Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.52568/001289/jcsp/45.04.2023
Akef Ibrahim Alhmaideen Akef Ibrahim Alhmaideen, Hamzeh M Abdel Halim Hamzeh M Abdel Halim, Assala A Al Twal and Adnan S Abu Surrah Assala A Al Twal and Adnan S Abu Surrah
In structuring catalysis enzyme and chemistry, tridentate ligands and Scorpionate ligands are of significant worth. This study presents the synthesis of a tris(pyrazolyl)borate ligand to be utilized in transition metal complexes as possible redox shuttles. Complexes of general formula [AgTp], [MIIITp (Cl2)] (M = Fe, Co), Tp = tri (1-pyrazolyl) borohydride and [AgTp*], [FeIIITp*(Cl2)], Tp* = tris (3, 5-dimethyl-1-pyrazolyl) borohydride were synthesized and characterized in solid state. The Tp ligands were considered triply coordinated with the metal center with two bounded chloride atoms as per the information gathered from spectroscopic information. Entire preparations and operations were performed under argon using common Schlenk procedures. Elemental analysis was performed using (the EURO EA instrument). Thermolysis shows that the Tp ligand decomposes around 100oC and above 300oC for some complexes. The composites were simple to compose, yielded high yields, and were reasonably air sensitive. This study has examined the synthesis of a tris(pyrazolyl)borohydride ligand to develop an iron complex. Further studies conducting electrochemical tests should be carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of this likely redox mediator.
{"title":"Synthesis of New Series of Transition Metal Complexes with Poly (Pyrazolyl) Borates","authors":"Akef Ibrahim Alhmaideen Akef Ibrahim Alhmaideen, Hamzeh M Abdel Halim Hamzeh M Abdel Halim, Assala A Al Twal and Adnan S Abu Surrah Assala A Al Twal and Adnan S Abu Surrah","doi":"10.52568/001289/jcsp/45.04.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52568/001289/jcsp/45.04.2023","url":null,"abstract":"In structuring catalysis enzyme and chemistry, tridentate ligands and Scorpionate ligands are of significant worth. This study presents the synthesis of a tris(pyrazolyl)borate ligand to be utilized in transition metal complexes as possible redox shuttles. Complexes of general formula [AgTp], [MIIITp (Cl2)] (M = Fe, Co), Tp = tri (1-pyrazolyl) borohydride and [AgTp*], [FeIIITp*(Cl2)], Tp* = tris (3, 5-dimethyl-1-pyrazolyl) borohydride were synthesized and characterized in solid state. The Tp ligands were considered triply coordinated with the metal center with two bounded chloride atoms as per the information gathered from spectroscopic information. Entire preparations and operations were performed under argon using common Schlenk procedures. Elemental analysis was performed using (the EURO EA instrument). Thermolysis shows that the Tp ligand decomposes around 100oC and above 300oC for some complexes. The composites were simple to compose, yielded high yields, and were reasonably air sensitive. This study has examined the synthesis of a tris(pyrazolyl)borohydride ligand to develop an iron complex. Further studies conducting electrochemical tests should be carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of this likely redox mediator.","PeriodicalId":17253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the chemical society of pakistan","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70709501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.52568/001190/jcsp/45.01.2023
Ali Dad Chandio Ali Dad Chandio, Asif Ahmed Shaikh Asif Ahmed Shaikh, Iftikhar Ahmed Channa Iftikhar Ahmed Channa, Muhammad Shahzad Bacha Muhammad Shahzad Bacha, Jahanzeb Bhatti Jahanzeb Bhatti, Muhammad Yasir Khan and Shahid Bhutto Muhammad Yasir Khan and Shahid Bhutto
Graphene Oxide (GO) is one of the common members of the graphene family owing to its unprecedented and unique properties. These properties attract researchers to use GO in several potential applications such as a transparent electrode in light-emitting diodes (LED), biosensors and solar cells, etc. In this work, GO was produced through the oxidation of graphite by potassium permanganate using modified Hummer’s method and this was followed by ozone treatment. The crystallographic structure, chemical properties, surface morphologies, and optical properties of before and after treatment of GO were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV- visible spectroscopy. The FTIR observation confirmed the formation of GO from graphite flakes. XRD results showed peak at11.6˚ with a different interlayer spacing of 0.7nm and 0.8nm for GO and ozone-treated graphene oxide (O- GO) respectively. While for both GO and O- GO all the peaks were at the same position. Further, SEM micrographs of GO exhibited the multilayered graphene oxide with variable thickness. While the rough surface of O- GO suggests the reduction of GO particle size due to ozonation. Ultraviolet-visible spectra of GO at 223.2 nm was noted which is attributed to atomic C- C bonds but O- GO exhibited the peak shift at 232.7 nm thereby suggesting a higher surface area.
{"title":"Synthesis of Graphene Oxide (GO) by Modified Hummer’s Method with Improved Oxidation through Ozone Treatment","authors":"Ali Dad Chandio Ali Dad Chandio, Asif Ahmed Shaikh Asif Ahmed Shaikh, Iftikhar Ahmed Channa Iftikhar Ahmed Channa, Muhammad Shahzad Bacha Muhammad Shahzad Bacha, Jahanzeb Bhatti Jahanzeb Bhatti, Muhammad Yasir Khan and Shahid Bhutto Muhammad Yasir Khan and Shahid Bhutto","doi":"10.52568/001190/jcsp/45.01.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52568/001190/jcsp/45.01.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Graphene Oxide (GO) is one of the common members of the graphene family owing to its unprecedented and unique properties. These properties attract researchers to use GO in several potential applications such as a transparent electrode in light-emitting diodes (LED), biosensors and solar cells, etc. In this work, GO was produced through the oxidation of graphite by potassium permanganate using modified Hummer’s method and this was followed by ozone treatment. The crystallographic structure, chemical properties, surface morphologies, and optical properties of before and after treatment of GO were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV- visible spectroscopy. The FTIR observation confirmed the formation of GO from graphite flakes. XRD results showed peak at11.6˚ with a different interlayer spacing of 0.7nm and 0.8nm for GO and ozone-treated graphene oxide (O- GO) respectively. While for both GO and O- GO all the peaks were at the same position. Further, SEM micrographs of GO exhibited the multilayered graphene oxide with variable thickness. While the rough surface of O- GO suggests the reduction of GO particle size due to ozonation. Ultraviolet-visible spectra of GO at 223.2 nm was noted which is attributed to atomic C- C bonds but O- GO exhibited the peak shift at 232.7 nm thereby suggesting a higher surface area.","PeriodicalId":17253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the chemical society of pakistan","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70707999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Menthol is one of the key components of mint oil and it is a chemical component that is widely used in many sectors such as cosmetics, medicine, and food. Menthol can be made by synthesis or by various extraction and distillation methods. In this study, first, mint oil was obtained by microwave extraction and hydrodistillation from the mint that is an agricultural and industrial product cultivated in a wide geography in Turkey. Later, qualitative and quantitative analysis of this oil was executed and the differences in the chemical contents of the oils manufactured by different methods and the amount of menthol contained were compared. Lastly purification of the menthol from the oils was done. The dissimilarities in the chemical contents of the oils were compared with GC-MS analysis. The amount of menthol % obtained as a result of the studies was found as 31.65 by titration method and 29.58 by gradual crystallization. The melting point range of menthol separated from mint oil by gradual crystallization was found as 42.4 - 43.1oC as stated in the literature.
{"title":"Essential Oil Composition and Menthol Production of Mint Types Grown in Different Regions in Turkey","authors":"Cenk Subutay Cenk Subutay, zge Karavil zge Karavil, Metin Hasdemir Metin Hasdemir, Belma Hasdemir and Dilek zmen Belma Hasdemir and Dilek zmen","doi":"10.52568/001219/jcsp/45.02.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52568/001219/jcsp/45.02.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Menthol is one of the key components of mint oil and it is a chemical component that is widely used in many sectors such as cosmetics, medicine, and food. Menthol can be made by synthesis or by various extraction and distillation methods. In this study, first, mint oil was obtained by microwave extraction and hydrodistillation from the mint that is an agricultural and industrial product cultivated in a wide geography in Turkey. Later, qualitative and quantitative analysis of this oil was executed and the differences in the chemical contents of the oils manufactured by different methods and the amount of menthol contained were compared. Lastly purification of the menthol from the oils was done. The dissimilarities in the chemical contents of the oils were compared with GC-MS analysis. The amount of menthol % obtained as a result of the studies was found as 31.65 by titration method and 29.58 by gradual crystallization. The melting point range of menthol separated from mint oil by gradual crystallization was found as 42.4 - 43.1oC as stated in the literature.","PeriodicalId":17253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the chemical society of pakistan","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70708229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.52568/0012132/jcsp/45.02.2023
Hassan Adrees Hassan Adrees, Zahra Begum Zahra Begum, Haseen Ahmad Haseen Ahmad, Rifhat Bibi Rifhat Bibi, Sania Batool and Abbas Hassan Sania Batool and Abbas Hassan
Sulfide linkage plays an important role not only in synthetic chemistry but also has vast applications in drug discovery as a pharmacologically active moiety. Transition metal-catalyzed thiolation is a challenging task as sulfur has a high affinity to bind with transition metal catalysts resulting in catalyst poisoning. Catalyst poisoning results in the inhibition of the reactivity and utility of the reactions. In the current work, a simple and facile method is developed to carry out S-arylation using hetero-aryl thiols and substituted aryl iodides. The reaction conditions were optimized using varied combinations of transition metal catalysts and ligands. The different copper sources included CuCl, CuI, and Cu(OAc)2 different bidentate nitrogen-based ligands including bipyridine, di-tert-butylbipyridine, DMEDA, and sarcosine. The optimized condition consists of CuI as the catalyst and DMEDA as a ligand. The reaction was found to be optimum for a range of aryl iodides in the presence highly basic oxadiazole ring. The coupled products were isolated in excellent yields and show excellent functional group tolerance bearing -NO2, -Cl, -OCF3 groups.
{"title":"Copper-DMEDA Catalyzed Carbon-Sulfur Bond Formation for the Derivatization of 5-(3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol","authors":"Hassan Adrees Hassan Adrees, Zahra Begum Zahra Begum, Haseen Ahmad Haseen Ahmad, Rifhat Bibi Rifhat Bibi, Sania Batool and Abbas Hassan Sania Batool and Abbas Hassan","doi":"10.52568/0012132/jcsp/45.02.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52568/0012132/jcsp/45.02.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Sulfide linkage plays an important role not only in synthetic chemistry but also has vast applications in drug discovery as a pharmacologically active moiety. Transition metal-catalyzed thiolation is a challenging task as sulfur has a high affinity to bind with transition metal catalysts resulting in catalyst poisoning. Catalyst poisoning results in the inhibition of the reactivity and utility of the reactions. In the current work, a simple and facile method is developed to carry out S-arylation using hetero-aryl thiols and substituted aryl iodides. The reaction conditions were optimized using varied combinations of transition metal catalysts and ligands. The different copper sources included CuCl, CuI, and Cu(OAc)2 different bidentate nitrogen-based ligands including bipyridine, di-tert-butylbipyridine, DMEDA, and sarcosine. The optimized condition consists of CuI as the catalyst and DMEDA as a ligand. The reaction was found to be optimum for a range of aryl iodides in the presence highly basic oxadiazole ring. The coupled products were isolated in excellent yields and show excellent functional group tolerance bearing -NO2, -Cl, -OCF3 groups.","PeriodicalId":17253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the chemical society of pakistan","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70708384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.52568/0012112/jcsp/45.02.2023
Aliya Riaz Aliya Riaz, Isma Idrees Isma Idrees, Sana Ahmad Sana Ahmad, Ayesha Siddiquiand Shah Ali Ul Qader Ayesha Siddiquiand Shah Ali Ul Qader
Proteases are theprotein degrading commercial enzymes with considerable importance for many industrial applications such as paper, leather, food industries as well as used in detergent formulation, toxic waste removal, pharmaceutical and drilling for oil. The focus of the current study was to isolate the novel protease producing bacterial sp. from environment, to optimize the submerged fermentation parameters in order to design the best supportive media for maximum enzyme yield and to purify the enzyme to increase its utilization in various industries, most importantly the pharmaceutical industry.Five pure cultures were isolated from soil of coastal area, Karachi and the bacterial strain that was proved to be the most potent producer of protease was selected for research purposeand named as Bacillus sp AI-5 after series of morphological and biochemical tests. The fermentation conditions and media composition were optimized using the starter medium that was selected among the three previously reported media for protease production. It was found that protease production from Bacillus sp AI-5 reached to maximum when media was supplemented with 0.4 gm % casein as carbon source, the combination of 0.5 gm % yeast extract and 0.5 gm % peptone as nitrogen source and 0.05 gm CaCl₂ as inducer and stabilizer of proteases. The optimum pH and temperature for maximum production of protease were found to be pH 5 and 45 and#176;C respectively after 24 hours of incubation. The protease of the Bacillus sp. AI-5 was purified to homogeneity by salt fractionation method using 60 gm % ammonium sulfate, dialysis and Sephadex G-100 Gel filtration chromatography. The specific activity of purified protease was found to be 322.25 U/mg with 13.80 fold purification as compared to crude enzyme. The purified enzyme gave a single band on Sodiumdodecyl sulfate Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)corresponding to a molecular weight of 66 kDa.
{"title":"Enhanced Biosynthesis and Purification of Proteases from Bacillus sp. AI-5 by SmF: A Green Approach for Degradation of Peptide Bonds in Complex Proteins","authors":"Aliya Riaz Aliya Riaz, Isma Idrees Isma Idrees, Sana Ahmad Sana Ahmad, Ayesha Siddiquiand Shah Ali Ul Qader Ayesha Siddiquiand Shah Ali Ul Qader","doi":"10.52568/0012112/jcsp/45.02.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52568/0012112/jcsp/45.02.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Proteases are theprotein degrading commercial enzymes with considerable importance for many industrial applications such as paper, leather, food industries as well as used in detergent formulation, toxic waste removal, pharmaceutical and drilling for oil. The focus of the current study was to isolate the novel protease producing bacterial sp. from environment, to optimize the submerged fermentation parameters in order to design the best supportive media for maximum enzyme yield and to purify the enzyme to increase its utilization in various industries, most importantly the pharmaceutical industry.Five pure cultures were isolated from soil of coastal area, Karachi and the bacterial strain that was proved to be the most potent producer of protease was selected for research purposeand named as Bacillus sp AI-5 after series of morphological and biochemical tests. The fermentation conditions and media composition were optimized using the starter medium that was selected among the three previously reported media for protease production. It was found that protease production from Bacillus sp AI-5 reached to maximum when media was supplemented with 0.4 gm % casein as carbon source, the combination of 0.5 gm % yeast extract and 0.5 gm % peptone as nitrogen source and 0.05 gm CaCl₂ as inducer and stabilizer of proteases. The optimum pH and temperature for maximum production of protease were found to be pH 5 and 45 and#176;C respectively after 24 hours of incubation. The protease of the Bacillus sp. AI-5 was purified to homogeneity by salt fractionation method using 60 gm % ammonium sulfate, dialysis and Sephadex G-100 Gel filtration chromatography. The specific activity of purified protease was found to be 322.25 U/mg with 13.80 fold purification as compared to crude enzyme. The purified enzyme gave a single band on Sodiumdodecyl sulfate Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)corresponding to a molecular weight of 66 kDa.","PeriodicalId":17253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the chemical society of pakistan","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70708297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.52568/0012152/jcsp/45.02.2023
Xiangqing Yang and Yali Hang Xiangqing Yang and Yali Hang
A new type of β-cyclodextrin-modified hyperbranched carbosilane (β-CD@HBC) stationary phase was synthesized by combining hyperbranched carbosilane with the -OH group of β-cyclodextrin, and then the β-CD@HBC was used as astationary phase to fix it on the inner wall of capillary column, application in chiral drug separation. The chromatographic behaviour of the stationary phase was studied. The preliminary test results showed that the β-CD@HBC coated OT column has the ability to separate a variety of enantiomers, such as clenbuterol, ibuprofen, enrofloxacin, hlorpheniramine, isoproterenol hydrochloride, epinephrine, Phenylalanine, and Ketoprofen. The β-CD@HBC coated OT column has good repeatability and stability. The relative standard deviations (RSD) between runs, between days, and between columns were less than 1.5%, 1.86%, and 4.83%, respectively. This paper shows that hyperbranched polymers have great potential and advantages in the application of capillary electrochromatography for chiral separation.
{"title":"Enantiomeric Separation by Capillary Electro chromatography with a Novel β-cyclodextrin-hyperbranched Carbosilane–silica Polymer Coating","authors":"Xiangqing Yang and Yali Hang Xiangqing Yang and Yali Hang","doi":"10.52568/0012152/jcsp/45.02.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52568/0012152/jcsp/45.02.2023","url":null,"abstract":"A new type of β-cyclodextrin-modified hyperbranched carbosilane (β-CD@HBC) stationary phase was synthesized by combining hyperbranched carbosilane with the -OH group of β-cyclodextrin, and then the β-CD@HBC was used as astationary phase to fix it on the inner wall of capillary column, application in chiral drug separation. The chromatographic behaviour of the stationary phase was studied. The preliminary test results showed that the β-CD@HBC coated OT column has the ability to separate a variety of enantiomers, such as clenbuterol, ibuprofen, enrofloxacin, hlorpheniramine, isoproterenol hydrochloride, epinephrine, Phenylalanine, and Ketoprofen. The β-CD@HBC coated OT column has good repeatability and stability. The relative standard deviations (RSD) between runs, between days, and between columns were less than 1.5%, 1.86%, and 4.83%, respectively. This paper shows that hyperbranched polymers have great potential and advantages in the application of capillary electrochromatography for chiral separation.","PeriodicalId":17253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the chemical society of pakistan","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70708428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.52568/001216/jcsp/45.02.2023
Hani El Moll Hani El Moll, Khalaf M Alenezi Khalaf M Alenezi, Abdallah O Alshammari Abdallah O Alshammari, Ashanul Haque Ashanul Haque, Jamal Humaidi Raoudha Soury Jamal Humaidi Raoudha Soury, Eid M S Azzam Eid M S Azzam, Fahad Abdulaziz Fahad Abdulaziz, Salman Latif Salman Latif, Milan Vrane Milan Vrane
Despite the interesting structure of the generic thiacalix[4]arene containing four coordinating sulfur atoms bridging four phenolic units, there are only a few reported examples of thiacalixarene-based coordination complexes that are used as electrocatalysts. Herein, we report electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by a thiacalix[4]arene-based copper(II) complex (1). As expected, two reduction waves were appeared (-0.48 V and -1.30 V vs Ag/AgCl) for Cu2+/Cu+ and Cu+/Cu reduction couples. The HER by proton reduction occurs at -1.03 V with a shift of 0.27 V compared to the second peak potential at -1.30 V. The increase in the number of acetic acid equivalents, from 0 to 17.5 with a frequency of 2.5 eq, was accompanied by an increase in the peak current that reached a maximum value of 183 and#181;A for 15 equivalents of acetic acid.
尽管含有4个配位硫原子连接4个酚基单元的噻唑环芳烃具有有趣的结构，但仅报道了少数以噻唑环芳烃为基础的配位配合物用作电催化剂的例子。在此，我们报道了一种thiacalix[4]芳烃基铜(II)配合物(1)的电催化析氢反应(HER)。正如预期的那样，Cu2+/Cu+和Cu+/Cu还原对出现了两个还原波(-0.48 V和-1.30 V vs Ag/AgCl)。质子还原的HER发生在-1.03 V，与-1.30 V的第二峰电位相比，偏移了0.27 V。乙酸当量数从0增加到17.5，频率为2.5 eq，伴随着峰值电流的增加，峰值电流达到最大值183和#181;a为15乙酸当量。
{"title":"Electrochemical Study of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction using Coppe r(II) Thiacalix[4]arene-based Catalyst","authors":"Hani El Moll Hani El Moll, Khalaf M Alenezi Khalaf M Alenezi, Abdallah O Alshammari Abdallah O Alshammari, Ashanul Haque Ashanul Haque, Jamal Humaidi Raoudha Soury Jamal Humaidi Raoudha Soury, Eid M S Azzam Eid M S Azzam, Fahad Abdulaziz Fahad Abdulaziz, Salman Latif Salman Latif, Milan Vrane Milan Vrane","doi":"10.52568/001216/jcsp/45.02.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52568/001216/jcsp/45.02.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the interesting structure of the generic thiacalix[4]arene containing four coordinating sulfur atoms bridging four phenolic units, there are only a few reported examples of thiacalixarene-based coordination complexes that are used as electrocatalysts. Herein, we report electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by a thiacalix[4]arene-based copper(II) complex (1). As expected, two reduction waves were appeared (-0.48 V and -1.30 V vs Ag/AgCl) for Cu2+/Cu+ and Cu+/Cu reduction couples. The HER by proton reduction occurs at -1.03 V with a shift of 0.27 V compared to the second peak potential at -1.30 V. The increase in the number of acetic acid equivalents, from 0 to 17.5 with a frequency of 2.5 eq, was accompanied by an increase in the peak current that reached a maximum value of 183 and#181;A for 15 equivalents of acetic acid.","PeriodicalId":17253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the chemical society of pakistan","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70708486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.52568/001284/jcsp/45.04.2023
Waheed uz Zaman Waheed uz Zaman, Amara Dar Amara Dar, Jamil Anwar and Ayesha Munir Jamil Anwar and Ayesha Munir
The chemical degradation of Malachite Green dye has been studied by using UV/H2O2 system in presence of transition metal ions (Fe2+, Mn2+ and Ti2+). The degradation reaction was carried out by circulating the aqueous dye solution in a custom-made UV reactor with the help of a variable speed peristaltic pump. The effects of initial concentration of dye, concentration of Hydrogen peroxide, operating temperature, pH, Ultrasound vibrations and transition metal ions were investigated on the time required for complete degradation of the dye. It has been found that under optimum conditions the dye could be degraded in minimum possible time especially in presence of transition metals like iron. The intermediate products obtained during the degradation process were subjected to FTIR spectroscopy for structural analysis. The residue spectra did not show any band revealing the presence of any aromatic ring. To check the completion of the reaction the final residue was analyzed for total organic carbon (TOC). All such tests indicated that the dye has been completely degraded leaving no detectable residue
{"title":"Photocatalytic Degradation of Malachite Green Dye with UV/H2O2 System in presence of Transition Metal Ions","authors":"Waheed uz Zaman Waheed uz Zaman, Amara Dar Amara Dar, Jamil Anwar and Ayesha Munir Jamil Anwar and Ayesha Munir","doi":"10.52568/001284/jcsp/45.04.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52568/001284/jcsp/45.04.2023","url":null,"abstract":"The chemical degradation of Malachite Green dye has been studied by using UV/H2O2 system in presence of transition metal ions (Fe2+, Mn2+ and Ti2+). The degradation reaction was carried out by circulating the aqueous dye solution in a custom-made UV reactor with the help of a variable speed peristaltic pump. The effects of initial concentration of dye, concentration of Hydrogen peroxide, operating temperature, pH, Ultrasound vibrations and transition metal ions were investigated on the time required for complete degradation of the dye. It has been found that under optimum conditions the dye could be degraded in minimum possible time especially in presence of transition metals like iron. The intermediate products obtained during the degradation process were subjected to FTIR spectroscopy for structural analysis. The residue spectra did not show any band revealing the presence of any aromatic ring. To check the completion of the reaction the final residue was analyzed for total organic carbon (TOC). All such tests indicated that the dye has been completely degraded leaving no detectable residue","PeriodicalId":17253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the chemical society of pakistan","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70708934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.52568/001283/jcsp/45.04.2023
Mumtaz Hussain Mumtaz Hussain, Maheem Farid Maheem Farid, Sumbal Sumbal, Nabila Ali Nabila Ali, Savira Karam Savira Karam, and Muhammad Azam Khan and Muhammad Azam Khan
Tartrazine dye has a major role in food as well as in other industrial products, like cosmetics, personal care products, pharmaceutical products and many more, therefore it is the cause of many environmental pollutions particularly water pollution. Its removal from water bodies is almost impossible with traditional techniques, because of heterogeneity in its composition. This investigation was carried out to examine the photo-catalytic degradation of food dye tartrazine (E102) from its aqueous solution, using ZnO (zinc oxide) and mixed CuO-TiO2 (copper oxide-titanium dioxide) as photo-catalysts at room temperature. The influence of several parameters, such as pH of medium, time of irradiation, concentration of dye solution and amount of catalyst was investigated. Kinetic analysis was also carried out using Langmuir – Hinshelwood approach. Maximum Photo-Catalytic Degradation (PCD) of E102 was observed to be at pH 1. Similarly significant rise in the degradation of E102 was observed with the time of irradiation, concentration of dye solution and amount of catalyst. From the results obtained it was observed that ZnO and CuO-TiO2 are effective photo-catalysts for the removal of E102 from its aqueous solution. However ZnO was observed to be more effective than CuO-TiO2 in the degradation of E102 from aqueous solution.
{"title":"Removal of Food Dye Tartrazine (E102) from Aqueous Solution using ZnO and CuO-TiO2 as Photocatalysts","authors":"Mumtaz Hussain Mumtaz Hussain, Maheem Farid Maheem Farid, Sumbal Sumbal, Nabila Ali Nabila Ali, Savira Karam Savira Karam, and Muhammad Azam Khan and Muhammad Azam Khan","doi":"10.52568/001283/jcsp/45.04.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52568/001283/jcsp/45.04.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Tartrazine dye has a major role in food as well as in other industrial products, like cosmetics, personal care products, pharmaceutical products and many more, therefore it is the cause of many environmental pollutions particularly water pollution. Its removal from water bodies is almost impossible with traditional techniques, because of heterogeneity in its composition. This investigation was carried out to examine the photo-catalytic degradation of food dye tartrazine (E102) from its aqueous solution, using ZnO (zinc oxide) and mixed CuO-TiO2 (copper oxide-titanium dioxide) as photo-catalysts at room temperature. The influence of several parameters, such as pH of medium, time of irradiation, concentration of dye solution and amount of catalyst was investigated. Kinetic analysis was also carried out using Langmuir – Hinshelwood approach. Maximum Photo-Catalytic Degradation (PCD) of E102 was observed to be at pH 1. Similarly significant rise in the degradation of E102 was observed with the time of irradiation, concentration of dye solution and amount of catalyst. From the results obtained it was observed that ZnO and CuO-TiO2 are effective photo-catalysts for the removal of E102 from its aqueous solution. However ZnO was observed to be more effective than CuO-TiO2 in the degradation of E102 from aqueous solution.","PeriodicalId":17253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the chemical society of pakistan","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70709062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.52568/001280/jcsp/45.04.2023
Ahmet Harmankaya Ahmet Harmankaya, Nam k K l n Nam k K l n, Murat Beytur Murat Beytur, Yonca Y lmaz Yonca Y lmaz, Sevda Manap and Haydar Y ksek Sevda Manap and Haydar Y ksek
In the current study, 3-formyl phenyl benzenesulfonate is created by reacting 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde with benzene sulfonyl chloride, which is aided by triethylamine. Nine unique (Z)-3-[(3-substituted-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-iminomethyl] compounds were formed through the reaction of a manufactured 3-formyl phenyl benzenesulfonate chemical with nine 3-alkyl(aryl)-4-amino-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one, as detailed in the existing literature. Phenyl benzene sulfonate (S) compounds were purchased. Through the reaction of the Schiff bases that were made a secondary amine, such as morpholine with formaldehyde, heterocyclic Mannich bases of a unique kind were created. Five recently found (Z)-3-[(3-substituted-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-iminomethyl] compounds are presented in this work. By reacting phenyl benzene sulfonate (S) with morpholine in the presence of formaldehyde, five new (Z)-3-[(3-substituted-1-(morpholinomethyl)-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-iminomethyl] compounds were created. Chemical compounds fall under the category of phenylbenzene sulfonates (M). Utilizing IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy, fourteen recently novel compoundsand#39; chemical structures were examined. The ability of the freshly synthesized Schiff and morpholine-derived Mannich bases to obstruct the acetylcholinesterase enzymeand#39;s (AChE) activity was also assessed. The 1,2,4-triazole functional group was modified by adding various groups at the 1 and 3 positions, resulting in a collection of compounds (S1–9 and M1, 2, 4, 5, 7). It was determined whether these synthetic compounds could prevent the human recombinant AR enzyme from working in vitro, and the findings were validated using molecular docking, molecular mechanics, and ADME analyses. To better understand this mechanism, synthetic Schiff and Mannich base derivatives as well as the positive control substance quercetin were tested using molecular docking against the human recombinant AR enzyme in vitro. To assess the drug-like properties of Schiff and Mannich base analogs, a series of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties were analyzed theoretically.
{"title":"Synthesis, Spectroscopic Analysis, Biological Evaluation, and In Silico Studies of Novel Benzenesulfonate-Derived Schiff-Mannich Bases","authors":"Ahmet Harmankaya Ahmet Harmankaya, Nam k K l n Nam k K l n, Murat Beytur Murat Beytur, Yonca Y lmaz Yonca Y lmaz, Sevda Manap and Haydar Y ksek Sevda Manap and Haydar Y ksek","doi":"10.52568/001280/jcsp/45.04.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52568/001280/jcsp/45.04.2023","url":null,"abstract":"In the current study, 3-formyl phenyl benzenesulfonate is created by reacting 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde with benzene sulfonyl chloride, which is aided by triethylamine. Nine unique (Z)-3-[(3-substituted-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-iminomethyl] compounds were formed through the reaction of a manufactured 3-formyl phenyl benzenesulfonate chemical with nine 3-alkyl(aryl)-4-amino-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one, as detailed in the existing literature. Phenyl benzene sulfonate (S) compounds were purchased. Through the reaction of the Schiff bases that were made a secondary amine, such as morpholine with formaldehyde, heterocyclic Mannich bases of a unique kind were created. Five recently found (Z)-3-[(3-substituted-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-iminomethyl] compounds are presented in this work. By reacting phenyl benzene sulfonate (S) with morpholine in the presence of formaldehyde, five new (Z)-3-[(3-substituted-1-(morpholinomethyl)-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-iminomethyl] compounds were created. Chemical compounds fall under the category of phenylbenzene sulfonates (M). Utilizing IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy, fourteen recently novel compoundsand#39; chemical structures were examined. The ability of the freshly synthesized Schiff and morpholine-derived Mannich bases to obstruct the acetylcholinesterase enzymeand#39;s (AChE) activity was also assessed. The 1,2,4-triazole functional group was modified by adding various groups at the 1 and 3 positions, resulting in a collection of compounds (S1–9 and M1, 2, 4, 5, 7). It was determined whether these synthetic compounds could prevent the human recombinant AR enzyme from working in vitro, and the findings were validated using molecular docking, molecular mechanics, and ADME analyses. To better understand this mechanism, synthetic Schiff and Mannich base derivatives as well as the positive control substance quercetin were tested using molecular docking against the human recombinant AR enzyme in vitro. To assess the drug-like properties of Schiff and Mannich base analogs, a series of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties were analyzed theoretically.","PeriodicalId":17253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the chemical society of pakistan","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70708875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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