A series of binary and ternary Sm(III) complexes exhibiting bright orange-red photoluminescence have been successfully synthesized with 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (L) serving as the main coordinating ligand in combination with four ancillary ligands: 1,10-phenanthroline, 2,2-bipyridyl, Triphenylphosphineoxide, and neocuprine, for potential photonic applications. The complexes were characterized using a range of techniques, such as elemental analysis, FTIR, NMR spectroscopy, XRD, thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), and UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy in solid state. Monitoring the excitation at 390 nm revealed that the complexes exhibited emission at 565 nm, 605 nm, 648 nm and 708 nm due to electronic transitions from 4G5/2 to 6H5/2, 6H7/2, 6H9/2 and 6H11/2 respectively, with the dominant emission peak at 648 nm appearing reddish-orange. MATLAB software was used to examine the complex's colorimetric characteristics in the solid phase. The CCT value ranges from 1714.18 to 3434.72 K whereas color purity values extents from 75.09 to 88.48 % suggesting the suitability of these complexes as warm orange red lighting source. Gaussian fitting was used to obtain the full width at half maxima (FWHM) for 4G5/2 → 6H9/2 emission transition which were then used to assess the lasing properties. Highest σse (8.5 × 10−22 cm2) was achieved for complex S3 indicating its maximum relevance in orange laser emissions. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy revealed optical band gaps of 2.53–2.79 eV and Urbach energies of 82.71–169.6 meV, unlocking their potential as promising candidates for semiconductor device applications. According to the Judd-Ofelt analysis, these complexes have an asymmetric environment with moderate rigidity and covalent bonding surrounding the samarium ion. A computational analysis was conducted to ascertain the complexes' HOMO-LUMO energy levels. Also, these complexes show their potential use in forensic sciences in the detection of latent fingerprints.
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