analysis algorithms, MIKCA and SAS CLUSTER, revealed that all three programs produce similar results In terms of hierarchical clustering, but NORMIX produces considerably more statistical evaluation and Information to the user. Thus NORMIX is recommended as the most useful cluster analysis program of these three.
{"title":"Application of Cluster Analysis to Aerometric Data","authors":"H. Crutcher, R. C. Rhodes, Maurice E. Graves, B. Fairbairn, A. Carl Nelson","doi":"10.1080/00022470.1986.10466157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00022470.1986.10466157","url":null,"abstract":"The NORMIX data analysis program, which incorporates cluster analysis and multivariate statistical analysis routines, was modified and revised for use In a UNI VAC 1110 computer. The revised program was tested on three sample data sets and produced results in agreement with those from the original program. The NORMIX program was then used to evaluate and analyze eight sets of aerometric data from various sources. Comparison of the performance of NORMIX with two other cluster analysis algorithms, MIKCA and SAS CLUSTER, revealed that all three programs produce similar results In terms of hierarchical clustering, but NORMIX produces considerably more statistical evaluation and Information to the user. Thus NORMIX is recommended as the most useful cluster analysis program of these three.","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":"12 1","pages":"1116-1122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90373682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-10-01DOI: 10.1080/00022470.1986.10466156
R. Rotty, D. Reister
A reference scenario for CO2 emissions was developed using a model of world energy supply and demand. In the reference scenario, world GNP and world energy demand increase at average rates of 2.1 percent per year and 1.5 percent per year, respectively during the period 1975-2100. The corresponding annual CO2 emissions rise to a maximum of 16 gigatons of carbon around 2050 and then decline as a result of a transition to nonfossil fuel energy systems. A modified scenario for high CO2 emissions was obtained by assuming an abundant supply of low cost coal, thus eliminating the transition. A low case was developed in which the low cost of alternative energy (i.e., solar, nuclear) induces an earlier shift away from fossil fuels. Annual emissions of the three scenarios were used as input to a global carbon cycle model and the CO2 buildup in the atmosphere during the period 1980-2100 was determined by the model. All three scenarios showed continuous rises in atmospheric CO2 concentration. The reference scenario r...
{"title":"Use of Energy Scenarios in Addressing the CO2 Question","authors":"R. Rotty, D. Reister","doi":"10.1080/00022470.1986.10466156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00022470.1986.10466156","url":null,"abstract":"A reference scenario for CO2 emissions was developed using a model of world energy supply and demand. In the reference scenario, world GNP and world energy demand increase at average rates of 2.1 percent per year and 1.5 percent per year, respectively during the period 1975-2100. The corresponding annual CO2 emissions rise to a maximum of 16 gigatons of carbon around 2050 and then decline as a result of a transition to nonfossil fuel energy systems. A modified scenario for high CO2 emissions was obtained by assuming an abundant supply of low cost coal, thus eliminating the transition. A low case was developed in which the low cost of alternative energy (i.e., solar, nuclear) induces an earlier shift away from fossil fuels. Annual emissions of the three scenarios were used as input to a global carbon cycle model and the CO2 buildup in the atmosphere during the period 1980-2100 was determined by the model. All three scenarios showed continuous rises in atmospheric CO2 concentration. The reference scenario r...","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":"8 1","pages":"1111-1115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84722317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00022470.1986.10466144
J. McQuaid-Cook, K. Simpson
The development of a special (hazardous) waste management system is well under way in Alberta, Canada, and completion of an integrated treatment and disposal facility near Swan Hills is expected in 1988. The facility will handle both inorganic and organic waste streams in a physical/chemical treatment plant and high temperature incinerator. Treated liquid residues will be disposed of in a deep well, and treated solid residues in a secure landfill. The chosen treatment technology and the established hydrogeological conditions of the site ensure the maintenance of environmental quality. An intensive site selection and public participation program provided that only locations which were environmentally and socially suitable for this development were considered. Through awareness of the problems of waste and the solutions for its management, and full citizen involvement in the site selection process, the siting and public participation programs accomplished the difficult task of selecting a location for North...
{"title":"Siting a Fully Integrated Waste Management Facility in Alberta","authors":"J. McQuaid-Cook, K. Simpson","doi":"10.1080/00022470.1986.10466144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00022470.1986.10466144","url":null,"abstract":"The development of a special (hazardous) waste management system is well under way in Alberta, Canada, and completion of an integrated treatment and disposal facility near Swan Hills is expected in 1988. The facility will handle both inorganic and organic waste streams in a physical/chemical treatment plant and high temperature incinerator. Treated liquid residues will be disposed of in a deep well, and treated solid residues in a secure landfill. The chosen treatment technology and the established hydrogeological conditions of the site ensure the maintenance of environmental quality. An intensive site selection and public participation program provided that only locations which were environmentally and socially suitable for this development were considered. Through awareness of the problems of waste and the solutions for its management, and full citizen involvement in the site selection process, the siting and public participation programs accomplished the difficult task of selecting a location for North...","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":"120 1","pages":"1031-1036"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73054964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00022470.1986.10466143
C. Buttazzoni, I. Lavagnini, A. Marani, F. Grandi, A. Turco
This paper deals with a comparative screening of existing air quality models based on their ability to simulate the distribution of sulfur dioxide data in the Venetian area. Investigations have been carried out on sulfur dioxide dispersion in the atmosphere of the Venetian area. The studies have been mainly focused on transport models (Gaussian, plume and K-models) aiming at meaningful correlations of sources and receptors. Among the results, a noteworthy disagreement of simulated and experimental data, due to the lack of thorough knowledge of source field conditions and of local meteorology of the sea-land transition area, has been shown. Investigations with receptor oriented models (based, e.g., on time series analysis, Fourier analysis, or statistical distributions) have also been performed.
{"title":"Probability Model for Atmospheric Sulphur Dioxide Concentrations in the Area of Venice","authors":"C. Buttazzoni, I. Lavagnini, A. Marani, F. Grandi, A. Turco","doi":"10.1080/00022470.1986.10466143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00022470.1986.10466143","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with a comparative screening of existing air quality models based on their ability to simulate the distribution of sulfur dioxide data in the Venetian area. Investigations have been carried out on sulfur dioxide dispersion in the atmosphere of the Venetian area. The studies have been mainly focused on transport models (Gaussian, plume and K-models) aiming at meaningful correlations of sources and receptors. Among the results, a noteworthy disagreement of simulated and experimental data, due to the lack of thorough knowledge of source field conditions and of local meteorology of the sea-land transition area, has been shown. Investigations with receptor oriented models (based, e.g., on time series analysis, Fourier analysis, or statistical distributions) have also been performed.","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":"50 Suppl 1 1","pages":"1028-1030"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90995112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00022470.1986.10466145
M. Davis
A brief, informal survey questionnaire was sent to 69 universities in the U.S. Forty-two schools responded. Of the 42 respondents, 30 offered one or more courses in hazardous waste management. The average number of courses offered was 1.76 at an average frequency of once per year. Approximately 400 students take the hazardous waste management courses each year. Only four schools provided explicit laboratory training in hazardous waste analysis/treatment. Sixty-nine percent of the respondents have a research program in hazardous waste management. Typical course outlines are presented. Equipment needs for a hazardous waste laboratory are suggested.
{"title":"A Survey of Graduate Education in Hazardous Waste Management","authors":"M. Davis","doi":"10.1080/00022470.1986.10466145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00022470.1986.10466145","url":null,"abstract":"A brief, informal survey questionnaire was sent to 69 universities in the U.S. Forty-two schools responded. Of the 42 respondents, 30 offered one or more courses in hazardous waste management. The average number of courses offered was 1.76 at an average frequency of once per year. Approximately 400 students take the hazardous waste management courses each year. Only four schools provided explicit laboratory training in hazardous waste analysis/treatment. Sixty-nine percent of the respondents have a research program in hazardous waste management. Typical course outlines are presented. Equipment needs for a hazardous waste laboratory are suggested.","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":"5 1","pages":"1036-1040"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90205780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00022470.1986.10466139
P. Burnet, N. G. Edmisten, P. E. Tiegs, J. E. Houck, R. Yoder
Abstract Emissions from residential wood burning stoves are of Increasing concern in many areas. This concern is due to the magnitude of the emissions and the toxic and chemical characteristics of the pollutants. Recent testing of standard and new technology woodstoves has provided data for developing a family of particulate and carbon monoxide emission factor curves. This testing has also provided data illustrating the acidity of woodstove emissions. The particulate and carbon monoxide curves relate the actual stove emissions to the stove size and operating parameters of burn rate, fuel loading, and fuel moisture. Curves relating stove types to the acidity of emissions have also been constructed. Test data show actual emissions vary from 3 to 50 grams per kilogram for particles and from 50 to 300 grams per kilogram for carbon monoxide. Since woodstove emissions are the largest single category of particulate emissions in many areas, it Is essential that these emissions be quantified specifically for geogr...
{"title":"Particulate, Carbon Monoxide, and Acid Emission Factors for Residential Wood Burning Stoves","authors":"P. Burnet, N. G. Edmisten, P. E. Tiegs, J. E. Houck, R. Yoder","doi":"10.1080/00022470.1986.10466139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00022470.1986.10466139","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Emissions from residential wood burning stoves are of Increasing concern in many areas. This concern is due to the magnitude of the emissions and the toxic and chemical characteristics of the pollutants. Recent testing of standard and new technology woodstoves has provided data for developing a family of particulate and carbon monoxide emission factor curves. This testing has also provided data illustrating the acidity of woodstove emissions. The particulate and carbon monoxide curves relate the actual stove emissions to the stove size and operating parameters of burn rate, fuel loading, and fuel moisture. Curves relating stove types to the acidity of emissions have also been constructed. Test data show actual emissions vary from 3 to 50 grams per kilogram for particles and from 50 to 300 grams per kilogram for carbon monoxide. Since woodstove emissions are the largest single category of particulate emissions in many areas, it Is essential that these emissions be quantified specifically for geogr...","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":"53 1","pages":"1012-1018"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86766887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00022470.1986.10466135
H. J. Corbett
At the 79th Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, a panel discussion was conducted by top environmental leaders detailing some of the country's pollution control accomplishments and the chemical industry's contribution to them. Attention is focused on how to sort out and slate for action major health risks from pollution versus less important ones. Air and water quality, while still far from perfect, are significantly improved from 1970. Air quality standards have been achieved in most areas of the country for sulfur dioxide, total suspended particulates, nitrogen dioxide and lead. Carbon monoxide and ozone levels are still as problem in some metropolitan areas. Water quality has shown less improvement than air quality. The chemical industry has been a major player in this air and water progress.
{"title":"Environmental progress and problems: a chemical industry perspective","authors":"H. J. Corbett","doi":"10.1080/00022470.1986.10466135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00022470.1986.10466135","url":null,"abstract":"At the 79th Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, a panel discussion was conducted by top environmental leaders detailing some of the country's pollution control accomplishments and the chemical industry's contribution to them. Attention is focused on how to sort out and slate for action major health risks from pollution versus less important ones. Air and water quality, while still far from perfect, are significantly improved from 1970. Air quality standards have been achieved in most areas of the country for sulfur dioxide, total suspended particulates, nitrogen dioxide and lead. Carbon monoxide and ozone levels are still as problem in some metropolitan areas. Water quality has shown less improvement than air quality. The chemical industry has been a major player in this air and water progress.","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":"16 1","pages":"1003-1005"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78945529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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