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Constituents of enzymatically modified isoquercitrin and enzymatically modified rutin (extract). 酶修饰异槲皮苷和酶修饰芦丁(提取物)的成分。
Pub Date : 2000-02-25 DOI: 10.3358/SHOKUEISHI.41.54
T. Akiyama, T. Washino, Takashi Yamada, T. Koda, T. Maitani
Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin and enzymatically modified rutin (extract) were analyzed to determine the structures and contents of their constituents. NMR analysis revealed that the 4-hydroxyl group of glucose was glucosylated in the manufacture of enzymatically modified isoquercitrin. LC/MS analysis established that enzymatically modified isoquercitrin consists of isoquercitrin and its α-glucosylated derivatives with 1-7 additional glucose moieties. Similarly, one sample of enzymatically modified rutin (extract) was shown to consist of rutin and its α-glucosylated derivatives. Rutin derivatives with up to 32 additional glucose moieties were detected. A different sample of enzymatically modified rutin (extract) consisted of rutin, its derivative with one additional glucose and isoquercitrin. It was suggested that two additional enzymes, as well as cyclodextrin glucanotransferase, play roles in the manufacture of this product. HPLC was employed to evaluate the contents of quercetin glycosides, which should determine solubility and antioxidative activity, in the three samples.
对酶修饰异槲皮苷和酶修饰芦丁(提取物)进行了结构分析和含量测定。核磁共振分析表明,在酶修饰异槲皮苷的制备过程中,葡萄糖的4-羟基被糖基化。LC/MS分析表明,酶修饰的异槲皮素由异槲皮素及其α-糖基化衍生物加1-7个额外的葡萄糖基团组成。同样,一个酶修饰的芦丁(提取物)样品被证明是由芦丁及其α-糖基化衍生物组成的。芦丁衍生物含有多达32个额外的葡萄糖片段。另一种酶修饰的芦丁(提取物)样品由芦丁及其衍生物与一个额外的葡萄糖和异槲皮苷组成。结果表明,另外两种酶以及环糊精葡聚糖转移酶在该产品的生产中起作用。采用高效液相色谱法测定槲皮素苷的含量,测定其溶解度和抗氧化活性。
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引用次数: 52
Determination of Cadmium in Rice by Microwave Digestion and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry 微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定大米中的镉
Pub Date : 2000-02-25 DOI: 10.3358/SHOKUEISHI.41.66
Eiko Amakawa, Tsutomu Ogiwara, N. Ohhashi, K. Kamata, Sukeji Suzuki
An analytical method for cadmium (Cd) in rice by microwave digestion and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was developed. A sample of 0.50g was predigested overnight in 7mL of nitric acid. The mixture was treated with 2mL of hydrogen peroxide solution and immediately exposed to microwave irradiation. The digested solution was evaporated to just before dryness on a hotplate and then made up to 10mL with 0.2% nitric acid. Cd in the sample solution was determined by graphite furnace AAS using a calibration method. 0.5% ammonium dihydrogen phosphate/0.2% nitric acid and 2% ascorbic acid were used as matrix modifiers. Recoveries of Cd added to rice were 97-108%, the CV was 1.6-6.3% and the detection limit was 5ng/g. Cd was detected at 28-96ng/g in polished rice, 18-226ng/g in brown rice and 7-49ng/g in cooked rices.
建立了微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定大米中镉的方法。0.50g的样品在7mL硝酸中预消化过夜。将混合物用2mL双氧水溶液处理后,立即微波照射。将消化后的溶液在热板上蒸发到干燥前,然后用0.2%的硝酸配制成10mL。采用标定法,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定样品溶液中的镉。采用0.5%磷酸二氢铵/0.2%硝酸和2%抗坏血酸作为基体改性剂。加样回收率为97 ~ 108%,CV为1.6 ~ 6.3%,检出限为5ng/g。精米镉含量为28-96ng/g,糙米镉含量为18-226ng/g,熟米镉含量为7-49ng/g。
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引用次数: 1
Rapid Analysis of Maleic Hydrazide in Vegetables and Fruits Using Capillary Electrophoresis 毛细管电泳快速分析蔬菜和水果中马来酰肼的含量
Pub Date : 2000-02-25 DOI: 10.3358/SHOKUEISHI.41.74
Ritsuko Cho
A rapid analytical method was developed for determination of maleic hydrazide in agricultural products by using capillary electrophoresis (CE). A sample was homogenized and extracted with water. The extract was purified with Sep-Pak C18 and evaporated. The residue was dissolved in water and filtered through a 0.20μm membrane filter. The sample solution thus prepared was subjected to CE using 0.02mol/L borate buffer pH 10.0-glycerine (95:5) as the running buffer. Detection was achieved with a UV detector set at 330nm.The recoveries of maleic hydrazide from 8 kinds of vegetables and fruits spiked at the levels of 2ppm and 20ppm were 76.7-104.3% and 92.4-103.2%, respectively. The detection limit of maleic hydrazide was 1ppm. This method was not applicable to citrus fruits except for satsuma mandarins.
建立了毛细管电泳快速测定农产品中马来酰肼的方法。样品均质后用水提取。提取液经Sep-Pak C18纯化后蒸发。将残留物溶于水中,用0.20μm膜过滤器过滤。制备的样品溶液以0.02mol/L硼酸盐缓冲液pH 10.0-甘油(95:5)作为运行缓冲液进行CE检测。使用设置为330nm的紫外检测器进行检测。在2ppm和20ppm加标条件下,8种蔬菜水果中马来酰肼的加标回收率分别为76.7-104.3%和92.4-103.2%。马来酰肼的检出限为1ppm。除柑橘外,该方法不适用于柑橘类水果。
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引用次数: 5
Allergenicity of Fish Meat Paste Products and Surimi from Walleye Pollack 明太鱼肉酱制品及鱼糜的致敏性
Pub Date : 2000-02-25 DOI: 10.3358/SHOKUEISHI.41.38
Y. Hamada, Erina Genka, M. Ohira, Y. Nagashima, K. Shiomi
Six kinds of fish meat paste products (kamaboko, tubular kamaboko called chikuwa, boiled kamaboko called hampen, square shaped fried kamaboko called satsuma-age, fish ball called tsumire and fish sausage) and surimi from walleye pollack were evaluated for allergenicity by ELISA using sera from two fish-sensitive patients, patient 1 recognizing parvalbumin as an allergen and patient 2 recognizing a higher-molecular-weight substance (referred to as unidentified allergen). Patient 1 serum was positive only to the extract from fish ball, which contained a large amount of unwashed sardine meat. Furthermore, parvalbumin was detected only in fish ball by both ELISA using a monoclonal antibody against carp parvalbumin and SDS-PAGE. These results suggested that fish meat paste products made of surimi from walleye pollack and/or fully washed fish meat can be served as hypoallergenic foods to fish-sensitive patients recognizing parvalbumin, since parvalbumin in fish meat can be mostly removed by washing. On the other hand, patient 2 serum reacted to all the extracts from fish meat paste products and surimi. When myofibrillar protein and myostromal protein franctions prepared from surimi were subjected to ELISA with patient 2 serum, the unidentified allergen was found in the latter fraction. SDS-PAGE, immuno-blot and amino acid analysis demonstrated that the unidentified allergen in the myostromal protein fraction is collagen.
采用ELISA法对6种鱼肉酱产品(鱼肉丸、管状鱼肉丸、水煮鱼肉丸、方形炒鱼肉丸、tsumire鱼丸和鱼肠)和明目鱼鱼糜进行致敏性评价,患者1鉴定为小白蛋白过敏原,患者2鉴定为高分子量物质(不明过敏原)。患者1的血清仅对鱼丸提取物呈阳性,鱼丸中含有大量未清洗的沙丁鱼肉。此外,ELISA和SDS-PAGE均能检测到鱼丸中的小白蛋白。这些结果表明,由于鱼肉中的细小蛋白大部分可以通过洗涤去除,因此用明目鱼和(或)完全洗净的鱼肉制成的鱼肉酱制品可以作为识别出细小蛋白的鱼敏感患者的低过敏性食品。另一方面,患者2的血清对鱼肉酱产品和鱼糜的所有提取物都有反应。将鱼糜制备的肌原蛋白和肌间质蛋白片段与患者2血清进行ELISA检测,发现后者片段中存在不明过敏原。SDS-PAGE、免疫印迹和氨基酸分析表明,肌间质蛋白部分中未知的过敏原是胶原蛋白。
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引用次数: 10
Determination of kojic acid in various commercial foods by HPLC. 高效液相色谱法测定各种商品食品中的曲酸。
Pub Date : 2000-02-25 DOI: 10.3358/SHOKUEISHI.41.70
K. Kimura, M. Hirokado, K. Yasuda, M. Nishijima
A simple method for the determination of kojic acid in various commercial foods by HPLC was developed. The kojic acid was extracted from the various commercial foods with 50% methanol solution. The extract was centrifuged, then the supernatant fluid was filtered through a 0.45 im membrane filter. The HPLC separation was performed on an RP-18 column with 0. 1 mol/L sodium dihydrogenphosphate-methanol (97 : 3) as the mobile phase. The recoveries of kojic acid spiked into foods at the level of 0. 10 g/kg were 7396%, and the detection limit was 0. 005 g/kg. The proposed method was applied to the determination of kojic acid in 92 commercial foods. Kojic acid was detected in 1 sample of crab and 2 samples of beverages at the levels of 0. 03 g/kg, 0. 20 g/kg and 0. 03 g/kg, respectively. The identity of kojic acid in these foods was confirmed using a photodiode-array detector. (Received August 9, 1999)
建立了高效液相色谱法测定各种商品食品中曲酸的简便方法。用50%甲醇溶液从各种商品食品中提取曲酸。提取液离心,上清液经0.45 im膜过滤器过滤。HPLC柱为RP-18,色谱柱为0。1 mol/L磷酸二氢钠-甲醇(97∶3)为流动相。在食品中添加0。10 g/kg为7396%,检出限为0。005克/公斤。将该方法应用于92种商品食品中曲酸的测定。在1份螃蟹和2份饮料样品中检出曲酸含量为0。03 g/kg, 0。20 g/kg和0。分别为03 g/kg。利用光电二极管阵列检测器确认了这些食品中的曲酸。(1999年8月9日收)
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引用次数: 16
Estimation of BHA, BHT, propylene glycol, and sodium saccharin concentrations in foods and their daily intake based on official inspection results in Japan in fiscal year 1996. 基于日本1996财政年度官方检测结果的食品中BHA、BHT、丙二醇和糖精钠浓度及其每日摄入量的估算。
Pub Date : 2000-02-25 DOI: 10.3358/SHOKUEISHI.41.86
H. Ishiwata, Ayako Fukushima, Yukiko Abe, Takashi Yamada, M. Nishijima, Y. Fukasawa
The mean concentrations and daily intakes of BHA, BHT, propylene glycol, and sodium saccharin were estimated based on an analysis of 28, 428 samples of food (2, 856 samples for BHA, 2, 835 for BHT, 2, 832 for propylene glycol, and 19, 905 for sodium saccharin) obtained in official inspections by Japanese local governments in fiscal year 1996. The mean concentration of BHA was 3.9% of the allowable limit, and those of BHT, propylene glycol, and sodium saccharin were 0.7%, 16.8%, and 5.7%, respectively. Daily intakes of these food additives per person, estimated from the concentrations and daily consumption of the foods, were 0.105, 0.220, 41.4, and 7.64mg, respectively. These amounts of BHA, BHT, propylene glycol, and sodium saccharin were 0.4%, 1.5%, 3.3%, and 3.1% of the acceptable daily intakes (ADIs), respectively, when body weight was taken to be 50kg. These results were similar to those based on the results of the official inspection in fiscal year 1994.
1996财政年度,日本地方政府对28,428份食品样本(BHA 2,856份,BHT 2,835份,丙二醇2,832份,糖精钠19,905份)进行了官方检查,根据分析得出了BHA, BHT,丙二醇和糖精钠的平均浓度和每日摄入量。BHA的平均浓度为允许限量的3.9%,BHT、丙二醇和糖精钠的平均浓度分别为0.7%、16.8%和5.7%。这些食品添加剂的人均日摄入量,根据这些食品的浓度和日摄入量估算,分别为0.105毫克、0.220毫克、41.4毫克和7.64毫克。当体重为50kg时,BHA、BHT、丙二醇和糖精钠的含量分别为每日可接受摄入量的0.4%、1.5%、3.3%和3.1%。这些结果与根据1994财政年度的正式视察结果得出的结果相似。
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引用次数: 8
Determination of Tetramine in Gastropods (Mollusca) by Ion Chromatography and the Effect of Cooking 离子色谱法测定腹足类动物中毒鼠胺的含量及蒸煮的影响
Pub Date : 2000-02-25 DOI: 10.3358/SHOKUEISHI.41.11
T. Shindo, H. Ushiyama, K. Kan, H. Saito, Y. Kuwahara, S. Uehara, K. Yasuda
In order to evaluate poisoning by tetramine by means of analysis of the remaining gastropods in a food-poisoning case, a method for highly sensitive determination of tetramine by ion chromatography (IC) was developed.Tetramine was extracted from gastropods with MeOH, defatted with n-hexane, cleaned up by using an ion pair reagent and a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge, and then subjected to IC. Recoveries of tetramine spiked at 1mg/g in gastropods were more than 90%. The limit of quantitation was 10μg/g. The remaining gastropods (boiled in soy sauce) in this food-poisoning case were Neptunea lamellosa. The contents of tetramine in the gastropods were at the levels of 0.34mg in salivary gland, and 3.1mg in meat. The intake of the patient in this case was supposed to have been about 10mg, which is a sufficient amount to cause tetramine poisoning.The diffusion percentage of tetramine from salivary gland of gastropods (N. polycostata) after boiling (97°C) in water for 10 minutes was 35% to meat, 1% to internal organs and 11% to broth. This result suggested that tetramine poisoning might be suspected on the basis of analysis of broth, etc., if no sample of the salivary gland of remaining gastropods is available.
为了对一起食物中毒病例中残留的腹足动物进行毒鼠胺中毒评价,建立了一种离子色谱法(IC)检测毒鼠胺的高灵敏度方法。用甲醇从腹足类动物中提取毒鼠胺,用正己烷脱脂,用离子对试剂和Sep-Pak C18药筒清洗,然后用IC法测定。毒鼠胺在1mg/g浓度下加标回收率大于90%。定量限为10μg/g。在这次食物中毒事件中,剩下的腹足类动物(用酱油煮)是海螺。腹足动物唾液毒鼠胺含量为0.34mg,肉质毒鼠胺含量为3.1mg。在这种情况下,病人的摄入量应该是10毫克左右,这足以引起毒鼠精中毒。腹足动物(N. polycostata)唾液腺毒鼠胺经97℃水煮10 min后扩散到肉中的比例为35%,到内脏的比例为1%,到肉汤的比例为11%。本结果提示,如果没有剩余腹足动物的唾液腺样本,可根据肉汤等分析怀疑毒鼠胺中毒。
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引用次数: 6
Study on Contents of Tetramine in Salivary Gland, Meat and Internal Organs of Buccinid Gastropods (Mollusca) 软腹足类动物唾液腺、肉和内脏中毒鼠胺含量的研究
Pub Date : 2000-02-25 DOI: 10.3358/SHOKUEISHI.41.17
T. Shindo, H. Ushiyama, K. Kan, H. Saito, Y. Kuwahara, S. Uehara, K. Yasuda
The present study was carried out to clarify the content of tetramine in various Buccinid gastropods (Mollusca) on the market by ion chromatography.As a result of examination of 28 samples of 5 kinds of gastropods of the genus Neptunea, tetramine was detected in salivary gland of all of them. The highest value of the tetramine content in both N. arthritic and N. intersculpta were 6, 600μg/g. The total amount of tetramine in the shell was the most in large-sized N. constricta, at 37mg. In the case of N. lamellosa and N. intersculpta, tetramine was detected not only in salivary gland, but also in meat and internal organs. In 18 samples of 6 kinds of gastropods of the genus Buccinum, no tetramine was detected.The tetramine detected in the meat was identified by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and ESI mass spectrometry after TLC purification.These results suggest that gastropods containing a large amount of tetramine in the meat might cause poisoning even if the salivary gland was removed.
采用离子色谱法对市面上各种软体动物中毒鼠胺的含量进行了测定。对5种海狸鼠属腹足动物28份标本进行检测,均在其唾液腺中检出毒鼠胺。毒鼠胺含量在关节炎野檀和雕刻间野檀中最高,均为6600 μg/g。大型缢蛏壳中毒鼠胺总量最多,为37mg。在片状白僵菌和雕刻间白僵菌中,毒鼠胺不仅存在于唾液腺中,还存在于肉和内脏中。6种腹足动物18份标本均未检出毒鼠胺。经TLC纯化后,采用1H NMR、13C NMR和ESI质谱法对肉中检出的毒鼠胺进行鉴定。这些结果表明,即使去除唾液腺,肉中含有大量毒鼠胺的腹足类动物也可能引起中毒。
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引用次数: 6
Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and related compounds in fish products packed in cans or multilayer laminated film packages from the Japanese market 日本市场罐装或多层膜包装鱼制品中的双酚A二缩水甘油酯(BADGE)及相关化合物
Pub Date : 2000-02-25 DOI: 10.3358/SHOKUEISHI.41.23
Y. Uematsu, K. Hirata, K. Iida, Kazuo Saito
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引用次数: 10
Concentration of inorganic anions in bottled drinking water. 瓶装饮用水中无机阴离子的浓度。
Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.3358/SHOKUEISHI.41.340
J. Suzuki, Y. Katsuki, H. Ogawa, Keiko Suzuki, H. Matsumoto, K. Yasuda
容器入り飲用水170検体の無機陰イオン (F-, Cl-, Br-, 硝酸性窒素, 亜硝酸性窒素, PO43-及びSO42-) の濃度を測定した. また, 原水の種類や採水地の違いによる陰イオンの濃度分布について解析した. 温泉水使用のものではF-及びSO42-, 海水使用のものではCl-, Br-及びSO42-, 鉱泉水使用のものではSO42-濃度が高い傾向がみられた. また, 鉱水使用のものでは輸入品でF-, Cl-及びBr-濃度が国産品と比較して高い傾向がみられたことから, 使用される原水の種類により陰イオンの濃度分布に大きな差があることが認められた. 清涼飲料水の製造基準の基準値を超えるものは2検体でいずれもF-が2.4~2.5mg/Lと高い値を示した. また水道水水質基準を超えるものが11検体みられた (F-10検体, Cl-1検体).
检测了170容器饮用水样品的无机阴离子(F-, Cl-, Br-,硝酸性氮,亚硝酸性氮,PO43-和SO42-)浓度。根据原水的种类和采水地的不同,分析了阴离子的浓度分布。使用温泉水的有F-及SO42-,使用海水的有Cl-、Br-及SO42-,使用矿泉水的有SO42-浓度高的倾向。另外,使用矿泉水的进口产品有F-,由于cl和br浓度与国产产品相比呈现出较高的趋势,由此可见,所使用的原水种类不同,阴离子的浓度分布也存在较大差异。超过清凉饮料制造标准的有2个检件,F-含量均高达2.4 ~ 2.5mg/L。另外,超过自来水水质标准的有11个检件(F-10检件,Cl-1检件)。
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引用次数: 5
期刊
Journal of The Food Hygienic Society of Japan (shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi)
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