Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2024.101445
In this study, a known benzimidazolium salt was synthesized in two steps starting from N-phenyl-o-phenylenediamine. This compound was tested in vitro for 72 h against different cancer cell lines (A549 - lung cancer, HepG2 - liver cancer, DLD-1 - colon cancer) and to compare the activity of this compound with cisplatin, a widely used chemotherapeutic agent. The evaluation of compound 4 as a potential anticancer agent against different cancer types was achieved by examining the cytotoxic effects of this compound through IC50 values using the MTT method. It was found that compound 4 showed different activity depending on the cell type and had a high cytotoxic effect (IC50: 15.68 μM), especially against lung cancer cell line for 72 h incubation time.
{"title":"Cytotoxic activity properties of a benzimidazolium salt against lung, liver, and colon cancer cell lines","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2024.101445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2024.101445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a known benzimidazolium salt was synthesized in two steps starting from N-phenyl-<em>o</em>-phenylenediamine. This compound was tested <em>in vitro</em> for 72 h against different cancer cell lines (A549 - lung cancer, HepG2 - liver cancer, DLD-1 - colon cancer) and to compare the activity of this compound with cisplatin, a widely used chemotherapeutic agent. The evaluation of compound <strong>4</strong> as a potential anticancer agent against different cancer types was achieved by examining the cytotoxic effects of this compound through IC50 values using the MTT method. It was found that compound <strong>4</strong> showed different activity depending on the cell type and had a high cytotoxic effect (IC<sub>50</sub>: 15.68 μM), especially against lung cancer cell line for 72 h incubation time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2024.101442
We synthesized the nano CeO2 using the sol-gel method and characterized the material using different techniques, including XRD, FT-IR, BET surface area, SEM, and TEM analysis. We tested the catalytic functionalities of nano CeO2 catalyst for Knoevengel condensation of different substituted benzaldehydes with malononitrile, which offered exceptional 95 % conversion and yield. The results support that nano CeO2 material significantly boosted the yield of the desired product compared to the bulk material. The low-angle XRD profile showed that the regenerated nanomaterial fully retained the porous nature and cubic structure of ceria. FT-IR results reveal that the characteristic vibrational IR band is at 720 cm−1, which is attributed to Ce–O–Ce stretching. The BET surface area result indicates that nano-ceria possesses a higher surface area than bulk CeO2 material. The SEM analysis illustrates cube-like morphology and TEM data show the nanorod-like appearance of ceria. The nanocatalyst exhibited stable and sustainable activity during regeneration up to 5 cycles.
{"title":"Synthesis, characterization, and novel reactivity of nano CeO2 catalyst for solvent-free Knoevenagel condensation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2024.101442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2024.101442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We synthesized the nano CeO<sub>2</sub> using the sol-gel method and characterized the material using different techniques, including XRD, FT-IR, BET surface area, SEM, and TEM analysis. We tested the catalytic functionalities of nano CeO<sub>2</sub> catalyst for Knoevengel condensation of different substituted benzaldehydes with malononitrile, which offered exceptional 95 % conversion and yield. The results support that nano CeO<sub>2</sub> material significantly boosted the yield of the desired product compared to the bulk material. The low-angle XRD profile showed that the regenerated nanomaterial fully retained the porous nature and cubic structure of ceria. FT-IR results reveal that the characteristic vibrational IR band is at 720 cm<sup>−1</sup>, which is attributed to Ce–<em>O</em>–Ce stretching. The BET surface area result indicates that nano-ceria possesses a higher surface area than bulk CeO<sub>2</sub> material. The SEM analysis illustrates cube-like morphology and TEM data show the nanorod-like appearance of ceria. The nanocatalyst exhibited stable and sustainable activity during regeneration up to 5 cycles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2024.101438
Lignin is a potential renewable source for the production of many value-added bio-products through bacterial depolymerization. In this study, Kraft lignin (KL) was depolymerized by indigenous potential ligninolytic strains to obtain the optimum amount of Vanillic acid. Initially, fifteen bacterial strains were isolated from decaying wood mixed soil to assess their lignin degradation efficiency. Five potential lignin-degrading microbes (RW-B2, RW-B4, RW-B9, RW-B11 and RW-B15) were identified by nutrient enrichment technique. RW-B15 was observed as a dominant strain sharing a 99 % resemblance to Bacillus megaterium sp. Optimum temperature and bacterial inoculum concentration were noted as 35 °C and 1 %, respectively. Mixed microbial culture of five potential ligninolytic strains showed better KL degradation than pure culture due to different metabolic capacities, enzymatic mechanisms and synergetic impact among the association members. The KL degradation study was conducted with different KL concentrations (500–2000 mg/l) at optimum temperature using 1 % inoculums. The production of Vanillic acid increased from 60.1 to 199.9 mg/l with increasing concentration of KL from 500 to 2000 mg/l. The maximum production of Vanillic acid was obtained on 3rd day of degradation and it decreased thereafter which is probably due to an increase in microbial toxicity and enzymatic activity. However, the COD level continuously decreased for all KL concentrations with degradation time till the last day. The pH of the KL solution slightly decreased on 3rd day due to the acidic nature of Vanillic acid. GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of Vanillic acid and showed the presence of other monomeric compounds formed after KL degradation.
{"title":"Microbial depolymerization of Kraft lignin for production of Vanillic acid by indigenous ligninolytic strains","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2024.101438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2024.101438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lignin is a potential renewable source for the production of many value-added bio-products through bacterial depolymerization. In this study, Kraft lignin (KL) was depolymerized by indigenous potential ligninolytic strains to obtain the optimum amount of Vanillic acid. Initially, fifteen bacterial strains were isolated from decaying wood mixed soil to assess their lignin degradation efficiency. Five potential lignin-degrading microbes (RW-B<sub>2</sub>, RW-B<sub>4</sub>, RW-B<sub>9</sub>, RW-B<sub>11</sub> and RW-B<sub>15</sub>) were identified by nutrient enrichment technique. RW-B<sub>15</sub> was observed as a dominant strain sharing a 99 % resemblance to <em>Bacillus megaterium</em> sp. Optimum temperature and bacterial inoculum concentration were noted as 35 °C and 1 %, respectively. Mixed microbial culture of five potential ligninolytic strains showed better KL degradation than pure culture due to different metabolic capacities, enzymatic mechanisms and synergetic impact among the association members. The KL degradation study was conducted with different KL concentrations (500–2000 mg/l) at optimum temperature using 1 % inoculums. The production of Vanillic acid increased from 60.1 to 199.9 mg/l with increasing concentration of KL from 500 to 2000 mg/l. The maximum production of Vanillic acid was obtained on 3rd day of degradation and it decreased thereafter which is probably due to an increase in microbial toxicity and enzymatic activity. However, the COD level continuously decreased for all KL concentrations with degradation time till the last day. The pH of the KL solution slightly decreased on 3rd day due to the acidic nature of Vanillic acid. GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of Vanillic acid and showed the presence of other monomeric compounds formed after KL degradation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2024.101423
In this study, Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were synthesized using a sustainable approach. The process comprised Eucalyptus leaf extract as both a biological capping agent and a reducing agent. The synthesis process used a one-pot hydrothermal technique to efficiently combine CuO nanoparticles with reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Analytical methods were utilized to investigate the prepared nanocomposite's structural, crystalline, morphological, functional, optical, and thermal characteristics. The prepared sample was analyzed using X-ray diffraction, which revealed that CuO nanoparticles have a monoclinic crystal structure, and no impurity peaks were observed. Field emission scanning microscopes displayed the uniform dispersion of spherical CuO nanoparticles with layered and non-agglomerated, resembling a sponge-like structure of rGO. The microstructural analysis also confirmed the dispersion of copper inside reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets. The optical properties, including light absorption and bandgap width, were investigated using UV–visible spectroscopy using bandgap energies of 2.5 and 2.8 eV. In addition, the nanocomposite's ability to degrade cationic Rhodamine 6G and anionic Rose Bengal dyes by photocatalysis was evaluated. The degradation of RB and Rh6G dyes was characterized by nanocatalysis using UV–visible spectroscopy and a pseudo-first-order kinetics model. The pseudo-first-order degradation kinetic rate of Rhodamine 6G was determined to be 2.55 x 10−2 min−1, indicating that the nanocomposite effectively initiates this dye's degradation. The results showed that dye degradation was effective even at reduced catalyst concentrations.
本研究采用可持续方法合成了纳米氧化铜（CuO）颗粒。该工艺由桉树叶提取物作为生物封端剂和还原剂。合成过程采用一锅水热技术，有效地将氧化铜纳米粒子与还原型氧化石墨烯（rGO）结合在一起。利用分析方法研究了所制备纳米复合材料的结构、结晶、形态、功能、光学和热学特性。利用 X 射线衍射分析了制备的样品，结果表明 CuO 纳米粒子具有单斜晶体结构，且未观察到杂质峰。场发射扫描显微镜显示，球形 CuO 纳米粒子均匀分散，具有分层和无团聚的特点，类似于 rGO 的海绵状结构。微观结构分析也证实了铜在还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）片中的分散。利用带隙能量为 2.5 和 2.8 eV 的紫外可见光谱分析了其光学特性，包括光吸收和带隙宽度。此外，还评估了纳米复合材料通过光催化降解阳离子罗丹明 6G 和阴离子玫瑰红染料的能力。利用紫外可见光谱和伪一阶动力学模型对纳米催化降解 RB 和 Rh6G 染料的过程进行了表征。经测定，罗丹明 6G 的伪一阶降解动力学速率为 2.55 x 10-2 min-1，表明纳米复合材料能有效地启动该染料的降解。结果表明，即使在催化剂浓度降低的情况下，染料降解也是有效的。
{"title":"A sustainable strategy to improve photocatalytic degradation properties of CuO and CuO-rGO nanocomposite using Eucalyptus leaf extract","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2024.101423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2024.101423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were synthesized using a sustainable approach. The process comprised <em>Eucalyptus</em> leaf extract as both a biological capping agent and a reducing agent. The synthesis process used a one-pot hydrothermal technique to efficiently combine CuO nanoparticles with reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Analytical methods were utilized to investigate the prepared nanocomposite's structural, crystalline, morphological, functional, optical, and thermal characteristics. The prepared sample was analyzed using X-ray diffraction, which revealed that CuO nanoparticles have a monoclinic crystal structure, and no impurity peaks were observed. Field emission scanning microscopes displayed the uniform dispersion of spherical CuO nanoparticles with layered and non-agglomerated, resembling a sponge-like structure of rGO. The microstructural analysis also confirmed the dispersion of copper inside reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets. The optical properties, including light absorption and bandgap width, were investigated using UV–visible spectroscopy using bandgap energies of 2.5 and 2.8 eV. In addition, the nanocomposite's ability to degrade cationic Rhodamine 6G and anionic Rose Bengal dyes by photocatalysis was evaluated. The degradation of RB and Rh6G dyes was characterized by nanocatalysis using UV–visible spectroscopy and a pseudo-first-order kinetics model. The pseudo-first-order degradation kinetic rate of Rhodamine 6G was determined to be 2.55 x 10<sup>−2</sup> min<sup>−1</sup>, indicating that the nanocomposite effectively initiates this dye's degradation. The results showed that dye degradation was effective even at reduced catalyst concentrations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2024.101440
The widespread applications of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) are limited because of its low electrical conductivity and restricted ion diffusion coefficient. To address these constraints, the present study includes a straightforward and effective approach for fabricating polyaniline based silver-decorated vanadium pentoxide (Ag–V2O5/PANi) as an electrode material. The structural and morphological investigation of prepared electrode materials were made by X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy respectively. In comparison to pure Ag–V2O5, the Ag–V2O5/PANi composite demonstrated enhanced performance in various aspects. Specifically, the Ag–V2O5/PANi showed a higher specific capacitance (628 Fg−1) when subjected to a current density (1 Ag−1) in KOH electrolyte. Additionally, it has an energy density of 153 Whkg−1. Furthermore, the Ag–V2O5/PANi composite exhibited superior stability even after undergoing 3000 charge to discharge cycles. Exceptional capabilities shown can be ascribed to synergistic interaction between PANi and Ag–V2O5. The remarkable outcomes obtained from these electrode materials have the potential to foster novel prospects in high-energy-density storage systems.
{"title":"An insight into synergistic effect of polyaniline and noble metal (Ag) on vanadium pentoxide nanorods for enhanced energe storage performance","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2024.101440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2024.101440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread applications of vanadium pentoxide (V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) are limited because of its low electrical conductivity and restricted ion diffusion coefficient. To address these constraints, the present study includes a straightforward and effective approach for fabricating polyaniline based silver-decorated vanadium pentoxide (Ag–V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/PANi) as an electrode material. The structural and morphological investigation of prepared electrode materials were made by X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy respectively. In comparison to pure Ag–V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, the Ag–V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/PANi composite demonstrated enhanced performance in various aspects. Specifically, the Ag–V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/PANi showed a higher specific capacitance (628 Fg<sup>−1</sup>) when subjected to a current density (1 Ag<sup>−1</sup>) in KOH electrolyte. Additionally, it has an energy density of 153 Whkg<sup>−1</sup>. Furthermore, the Ag–V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/PANi composite exhibited superior stability even after undergoing 3000 charge to discharge cycles. Exceptional capabilities shown can be ascribed to synergistic interaction between PANi and Ag–V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>. The remarkable outcomes obtained from these electrode materials have the potential to foster novel prospects in high-energy-density storage systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2024.101437
The periodic colored polymer bands have been investigated in frontal polymerization (FP) reaction containing methacrylic acid (MAA), hydroquinone, Benzoyl peroxide (BP), and N, N Dimethyl aniline (DMA) system. The MAA acts as a monomer, which was diluted adequately with methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), and butanol (BuOH) separately to observe the patterning characteristics in different reaction schemes. The structural modulations that include the periodicity of colored polymer bands, morphological changes, and spacings between two adjacent layers were studied. The colored variations of polymer bands and their dependency on the concentration of BP, hydroquinone and alcoholic compositions have been studied. The highly consistent pink-white colored polymer bands, loosely-packed band structures, and perfectly ordered band structures resulted in MeOH, EtOH, and BuOH systems, respectively, as discussed. The evolution of tiny bubbles and convection-type instability has been observed in different conditions of the FP reactions that significantly affect the planar movement of the polymer fronts. The hot spots, which usually represent the high-temperature regions of a typical frontal surface, have also been demonstrated in all reacting systems, which may cause spin mode propagation of the fronts and change the surface geometry, as described. The materials characterization was carried out using UV–visible spectrophotometer, NMR, FTIR, and FESEM techniques, providing information about the polymer phases involved in band structures, composition, and surface properties. The analytical data and results obtained during the study further emphasized that two different colored polymers, namely 1, 4-dihydroxy anthraquinone methacrylic acid and poly-methacrylic acid dihydroxy, anthraquinone produced simultaneously and crystallized periodically, results in the development of a colored polymer band structures. The possible reactions and associated chemical mechanisms concerning the observations, the nature of the monomer, and solvent characteristics have been proposed, which show a close agreement with the analytical data and results obtained during the study.
{"title":"Structural modulation in colored polymer bands of methacrylic acid-based frontal polymerization","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2024.101437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2024.101437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The periodic colored polymer bands have been investigated in frontal polymerization (FP) reaction containing methacrylic acid (MAA), hydroquinone, Benzoyl peroxide (BP), and N, N Dimethyl aniline (DMA) system. The MAA acts as a monomer, which was diluted adequately with methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), and butanol (BuOH) separately to observe the patterning characteristics in different reaction schemes. The structural modulations that include the periodicity of colored polymer bands, morphological changes, and spacings between two adjacent layers were studied. The colored variations of polymer bands and their dependency on the concentration of BP, hydroquinone and alcoholic compositions have been studied. The highly consistent pink-white colored polymer bands, loosely-packed band structures, and perfectly ordered band structures resulted in MeOH, EtOH, and BuOH systems, respectively, as discussed. The evolution of tiny bubbles and convection-type instability has been observed in different conditions of the FP reactions that significantly affect the planar movement of the polymer fronts. The hot spots, which usually represent the high-temperature regions of a typical frontal surface, have also been demonstrated in all reacting systems, which may cause spin mode propagation of the fronts and change the surface geometry, as described. The materials characterization was carried out using UV–visible spectrophotometer, NMR, FTIR, and FESEM techniques, providing information about the polymer phases involved in band structures, composition, and surface properties. The analytical data and results obtained during the study further emphasized that two different colored polymers, namely 1, 4-dihydroxy anthraquinone methacrylic acid and poly-methacrylic acid dihydroxy, anthraquinone produced simultaneously and crystallized periodically, results in the development of a colored polymer band structures. The possible reactions and associated chemical mechanisms concerning the observations, the nature of the monomer, and solvent characteristics have been proposed, which show a close agreement with the analytical data and results obtained during the study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2024.101430
A simple, efficient and scalable methodology has been developed for the synthesis of Metopimazine, a dopamine D2–receptor antagonist. Starting from nitrophenylthio substituted methylsulfonyl benzenamine subjected to simple N–formylation using formic acid followed by base–catalysed cyclization resulted the formation of 2–(methylsulfonyl)–10H–phenothiazine. This method does not involve the conventional peracid oxidation that exemplifies the formation of several oxidized species that are tedious to separate. The later derivative is proven effective in the synthesis of title active pharmaceutical ingredient via N–chloroproylation followed by treating piperidine–4–carboxamide resulted in the formation of Metopimazine in high yield. The potential genotoxic impurities such as nitroaromatic derivatives were effectively removed by reduction using simple zinc dust formic acid treatment, which effectually converts nitro derivatives into amine hydrochlorides that are water soluble. Similarly, the N–alkylation of phenothiazine derivative forms potential impurities such as the formation of N–allyl and propyl bridged dimer derivatives that are removed by effective recrystallization. This method has been scaled up and evidenced no compromise with the yield and hence can be considered as industry ready.
{"title":"Simple and robust method for the synthesis of Metopimazine by utilising smile’s rearrangement. Elimination of genotoxic impurities via derivatization","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2024.101430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2024.101430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A simple, efficient and scalable methodology has been developed for the synthesis of Metopimazine, a dopamine D<sub>2</sub>–receptor antagonist. Starting from nitrophenylthio substituted methylsulfonyl benzenamine subjected to simple N–formylation using formic acid followed by base–catalysed cyclization resulted the formation of 2–(methylsulfonyl)–10H–phenothiazine. This method does not involve the conventional peracid oxidation that exemplifies the formation of several oxidized species that are tedious to separate. The later derivative is proven effective in the synthesis of title active pharmaceutical ingredient <em>via</em> N–chloroproylation followed by treating piperidine–4–carboxamide resulted in the formation of Metopimazine in high yield. The potential genotoxic impurities such as nitroaromatic derivatives were effectively removed by reduction using simple zinc dust formic acid treatment, which effectually converts nitro derivatives into amine hydrochlorides that are water soluble. Similarly, the N–alkylation of phenothiazine derivative forms potential impurities such as the formation of N–allyl and propyl bridged dimer derivatives that are removed by effective recrystallization. This method has been scaled up and evidenced no compromise with the yield and hence can be considered as industry ready.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2024.101432
In this work, vanadium nitride (VN) thin films were deposited on porous silicon using the DC sputtering technique. The porous silicon was prepared using the electrochemical etching method at various current densities. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV–visible spectrometry, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy were used to study the structural, morphological, chemical, and optical characteristics of the vanadium nitride and porous silicon. X-ray diffraction studies showed that the deposited vanadium nitride film was crystalline in nature with a cubic structure. The VN particles were found to be embedded inside the pores of the porous silicon. The crystallite size of the VN film was 8 nm. The optical absorption results showed that the optical energy gap of vanadium nitride was 2.98 eV. The photoluminescence spectra revealed the presence of four emission peaks located at 441, 496, 541, and 720 nm. The electrical properties of the VN/PSi heterojunction, including dark and illuminated current-voltage characteristics as a function of etching current density, were investigated. The best ideality factor was 3.1 for heterojunction prepared at a current density of 8 mA/cm2. A responsivity of 3.7 A/W and a detectivity of 6.5 × 1011 Jones at 500 nm were found for the photodetector fabricated at a current density of 8 mA/cm2. The (I-t) response of the photodetectors were determined.
{"title":"Enhancement of optoelectronic properties of Vanadium nitride/porous silicon heterojunction photodetector prepared by electrochemical etching and reactive DC sputtering","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2024.101432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2024.101432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, vanadium nitride (VN) thin films were deposited on porous silicon using the DC sputtering technique. The porous silicon was prepared using the electrochemical etching method at various current densities. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV–visible spectrometry, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy were used to study the structural, morphological, chemical, and optical characteristics of the vanadium nitride and porous silicon. X-ray diffraction studies showed that the deposited vanadium nitride film was crystalline in nature with a cubic structure. The VN particles were found to be embedded inside the pores of the porous silicon. The crystallite size of the VN film was 8 nm. The optical absorption results showed that the optical energy gap of vanadium nitride was 2.98 eV. The photoluminescence spectra revealed the presence of four emission peaks located at 441, 496, 541, and 720 nm. The electrical properties of the VN/PSi heterojunction, including dark and illuminated current-voltage characteristics as a function of etching current density, were investigated. The best ideality factor was 3.1 for heterojunction prepared at a current density of 8 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>. A responsivity of 3.7 A/W and a detectivity of 6.5 × 10<sup>11</sup> Jones at 500 nm were found for the photodetector fabricated at a current density of 8 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>. The (I-t) response of the photodetectors were determined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2024.101421
In this study, eco-hydroxyapatite (e-HAP) was synthesized from marble sludge via a hydrothermal process for utilization as an adsorbent in the removal of Pb2+ ions from wastewater. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and thermal field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) revealed that increasing the Ca/P molar ratio (CPMR) and hydrothermal temperature (HT) increased crystallinity and that the influence of HT was more apparent. An increase in crystallinity, crystal length, and peak intensity was observed following an increase in the CPMR. Adsorption studies show that when the HT was 393 K, the CPMR was 0.67, the initial Pb2+ ion concentration was 100 mg/L, the equilibrium time was 20 min, and the adsorbent dosage was 0.6 g/L. The resulting removal efficiency (99.99 %) and maximum adsorption capacity (166.65 mg/g) are both very high. Adsorption kinetics are well described using a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. This paper presents a facile and economically sustainable approach to the synthesis of e-HAP from marble sludge for use in removing of Pb2+ from wastewater.
{"title":"Enhanced lead adsorption by eco-hydroxyapatite derived from marble sludge: Optimization and kinetic study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2024.101421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2024.101421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, eco-hydroxyapatite (e-HAP) was synthesized from marble sludge via a hydrothermal process for utilization as an adsorbent in the removal of Pb<sup>2+</sup> ions from wastewater. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and thermal field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) revealed that increasing the Ca/P molar ratio (CPMR) and hydrothermal temperature (HT) increased crystallinity and that the influence of HT was more apparent. An increase in crystallinity, crystal length, and peak intensity was observed following an increase in the CPMR. Adsorption studies show that when the HT was 393 K, the CPMR was 0.67, the initial Pb<sup>2+</sup> ion concentration was 100 mg/L, the equilibrium time was 20 min, and the adsorbent dosage was 0.6 g/L. The resulting removal efficiency (99.99 %) and maximum adsorption capacity (166.65 mg/g) are both very high. Adsorption kinetics are well described using a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. This paper presents a facile and economically sustainable approach to the synthesis of e-HAP from marble sludge for use in removing of Pb<sup>2+</sup> from wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2024.101434
This work explores the enhancement of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) by using magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) that have been green-synthesized, with carambola extract acting as a natural dye sensitizer. Green synthesis minimizes the negative effects of traditional synthesis methods on the environment by providing a sustainable and ecologically friendly way to produce MgO NPs. To increase their effectiveness in DSSC applications, the synthesized nanoparticles underwent optimization. The morphology and size distribution of MgO NPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which revealed spherical forms with a consistent size distribution. The crystalline nature of the MgO NPs was verified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), which revealed distinctive peaks that correspond to the bulk MgO crystal planes. A band gap of 3.5 eV, appropriate for UV region absorption, was found using UV–visible spectroscopy. FT-IR (Fourier-transform infrared) spectroscopy revealed information about their molecular compositions. Positive electronic characteristics, such as a negative total energy change (ΔE_T) and a high electrophilicity index (ω), which indicates effective charge transfer, were found through computational analysis. The light harvesting efficiency (LHE) value of 0.00459 signifies optimal light absorption capability by the dye molecule. The outcomes show that MgO NPs that have undergone green synthesis have the potential to be efficient and stable sensitizers for DSSCs. In addition to highlighting the significance of green synthesis techniques in nanomaterial research for renewable energy applications, this work advances the development of efficient and sustainable solar energy systems.
这项研究探讨了如何利用绿色合成的氧化镁纳米粒子（MgO NPs）增强染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSC）的性能，苌楚提取物是一种天然染料敏化剂。绿色合成提供了一种可持续的生态友好型氧化镁纳米粒子生产方法，从而最大限度地减少了传统合成方法对环境的负面影响。为了提高其在 DSSC 应用中的有效性，对合成的纳米粒子进行了优化。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对氧化镁 NPs 的形态和尺寸分布进行了表征，结果显示其呈球形，尺寸分布一致。氧化镁 NPs 的结晶性质通过 X 射线衍射 (XRD) 得到验证，XRD 显示了与块状氧化镁晶面相对应的独特峰值。利用紫外可见光谱发现了 3.5 eV 的带隙，适合紫外区吸收。傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）显示了它们的分子组成信息。通过计算分析发现了积极的电子特性，如负总能量变化（ΔE_T）和高亲电指数（ω），这表明电荷转移有效。光收集效率（LHE）值为 0.00459，表明染料分子具有最佳的光吸收能力。研究结果表明，经过绿色合成的氧化镁纳米粒子有望成为高效、稳定的 DSSC 感光剂。除了强调绿色合成技术在可再生能源应用纳米材料研究中的重要意义外，这项工作还推动了高效和可持续太阳能系统的发展。
{"title":"Optimization, imaging and LHE analysis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles synthesized with carambola extract as natural dye sensitizer","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jics.2024.101434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jics.2024.101434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work explores the enhancement of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) by using magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) that have been green-synthesized, with <em>carambola</em> extract acting as a natural dye sensitizer. Green synthesis minimizes the negative effects of traditional synthesis methods on the environment by providing a sustainable and ecologically friendly way to produce MgO NPs. To increase their effectiveness in DSSC applications, the synthesized nanoparticles underwent optimization. The morphology and size distribution of MgO NPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which revealed spherical forms with a consistent size distribution. The crystalline nature of the MgO NPs was verified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), which revealed distinctive peaks that correspond to the bulk MgO crystal planes. A band gap of 3.5 eV, appropriate for UV region absorption, was found using UV–visible spectroscopy. FT-IR (Fourier-transform infrared) spectroscopy revealed information about their molecular compositions. Positive electronic characteristics, such as a negative total energy change (ΔE_T) and a high electrophilicity index (ω), which indicates effective charge transfer, were found through computational analysis. The light harvesting efficiency (LHE) value of 0.00459 signifies optimal light absorption capability by the dye molecule. The outcomes show that MgO NPs that have undergone green synthesis have the potential to be efficient and stable sensitizers for DSSCs. In addition to highlighting the significance of green synthesis techniques in nanomaterial research for renewable energy applications, this work advances the development of efficient and sustainable solar energy systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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