Thermoelectric devices that facilitate the conversion of low-grade thermal gradients into electrical energy are increasingly recognized as essential elements for self-sustaining wearable electronics and autonomous Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructures. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of recent advancements in thermoelectric materials, flexible device architectures, and system-level power management methodologies that have been documented over the past five years. Principal areas of emphasis encompass nanostructuring, band engineering, and defect modulation strategies that augment the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) and power factor under low-ΔT conditions. Innovations in conducting polymers, hybrid nanocomposites, and low-dimensional materials are underscored for their mechanical flexibility, stretchability, and compatibility with scalable processing techniques. Comparative assessments of benchmark materials, including Bi2Te3 alloys, SnSe, Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS), and Carbon nanotube (CNT)/polymer composites, are presented with direct correlations to device-level performance metrics relevant to wearable applications and distributed sensor networks. In addition to summarizing advancements, this review emphasizes that successful commercialization will depend on the coordinated optimization of high-ZT, low-toxicity materials, robust architectures, and ultra-low-power electronic systems. Challenges such as scalable synthesis, long-term thermomechanical reliability, and sustainable recycling practices are critically scrutinized. Furthermore, the review aligns prospective research trajectories with Sustainable and Affordable and Clean Energy by promoting battery-free, environmentally sustainable wearable and IoT technologies.
{"title":"Advances in thermoelectronic materials and devices for self-sustaining wearable and IoT systems","authors":"Beemkumar Nagappan , K. Kamakshi Priya , Kulmani Mehar , Praveen Priyaranjan Nayak , Shailesh Kumar , Mahit Jain , A. Shwetha , Aseel Samrat","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermoelectric devices that facilitate the conversion of low-grade thermal gradients into electrical energy are increasingly recognized as essential elements for self-sustaining wearable electronics and autonomous Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructures. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of recent advancements in thermoelectric materials, flexible device architectures, and system-level power management methodologies that have been documented over the past five years. Principal areas of emphasis encompass nanostructuring, band engineering, and defect modulation strategies that augment the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) and power factor under low-ΔT conditions. Innovations in conducting polymers, hybrid nanocomposites, and low-dimensional materials are underscored for their mechanical flexibility, stretchability, and compatibility with scalable processing techniques. Comparative assessments of benchmark materials, including Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> alloys, SnSe, Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS), and Carbon nanotube (CNT)/polymer composites, are presented with direct correlations to device-level performance metrics relevant to wearable applications and distributed sensor networks. In addition to summarizing advancements, this review emphasizes that successful commercialization will depend on the coordinated optimization of high-ZT, low-toxicity materials, robust architectures, and ultra-low-power electronic systems. Challenges such as scalable synthesis, long-term thermomechanical reliability, and sustainable recycling practices are critically scrutinized. Furthermore, the review aligns prospective research trajectories with Sustainable and Affordable and Clean Energy by promoting battery-free, environmentally sustainable wearable and IoT technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 101059"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145620608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101005
Linfei Wang , Jiajun Ma , Zhan Zhang , Qian Chen , Tinghong Gao , Jin Huang , Bei Wang , Fuhong Ren , Shiyun Wang , Qiwei Sun , Liang Liu
Gallium arsenide (GaAs), a key III–V compound semiconductor, is widely used in optoelectronic and microelectronic applications due to its exceptional properties, including high-frequency operation capability, outstanding electron mobility, high power output, low noise figure, and excellent linearity. These characteristics make it indispensable for advanced photonic and electronic devices. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are employed to investigate the crystallization process of GaAs heterojunctions under orientation-controlled conditions, with a specific focus on heterostructures comprising zinc blende and wurtzite phases. We systematically examine the crystallization kinetics, interfacial growth mechanisms, defect evolution, and structural degradation during phase transformation. The results reveal a strong crystallographic dependence of morphological evolution, demonstrating pronounced anisotropic behavior at the heterointerfaces. Furthermore, we propose a novel strategy for fabricating high-quality GaAs crystals through controlled orientation engineering. The insights into defect-mediated crystallization mechanisms provide new perspectives for semiconductor crystal growth technology. The findings establish a structural basis for tailoring material properties via defect engineering, which is essential for advancing the development of near-infrared optoelectronic and laser technologies.
{"title":"Crystallization mechanism and interfacial analysis of highly uniform GaAs heterojunctions with anisotropic properties","authors":"Linfei Wang , Jiajun Ma , Zhan Zhang , Qian Chen , Tinghong Gao , Jin Huang , Bei Wang , Fuhong Ren , Shiyun Wang , Qiwei Sun , Liang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gallium arsenide (GaAs), a key III–V compound semiconductor, is widely used in optoelectronic and microelectronic applications due to its exceptional properties, including high-frequency operation capability, outstanding electron mobility, high power output, low noise figure, and excellent linearity. These characteristics make it indispensable for advanced photonic and electronic devices. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are employed to investigate the crystallization process of GaAs heterojunctions under orientation-controlled conditions, with a specific focus on heterostructures comprising zinc blende and wurtzite phases. We systematically examine the crystallization kinetics, interfacial growth mechanisms, defect evolution, and structural degradation during phase transformation. The results reveal a strong crystallographic dependence of morphological evolution, demonstrating pronounced anisotropic behavior at the heterointerfaces. Furthermore, we propose a novel strategy for fabricating high-quality GaAs crystals through controlled orientation engineering. The insights into defect-mediated crystallization mechanisms provide new perspectives for semiconductor crystal growth technology. The findings establish a structural basis for tailoring material properties via defect engineering, which is essential for advancing the development of near-infrared optoelectronic and laser technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 101005"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101040
Vahid Sabaghi, Aida Abdoli, Fatemeh Davar
This study engineered a tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive theranostic nanosystem by employing hollow zinc-doped manganese oxide (H-ZnzMnx-zOy) nanostructures. Doping Zn2+ ions into the MnxOy matrix induces lattice distortion, increases microstrain, and improves surface heterogeneity, thereby enhancing drug-loading capacity and catalytic performance. Meanwhile, optimization of the nanoplatform at Z = 0.05 yielded a high specific surface area (SBET = 49.11 m2 g−1) and a mesoporous structure. Furthermore, the surface was modified using chitosan cross-linked with tripolyphosphate (Chi-TPP) to enhance biocompatibility and colloidal stability under physiological conditions. Adsorption studies revealed a maximum PTX loading capacity of 151.069 mg g−1 under the optimal conditions (160 ppm PTX, 0.9 mg mL−1 nanoplatform, and 7 h contact time), with a loading efficiency of 89.7 %. The in vitro release studies demonstrated that PTX release was highly selective under tumor-mimicking conditions, including acidic pH, elevated temperature, 100 μM H2O2, and 10 mM glutathione (GSH), resulting in 86 % drug release. In contrast, less than 10 % release occurred under normal physiological conditions, confirming the TME-specific responsiveness of the nanoplatform. Moreover, in phantom experiments using T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the longitudinal relaxivity (r1) increased15-fold (7.74 vs. 0.52 mM−1 s−1) under simulated TME conditions, which was attributed to the release of Mn2+ ions via catalytic degradation. Cytotoxicity assays indicated that non-specific cell toxicity was markedly reduced by Chi-TPP surface modification while retaining efficient PTX delivery capability. Collectively, the H-ZnzMnx-zOy@Chi-TPP@PTX nanosystem serves as a multifunctional platform for TME-responsive hypoxia modulation and MRI bioimaging, enabling targeted drug delivery (TDD) and controlled release.
{"title":"Engineering a TME-responsive hollow ZnzMnx-zOy-based nanoplatform for cancer theranostic applications","authors":"Vahid Sabaghi, Aida Abdoli, Fatemeh Davar","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study engineered a tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive theranostic nanosystem by employing hollow zinc-doped manganese oxide (H-Zn<sub>z</sub>Mn<sub>x-z</sub>O<sub>y</sub>) nanostructures. Doping Zn<sup>2+</sup> ions into the Mn<sub>x</sub>O<sub>y</sub> matrix induces lattice distortion, increases microstrain, and improves surface heterogeneity, thereby enhancing drug-loading capacity and catalytic performance. Meanwhile, optimization of the nanoplatform at Z = 0.05 yielded a high specific surface area (S<sub>BET</sub> = 49.11 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>) and a mesoporous structure. Furthermore, the surface was modified using chitosan cross-linked with tripolyphosphate (Chi-TPP) to enhance biocompatibility and colloidal stability under physiological conditions. Adsorption studies revealed a maximum PTX loading capacity of 151.069 mg g<sup>−1</sup> under the optimal conditions (160 ppm PTX, 0.9 mg mL<sup>−1</sup> nanoplatform, and 7 h contact time), with a loading efficiency of 89.7 %. The <em>in vitro</em> release studies demonstrated that PTX release was highly selective under tumor-mimicking conditions, including acidic pH, elevated temperature, 100 μM H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, and 10 mM glutathione (GSH), resulting in 86 % drug release. In contrast, less than 10 % release occurred under normal physiological conditions, confirming the TME-specific responsiveness of the nanoplatform. Moreover, in phantom experiments using T<sub>1</sub>-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the longitudinal relaxivity (<em>r</em><sub><em>1</em></sub>) increased15-fold (7.74 vs. 0.52 mM<sup>−1</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>) under simulated TME conditions, which was attributed to the release of Mn<sup>2+</sup> ions via catalytic degradation. Cytotoxicity assays indicated that non-specific cell toxicity was markedly reduced by Chi-TPP surface modification while retaining efficient PTX delivery capability. Collectively, the H-Zn<sub>z</sub>Mn<sub>x-z</sub>O<sub>y</sub>@Chi-TPP@PTX nanosystem serves as a multifunctional platform for TME-responsive hypoxia modulation and MRI bioimaging, enabling targeted drug delivery (TDD) and controlled release.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 101040"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145473685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101038
Men Li, Xinbao Gao, Tianpeng Li
Infrared spectroscopic analysis was conducted to determine the formation mechanism of hydroxylamine nitrate (HAN)-based electrically controlled solid propellant (ECSP). Results indicated that chemical crosslinking occurs between HB and PVA by forming a borate ester bond, while physical crosslinking arises from hydrogen bonding among PVA, HAN, HB, and H2O. The analysis was carried out from chemical and physical crosslinking perspectives, employing various Density Functional Theory (DFT) analytical methods. These methods included reaction barrier calculations, Electrostatic Potential (ESP) analysis, hydrogen bond binding energy calculations, Atoms-in-molecules (AIM) analysis, Electron Density Difference (EDD) analysis, and charge transfer calculations. Results indicate that chemical crosslinking mainly occurs through a generalized acid–base reaction between boric acid (HB) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), with an activation barrier of 55.303 kJ/mol. Physical crosslinking is governed by hydrogen bonding between PVA and the small molecules HB, NO3−, NH3OH+, and H2O. Moderate hydrogen bonds are formed with HB (−7.909 kcal/mol) and H2O (−6.559 kcal/mol), while stronger hydrogen bonds are established with NO3− (−11.677 kcal/mol) and NH3OH+ (−21.563 kcal/mol). EDD analysis reveals enhanced electron density at the PVA–molecule interfaces, and charge-transfer calculations confirm partial charge delocalization, thereby corroborating the presence of hydrogen-bond interactions.
{"title":"Formation mechanism of hydroxylamine-nitrate-based electrically controlled solid propellant: A DFT analysis","authors":"Men Li, Xinbao Gao, Tianpeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infrared spectroscopic analysis was conducted to determine the formation mechanism of hydroxylamine nitrate (HAN)-based electrically controlled solid propellant (ECSP). Results indicated that chemical crosslinking occurs between HB and PVA by forming a borate ester bond, while physical crosslinking arises from hydrogen bonding among PVA, HAN, HB, and H<sub>2</sub>O. The analysis was carried out from chemical and physical crosslinking perspectives, employing various Density Functional Theory (DFT) analytical methods. These methods included reaction barrier calculations, Electrostatic Potential (ESP) analysis, hydrogen bond binding energy calculations, Atoms-in-molecules (AIM) analysis, Electron Density Difference (EDD) analysis, and charge transfer calculations. Results indicate that chemical crosslinking mainly occurs through a generalized acid–base reaction between boric acid (HB) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), with an activation barrier of 55.303 kJ/mol. Physical crosslinking is governed by hydrogen bonding between PVA and the small molecules HB, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, NH<sub>3</sub>OH<sup>+</sup>, and H<sub>2</sub>O. Moderate hydrogen bonds are formed with HB (−7.909 kcal/mol) and H<sub>2</sub>O (−6.559 kcal/mol), while stronger hydrogen bonds are established with NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> (−11.677 kcal/mol) and NH<sub>3</sub>OH<sup>+</sup> (−21.563 kcal/mol). EDD analysis reveals enhanced electron density at the PVA–molecule interfaces, and charge-transfer calculations confirm partial charge delocalization, thereby corroborating the presence of hydrogen-bond interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 101038"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145473688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101000
Hyojung Kim
This review examines the recent progress in thin-film field-effect transistors (FETs) that employ 2D halide perovskites as the active layer. Attention is concentrated on the molecular chemistry that affects lattice integrity and interface energetics. The incorporation of spacer cations with medium alkyl chains, π-conjugated bonds, diammonium linkers, or chiral centers has significantly improved the layered network, minimized vacancy formation, and restricted ion migration. Additional additives that supplied sulfur donors or extra metal halides improved crystal continuity and preserved the desired oxidation state of tin, resulting in films with smooth grains and low trap densities. Interlayers displaying significant dipole moments aligned the perovskite work function with gold (Au) electrodes, enabling close ohmic contact. Simultaneously, cross-linked polymer dielectrics and protective 2D caps significantly reduced leakage, prevented moisture ingress, and controlled ionic drift. The combination of chemical and process engineering resulted in transfer characteristics that demonstrate narrow hysteresis, stable threshold voltages, and improved mobility. The capacity to regulate gating via light and the reversible interaction with oxygen demonstrated additional adaptability; nonetheless, the intrinsic ionic flexibility underscored the need for strategies that guarantee enduring consistency. Recent results highlight 2D perovskites as among the most promising solution-processed semiconductors for flexible electronics.
{"title":"Recent advances in halide perovskite material classes for field-effect transistors","authors":"Hyojung Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review examines the recent progress in thin-film field-effect transistors (FETs) that employ 2D halide perovskites as the active layer. Attention is concentrated on the molecular chemistry that affects lattice integrity and interface energetics. The incorporation of spacer cations with medium alkyl chains, π-conjugated bonds, diammonium linkers, or chiral centers has significantly improved the layered network, minimized vacancy formation, and restricted ion migration. Additional additives that supplied sulfur donors or extra metal halides improved crystal continuity and preserved the desired oxidation state of tin, resulting in films with smooth grains and low trap densities. Interlayers displaying significant dipole moments aligned the perovskite work function with gold (Au) electrodes, enabling close ohmic contact. Simultaneously, cross-linked polymer dielectrics and protective 2D caps significantly reduced leakage, prevented moisture ingress, and controlled ionic drift. The combination of chemical and process engineering resulted in transfer characteristics that demonstrate narrow hysteresis, stable threshold voltages, and improved mobility. The capacity to regulate gating via light and the reversible interaction with oxygen demonstrated additional adaptability; nonetheless, the intrinsic ionic flexibility underscored the need for strategies that guarantee enduring consistency. Recent results highlight 2D perovskites as among the most promising solution-processed semiconductors for flexible electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 101000"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.100999
Mohammad Tariqul Islam , Mohamad A. Alawad , Muhammad Amir Khalil , Abdulmajeed M. Alenezi
The chemical industry relies on advanced sensing technologies to accurately assess liquid chemical samples. Many electronic devices require electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding to ensure reliable performance. This study introduces a Hexagon-Encased Dual Square Split Resonator (H-DSSR) structure, based on metamaterials, designed for liquid chemical sensing applications. The proposed structure is polarization-independent, offering high sensitivity and a high-quality factor. It is constructed from an RT5880 substrate, measuring 10 × 10 mm with a thickness of 1.57 mm, and operates at a resonance frequency of 10.65 GHz for both electric and magnetic transverse modes. The scattering parameters (transmission coefficients) are analyzed at various angles, including the incident angle (φ) and polar angle (θ), up to 75° for both modes. To validate the simulation results, a prototype of the proposed metamaterial structure is fabricated and tested in a laboratory setting with different liquid substances. The sensor prototype achieves a sensitivity of 0.60 and a quality factor of 269, demonstrating significant improvements over previous studies, particularly in EMI shielding applications. This sensor can be applied in industries such as liquid chemical monitoring and telecommunications, offering substantial benefits for chemical industries while advancing EMI shielding technology.
{"title":"Enhancing liquid chemical sensing and EMI shielding with hexagon-encased dual square split resonators","authors":"Mohammad Tariqul Islam , Mohamad A. Alawad , Muhammad Amir Khalil , Abdulmajeed M. Alenezi","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.100999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.100999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The chemical industry relies on advanced sensing technologies to accurately assess liquid chemical samples. Many electronic devices require electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding to ensure reliable performance. This study introduces a Hexagon-Encased Dual Square Split Resonator (H-DSSR) structure, based on metamaterials, designed for liquid chemical sensing applications. The proposed structure is polarization-independent, offering high sensitivity and a high-quality factor. It is constructed from an RT5880 substrate, measuring 10 × 10 mm with a thickness of 1.57 mm, and operates at a resonance frequency of 10.65 GHz for both electric and magnetic transverse modes. The scattering parameters (transmission coefficients) are analyzed at various angles, including the incident angle (φ) and polar angle (θ), up to 75° for both modes. To validate the simulation results, a prototype of the proposed metamaterial structure is fabricated and tested in a laboratory setting with different liquid substances. The sensor prototype achieves a sensitivity of 0.60 and a quality factor of 269, demonstrating significant improvements over previous studies, particularly in EMI shielding applications. This sensor can be applied in industries such as liquid chemical monitoring and telecommunications, offering substantial benefits for chemical industries while advancing EMI shielding technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 100999"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101058
Xu-Xiang Cai , Sheng-Jung Tsou , Chung-Kwei Lin , Ruey-Bin Yang , Wen-An Chiou , Hong-Ming Lin , Yuh-Jing Chiou
Lightweight radar absorbing materials (RAMs) play a crucial role in various applications requiring the absorption of electromagnetic radiation. Both large reflection loss and wide effective absorption bandwidth are key issues for RAMs. In the present study, facile and mass producible NiFe nanowires were prepared and inlaid with ZnS nanocrystals (5, 10, and 15 wt%) to improve their microwave absorption properties. The physical materials characteristics of the so-obtained ZnS/NiFe nanowires were examined using X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, etc. Microwave absorber composites were prepared using 5 wt% optimal ZnS/NiFe nanowires and investigated to reveal their corresponding microwave absorption performance. The experimental results showed that (ZnS)10/(Ni1Fe99)90 (i.e., Ni1Fe99 NWs inlaid with 10 wt% ZnS nanocrystals) exhibited significant improvements in both microwave absorption characteristics (complex permeability and permittivity) and performance (reflection loss and effective absorption bandwidth, EAB). The minimum reflection loss was −50.32 dB at 17.60 GHz for a thickness of 1.5 mm, whereas EAB reached 7.59 GHz, ranging from 10.41 to 18.00 GHz for a 1.7 mm thickness. The superior enhancement in microwave absorption performance can be attributed to the synergistic effect of exchange resonance and dielectric polarization relaxation loss induced by the inlay of ZnS nanocrystals on Ni1Fe99 NWs.
{"title":"Superior enhancement in microwave absorption performance of NiFe nanowires inlaid with ZnS Nanocrystals: Synergistic effect of exchange resonance and dielectric polarization relaxation","authors":"Xu-Xiang Cai , Sheng-Jung Tsou , Chung-Kwei Lin , Ruey-Bin Yang , Wen-An Chiou , Hong-Ming Lin , Yuh-Jing Chiou","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lightweight radar absorbing materials (RAMs) play a crucial role in various applications requiring the absorption of electromagnetic radiation. Both large reflection loss and wide effective absorption bandwidth are key issues for RAMs. In the present study, facile and mass producible NiFe nanowires were prepared and inlaid with ZnS nanocrystals (5, 10, and 15 wt%) to improve their microwave absorption properties. The physical materials characteristics of the so-obtained ZnS/NiFe nanowires were examined using X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, etc. Microwave absorber composites were prepared using 5 wt% optimal ZnS/NiFe nanowires and investigated to reveal their corresponding microwave absorption performance. The experimental results showed that (ZnS)<sub>10</sub>/(Ni<sub>1</sub>Fe<sub>99</sub>)<sub>90</sub> (i.e., Ni<sub>1</sub>Fe<sub>99</sub> NWs inlaid with 10 wt% ZnS nanocrystals) exhibited significant improvements in both microwave absorption characteristics (complex permeability and permittivity) and performance (reflection loss and effective absorption bandwidth, EAB). The minimum reflection loss was −50.32 dB at 17.60 GHz for a thickness of 1.5 mm, whereas EAB reached 7.59 GHz, ranging from 10.41 to 18.00 GHz for a 1.7 mm thickness. The superior enhancement in microwave absorption performance can be attributed to the synergistic effect of exchange resonance and dielectric polarization relaxation loss induced by the inlay of ZnS nanocrystals on Ni<sub>1</sub>Fe<sub>99</sub> NWs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 101058"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145620594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101015
Laila S. Alqarni , Maha D. Alghamdi
Diabetes mellitus has become a public health problem over recent years. This medical condition requires constant monitoring of glucose levels in the blood. Even though glucose produces a weak Raman signal, it is not sufficient for sensitive detection. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a non-invasive glucose testing method that will improve the detection limit and improve point of care services. An ideal substrate for SERS is still a subject of debate. Although metallic nanoparticles made of silver or gold can greatly enhance the intensity of Raman scattering, they have their limitations. Graphene has been proposed as an inert and stable alternative, although it has a lower enhancement factor and is difficult to produce. In recent studies, researchers have combined graphene and its derivatives with metallic nanoparticles to harness the advantages of both materials. Such a combination, along with modifications and different fabrication techniques, can enable glucose detection at very low concentrations (down to 10−12 -10−14 M). This review provides an overview of the principle of SERS and covers recently developed graphene-based substrates for SERS analysis of glucose,along with their advantages and disadvantages.
{"title":"Graphene and its derivatives as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates for glucose detection","authors":"Laila S. Alqarni , Maha D. Alghamdi","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetes mellitus has become a public health problem over recent years. This medical condition requires constant monitoring of glucose levels in the blood. Even though glucose produces a weak Raman signal, it is not sufficient for sensitive detection. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a non-invasive glucose testing method that will improve the detection limit and improve point of care services. An ideal substrate for SERS is still a subject of debate. Although metallic nanoparticles made of silver or gold can greatly enhance the intensity of Raman scattering, they have their limitations. Graphene has been proposed as an inert and stable alternative, although it has a lower enhancement factor and is difficult to produce. In recent studies, researchers have combined graphene and its derivatives with metallic nanoparticles to harness the advantages of both materials. Such a combination, along with modifications and different fabrication techniques, can enable glucose detection at very low concentrations (down to 10<sup>−12</sup> -10<sup>−14</sup> M). This review provides an overview of the principle of SERS and covers recently developed graphene-based substrates for SERS analysis of glucose,along with their advantages and disadvantages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 101015"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101067
Nadia Reza , Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque , K.S. Al-mugren
A quatrefoil-loop-shaped metamaterial is designed in this paper to detect explosive gases in the C and X bands. It achieves three resonance frequencies at 6.5 GHz, 7.58 GHz, and 8.7 GHz with absorption rates of 99.9 %, 93.2 %, and 96.5 %, respectively. The absorber shows the same absorption at different polarization angles from 0° to 90° in both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes. The absorber can sense explosive gases such as propane and butane. The sensitivity of the propane and butane is 0.47 GHz/RIU and 0.5 GHz/RIU with a quality factor of 130 and 216, respectively. The Figure of Merit values are 10 for propane and 16.67 for butane. The sensing occurs based on the refractive index. The design is based on a cost-effective FR-4 (lossy) dielectric substrate. The unit cell dimensions are 8 × 8 × 1.6 mm3. Analysis of surface current, electric fields, and magnetic fields confirms strong resonance at each band. Additionally, the design's equivalent circuit is modeled and validated in Advanced Design System (ADS). The fabricated design is measured, and the measurement results agree well with the simulated response.
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Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101061
Manal A. Awad , Awatif A. Hendi , Khalid M. Ortashi , Saad G. Alshammari , Hayat Althobaiti , Gul Naz , Fatimah Al-Abbas , Reema A. Alnamlah , Meshal Marzoog Al-Sharafa , Raghad M. Alsubaie , Nada M. Merghani , R. Ramadan , H.J. Elamin , Fahd Z. Eissa , Eram Eltahir , Maha M. Almoneef
This study reports the synthesis of a composite of lanthanum (La2O3)–zinc oxide nanoparticles (La-ZnONPs) using a simple and cost-effective co-precipitation method. The structural, morphological, compositional, and functional properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were systematically investigated. UV–visible spectroscopy revealed an excitonic absorption peak at ∼364 nm, and the optical band gap was calculated to be 2.9 ± 0.02 eV using the Kubelka–Munk method. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated the vibrational modes of functional groups, with a prominent peak in the range of 3000–3600 cm−1 corresponding to the O–H bond, while the absence of additional significant absorption bands confirmed the high purity of the nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed their morphology, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the elemental composition. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed a hexagonal wurtzite structure with an average crystallite size of ∼15 ± 0.01 nm. Electrochemical characterization demonstrated that La-ZnO electrodes exhibited a specific capacitance (Cp) of 0.8064 ± 0.001 F/g at a scan rate of 0.01 V/s, which decreased to 0.3758 ± 0.01 F/g at higher scan rates due to reduced interaction time between the active material and electrolyte ions. The observed pseudocapacitive behavior was attributed to oxygen vacancies and La incorporation, which enhanced the overall capacitance. The anticancer potential of La-ZnONPs was evaluated against colon cancer, MDA-MB-231 breast cancer, and HeLa cervical cancer cell lines using the MTT assay. The nanoparticles exhibited significant cytotoxicity, with cell viabilities of 28.5 ± 0.12 %, 25 ± 0.15 %, and 30.2 ± 0.14 % for colon, MDA-MB-231, and HeLa cells, respectively, demonstrating effective cytotoxicity at relatively low concentrations and highlighting their potential as anticancer agents. Unlike previous studies on La-ZnO, which primarily focused on structural and optical properties, this work demonstrates the dual functionality of La-ZnONPs by systematically assessing both their electrochemical and anticancer activities. These findings underscore their biomedical relevance and potential application in energy storage, offering a unique combination of multifunctional properties for future technological and therapeutic developments.
{"title":"Optical and structural characteristics of La2O3-ZnO nanoparticles synthesized via the Co-precipitation technique: Potential for energy storage and biomedical applications","authors":"Manal A. Awad , Awatif A. Hendi , Khalid M. Ortashi , Saad G. Alshammari , Hayat Althobaiti , Gul Naz , Fatimah Al-Abbas , Reema A. Alnamlah , Meshal Marzoog Al-Sharafa , Raghad M. Alsubaie , Nada M. Merghani , R. Ramadan , H.J. Elamin , Fahd Z. Eissa , Eram Eltahir , Maha M. Almoneef","doi":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsamd.2025.101061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reports the synthesis of a composite of lanthanum (La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)–zinc oxide nanoparticles (La-ZnONPs) using a simple and cost-effective co-precipitation method. The structural, morphological, compositional, and functional properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were systematically investigated. UV–visible spectroscopy revealed an excitonic absorption peak at ∼364 nm, and the optical band gap was calculated to be 2.9 ± 0.02 eV using the Kubelka–Munk method. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated the vibrational modes of functional groups, with a prominent peak in the range of 3000–3600 cm<sup>−1</sup> corresponding to the O–H bond, while the absence of additional significant absorption bands confirmed the high purity of the nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed their morphology, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the elemental composition. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed a hexagonal wurtzite structure with an average crystallite size of ∼15 ± 0.01 nm. Electrochemical characterization demonstrated that La-ZnO electrodes exhibited a specific capacitance (Cp) of 0.8064 ± 0.001 F/g at a scan rate of 0.01 V/s, which decreased to 0.3758 ± 0.01 F/g at higher scan rates due to reduced interaction time between the active material and electrolyte ions. The observed pseudocapacitive behavior was attributed to oxygen vacancies and La incorporation, which enhanced the overall capacitance. The anticancer potential of La-ZnONPs was evaluated against colon cancer, MDA-MB-231 breast cancer, and HeLa cervical cancer cell lines using the MTT assay. The nanoparticles exhibited significant cytotoxicity, with cell viabilities of 28.5 ± 0.12 %, 25 ± 0.15 %, and 30.2 ± 0.14 % for colon, MDA-MB-231, and HeLa cells, respectively, demonstrating effective cytotoxicity at relatively low concentrations and highlighting their potential as anticancer agents. Unlike previous studies on La-ZnO, which primarily focused on structural and optical properties, this work demonstrates the dual functionality of La-ZnONPs by systematically assessing both their electrochemical and anticancer activities. These findings underscore their biomedical relevance and potential application in energy storage, offering a unique combination of multifunctional properties for future technological and therapeutic developments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices","volume":"10 4","pages":"Article 101061"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145690777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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