The rising demand for sustainable energy and waste valorization has driven research on converting spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and biofeedstock into valuable products. This study investigates how the valence states of nickel and cobalt derived from spent NMC cathodes govern the bifunctional catalytic behavior of NiCo/AC catalysts during hydrogen-assisted conversion of RBDPO, where catalytic hydrocracking dominates under the applied reaction conditions. XPS and NH3-TPD analyses reveal that mixed oxidation states (Ni0/Ni2+ and Co0/Co2+/Co3+) generate a synergy between hydrogenation and acid sites, enhancing selectivity toward C8 – C16 hydrocarbons. Catalytic performance was tested in hydrotreatment and hydrocracking of palm oil within a semi-batch reactor under hydrogen, targeting deoxygenation, hydrogenation, and hydrocracking of triglycerides into jet fuel range hydrocarbons. NiCo/AC achieved 40.78 % yield, 47.87 % selectivity toward C8 – C16 hydrocarbons, and 85.18 % conversion at 350 °C. The resulting biojet fuel met ASTM D7566 standards. This work demonstrates the integration of e-waste metal recovery with renewable fuel production, offering a sustainable and cost-effective pathway for advanced biofuels and promoting circular economy strategies.
{"title":"Valence state-dependent catalytic behavior of Ni and Co in NiCo/activated carbon derived from spent Li-ion batteries for biojet fuel production","authors":"Adyatma Bhagaskara , Wega Trisunaryanti , Karna Wijaya , Aulia Meylida Tazkia , Dita Adi Saputra , Vian Marantha Haryanto , Arfiana Arfiana , Irshan Zainuddin","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2026.102413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2026.102413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising demand for sustainable energy and waste valorization has driven research on converting spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and biofeedstock into valuable products. This study investigates how the valence states of nickel and cobalt derived from spent NMC cathodes govern the bifunctional catalytic behavior of NiCo/AC catalysts during hydrogen-assisted conversion of RBDPO, where catalytic hydrocracking dominates under the applied reaction conditions. XPS and NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD analyses reveal that mixed oxidation states (Ni<sup>0</sup>/Ni<sup>2+</sup> and Co<sup>0</sup>/Co<sup>2+</sup>/Co<sup>3+</sup>) generate a synergy between hydrogenation and acid sites, enhancing selectivity toward C<sub>8</sub> – C<sub>16</sub> hydrocarbons. Catalytic performance was tested in hydrotreatment and hydrocracking of palm oil within a semi-batch reactor under hydrogen, targeting deoxygenation, hydrogenation, and hydrocracking of triglycerides into jet fuel range hydrocarbons. NiCo/AC achieved 40.78 % yield, 47.87 % selectivity toward C<sub>8</sub> – C<sub>16</sub> hydrocarbons, and 85.18 % conversion at 350 °C. The resulting biojet fuel met ASTM <span><span>D7566</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> standards. This work demonstrates the integration of e-waste metal recovery with renewable fuel production, offering a sustainable and cost-effective pathway for advanced biofuels and promoting circular economy strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"103 2","pages":"Article 102413"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In search of novel compounds with promising antimicrobial properties, a series of indole-2-carboxylic acid derivatives containing thiourea were designed and synthesized. The in vitro antimicrobial activities of all synthesized derivatives were evaluated against Vibrio harveyi (Gram-negative strain), using the agar perforating method. The results revealed that the compounds exhibited particularly strong activity against V. harveyi. Among them, derivatives 8b, 8c, and 9b demonstrated significant antimicrobial efficacy, with MIC values as low as 1.9 μg/mL, outperforming the positive control drug streptomycin sulfate. These findings suggest that the newly synthesized compounds represent promising candidates for the development of innovative antimicrobial agents.
{"title":"Design, synthesis, antimicrobial activity and structure-activity relationships of indole-2-carboxylic acid derivatives","authors":"Qingmei Zhou, Jiabao Luan, Jianlong Zhang, Qiang Liu, Jiliang Hu, Weiwei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2026.102416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2026.102416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In search of novel compounds with promising antimicrobial properties, a series of indole-2-carboxylic acid derivatives containing thiourea were designed and synthesized. The in vitro antimicrobial activities of all synthesized derivatives were evaluated against <em>Vibrio harveyi</em> (Gram-negative strain), using the agar perforating method. The results revealed that the compounds exhibited particularly strong activity against <em>V. harveyi</em>. Among them, derivatives <strong>8b</strong>, <strong>8c</strong>, and <strong>9b</strong> demonstrated significant antimicrobial efficacy, with MIC values as low as 1.9 μg/mL, outperforming the positive control drug streptomycin sulfate. These findings suggest that the newly synthesized compounds represent promising candidates for the development of innovative antimicrobial agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"103 2","pages":"Article 102416"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2026.102414
Kevser Bal , Özlem Kaplan , Sibel Küçükertuğrul Çeli̇k , Nazan Gökşen Tosun , Mehmet Koray Gök
In this study, a dual-functional redox-responsive and mucoadhesive oligomeric polyanhydride nanoparticle system was developed to integrate stimuli-triggered behavior with enhanced mucosal retention. It was synthesized from 3,3-dithiodipropionic acid and azelaic acid, where the disulfide-containing segments not only endowed the polymer with redox sensitivity but also enabled dynamic thiol–disulfide exchange interactions with mucin glycoproteins, thereby contributing to mucoadhesion. The chemical structure was confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR, and GPC analyses. Nanoparticles were prepared via nanoprecipitation and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), exhibiting particle sizes between 95.63 ± 5.52 and 128.27 ± 5.22 nm, with PDI values ranging from 0.157 ± 0.03 to 0.389 ± 0.001. Mucoadhesion studies demonstrated that the presence of disulfide (S–S) linkages significantly improved mucin interaction, achieving a binding efficiency of 33 %. Redox-responsive behavior was confirmed through drug release experiments, where nanoparticles displayed accelerated release under reducing conditions (DTT, pH 5.0) compared to non-reducing environments. In vitro cytotoxicity assays revealed that blank nPASS nanoparticles showed low toxicity toward healthy human fibroblast BJ cells as well as HT29 (colorectal adenocarcinoma) and A549 (lung carcinoma) cells. In contrast, curcumin-loaded nPASS nanoparticles exhibited enhanced anticancer activity, with lower IC50 values than free curcumin across all evaluated cell lines. Overall, these results indicate that nPASS nanoparticles constitute a promising, safe, and effective dual-function mucoadhesive and redox-responsive drug delivery platform for therapeutic applications.
{"title":"Redox-triggered and mucoadhesive oligomeric polyanhydride nanoparticles: Synthesis strategy, characterization, and in vitro evaluation","authors":"Kevser Bal , Özlem Kaplan , Sibel Küçükertuğrul Çeli̇k , Nazan Gökşen Tosun , Mehmet Koray Gök","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2026.102414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2026.102414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a dual-functional redox-responsive and mucoadhesive oligomeric polyanhydride nanoparticle system was developed to integrate stimuli-triggered behavior with enhanced mucosal retention. It was synthesized from 3,3-dithiodipropionic acid and azelaic acid, where the disulfide-containing segments not only endowed the polymer with redox sensitivity but also enabled dynamic thiol–disulfide exchange interactions with mucin glycoproteins, thereby contributing to mucoadhesion. The chemical structure was confirmed by FTIR, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, and GPC analyses. Nanoparticles were prepared via nanoprecipitation and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), exhibiting particle sizes between 95.63 ± 5.52 and 128.27 ± 5.22 nm, with PDI values ranging from 0.157 ± 0.03 to 0.389 ± 0.001. Mucoadhesion studies demonstrated that the presence of disulfide (S–S) linkages significantly improved mucin interaction, achieving a binding efficiency of 33 %. Redox-responsive behavior was confirmed through drug release experiments, where nanoparticles displayed accelerated release under reducing conditions (DTT, pH 5.0) compared to non-reducing environments. <em>In vitro</em> cytotoxicity assays revealed that blank nPA<sub>SS</sub> nanoparticles showed low toxicity toward healthy human fibroblast BJ cells as well as HT29 (colorectal adenocarcinoma) and A549 (lung carcinoma) cells. In contrast, curcumin-loaded nPA<sub>SS</sub> nanoparticles exhibited enhanced anticancer activity, with lower IC<sub>50</sub> values than free curcumin across all evaluated cell lines. Overall, these results indicate that nPA<sub>SS</sub> nanoparticles constitute a promising, safe, and effective dual-function mucoadhesive and redox-responsive drug delivery platform for therapeutic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"103 2","pages":"Article 102414"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2026.102403
Hany M. Youssef , Ahlem Guesmi , Naoufel Ben Hamadi , Mohammed T. Alotaibi , El-Sayed M. El-Sayed , Mahmoud F. Mubarak
This study investigated the successful elimination of reactive dyes using sandwich composites incorporating aluminum foam cores. The composites comprised an aluminum foam core surrounded by face sheets composed of carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy matrix. The adsorption mechanism was evaluated based on interactions between dye molecules and the composite surface. Experimental and computational techniques were employed to assess flow characteristics, adsorption efficiency, and environmental impact. Surface morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while elemental composition was determined using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Functional groups were identified using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Under optimized conditions (initial concentration = 100 mg/L, pH = 7.0, contact time = 30 min), the aluminum foam-based sandwich composite achieved 95 % removal efficiency for Reactive Blue 19 dye. The study systematically analyzed the adsorption performance, pH influence, and sustainability aspects of the composite, providing insight into its potential for practical wastewater treatment applications. The findings contribute to optimizing sandwich composite structures for dye removal and support their applications in sustainable wastewater treatment.
{"title":"Aluminum foam-based sandwich composites for high-efficiency removal of reactive blue 19 dye","authors":"Hany M. Youssef , Ahlem Guesmi , Naoufel Ben Hamadi , Mohammed T. Alotaibi , El-Sayed M. El-Sayed , Mahmoud F. Mubarak","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2026.102403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2026.102403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the successful elimination of reactive dyes using sandwich composites incorporating aluminum foam cores. The composites comprised an aluminum foam core surrounded by face sheets composed of carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy matrix. The adsorption mechanism was evaluated based on interactions between dye molecules and the composite surface. Experimental and computational techniques were employed to assess flow characteristics, adsorption efficiency, and environmental impact. Surface morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while elemental composition was determined using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Functional groups were identified using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Under optimized conditions (initial concentration = 100 mg/L, pH = 7.0, contact time = 30 min), the aluminum foam-based sandwich composite achieved 95 % removal efficiency for Reactive Blue 19 dye. The study systematically analyzed the adsorption performance, pH influence, and sustainability aspects of the composite, providing insight into its potential for practical wastewater treatment applications. The findings contribute to optimizing sandwich composite structures for dye removal and support their applications in sustainable wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"103 2","pages":"Article 102403"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2026.102411
Fujing Wang, Guang Li, Xiangsheng Wang
Scalable and green syntheses of oxygen carriers are crucial for methane chemical looping partial oxidation. To prepare oxygen carriers with abundant oxygen vacancies, H2 treatment and ion doping strategies commonly need multistep and lengthy operations, which are unfavorable for the preparation of oxygen carriers. Herein, a simple and green salt-assisted solvent-free grinding method was carried out for a general preparation of LaFe1-xNixO3. This strategy was easy to scale up and no organic solvent was required. Especially, LaFe0.6Ni0.4O3–3NaCl with massive oxygen vacancies enhanced its methane chemical looping partial oxidation performance with 55.6 % methane conversion, 75.4 % H2 selectivity and 22.7 % CO selectivity due to its rich oxygen vacancies and acid-basic properties, outperforming the LaFe0.6Ni0.4O3 (11.6 % methane conversion, 3.3 % H2 selectivity and no CO generation). Moreover, after 19 cycles, the methane conversion, H2 selectivity and CO selectivity of LaFe0.6Ni0.4O3–3NaCl were still above 45 %, 61 % and 18 %, respectively, showing good stability. The above results imply that the salt-assisted solvent-free grinding method offers a realistic pathway for the highly efficient production of LaFe1-xNixO3 in methane chemical looping partial oxidation.
{"title":"Salt-assisted synthesized LaFe0.6Ni0.4O3 for methane chemical looping partial oxidation","authors":"Fujing Wang, Guang Li, Xiangsheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2026.102411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2026.102411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Scalable and green syntheses of oxygen carriers are crucial for methane chemical looping partial oxidation. To prepare oxygen carriers with abundant oxygen vacancies, H<sub>2</sub> treatment and ion doping strategies commonly need multistep and lengthy operations, which are unfavorable for the preparation of oxygen carriers. Herein, a simple and green salt-assisted solvent-free grinding method was carried out for a general preparation of LaFe<sub>1-x</sub>Ni<sub>x</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. This strategy was easy to scale up and no organic solvent was required. Especially, LaFe<sub>0.6</sub>Ni<sub>0.4</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–3NaCl with massive oxygen vacancies enhanced its methane chemical looping partial oxidation performance with 55.6 % methane conversion, 75.4 % H<sub>2</sub> selectivity and 22.7 % CO selectivity due to its rich oxygen vacancies and acid-basic properties, outperforming the LaFe<sub>0.6</sub>Ni<sub>0.4</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (11.6 % methane conversion, 3.3 % H<sub>2</sub> selectivity and no CO generation). Moreover, after 19 cycles, the methane conversion, H<sub>2</sub> selectivity and CO selectivity of LaFe<sub>0.6</sub>Ni<sub>0.4</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–3NaCl were still above 45 %, 61 % and 18 %, respectively, showing good stability. The above results imply that the salt-assisted solvent-free grinding method offers a realistic pathway for the highly efficient production of LaFe<sub>1-x</sub>Ni<sub>x</sub>O<sub>3</sub> in methane chemical looping partial oxidation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"103 2","pages":"Article 102411"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2026.102409
Godlisten N. Shao , Faraja E. Komba
Inadequate access to safe and clean water contributes to the persistence of waterborne diseases. Purifying contaminated water from various sources using low-cost and affordable ceramic water filters can reduce the problem. In this study, the ceramic water filters were fabricated using locally available materials such as sand, rice husk ashes (RHA) and wheat flour. The sand and rice husk ashes ratio was controlled at 60 and 40 wt%, respectively. Wheat flour at 7.5, 15 and 30 wt% were added to the sand and RHA mixture to improve the physicochemical properties of the final products. The prepared ceramic mixtures were fired at 650 °C and 850 °C to obtain the final products. CuO nanoparticles were incorporated into the obtained calcined ceramic samples using the impregnation method to improve their performance in removing water contaminants. The obtained materials were characterised by XRF, XRD, EDAX, SEM, and TEM analyses. The analyses revealed the formation of a crystalline and porous structure. Pairwise t-test comparison by mean difference at 95 % confidence interval of the samples on the removal efficiency of water contaminants indicated that the CR2-850 ceramic water filter impregnated with CuO nanoparticles had the highest performance. This finding indicates that the ceramic water filters obtained at high temperatures can remove water contaminants and reduce the persistence of waterborne diseases. Therefore, using locally available sources, the present study provides a convenient method to fabricate water filters with suitable properties for removing contaminants such as E. coli, turbidity and heavy metals.
{"title":"Investigation of water treatment performance of copper oxide nanoparticles incorporated ceramic water filter","authors":"Godlisten N. Shao , Faraja E. Komba","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2026.102409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2026.102409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inadequate access to safe and clean water contributes to the persistence of waterborne diseases. Purifying contaminated water from various sources using low-cost and affordable ceramic water filters can reduce the problem. In this study, the ceramic water filters were fabricated using locally available materials such as sand, rice husk ashes (RHA) and wheat flour. The sand and rice husk ashes ratio was controlled at 60 and 40 wt%, respectively. Wheat flour at 7.5, 15 and 30 wt% were added to the sand and RHA mixture to improve the physicochemical properties of the final products. The prepared ceramic mixtures were fired at 650 °C and 850 °C to obtain the final products. CuO nanoparticles were incorporated into the obtained calcined ceramic samples using the impregnation method to improve their performance in removing water contaminants. The obtained materials were characterised by XRF, XRD, EDAX, SEM, and TEM analyses. The analyses revealed the formation of a crystalline and porous structure. Pairwise <em>t</em>-test comparison by mean difference at 95 % confidence interval of the samples on the removal efficiency of water contaminants indicated that the CR2-850 ceramic water filter impregnated with CuO nanoparticles had the highest performance. This finding indicates that the ceramic water filters obtained at high temperatures can remove water contaminants and reduce the persistence of waterborne diseases. Therefore, using locally available sources, the present study provides a convenient method to fabricate water filters with suitable properties for removing contaminants such as <em>E. coli</em>, turbidity and heavy metals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"103 2","pages":"Article 102409"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2026.102410
Adyatma Bhagaskara , Dita Adi Saputra , Wega Trisunaryanti , Karna Wijaya , Kharistya Rozana , Herri Susanto , Revaldo Anugerah Putra Pradana , Hermawan Dwi Hartanto , Latifa Hanum Lalasari , Agus Budi Prasetyo
This study demonstrates a green hydrometallurgical pathway for the selective recovery of nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) from spent NMC cathodes using citric acid without additional reductants. The novelty lies in elucidating the dissolution mechanism through in situ Raman spectroscopy, which revealed dynamic coordination of citrate with transition metals, evolving from bidentate to bridging complexes during leaching. These real-time mechanistic insights were combined with statistical optimization using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to establish the most influential parameters (citric acid concentration, temperature, and time) leading to high recovery efficiencies of 92.43 % Co and 81.54 % Ni under optimized conditions (1.24 M citric acid, 60 °C, 100 min, S:L = 1:25 g L−1). Complementary characterizations (XRD, FTIR, AAS, SEM, and XPS) confirmed structural characteristic changes of the cathode and selective metal dissolution. This integrated approach highlights the potential of citric acid as a sustainable leaching agent, offering mechanistic understanding and optimized performance for environmentally responsible recycling of lithium-ion batteries.
{"title":"Investigation of reaction mechanism in selective citric acid leaching of Ni and Co from NMC cathodes via real time Raman spectroscopy and RSM optimization","authors":"Adyatma Bhagaskara , Dita Adi Saputra , Wega Trisunaryanti , Karna Wijaya , Kharistya Rozana , Herri Susanto , Revaldo Anugerah Putra Pradana , Hermawan Dwi Hartanto , Latifa Hanum Lalasari , Agus Budi Prasetyo","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2026.102410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2026.102410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study demonstrates a green hydrometallurgical pathway for the selective recovery of nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) from spent NMC cathodes using citric acid without additional reductants. The novelty lies in elucidating the dissolution mechanism through in situ Raman spectroscopy, which revealed dynamic coordination of citrate with transition metals, evolving from bidentate to bridging complexes during leaching. These real-time mechanistic insights were combined with statistical optimization using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to establish the most influential parameters (citric acid concentration, temperature, and time) leading to high recovery efficiencies of 92.43 % Co and 81.54 % Ni under optimized conditions (1.24 M citric acid, 60 °C, 100 min, S:L = 1:25 g L<sup>−1</sup>). Complementary characterizations (XRD, FTIR, AAS, SEM, and XPS) confirmed structural characteristic changes of the cathode and selective metal dissolution. This integrated approach highlights the potential of citric acid as a sustainable leaching agent, offering mechanistic understanding and optimized performance for environmentally responsible recycling of lithium-ion batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"103 2","pages":"Article 102410"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2026.102400
Sheraj Z. Sayyed, Prakash D. Vaidya
Carbon dioxide sorption-enhanced chemical looping reforming (SE-CLR) technology provides a candidate route for hydrogen (H2) generation from bio-oxygenates through a two-step redox process. In this work, SE-CLR of ethanol, glycerol and butanol was investigated in a fixed bed reactor using the oxygen carriers NiO–CaO-HTlc (NCH) and Ce–NiO–CaO-HTlc (or CNCH, here, HTlc denotes hydrotalcite-like materials). Oxygen carriers (OC) were synthesized using impregnation method and characterized using BET method (or Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method), XRD (X-ray diffraction) and SEM-EDX (scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy). The reduction stage of the CLR process was performed using 2 g OC between 673 and 873 K. Weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) was varied in the 0.44–1.79 mL/g-min range. For the reaction of ethanol over NCH carrier, H2 formation rate (0.48 mmol/g-min) was maximized during reduction at T = 773 K and WHSV = 1.79 mL/g-min. A dead time was initially observed during the SE-CLR tests. Pre-breakthough periods for NCH (15 min) and CNCH (30 min) were observed; thereafter, the presence of CO2 in the product was evident. The highest concentration of H2 during the reactions of glycerol, butanol and ethanol over CNCH was 26.2, 21.7 and 18.6 %; correspondingly, the highest CO2 content of the product was 3.7, 4.4 and 2.3 %. Traces of methane were detected in the product. The oxidation stage yielded a maximum of 4.1 % CO2 during SE-CLR of glycerol. CNCH was successfully tested for 18 redox cycles. On an average, H2 and CO2 formation rates during reduction were 0.43 and 0.08 mmol/g-min. Clearly, the outcomes suggested that the application of the chosen materials for SE-CLR of bio-oxygenates was encouraging.
{"title":"Sorption-enhanced chemical looping reforming (SE-CLR) of ethanol, glycerol and butanol over hydrotalcite-based multifunctional materials for improved hydrogen production","authors":"Sheraj Z. Sayyed, Prakash D. Vaidya","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2026.102400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2026.102400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon dioxide sorption-enhanced chemical looping reforming (SE-CLR) technology provides a candidate route for hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) generation from bio-oxygenates through a two-step redox process. In this work, SE-CLR of ethanol, glycerol and butanol was investigated in a fixed bed reactor using the oxygen carriers NiO–CaO-HTlc (NCH) and Ce–NiO–CaO-HTlc (or CNCH, here, HTlc denotes hydrotalcite-like materials). Oxygen carriers (OC) were synthesized using impregnation method and characterized using BET method (or Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method), XRD (X-ray diffraction) and SEM-EDX (scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy). The reduction stage of the CLR process was performed using 2 g OC between 673 and 873 K. Weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) was varied in the 0.44–1.79 mL/g-min range. For the reaction of ethanol over NCH carrier, H<sub>2</sub> formation rate (0.48 mmol/g-min) was maximized during reduction at T = 773 K and WHSV = 1.79 mL/g-min. A dead time was initially observed during the SE-CLR tests. Pre-breakthough periods for NCH (15 min) and CNCH (30 min) were observed; thereafter, the presence of CO<sub>2</sub> in the product was evident. The highest concentration of H<sub>2</sub> during the reactions of glycerol, butanol and ethanol over CNCH was 26.2, 21.7 and 18.6 %; correspondingly, the highest CO<sub>2</sub> content of the product was 3.7, 4.4 and 2.3 %. Traces of methane were detected in the product. The oxidation stage yielded a maximum of 4.1 % CO<sub>2</sub> during SE-CLR of glycerol. CNCH was successfully tested for 18 redox cycles. On an average, H<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> formation rates during reduction were 0.43 and 0.08 mmol/g-min. Clearly, the outcomes suggested that the application of the chosen materials for SE-CLR of bio-oxygenates was encouraging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"103 2","pages":"Article 102400"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2026.102406
S. Anuja , J.A.F.C.R. Rodrigues , R. Suresh Babu , A. Kosiha , A.L.F. de Barros
An innovative core–shell nanoparticle system comprising a silica (SiO2) core and a ruthenium hexacyanoferrate (RuHCF) shell was successfully synthesized. The structural and optical behaviour of the resulting SiO2@RuHCF nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy. The surface morphology and nanoscale architecture were further elucidated through field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), confirming the successful encapsulation of RuHCF on the silica core. The electrochemical functionality of the synthesized SiO2@RuHCF-NPs was explored by incorporating them into a paraffin wax-impregnated graphite electrode (PIGE) via mechanical immobilization, forming an electroactive redox mediator system. The modified electrode was characterized by voltammetric methods and demonstrated excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the riboflavin reduction. The developed riboflavin sensor exhibited a fast response time of 4 s, a low detection limit of 1.4 × 10−7 M, a broad linear range of 4.3–2600 μM, high sensitivity 0.204 μA/μM, and showed good stability and repeatability. These features highlight the sensor's potential for practical applications. Furthermore, the modified electrode also facilitated oxygen evolution in alkaline medium, achieving an optimal current density of 10 mA cm−2 at overpotential of just 560 mV from the thermodynamic potential of 1.23 V, indicating its promise for electrocatalytic applications.
成功地合成了一种由二氧化硅（SiO2）核和六氰高铁钌（RuHCF）壳组成的新型核-壳纳米颗粒体系。利用紫外可见光谱对所得SiO2@RuHCF纳米粒子（NPs）的结构和光学行为进行了表征。通过场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）和高分辨率透射电镜（HRTEM）进一步分析了表面形貌和纳米尺度结构，证实了RuHCF在二氧化硅核上的成功封装。通过机械固定将合成的SiO2@RuHCF-NPs加入到石蜡浸渍石墨电极（PIGE）中，形成电活性氧化还原介质体系，考察其电化学功能。用伏安法对修饰电极进行了表征，并对核黄素还原表现出良好的电催化活性。该传感器响应时间快，可达4 s，检出限1.4 × 10−7 M，线性范围4.3 ~ 2600 μM，灵敏度0.204 μA/μM，具有良好的稳定性和重复性。这些特点突出了传感器在实际应用中的潜力。此外，改性电极还促进了碱性介质中的氧气析出，在过电位仅为560 mV时达到10 mA cm - 2的最佳电流密度，热力学势为1.23 V，表明其有望用于电催化应用。
{"title":"Core–shell Silica–Ruthenium hexacyanoferrate nanoparticles modified electrode as efficient electrocatalyst for riboflavin detection and oxygen evolution reaction","authors":"S. Anuja , J.A.F.C.R. Rodrigues , R. Suresh Babu , A. Kosiha , A.L.F. de Barros","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2026.102406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2026.102406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An innovative core–shell nanoparticle system comprising a silica (SiO<sub>2</sub>) core and a ruthenium hexacyanoferrate (RuHCF) shell was successfully synthesized. The structural and optical behaviour of the resulting SiO<sub>2</sub>@RuHCF nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy. The surface morphology and nanoscale architecture were further elucidated through field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), confirming the successful encapsulation of RuHCF on the silica core. The electrochemical functionality of the synthesized SiO<sub>2</sub>@RuHCF-NPs was explored by incorporating them into a paraffin wax-impregnated graphite electrode (PIGE) via mechanical immobilization, forming an electroactive redox mediator system. The modified electrode was characterized by voltammetric methods and demonstrated excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the riboflavin reduction. The developed riboflavin sensor exhibited a fast response time of 4 s, a low detection limit of 1.4 × 10<sup>−7</sup> M, a broad linear range of 4.3–2600 μM, high sensitivity 0.204 μA/μM, and showed good stability and repeatability. These features highlight the sensor's potential for practical applications. Furthermore, the modified electrode also facilitated oxygen evolution in alkaline medium, achieving an optimal current density of 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> at overpotential of just 560 mV from the thermodynamic potential of 1.23 V, indicating its promise for electrocatalytic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"103 2","pages":"Article 102406"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2026.102407
Mohamed E.I. Badawy , Aya R.M. Shinqar
A rapid and very sensitive colorimetric tool depending on silver nanoparticles functionalized with sulfanilic acid (AgNPs-SA) was developed to detect and determine carbendazim and malathion residues in food and water samples concurrently. The dispersed nanoparticle AgNPs-SA showed high localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of 420 nm, but when interacted with carbendazim and malathion, the nanoparticles were bound together to show evident red-shifting to form new distinctive absorption pockets at 540 nm and 515 nm, respectively. The method of detection is based on the selective chelation of the functional groups of pesticides (CO, PS, –NH, and -S-) with the surface AgNPs-SA, followed by aggregation in concentration-dependent interactions. The method demonstrated high sensitivity, with limit of detection (LOD) of 0.029 μg/mL for carbendazim and 0.064 μg/mL for malathion, lower than those of most conventional methods. Selectivity was enhanced by pH adjustment (5-11), which exploited differences in analyte ionization. The method was successfully applied to spiked irrigation water, tomato, and guava fruit samples, achieving recoveries of 87.16–99.61 % with minimal matrix interference. The given chemical sensor offers a valuable replacement to on-site monitoring of pesticide residues in both agricultural and environmental samples through chromatographic methods.
{"title":"Highly sensitive procedure based on silver nanoparticles functionalized with sulfanilic acid for rapid detection of carbendazim and malathion residues in water and food samples","authors":"Mohamed E.I. Badawy , Aya R.M. Shinqar","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2026.102407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2026.102407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A rapid and very sensitive colorimetric tool depending on silver nanoparticles functionalized with sulfanilic acid (AgNPs-SA) was developed to detect and determine carbendazim and malathion residues in food and water samples concurrently. The dispersed nanoparticle AgNPs-SA showed high localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of 420 nm, but when interacted with carbendazim and malathion, the nanoparticles were bound together to show evident red-shifting to form new distinctive absorption pockets at 540 nm and 515 nm, respectively. The method of detection is based on the selective chelation of the functional groups of pesticides (C<img>O, P<img>S, –NH, and -S-) with the surface AgNPs-SA, followed by aggregation in concentration-dependent interactions. The method demonstrated high sensitivity, with limit of detection (LOD) of 0.029 μg/mL for carbendazim and 0.064 μg/mL for malathion, lower than those of most conventional methods. Selectivity was enhanced by pH adjustment (5-11), which exploited differences in analyte ionization. The method was successfully applied to spiked irrigation water, tomato, and guava fruit samples, achieving recoveries of 87.16–99.61 % with minimal matrix interference. The given chemical sensor offers a valuable replacement to on-site monitoring of pesticide residues in both agricultural and environmental samples through chromatographic methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":"103 2","pages":"Article 102407"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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