Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.52568/001128/jcsp/44.05.2022
Bin Song Bin Song, Tao Ke Tao Ke, Chutong Shi and Haibin Gu Chutong Shi and Haibin Gu
Conductive hydrogels have great application and development value in the field of functional materials including flexible wearable devices, electronic skin and health detectors. Herein, chitosan (CS) was firstly modified with 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde and 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzaldehyde, respectively, through the Schiff base reaction and NaBH3CN reduction, and the resulting products (CCS and PCS) with improved water solubility were then used as the cross-linking agents for polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to fabricate the corresponding CCS/PVA and PCS/PVA composite hydrogels through the freezing-thawing method. AlCl3 was further introduced into the two composite systems to give the hydrogels good conductivity. As flexible strain sensors, both CCS/PVA/AlCl3 and PCS/PVA/AlCl3 hydrogels could monitor human movements such as finger bending, wrist rotation, elbow bending, foot rotation and nodding. In addition, the conductive hydrogels can also respond regularly to small facial movements such as mouth opening-closing cycle and frowning. In general, the present CCS/PVA/AlCl3 and PCS/PVA/AlCl3 conductive hydrogels are expected to have good application prospect in smart wearable devices and other functional fields.
{"title":"Catechol/Pyrogallol-Modified Chitosan Composite Conductive Hydrogel as Strain Sensor for Human Movement Monitoring","authors":"Bin Song Bin Song, Tao Ke Tao Ke, Chutong Shi and Haibin Gu Chutong Shi and Haibin Gu","doi":"10.52568/001128/jcsp/44.05.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52568/001128/jcsp/44.05.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Conductive hydrogels have great application and development value in the field of functional materials including flexible wearable devices, electronic skin and health detectors. Herein, chitosan (CS) was firstly modified with 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde and 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzaldehyde, respectively, through the Schiff base reaction and NaBH3CN reduction, and the resulting products (CCS and PCS) with improved water solubility were then used as the cross-linking agents for polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to fabricate the corresponding CCS/PVA and PCS/PVA composite hydrogels through the freezing-thawing method. AlCl3 was further introduced into the two composite systems to give the hydrogels good conductivity. As flexible strain sensors, both CCS/PVA/AlCl3 and PCS/PVA/AlCl3 hydrogels could monitor human movements such as finger bending, wrist rotation, elbow bending, foot rotation and nodding. In addition, the conductive hydrogels can also respond regularly to small facial movements such as mouth opening-closing cycle and frowning. In general, the present CCS/PVA/AlCl3 and PCS/PVA/AlCl3 conductive hydrogels are expected to have good application prospect in smart wearable devices and other functional fields.","PeriodicalId":17253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the chemical society of pakistan","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70707873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.52568/000995/jcsp/44.02.2022
Usman Ghani Usman Ghani, Shah Hussain Shah Hussain, Noor ul Amin Noor ul Amin, Maria Imtiaz Maria Imtiaz, Shahid Ali Khan Shahid Ali Khan, Muhammad Naeem Muhammad Naeem
The dissemination of chloride and sulfate ions greatly affects the quality and strength of concrete obtained from cementitious materials. The current research is focused on the development of good quality geopolymer from calcined lateritic clay, sodium metasilicate, and aluminum hydroxide with optimum Si to Al ratio (by mass) and study of its resistance in aggressive environments of chloride and sulfate. Different geopolymer samples with Si to Al ratio of 3 to 1 were prepared and exposed in 8 wt.% sodium chloride and sodium sulfate solutions for 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days. The geopolymer sample with Si to Al ratio = 1.5 offers greater resistance in aggressive environments. The resistance of geopolymer remained better in sodium chloride solution than in sodium sulfate solution. The reduction of compressive strength of the geopolymer is 7% less in sodium chloride solution than in sodium sulphate solution. FTIR and XRD investigation proved that both chloride and sulfate do not affect the bonding and structural features of geopolymer however slight erosion of the surface morphology confirmed by SEM analysis. It can be concluded that an impure clay can be utilized to obtain a valuable product.
{"title":"Chloride and Sulfate Resistance of Calcined Lateritic Clay-Based Geopolymer","authors":"Usman Ghani Usman Ghani, Shah Hussain Shah Hussain, Noor ul Amin Noor ul Amin, Maria Imtiaz Maria Imtiaz, Shahid Ali Khan Shahid Ali Khan, Muhammad Naeem Muhammad Naeem","doi":"10.52568/000995/jcsp/44.02.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52568/000995/jcsp/44.02.2022","url":null,"abstract":"The dissemination of chloride and sulfate ions greatly affects the quality and strength of concrete obtained from cementitious materials. The current research is focused on the development of good quality geopolymer from calcined lateritic clay, sodium metasilicate, and aluminum hydroxide with optimum Si to Al ratio (by mass) and study of its resistance in aggressive environments of chloride and sulfate. Different geopolymer samples with Si to Al ratio of 3 to 1 were prepared and exposed in 8 wt.% sodium chloride and sodium sulfate solutions for 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days. The geopolymer sample with Si to Al ratio = 1.5 offers greater resistance in aggressive environments. The resistance of geopolymer remained better in sodium chloride solution than in sodium sulfate solution. The reduction of compressive strength of the geopolymer is 7% less in sodium chloride solution than in sodium sulphate solution. FTIR and XRD investigation proved that both chloride and sulfate do not affect the bonding and structural features of geopolymer however slight erosion of the surface morphology confirmed by SEM analysis. It can be concluded that an impure clay can be utilized to obtain a valuable product.","PeriodicalId":17253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the chemical society of pakistan","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70706717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.52568/001185/jcsp/44.06.2022
Khalida Akhtar Khalida Akhtar, Ghazala Irum and Muhammad Gul Ghazala Irum and Muhammad Gul
The surfactant or shape modifier used in the synthesis of monodispersed uniform fine particles affected the performance of the prepared powder in its applications. The present investigation is related to synthesizing colloidal uniform fine particles of nickel oxalate in novel morphologies under an optimized set of reaction conditions without using any surfactant or shape modifier. SEM results revealed that the reactant concentration significantly affected the characteristics of the precipitated solids, which ranged from gel to dispersion of discrete particles. Particles of uniform morphological features were obtained under an optimized set of experimental conditions, i.e., reactant concentration, temperature, aging time, etc. The molar ratio of the precursors affected the particle’s growth mechanism as the spherical morphology of the particles changed to a cubic shape by increasing nickel ion concentration in the recipe at 25 oC. The cubic morphology transformed into toffee shape bigger particles of a 0.5 axial ratio by increasing the reaction mediumand#39;s thermal energy. The synthesized particles were characterized by various physical techniques, which confirmed the product as the monodispersed pure NiC2O4.2H2O particles.
{"title":"Surfactant-Free Facile Synthesis of Nickel Oxalate Monodispersed Particles in Novel Morphologies","authors":"Khalida Akhtar Khalida Akhtar, Ghazala Irum and Muhammad Gul Ghazala Irum and Muhammad Gul","doi":"10.52568/001185/jcsp/44.06.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52568/001185/jcsp/44.06.2022","url":null,"abstract":"The surfactant or shape modifier used in the synthesis of monodispersed uniform fine particles affected the performance of the prepared powder in its applications. The present investigation is related to synthesizing colloidal uniform fine particles of nickel oxalate in novel morphologies under an optimized set of reaction conditions without using any surfactant or shape modifier. SEM results revealed that the reactant concentration significantly affected the characteristics of the precipitated solids, which ranged from gel to dispersion of discrete particles. Particles of uniform morphological features were obtained under an optimized set of experimental conditions, i.e., reactant concentration, temperature, aging time, etc. The molar ratio of the precursors affected the particle’s growth mechanism as the spherical morphology of the particles changed to a cubic shape by increasing nickel ion concentration in the recipe at 25 oC. The cubic morphology transformed into toffee shape bigger particles of a 0.5 axial ratio by increasing the reaction mediumand#39;s thermal energy. The synthesized particles were characterized by various physical techniques, which confirmed the product as the monodispersed pure NiC2O4.2H2O particles.","PeriodicalId":17253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the chemical society of pakistan","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70708052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.52568/000975/jcsp/44.01.2022
Mater H Mahnashi Mater H Mahnashi, Bandar A Alyami Bandar A Alyami, Yahya S Alqahtani Yahya S Alqahtani, Ali O Alqarni Ali O Alqarni, Muhammad Saeed Jan Muhammad Saeed Jan, Muhammad Ayaz Muhammad Ayaz, Farhat Ullah Farhat Ullah, Umer Rashid and Abdul Sadiq Umer Rashid and Abdul Sadiq
Sulfonamide or sulfa drug is a known term used in various classes of medicines. Due to the high efficiency of sulfonamide group in various drugs candidates, it is still used as a vital moiety for the drug syntheses by the medicinal chemists. In this research, we have brominated benzenesulfonamide to get N, N-dibromobenzenesulfonamide. Furthermore, we have checked the comparative activities of both the starting sulfonamide and the brominated product. The anticholinesterase activity was determined with Ellman’s assay. α-Glucosidase inhibitory potential was determined with chromogenic assay. DPPH and ABTS free radicals were used in antioxidant assay. Both benzene sulfonamide and its brominated product showed activities in various concentrations in the in-vitro assays. The acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase (AChE andamp; BChE) inhibitions of the brominated product were prominent, i.e., 63.98and#177;1.51% and 67.98and#177;0.07% at highest concentrations with IC50 192.89 and 120.52 and#181;g/ml respectively. The benzene sulfonamide exhibited 61.40and#177;0.21% and 63.06and#177;0.50% at highest concentrations with IC50 241.85 and 190.44 and#181;g/ml respectively. The activity of the positive control galantamine was75.72and#177;0.35% and 77.05and#177;0.13% with IC50 43.30 and 35.06 and#181;g/ml against AChE and BChE respectively. Similarly, in α-glucosidase assay, the brominated product showed excellent activity. Sulfonamide causing 74.62and#177;0.40% while brominated sulfonamide showed 78.61% enzyme inhibition at 1 milligram per milliliter showing IC50 47.70 and 122.40 microgram per milliliter respectively. The Acarbose standard drug exhibited 86.61and#177;0.43% activity with IC50 of 34.39 microgram per milliliter. In the ABTS and DPPH antioxidant assays, the synthesized dibromobenzenesulfonamide exhibited comparable results with sulfonamide i.e., 63.06and#177;0.50% and 67.37and#177;0.26% radicals scavenging at 1 milligram per milliliter having IC50 (and#181;g/ml) of 190.44 and 109.03 respectively. Binding poses were explored by the help of docking simulations. Binding affinity data confirmed the in vitro activity. Our results concluded that in anticholinesterase, α-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant the activity can be increased by bromination of benzene sulfonamide.
{"title":"Molecular Docking Supported Observed Changes in Anticholinesterase, Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitions upon the Bromination of Benzene Sulfonamide","authors":"Mater H Mahnashi Mater H Mahnashi, Bandar A Alyami Bandar A Alyami, Yahya S Alqahtani Yahya S Alqahtani, Ali O Alqarni Ali O Alqarni, Muhammad Saeed Jan Muhammad Saeed Jan, Muhammad Ayaz Muhammad Ayaz, Farhat Ullah Farhat Ullah, Umer Rashid and Abdul Sadiq Umer Rashid and Abdul Sadiq","doi":"10.52568/000975/jcsp/44.01.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52568/000975/jcsp/44.01.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Sulfonamide or sulfa drug is a known term used in various classes of medicines. Due to the high efficiency of sulfonamide group in various drugs candidates, it is still used as a vital moiety for the drug syntheses by the medicinal chemists. In this research, we have brominated benzenesulfonamide to get N, N-dibromobenzenesulfonamide. Furthermore, we have checked the comparative activities of both the starting sulfonamide and the brominated product. The anticholinesterase activity was determined with Ellman’s assay. α-Glucosidase inhibitory potential was determined with chromogenic assay. DPPH and ABTS free radicals were used in antioxidant assay. Both benzene sulfonamide and its brominated product showed activities in various concentrations in the in-vitro assays. The acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase (AChE andamp; BChE) inhibitions of the brominated product were prominent, i.e., 63.98and#177;1.51% and 67.98and#177;0.07% at highest concentrations with IC50 192.89 and 120.52 and#181;g/ml respectively. The benzene sulfonamide exhibited 61.40and#177;0.21% and 63.06and#177;0.50% at highest concentrations with IC50 241.85 and 190.44 and#181;g/ml respectively. The activity of the positive control galantamine was75.72and#177;0.35% and 77.05and#177;0.13% with IC50 43.30 and 35.06 and#181;g/ml against AChE and BChE respectively. Similarly, in α-glucosidase assay, the brominated product showed excellent activity. Sulfonamide causing 74.62and#177;0.40% while brominated sulfonamide showed 78.61% enzyme inhibition at 1 milligram per milliliter showing IC50 47.70 and 122.40 microgram per milliliter respectively. The Acarbose standard drug exhibited 86.61and#177;0.43% activity with IC50 of 34.39 microgram per milliliter. In the ABTS and DPPH antioxidant assays, the synthesized dibromobenzenesulfonamide exhibited comparable results with sulfonamide i.e., 63.06and#177;0.50% and 67.37and#177;0.26% radicals scavenging at 1 milligram per milliliter having IC50 (and#181;g/ml) of 190.44 and 109.03 respectively. Binding poses were explored by the help of docking simulations. Binding affinity data confirmed the in vitro activity. Our results concluded that in anticholinesterase, α-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant the activity can be increased by bromination of benzene sulfonamide.","PeriodicalId":17253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the chemical society of pakistan","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70706439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.52568/001069/jcsp/44.04.2022
Raiedhah Alsaiari Raiedhah Alsaiari, Moustafa A Rizk Moustafa A Rizk, Esraa Musa Esraa Musa, Huda Alqahtani Huda Alqahtani, Fatima Alqadri Fatima Alqadri, Mervat Mohamed Mervat Mohamed, Mabkhoot Alsaiari Mabkhoot Alsaiari, Ali Alkorbi Ali Alkorbi, Iman Shedaiwa Iman Shedaiwa, Faeza Alkorbi Faeza Alkorbi
The investigation comprised an evaluation of the use of the catalyst, 1%Ru/TiO2, to oxidize Phenylmethanol into benzenecarbaldehyde. nitrogen adsorption isotherms and transmittance electron microscope (TEM) were deployed to delineate the properties of the supported catalysts. The findings indicated a superior catalytic performance from 1%Ru/TiO2 prepared using sol-immobilization method. No reaction was taken place with blank reaction or with undoped support. This was deemed to be a consequence of the dispersion and loading of Ru on the TiO2.The reaction conditions, i.e., temperature, reaction time, nature of catalyst and activating quantity, were optimized to achieve superior reaction parameters. This process gave rise to a benzyl alcohol transformation rate of up to 10%; and selectivity of benzaldehyde was 98%.
{"title":"Supported Ruthenium Catalysts for Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol under Solvent Free Conditions","authors":"Raiedhah Alsaiari Raiedhah Alsaiari, Moustafa A Rizk Moustafa A Rizk, Esraa Musa Esraa Musa, Huda Alqahtani Huda Alqahtani, Fatima Alqadri Fatima Alqadri, Mervat Mohamed Mervat Mohamed, Mabkhoot Alsaiari Mabkhoot Alsaiari, Ali Alkorbi Ali Alkorbi, Iman Shedaiwa Iman Shedaiwa, Faeza Alkorbi Faeza Alkorbi","doi":"10.52568/001069/jcsp/44.04.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52568/001069/jcsp/44.04.2022","url":null,"abstract":"The investigation comprised an evaluation of the use of the catalyst, 1%Ru/TiO2, to oxidize Phenylmethanol into benzenecarbaldehyde. nitrogen adsorption isotherms and transmittance electron microscope (TEM) were deployed to delineate the properties of the supported catalysts. The findings indicated a superior catalytic performance from 1%Ru/TiO2 prepared using sol-immobilization method. No reaction was taken place with blank reaction or with undoped support. This was deemed to be a consequence of the dispersion and loading of Ru on the TiO2.The reaction conditions, i.e., temperature, reaction time, nature of catalyst and activating quantity, were optimized to achieve superior reaction parameters. This process gave rise to a benzyl alcohol transformation rate of up to 10%; and selectivity of benzaldehyde was 98%.","PeriodicalId":17253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the chemical society of pakistan","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70706618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.52568/000999/jcsp/44.02.2022
Fatima A. Al-Qadri Fatima A. Al-Qadri, Raiedhah Alsaiari Raiedhah Alsaiari, Mabkhoot Alsaiari Mabkhoot Alsaiari, Iman M. Shedaiwa Iman M. Shedaiwa, Mervate M. M. Mervate M. M., Esraa M. Musa Esraa M. Musa
Almarei milk is produced in Saudi Arabia from aqueous solutions; this study investigates its adsorption behavior pertaining to three types of anthocyanin pigments that are used as natural food colorants and adsorbents. The three anthocyanin pigments were extracted from red cabbage (RC), grape peel (GP), and pomegranate peel (PP). The initial dye concentrations were 10–50 mg/L and temperature of the solution was 35 °C. For an equilibrium isotherms and kinetic data wereevaluated using the adsorption isotherms models such as Freundlich and Langmuir models. Theresults which were recorded show that the best adsorption model fit with the experimental data wasLangmuir model in contrast with the Freundlich model. Also more suitable adsorption kineticsmodel was pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion models than the first-order reactions. An exothermic nature was found form the results of thermodynamic adsorption for each of thermodynamic parameters like entropy (S◦), (H◦) enthalpy, and free energy (G◦).
{"title":"The Adsorption of Full-Fat Almarei Milk Solution Produced in Saudi Arabia on the Surface of Flavylium Cations of Anthocyanins from Grape Peel","authors":"Fatima A. Al-Qadri Fatima A. Al-Qadri, Raiedhah Alsaiari Raiedhah Alsaiari, Mabkhoot Alsaiari Mabkhoot Alsaiari, Iman M. Shedaiwa Iman M. Shedaiwa, Mervate M. M. Mervate M. M., Esraa M. Musa Esraa M. Musa","doi":"10.52568/000999/jcsp/44.02.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52568/000999/jcsp/44.02.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Almarei milk is produced in Saudi Arabia from aqueous solutions; this study investigates its adsorption behavior pertaining to three types of anthocyanin pigments that are used as natural food colorants and adsorbents. The three anthocyanin pigments were extracted from red cabbage (RC), grape peel (GP), and pomegranate peel (PP). The initial dye concentrations were 10–50 mg/L and temperature of the solution was 35 °C. For an equilibrium isotherms and kinetic data wereevaluated using the adsorption isotherms models such as Freundlich and Langmuir models. Theresults which were recorded show that the best adsorption model fit with the experimental data wasLangmuir model in contrast with the Freundlich model. Also more suitable adsorption kineticsmodel was pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion models than the first-order reactions. An exothermic nature was found form the results of thermodynamic adsorption for each of thermodynamic parameters like entropy (S◦), (H◦) enthalpy, and free energy (G◦).","PeriodicalId":17253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the chemical society of pakistan","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70706729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.52568/001005/jcsp/44.02.2022
N. P. N Pirzada, G. B. N. G B Narejo, S. U. A. S. A. T. A. K. Q. S U A Shah and T A K Qasuria
The newly emerging perovskite solar cells (PSCs) embody excellent properties that are making them an attractive in photovoltaic (PV) technology. However, some shortcomings are impeding their commercial success. These include stability, efficiency, shelf life and operational life time. In this study, we attempted to overcome these shortcomings by exploring the fabrication by a modified spin coating approach where the dispensing of anti-solvent was optimized. Using Methyl Ammonium Formamidinium Lead Iodide as light harvester, several PSC devices were fabricated. For comparison, similar devices were also synthesized using a commonly used standard procedure. The devices were characterized for their I-V and P-V response using full sun solar simulator. Our results revealed that the fabrication approach based on optimized dispensing of anti-solvent resulted in considerable improvements in the efficiency with low production cost. In future, the approach can be adopted to overcome some of the problems associated with the current PSCs fabrication approaches.
{"title":"A Novel Fabrication Approach for Improving the Efficiency of FAPbI3 Based Perovskite Solar Cells","authors":"N. P. N Pirzada, G. B. N. G B Narejo, S. U. A. S. A. T. A. K. Q. S U A Shah and T A K Qasuria","doi":"10.52568/001005/jcsp/44.02.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52568/001005/jcsp/44.02.2022","url":null,"abstract":"The newly emerging perovskite solar cells (PSCs) embody excellent properties that are making them an attractive in photovoltaic (PV) technology. However, some shortcomings are impeding their commercial success. These include stability, efficiency, shelf life and operational life time. In this study, we attempted to overcome these shortcomings by exploring the fabrication by a modified spin coating approach where the dispensing of anti-solvent was optimized. Using Methyl Ammonium Formamidinium Lead Iodide as light harvester, several PSC devices were fabricated. For comparison, similar devices were also synthesized using a commonly used standard procedure. The devices were characterized for their I-V and P-V response using full sun solar simulator. Our results revealed that the fabrication approach based on optimized dispensing of anti-solvent resulted in considerable improvements in the efficiency with low production cost. In future, the approach can be adopted to overcome some of the problems associated with the current PSCs fabrication approaches.","PeriodicalId":17253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the chemical society of pakistan","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70706975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.52568/001076/jcsp/44.04.2022
dil Karaca A ar dil Karaca A ar
Acrylamide-based hydrogels exhibit significant volume migration in response to physical and chemical stimuli. These properties make their use as drug delivery systems widespread. In the study, acrylamide-based hydrogel structures were synthesized to be used as two prodrugs known as L-Dopa and L-Tyrosine carrier and release system. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron micrography (SEM), Image J program were used to evaluate the structure-property relationship of the synthesized hydrogels and swelling studies were performed. The maximum swelling capacity of the synthesized hydrogel structures was determined as 973.80and#177;12.25 %. The L-Dopa loading on the hydrogel was 69.51and#177;9.64% and the L-Tyrosine loading was 61.37and#177;5.08%. The release behavior of the drugs loaded on the hydrogel was monitored using a UV-vis spectrophotometer at pH 7.4 and λmax 280 nm. Accordingly, it was observed experimentally that 84.21and#177;1.71% of L-Dopa and 75.98and#177;2.69% of L-Tyrosine were released. The study is an alternative release system with the simultaneous release of L-Dopa molecule, which is especially used in the treatment of Parkinsonand#39;s disease, and L-Tyrosine, which plays an important role in the synthesis of L-Dopa.
{"title":"Investigation of Acrylamide Based Hydrogels as L-Dopa and L-Tyrosine Drug Release System","authors":"dil Karaca A ar dil Karaca A ar","doi":"10.52568/001076/jcsp/44.04.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52568/001076/jcsp/44.04.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Acrylamide-based hydrogels exhibit significant volume migration in response to physical and chemical stimuli. These properties make their use as drug delivery systems widespread. In the study, acrylamide-based hydrogel structures were synthesized to be used as two prodrugs known as L-Dopa and L-Tyrosine carrier and release system. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron micrography (SEM), Image J program were used to evaluate the structure-property relationship of the synthesized hydrogels and swelling studies were performed. The maximum swelling capacity of the synthesized hydrogel structures was determined as 973.80and#177;12.25 %. The L-Dopa loading on the hydrogel was 69.51and#177;9.64% and the L-Tyrosine loading was 61.37and#177;5.08%. The release behavior of the drugs loaded on the hydrogel was monitored using a UV-vis spectrophotometer at pH 7.4 and λmax 280 nm. Accordingly, it was observed experimentally that 84.21and#177;1.71% of L-Dopa and 75.98and#177;2.69% of L-Tyrosine were released. The study is an alternative release system with the simultaneous release of L-Dopa molecule, which is especially used in the treatment of Parkinsonand#39;s disease, and L-Tyrosine, which plays an important role in the synthesis of L-Dopa.","PeriodicalId":17253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the chemical society of pakistan","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70707338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.52568/001181/jcsp/44.06.2022
Farzana Bashir Farzana Bashir, Yumna Sadef Yumna Sadef, Iqra Nadeem Iqra Nadeem, Romana Shahzadi Romana Shahzadi, Rubina Nelofer and Muhammad Tariq Rubina Nelofer and Muhammad Tariq
In this study. a locally isolated strain of Bacillus thuringiensis that has insecticidal activity against dengue vector (larvae of Aedes aegypti), was cultivated. Different carbon and nitrogen sources were screened for enhanced bacterial growth. The factors affecting Bacillus thuringiensis’s biomass production like concentration of carbon, nitrogen, pH and temperature were optimized by one parameter at a time technique. The optimal levels of the selected parameters were also obtained by using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Peptone and molasses were selected as the best nitrogen and carbon sources respectively. The optimal levels obtained for nitrogen, carbon, pH and temperature by using the one parameter at a time technique were 1%, 0.25%, 8, and 37 ℃ respectively with 0.53 mg/mL biomass production. The ANN predicted levels were 1% for nitrogen, 0.25% for carbon, 9 pH and 31 ℃ for temperature with the predicted value of biomass being 0.85 mg/ml. The biomass produced at predicted optimum levels of variables was 0.82 mg/ml, very close to the predicted value of 0.85 mg/ml.
{"title":"Application of Artificial Neural Network Technique for the Production of Biotoxin","authors":"Farzana Bashir Farzana Bashir, Yumna Sadef Yumna Sadef, Iqra Nadeem Iqra Nadeem, Romana Shahzadi Romana Shahzadi, Rubina Nelofer and Muhammad Tariq Rubina Nelofer and Muhammad Tariq","doi":"10.52568/001181/jcsp/44.06.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52568/001181/jcsp/44.06.2022","url":null,"abstract":"In this study. a locally isolated strain of Bacillus thuringiensis that has insecticidal activity against dengue vector (larvae of Aedes aegypti), was cultivated. Different carbon and nitrogen sources were screened for enhanced bacterial growth. The factors affecting Bacillus thuringiensis’s biomass production like concentration of carbon, nitrogen, pH and temperature were optimized by one parameter at a time technique. The optimal levels of the selected parameters were also obtained by using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Peptone and molasses were selected as the best nitrogen and carbon sources respectively. The optimal levels obtained for nitrogen, carbon, pH and temperature by using the one parameter at a time technique were 1%, 0.25%, 8, and 37 ℃ respectively with 0.53 mg/mL biomass production. The ANN predicted levels were 1% for nitrogen, 0.25% for carbon, 9 pH and 31 ℃ for temperature with the predicted value of biomass being 0.85 mg/ml. The biomass produced at predicted optimum levels of variables was 0.82 mg/ml, very close to the predicted value of 0.85 mg/ml.","PeriodicalId":17253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the chemical society of pakistan","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70707985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.52568/001180/jcsp/44.06.2022
Xuemei Yang and Xiaohua Wang Xuemei Yang and Xiaohua Wang
Based on the previous coordination catalysis theory, the active site on the surface of transition metal oxides can activate the CO2 molecule. Ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) rutile TiO2 nanosheet with (110) crystal face as the main exposed surface has many active sites of Ti3+ and O vacancy, which have some synergistic effects to greatly reduce the dissociation energy of CO2. Following previous assumptions, four possible reduction processes of CO2 on rutile TiO2 (110) surface were systematically assessed by density functional theory (DFT) simulations. The reduction reactions of CO2 along I faces difficultly in proceeding due to the relatively weak interaction between CO2 and the active surface. Additionally, along III, the adsorption configuration of CO2 in the pristine state has huge distinctions with the model that suggests that the defined route is unlikely to occur on the rutile TiO2 (110) surface. However, through carefully comparing the energy differences as well as transition state searching, the reduction reaction along II has a high probability of finishing and finally generating HCOOH on the surface owing to the minimal energy differences and low activation barrier. Furthermore, the reduction reaction of CO2 to CH4 guided along IV is predicted to more easily take place with the assistance of O vacancy on the active surface. The synergistic action among Ti3+ site, O vacancy, and H+ can aid in fixing molecular CO2 by breaking the strong bond of C=O in CO2 and generating different fuels via coordination activation. This work will not only provide strong theoretical support to previous assumptions but can also lighten the routes to explore more active catalysis towards the reduction of CO2.
{"title":"Reduction Reactions of CO2 on Rutile TiO2 (110) Nanosheet via Coordination Activation","authors":"Xuemei Yang and Xiaohua Wang Xuemei Yang and Xiaohua Wang","doi":"10.52568/001180/jcsp/44.06.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52568/001180/jcsp/44.06.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the previous coordination catalysis theory, the active site on the surface of transition metal oxides can activate the CO2 molecule. Ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) rutile TiO2 nanosheet with (110) crystal face as the main exposed surface has many active sites of Ti3+ and O vacancy, which have some synergistic effects to greatly reduce the dissociation energy of CO2. Following previous assumptions, four possible reduction processes of CO2 on rutile TiO2 (110) surface were systematically assessed by density functional theory (DFT) simulations. The reduction reactions of CO2 along I faces difficultly in proceeding due to the relatively weak interaction between CO2 and the active surface. Additionally, along III, the adsorption configuration of CO2 in the pristine state has huge distinctions with the model that suggests that the defined route is unlikely to occur on the rutile TiO2 (110) surface. However, through carefully comparing the energy differences as well as transition state searching, the reduction reaction along II has a high probability of finishing and finally generating HCOOH on the surface owing to the minimal energy differences and low activation barrier. Furthermore, the reduction reaction of CO2 to CH4 guided along IV is predicted to more easily take place with the assistance of O vacancy on the active surface. The synergistic action among Ti3+ site, O vacancy, and H+ can aid in fixing molecular CO2 by breaking the strong bond of C=O in CO2 and generating different fuels via coordination activation. This work will not only provide strong theoretical support to previous assumptions but can also lighten the routes to explore more active catalysis towards the reduction of CO2.","PeriodicalId":17253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the chemical society of pakistan","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70708034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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