Subchronic animal feeding studies to examine the effect of glyphosate-tolerant soybeans, which contain the bacterial 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4, on the immune system were conducted with BN rats and B10A mice. The studies were designed to compare the feeding value of a line of genetically modified glyphosate-tolerant soybeans (GM soybeans) to that of closely-related and one-parent same cultivar (non-GM soybeans). Heat-treated soybean meal was incorporated into the diets of the rats and mice at a concentration of 30%. The study duration was 15 weeks. Growth, food intake and weights of the liver and the spleen were compared between animals fed the non-GM and GM lines. The histopathology of the thymus, liver, spleen, mesenteric lymph node, Peyer's patches, and small intestine, and the production of soybean-specific IgE and IgG antibodies in the sera were also compared. Growth, feeding value, and the histopathology of immune-related organs showed no significant differences between animals fed GM and non-GM lines. The production of soybean-specific IgE was not detected in the sera of either group, and the increase in soybean-specific IgG was identical in the GM and non-GM groups. No immunotoxic activity was found in GM-soybean-fed rats or mice.
{"title":"遺伝子組換え, 非組換え大豆のマウス, ラットへの混餌投与による免疫系への影響","authors":"玲子 手島, 浩 穐山, 晴代 奥貫, 佐久嶋 順一郎, 幸広 合田, 博志 小野寺, 純一 澤田, 正武 豊田","doi":"10.3358/SHOKUEISHI.41.188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3358/SHOKUEISHI.41.188","url":null,"abstract":"Subchronic animal feeding studies to examine the effect of glyphosate-tolerant soybeans, which contain the bacterial 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4, on the immune system were conducted with BN rats and B10A mice. The studies were designed to compare the feeding value of a line of genetically modified glyphosate-tolerant soybeans (GM soybeans) to that of closely-related and one-parent same cultivar (non-GM soybeans). Heat-treated soybean meal was incorporated into the diets of the rats and mice at a concentration of 30%. The study duration was 15 weeks. Growth, food intake and weights of the liver and the spleen were compared between animals fed the non-GM and GM lines. The histopathology of the thymus, liver, spleen, mesenteric lymph node, Peyer's patches, and small intestine, and the production of soybean-specific IgE and IgG antibodies in the sera were also compared. Growth, feeding value, and the histopathology of immune-related organs showed no significant differences between animals fed GM and non-GM lines. The production of soybean-specific IgE was not detected in the sera of either group, and the increase in soybean-specific IgG was identical in the GM and non-GM groups. No immunotoxic activity was found in GM-soybean-fed rats or mice.","PeriodicalId":17269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Food Hygienic Society of Japan (shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi)","volume":"20 1","pages":"188-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78254824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"アセトニトリル抽出,GPC及びミニカラム精製,デュアルカラムGC-ECDによる食品中の多成分残留農薬分析","authors":"E. Ueno, H. Oshima, I. Saito, H. Matsumoto","doi":"10.3358/SHOKUEISHI.41.178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3358/SHOKUEISHI.41.178","url":null,"abstract":"食品中の農薬残留モニタリングのための多成分分析法を検討した. ろ過, 塩析及びアセトニトリル層の分取操作にメスシリンダーを用いた方法を考案し, 多数試料の前処理における効率性を向上させた. また, 多数試料を連続してGC分析するためのGPC及びミニカラム精製条件を確立した. 更に, GC-ECDにデュアルカラム方式を用いて, 1回の注入により58種農薬の分離定量を可能とした. その結果, 全体としての分析時間を大きく短縮できた. 添加回収率は, 53種農薬について70%以上と良好であった. 本法により農薬が検出された10検体延べ23農薬の分析値と従来法による分析値には, よい相関が認められ, 本法が迅速性に優れた信頼性のある分析法であることが確認された.","PeriodicalId":17269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Food Hygienic Society of Japan (shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi)","volume":"198 1","pages":"178-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79982275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-02-25DOI: 10.3358/SHOKUEISHI.41.48
M. Matsumoto, N. Maruyama, Hiroo Watanabe, Takashi Kikuchihara, Y. Kido, A. Tsuji
Residue analysis of clenbuterol (CBL) in bovine and horse tissues and cow's milk using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with alkaline phosphatase as the label is described. The detection limit of the ELISA established here was 0.1ng/g (0.1ppb). Tissue samples were homogenized with 3% metaphosphoric acid and cleaned up by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. After evaporation of the ethyl acetate extract, CBL in the residue was measured by ELISA. Recoveries of CBL were 75-96% for bovine tissues, 74-98% for horse tissues and 99% for cow's milk. CBL was not detectable in bovine tissues after the 6th day of withdrawal (usual dose: 0.3mg/head, double dose: 0.6mg/head), or in horse tissues after the 25th day of withdrawal (1.6μg/kg, twice a day, for 11 days). CBL concentration in horse plasma fell below the detection limit within 24 hours after the final administration. CBL was not detectable after 2.5 days of withdrawal in cow's milk or after 6 hours (usual dose group) or 24 hours (double dose group) in cow's plasma.
{"title":"Residue analysis of clenbuterol in bovine and horse tissues and cow's milk by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.","authors":"M. Matsumoto, N. Maruyama, Hiroo Watanabe, Takashi Kikuchihara, Y. Kido, A. Tsuji","doi":"10.3358/SHOKUEISHI.41.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3358/SHOKUEISHI.41.48","url":null,"abstract":"Residue analysis of clenbuterol (CBL) in bovine and horse tissues and cow's milk using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with alkaline phosphatase as the label is described. The detection limit of the ELISA established here was 0.1ng/g (0.1ppb). Tissue samples were homogenized with 3% metaphosphoric acid and cleaned up by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. After evaporation of the ethyl acetate extract, CBL in the residue was measured by ELISA. Recoveries of CBL were 75-96% for bovine tissues, 74-98% for horse tissues and 99% for cow's milk. CBL was not detectable in bovine tissues after the 6th day of withdrawal (usual dose: 0.3mg/head, double dose: 0.6mg/head), or in horse tissues after the 25th day of withdrawal (1.6μg/kg, twice a day, for 11 days). CBL concentration in horse plasma fell below the detection limit within 24 hours after the final administration. CBL was not detectable after 2.5 days of withdrawal in cow's milk or after 6 hours (usual dose group) or 24 hours (double dose group) in cow's plasma.","PeriodicalId":17269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Food Hygienic Society of Japan (shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi)","volume":"570 1","pages":"48-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85699514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Paralytic Shellfish Poison","authors":"R. Murakami, T. Noguchi","doi":"10.3358/SHOKUEISHI.41.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3358/SHOKUEISHI.41.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Food Hygienic Society of Japan (shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi)","volume":"169 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80597062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-02-25DOI: 10.3358/SHOKUEISHI.41.44
Kyoko Sato, N. Sugimoto, Takashi Yamada, T. Maitani
Chemical forms of astaxanthin in natural food colors were investigated. First, the principal pigment of phaffia color was elucidated by HPLC and LC/APCI-MS. It was revealed to be unesterified astaxanthin, as described in the list of existing food additives. Then, optical isomerism of astaxanthin in three natural food colors that contain astaxanthin in the structures of the principal pigments was studied by HPLC with a chiral column. In phaffia color, saponified haematococcus algae color, and saponified krill color, astaxanthin was present as the (3R, 3′R), (3S, 3′S), and (3R, 3′R) forms, respectively.
{"title":"Studies on Optical Isomerism of Astaxanthin in Natural Food Colors and Principal Pigment in Phaffia Color","authors":"Kyoko Sato, N. Sugimoto, Takashi Yamada, T. Maitani","doi":"10.3358/SHOKUEISHI.41.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3358/SHOKUEISHI.41.44","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical forms of astaxanthin in natural food colors were investigated. First, the principal pigment of phaffia color was elucidated by HPLC and LC/APCI-MS. It was revealed to be unesterified astaxanthin, as described in the list of existing food additives. Then, optical isomerism of astaxanthin in three natural food colors that contain astaxanthin in the structures of the principal pigments was studied by HPLC with a chiral column. In phaffia color, saponified haematococcus algae color, and saponified krill color, astaxanthin was present as the (3R, 3′R), (3S, 3′S), and (3R, 3′R) forms, respectively.","PeriodicalId":17269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Food Hygienic Society of Japan (shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi)","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81864315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-02-25DOI: 10.3358/SHOKUEISHI.41.61
J. Fuse, H. Kanamori, Norihisa Ideyoshi
An analytical method was developed for prochloraz and its metabolites. Each fruit or vegetable was homogenized and then extracted with acetone followed by re-extraction with ethyl acetate. The extract was transferred into a glass ampoule and pyridine hydrochloride was added. The ampoule was sealed and heated at 200°C for 3hrs. Prochloraz and its metabolites were converted into 2, 4, 6-trichlorophenol (2, 4, 6-TCP), dissolved in 0.2mol/L HCl and extracted with hexane, then 2, 4, 6-TCP was determined by using GC. The recoveries from Japanese radish, white rape, tomato, mandarin orange and Chinese citron were 85.5%, 79.9%, 70.9%, 71.3% and 67.1%, respectively. The determination limit was 0.02μg/g for prochloraz in these samples.
{"title":"Determination of Prochloraz and Its Metabolites in Fruits and Vegetables by GC","authors":"J. Fuse, H. Kanamori, Norihisa Ideyoshi","doi":"10.3358/SHOKUEISHI.41.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3358/SHOKUEISHI.41.61","url":null,"abstract":"An analytical method was developed for prochloraz and its metabolites. Each fruit or vegetable was homogenized and then extracted with acetone followed by re-extraction with ethyl acetate. The extract was transferred into a glass ampoule and pyridine hydrochloride was added. The ampoule was sealed and heated at 200°C for 3hrs. Prochloraz and its metabolites were converted into 2, 4, 6-trichlorophenol (2, 4, 6-TCP), dissolved in 0.2mol/L HCl and extracted with hexane, then 2, 4, 6-TCP was determined by using GC. The recoveries from Japanese radish, white rape, tomato, mandarin orange and Chinese citron were 85.5%, 79.9%, 70.9%, 71.3% and 67.1%, respectively. The determination limit was 0.02μg/g for prochloraz in these samples.","PeriodicalId":17269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Food Hygienic Society of Japan (shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi)","volume":"132 1","pages":"61-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82253764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-02-25DOI: 10.3358/SHOKUEISHI.41.30
H. Akiyama, Y. Kikuchi, N. Narita, Meiko Suzuki, Y. Goda, K. Takatori, M. Ichinoe, M. Toyoda
Twelve Fusarium isolates were obtained from several agricultural commodities and soil collected in Japan, corn produced in New Guinea, and grapefruit from an unknown source. Their fumonisin-producing ability was tested on corn grits and 9 of the 12 isolates produced fumonisins. Since 3 isolates produced high levels of fumonisins, the extracts of their cultures were analyzed by LC/MS. The data including MS/MS analyses suggested that the isolate from unpolished domestic rice produced monomethyl ester of fumonisin B1. Furthermore, we detected novel fumonisin B1 analogues in the extract from the grapefruit, although we could not precisely determine their structures.
{"title":"Fumonisin production by Fusarium moniliforme and F. proliferatum isolated from several agricultural commodities and Japanese soil, and detection of new fumonisins.","authors":"H. Akiyama, Y. Kikuchi, N. Narita, Meiko Suzuki, Y. Goda, K. Takatori, M. Ichinoe, M. Toyoda","doi":"10.3358/SHOKUEISHI.41.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3358/SHOKUEISHI.41.30","url":null,"abstract":"Twelve Fusarium isolates were obtained from several agricultural commodities and soil collected in Japan, corn produced in New Guinea, and grapefruit from an unknown source. Their fumonisin-producing ability was tested on corn grits and 9 of the 12 isolates produced fumonisins. Since 3 isolates produced high levels of fumonisins, the extracts of their cultures were analyzed by LC/MS. The data including MS/MS analyses suggested that the isolate from unpolished domestic rice produced monomethyl ester of fumonisin B1. Furthermore, we detected novel fumonisin B1 analogues in the extract from the grapefruit, although we could not precisely determine their structures.","PeriodicalId":17269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Food Hygienic Society of Japan (shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi)","volume":"42 1","pages":"30-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80629459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-02-25DOI: 10.3358/SHOKUEISHI.41.54
T. Akiyama, T. Washino, Takashi Yamada, T. Koda, T. Maitani
Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin and enzymatically modified rutin (extract) were analyzed to determine the structures and contents of their constituents. NMR analysis revealed that the 4-hydroxyl group of glucose was glucosylated in the manufacture of enzymatically modified isoquercitrin. LC/MS analysis established that enzymatically modified isoquercitrin consists of isoquercitrin and its α-glucosylated derivatives with 1-7 additional glucose moieties. Similarly, one sample of enzymatically modified rutin (extract) was shown to consist of rutin and its α-glucosylated derivatives. Rutin derivatives with up to 32 additional glucose moieties were detected. A different sample of enzymatically modified rutin (extract) consisted of rutin, its derivative with one additional glucose and isoquercitrin. It was suggested that two additional enzymes, as well as cyclodextrin glucanotransferase, play roles in the manufacture of this product. HPLC was employed to evaluate the contents of quercetin glycosides, which should determine solubility and antioxidative activity, in the three samples.
{"title":"Constituents of enzymatically modified isoquercitrin and enzymatically modified rutin (extract).","authors":"T. Akiyama, T. Washino, Takashi Yamada, T. Koda, T. Maitani","doi":"10.3358/SHOKUEISHI.41.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3358/SHOKUEISHI.41.54","url":null,"abstract":"Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin and enzymatically modified rutin (extract) were analyzed to determine the structures and contents of their constituents. NMR analysis revealed that the 4-hydroxyl group of glucose was glucosylated in the manufacture of enzymatically modified isoquercitrin. LC/MS analysis established that enzymatically modified isoquercitrin consists of isoquercitrin and its α-glucosylated derivatives with 1-7 additional glucose moieties. Similarly, one sample of enzymatically modified rutin (extract) was shown to consist of rutin and its α-glucosylated derivatives. Rutin derivatives with up to 32 additional glucose moieties were detected. A different sample of enzymatically modified rutin (extract) consisted of rutin, its derivative with one additional glucose and isoquercitrin. It was suggested that two additional enzymes, as well as cyclodextrin glucanotransferase, play roles in the manufacture of this product. HPLC was employed to evaluate the contents of quercetin glycosides, which should determine solubility and antioxidative activity, in the three samples.","PeriodicalId":17269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Food Hygienic Society of Japan (shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi)","volume":"108 1","pages":"54-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80842187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-02-25DOI: 10.3358/SHOKUEISHI.41.66
Eiko Amakawa, Tsutomu Ogiwara, N. Ohhashi, K. Kamata, Sukeji Suzuki
An analytical method for cadmium (Cd) in rice by microwave digestion and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was developed. A sample of 0.50g was predigested overnight in 7mL of nitric acid. The mixture was treated with 2mL of hydrogen peroxide solution and immediately exposed to microwave irradiation. The digested solution was evaporated to just before dryness on a hotplate and then made up to 10mL with 0.2% nitric acid. Cd in the sample solution was determined by graphite furnace AAS using a calibration method. 0.5% ammonium dihydrogen phosphate/0.2% nitric acid and 2% ascorbic acid were used as matrix modifiers. Recoveries of Cd added to rice were 97-108%, the CV was 1.6-6.3% and the detection limit was 5ng/g. Cd was detected at 28-96ng/g in polished rice, 18-226ng/g in brown rice and 7-49ng/g in cooked rices.
{"title":"Determination of Cadmium in Rice by Microwave Digestion and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry","authors":"Eiko Amakawa, Tsutomu Ogiwara, N. Ohhashi, K. Kamata, Sukeji Suzuki","doi":"10.3358/SHOKUEISHI.41.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3358/SHOKUEISHI.41.66","url":null,"abstract":"An analytical method for cadmium (Cd) in rice by microwave digestion and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was developed. A sample of 0.50g was predigested overnight in 7mL of nitric acid. The mixture was treated with 2mL of hydrogen peroxide solution and immediately exposed to microwave irradiation. The digested solution was evaporated to just before dryness on a hotplate and then made up to 10mL with 0.2% nitric acid. Cd in the sample solution was determined by graphite furnace AAS using a calibration method. 0.5% ammonium dihydrogen phosphate/0.2% nitric acid and 2% ascorbic acid were used as matrix modifiers. Recoveries of Cd added to rice were 97-108%, the CV was 1.6-6.3% and the detection limit was 5ng/g. Cd was detected at 28-96ng/g in polished rice, 18-226ng/g in brown rice and 7-49ng/g in cooked rices.","PeriodicalId":17269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Food Hygienic Society of Japan (shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi)","volume":"12 1","pages":"66-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90587882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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