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Severity of SO2-lnduced Leaf Necrosis on Caribbean, Scots, and Virginia Pine Seedlings so2诱导的加勒比、苏格兰和弗吉尼亚松树幼苗叶片坏死的严重程度
Pub Date : 1986-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/00022470.1986.10466140
D. Umbach, D. Davis
Caribbean pine, an economically important tree of tropical lowlands, is at risk of SO2 exposure in certain locales. Twenty-week old seedlings of Caribbean, Scots, and Virginia pine were exposed to 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 ppm SO2 (1300, 2600, and 5200 μm−3, respectively) for 1, 2, 4, and 8 h in modified controlled-environment chambers. Severity of SO2-induced leaf necrosis for each species was related to SO2 concentration and exposure duration using a regression model. The three dose-response relationships differed in detail, but Caribbean pine seedlings were generally as sensitive to SO2 as seedlings of the two highly sensitive temperate species. In addition, 173 4-wk-old Caribbean pine seedlings were exposed to 0.5 ppm SO2 for 4 h. Over one-half of these seedlings exhibited some necrosis and over one-sixth had more than 5 percent of leaf surface necrotic. It is concluded that Caribbean pine seedlings are highly sensitive to acute doses of SO2.
加勒比松是热带低地的一种重要经济树种,在某些地区面临二氧化硫暴露的风险。将20周大的加勒比松、苏格兰松和弗吉尼亚松幼苗分别暴露于0.5、1.0和2.0 ppm的SO2(分别为1300、2600和5200 μm−3)中1、2、4和8小时。利用回归模型分析了SO2浓度和暴露时间对各树种叶片坏死程度的影响。这三种剂量-反应关系在细节上存在差异,但加勒比松幼苗对SO2的敏感性一般与两种高度敏感的温带树种幼苗一样。此外,173个4周龄的加勒比松幼苗暴露在0.5 ppm SO2中4小时。这些幼苗中有一半以上表现出一定程度的坏死,超过六分之一的幼苗有超过5%的叶片表面坏死。结果表明,加勒比松幼苗对急性SO2剂量高度敏感。
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引用次数: 2
Summary of the 1986 EPA/APCA Symposium on Measurement of Toxic Air Pollutants 1986年EPA/APCA有毒空气污染物测量研讨会摘要
Pub Date : 1986-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/00022470.1986.10466147
R. Jayanty, S. Hochheiser
A joint conference cosponsored by APCA’s TP-6, TP-7, and TT-9 technical committees, and the Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, was held in Raleigh, North Carolina, April 27-30, 1986. The technical program consisted of 95 presentations, held in ten separate technical sessions, on recent advances in the measurement and monitoring of toxic and other contaminants found in ambient and source atmospheres. Covering a wide range of measurement topics and superbly supported by 16 exhibitors of instrumentation and consulting services, the symposium was enthusiastically received by nearly 600 attendees from the United States and other countries. This overview contains a selection of the highlights from the technical presentations. A synopsis of the keynote address to the symposium is also included.
1986年4月27日至30日,由APCA的TP-6、TP-7和TT-9技术委员会以及美国环境保护署的环境监测系统实验室共同主办的联合会议在北卡罗来纳州的罗利举行。技术方案包括在10次单独的技术会议上举行的95次专题介绍,内容是关于在测量和监测环境和源大气中发现的有毒和其他污染物方面的最新进展。本次研讨会涵盖了广泛的测量主题,并得到了16家仪器仪表和咨询服务参展商的大力支持,受到了来自美国和其他国家近600名与会者的热烈欢迎。这篇概述包含了技术演讲中的一些重点内容。研讨会的主题演讲摘要也包括在内。
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引用次数: 1
Improving Baghouse Performance at the Monticello Generating Station 改善Monticello发电站的Baghouse性能
Pub Date : 1986-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/00022470.1986.10466146
L. Felix, R. Merritt, K. Duncan
At the Monticello station, operated by the Texas Utilities Generating Company, lignite coal obtained locally in Titus and Hopkins Counties fuels each of the three units. Units 1 and 2 are identical 575-MW Combustion Engineering (CE) boilers, each of which discharges its effluent to a 36- compartment shake/deflate cleaned baghouse paralleled with four electrostatic precipitators (ESP). Unit 3 is a larger boiler and is followed by an ESP and a scrubber. The Unit 1 and 2 baghouses were designed to clean 80 percent of the flue gas. Since startup, these baghouses have regularly experienced flange-to-flange pressure drops in excess of 10 in. H2O, with large opacity spikes caused by ash bleeding through the bags after compartment cleanings. Because of higher-than-expected pressure drop, the baghouses receive only about 45-50 percent of the flue gas. Analysis has shown the Monticello lignite ash significantly differs from most other coal ashes. Testing has shown that the Monticello ash is not filtered effectively...
在由德克萨斯公用事业发电公司运营的蒙蒂塞洛电站,从提图斯县和霍普金斯县当地获得的褐煤为三台机组提供燃料。1号机组和2号机组是相同的575兆瓦燃烧工程(CE)锅炉,每台锅炉将其废水排放到一个36室摇放清洁袋房,并与四个静电除尘器(ESP)并联。第3单元是一个较大的锅炉,后面是一个ESP和一个洗涤器。1号机组和2号机组的设计目标是净化80%的烟气。自启动以来,这些袋仓经常经历法兰到法兰的压力下降超过10英寸。H2O,有很大的不透明尖峰,这是在隔室清洗后灰从袋子里渗出造成的。由于压力降高于预期,袋仓只能接收约45- 50%的烟气。分析表明,蒙蒂塞洛褐煤灰与大多数其他煤灰明显不同。测试表明蒙蒂塞洛火山灰没有被有效过滤……
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引用次数: 6
Clean Air Act: Promises and Priorities 清洁空气法案:承诺和优先事项
Pub Date : 1986-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/00022470.1986.10466134
J. Hair
Many of the nation's heavily polluted areas are substantially cleaner due the cooperative efforts of private industry, government and environmental group in fulfilling the goals of the Clean Air Act. However, too many communities missed the 1982 Clean Air Act deadline, neither reducing pollution to healthy levels nor developing plans to do so. Now as the final 1987 deadline approaches, it is anticipated that 30 major cities will still fall short of air pollution standards. Public opinion on the issue has been very clear with the American people remaining solidly behind clean air standards and initiatives. In fact, support for the Clean Air Act has increased since its enactment.
由于私营企业、政府和环保组织为实现《清洁空气法》的目标而共同努力,美国许多污染严重的地区已经大大清洁了。然而,太多的社区错过了1982年《清洁空气法》的最后期限,既没有将污染减少到健康水平,也没有制定相应的计划。现在,随着1987年最后期限的临近,预计30个主要城市仍将达不到空气污染标准。公众对这个问题的看法非常明确,美国人民仍然坚定地支持清洁空气标准和倡议。事实上,自《清洁空气法》颁布以来,对它的支持有所增加。
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引用次数: 0
Automated Chemical Mass Balance Receptor Modeling 自动化学质量平衡受体模型
Pub Date : 1986-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/00022470.1986.10466142
P. L. Hanrahan, J. Core
Chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor modeling provides alternative or complementary methods to dispersion models for apportioning particulate source impacts. This method estimates particulate source contributions at a receptor by comparing the chemistry of the ambient aerosol to the chemistry of the emissions from the various sources. To minimize demands on the analyst and facilitate the processing of large volumes of data, an initial version of an automated CMB model has been developed and is operational on an IBM personal computer as well as on a Harris mini-mainframe computer. Although it currently does not have all the features of the more interactive manual model, it does show promise for reducing man-power demands. The automated model is based on an early version of the EPA CMB model, which has been converted to run on an IBM-PC or compatible microcomputer. It uses the effective variance method. The interactive manual model is also undergoing modifications under an EPA contract. Some of these new features of the EPA model have been included in one version of the automated model.
化学质量平衡(CMB)受体模型为分配颗粒源影响的分散模型提供了替代或补充方法。这种方法通过比较环境气溶胶的化学性质和各种来源的排放物的化学性质来估计微粒源对一个受体的贡献。为了最大限度地减少对分析人员的需求并促进对大量数据的处理,已经开发了自动化CMB模型的初始版本,并在IBM个人计算机和Harris小型主机计算机上运行。虽然它目前不具备更具互动性的手动模型的所有功能,但它确实显示出减少人力需求的希望。自动化模型基于EPA CMB模型的早期版本,该模型已转换为在IBM-PC或兼容的微型计算机上运行。它采用有效方差法。根据一项环境保护署合同,交互式手册模型也正在进行修改。EPA模型的一些新功能已经包含在自动化模型的一个版本中。
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引用次数: 0
The Regulation of Toxic Air Pollutants Prepared Discussion 有毒空气污染物的管制准备讨论
Pub Date : 1986-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/00022470.1986.10466148
Robert L. Miller
The APCA Critical Review entitled “The Regulation of Toxic Air Pollutants” was presented by Joseph A. Cannon, attorney of environmental law and former EPA Assistant Administrator for Air and Radiation. Mr. Cannon presented his review at the 79th APCA Annual Meeting and Exhibition, held in Minneapolis, Minnesota in June 1986. The Critical Review paper had been published in the May 1986 issue of JAPCA. Prepared discussions presented during the Critical Review session are published here, along with closing remarks by Mr. Cannon. Dr. Howard M. Ellis, chairman of the Critical Review Subcommittee of the Publications Committee, served as moderator of the 1986 Critical Review session.
环境法律律师、前美国环保署空气与辐射助理署长约瑟夫·a·坎农(Joseph A. Cannon)发表了题为“有毒空气污染物监管”的APCA关键评论。Cannon先生于1986年6月在明尼苏达州明尼阿波利斯举行的第79届APCA年会和展览会上发表了他的评论。《评论》的论文已发表在《日本日刊》1986年5月刊上。在关键审查会议期间提出的准备好的讨论在此发表,并附有坎农先生的闭幕词。Howard M. Ellis博士,出版委员会关键审查小组委员会主席,担任1986年关键审查会议的主持人。
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引用次数: 0
Sources of nitroaromatic mutagens in atmospheric polycyclic organic matter. 大气多环有机物中硝基芳香诱变剂的来源。
Pub Date : 1986-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/00022470.1986.10466141
T L Gibson
The distribution of mutagenic activity and nitroaromatic components of polycyclic organic matter (POM) in ambient air at industrial, urban, suburban, rural, and remote sites was studied using organic extracts from high volume aerosol samples. Direct-acting mutagens including 1-nitropyrene (1-NP), dinitropyrenes (DNP), and hydroxynitropyrenes (HNP) were measured by high performance liquid chromatography while the mutagenicity was determined in the Salmonella bioassay with strain TA-98. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), one of the possible precursors of nitroaromatic compounds in POM, was also measured. In comparing samples from a range of sites, TSP and the concentration of BaP per mass of particulate matter decreased, as expected, at greater distances from urban and industrial combustion sources. However, the concentrations of polar nitroaromatic POM compounds per mass of particles were higher at a remote site than in nonindustrial urban and suburban areas. The mutagenicity in particulate matter extracts from the rem...
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引用次数: 25
In Full Sail and On Course 全速航行,航向正常
Pub Date : 1986-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/00022470.1986.10466136
Joseph J. Sbporowski Ed.D.
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引用次数: 0
Status of the DOE/GEESI In-Duct Scrubbing Pilot Study DOE/GEESI管道内洗涤试验研究现状
Pub Date : 1986-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/00022470.1986.10466133
K. Murphy, N. Shilling, H. Pennline
The recent promulgation of stack height regulations and possible changes in the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for sulfur dioxide and the associated dispersion model methodologies, could require older power plants to develop new compliance strategies and upgrade emission control systems. In such situations, an inexpensive, moderate removal efficiency flue gas desulfurization technology could maintain the cost effectiveness of these plants. Such a technology was selected by the Department of Energy for demonstration in its Acid Rain Precursor Control Technology Initiative. The process applies the rotary atomizer techniques developed for lime slurry dry flue gas desulfurization spray absorbers, and utilizes existing ductwork and particulate collectors. This induct scrubbing technology is anticipated to result in a dry desulfurization process of moderate removal efficiency. The critical elements for successful application are (i) adequate mixing for efficient reactant contact, (ii) sufficient residen...
最近颁布的烟囱高度条例和国家环境空气质量标准中二氧化硫和相关扩散模型方法的可能变化可能要求老电厂制定新的合规战略并升级排放控制系统。在这种情况下,一种廉价、中等去除效率的烟气脱硫技术可以保持这些工厂的成本效益。这种技术被能源部选择在其酸雨前体控制技术倡议中进行示范。该工艺采用为石灰浆干式烟气脱硫喷雾吸收器开发的旋转雾化器技术,并利用现有的管道系统和颗粒收集器。这种感应洗涤技术有望实现脱除效率适中的干法脱硫过程。成功应用的关键因素是(i)充分的混合以有效的反应物接触,(ii)足够的驻留…
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引用次数: 5
Rationale for an Eight-Hour Ozone Standard 八小时臭氧标准的基本原理
Pub Date : 1986-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/00022470.1986.10466130
P. Rombout, P. Lioy, B. Goldstein
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引用次数: 60
期刊
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association
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