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Self-consistent description of relaxation processes in systems with ultra- and deep-strong coupling 超强和深强耦合系统松弛过程的自洽描述
4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 OPTICS Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.1364/josab.501199
Timofey Sergeev, Alexander Zyablovsky, E. Andrianov, Yurii Lozovik
An ultra-strong coupling regime takes place in a compound system when a coupling strength between the subsystems exceeds one-tenth of the system eigenfrequency. It transforms into a deep-strong coupling regime when the coupling strength exceeds the system eigenfrequency. In these regimes, there are difficulties with the description of relaxation processes without explicit consideration of environmental degrees of freedom. To correctly evaluate the relaxation rates, it is necessary to consider the interaction of the system with its environment taking into account the counter-rotating wave and diamagnetic terms. We develop a self-consistent theory for the calculation of the relaxation rates in the systems, in which the coupling strength is of the order of the system eigenfrequency. We demonstrate that the increase in the coupling strength can lead to a significant decrease in the relaxation rates. In particular, we show that, for frequency-independent density of states of the environment, the relaxation rates decrease exponentially with the increase in the coupling strength. This fact can be used to suppress losses by tuning the strength coupling and the environment states.
当子系统之间的耦合强度超过系统本征频率的十分之一时,复合系统就会出现超强耦合状态。当耦合强度超过系统特征频率时,系统进入深强耦合状态。在这些制度中,如果不明确考虑环境自由度,就难以描述松弛过程。为了正确地评估弛豫率,有必要考虑系统与环境的相互作用,同时考虑反旋转波和反磁项。我们提出了一种计算系统弛豫率的自洽理论,其中耦合强度是系统本征频率的阶。我们证明了耦合强度的增加可以导致弛豫速率的显著降低。特别是,我们表明,对于与频率无关的环境态密度,弛豫率随着耦合强度的增加呈指数下降。这一事实可用于通过调整强度耦合和环境状态来抑制损耗。
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引用次数: 0
Optimization of p-i-n GaAs/AlGaAs Heterojunction Nanowire Solar Cell for Improved Optical and Electrical Properties p-i-n GaAs/AlGaAs异质结纳米线太阳能电池光电性能优化研究
4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 OPTICS Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1364/josab.492196
Sambuddha Majumder, Krishnanunni A, Sooraj Ravindran
GaAs/AlGaAs based nanowires are promising candidates for photovoltaic applications due to their high absorption coefficient, low surface reflection, and efficient collection of photogenerated carriers. This study focuses on optimizing the performance of p-i-n GaAs/AlGaAs nanowire solar cell arrays having a radial junction using optoelectronic simulations. The research investigates the optimal doping for the GaAs core and AlGaAs shell, as well as the impact of shell thickness and junction positions on solar cell performance. Additionally, the study examines the effect of various surface effects, including the presence of surface traps, surface recombination velocities, and associated lifetime degradation. Our studies find that a high doping density for the shell and core region is crucial for achieving an appropriate band configuration and carrier extraction. It also highlights that having a larger doping density is more important than having a larger lifetime. Finally, the research examines the effect of different aluminum compositions on photogeneration inside the nanowire and shows that having a high aluminum composition can confine most photogeneration to inner GaAs regions, potentially allowing for thicker AlGaAs shells, which can efficiently prevent surface recombination.
基于GaAs/AlGaAs的纳米线具有高吸收系数、低表面反射和高效收集光生载流子的优点,是光伏应用的有希望的候选者。本研究的重点是利用光电模拟优化具有径向结的p-i-n GaAs/AlGaAs纳米线太阳能电池阵列的性能。研究了GaAs核心和AlGaAs壳层的最佳掺杂方式,以及壳层厚度和结位置对太阳能电池性能的影响。此外,该研究还考察了各种表面效应的影响,包括表面陷阱的存在、表面复合速度和相关的寿命退化。我们的研究发现,壳区和核心区的高掺杂密度对于实现适当的能带配置和载流子提取至关重要。它还强调了具有更大的掺杂密度比具有更长的寿命更重要。最后,该研究考察了不同铝成分对纳米线内部光生成的影响,并表明具有高铝成分可以将大部分光生成限制在内部GaAs区域,可能允许更厚的AlGaAs壳,这可以有效地防止表面重组。
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引用次数: 0
Properties of the Hermite-Gaussian beams via the quantum potential 厄米高斯光束通过量子势的性质
4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 OPTICS Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1364/josab.499272
Gilberto Silva-Ortigoza, Ernesto Ramos, EDNA GOCHICOA-FUENTES, Ramón Silva-Ortigoza
In this work we compute, via the quantum potential approach, the Hamiltonian system determined by Hermite–Gaussian beams. Then we show that the integral curves of the Poynting vector, exact optics energy trajectories, conform to a subset of solutions to the corresponding Hamilton equations lying on hyperboloidal surfaces. The geometrical light rays associated with these beams are given by the tangent lines to the integral curves of the Poynting vector at the zeroes of the quantum potential, and the caustic region coincides with the zeroes of quantum potential and quantum force. One of the main contributions of this work is to present the relationship between the physical phase k Φ, the geometrical-optics phase k Φ G , and the quantum potential Q HG in the Hermite–Gaussian beams. Furthermore, note that for any solution to the paraxial wave equation in free space, the tangent lines to the integral curves of the Poynting vector that correspond to the geometric light rays are those that pass through the points where the region determined by zeroes of the quantum potential is tangent to the geometrical caustic determined by the geometric light rays .
在这项工作中,我们通过量子势方法计算了由厄米-高斯光束决定的哈密顿系统。然后我们证明了坡印亭矢量的积分曲线,精确光学能量轨迹,符合相应的汉密尔顿方程在双曲面上的一个解子集。与这些光束相关的几何光线由坡印亭矢量积分曲线在量子势零点处的切线给出,焦散区与量子势和量子力零点重合。本工作的主要贡献之一是提出了厄米高斯光束中物理相位k Φ、几何光学相位k Φ G和量子势Q HG之间的关系。此外,请注意,对于自由空间中傍轴波动方程的任何解,对应于几何光线的坡印亭矢量积分曲线的切线是通过由量子势的零点决定的区域与由几何光线决定的几何焦散相切的点的切线。
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引用次数: 0
Damage, waveguide and electrical properties in (La, Sr)(Al, Ta)O3 single crystal irradiated with carbon ions 碳离子辐照下(La, Sr)(Al, Ta)O3单晶的损伤、波导和电学性质
4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 OPTICS Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1364/josab.501291
Mei Qiao, Tie-Jun Wang, Yong Liu, Tao Liu, Zhenxing Wang, Wanling Cui, Xiaoxin Wang, Xin Li, shicai xu
The (La, Sr)(Al, Ta)O 3 crystal was irradiated via 20.0 MeV C ion with fluence of 1.0×10 15 ions/cm 2 . The Rutherford backscattering (RBS)/channeling spectra, the hardness and elastic modulus as continuous functions of the depth, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are used to analyze the irradiation damage, hardness, and structural changes in the near-surface area of samples. Prism coupling and end-face coupling methods were used to study the changes of optical waveguide properties under different annealing conditions. Considering the potential applications of low-loss waveguide structure in photoelectric sensors, electrical properties of (La, Sr)(Al, Ta)O 3 samples were studied as an important detection indicator of sensors.
(La, Sr)(Al, Ta) o3晶体经20.0 MeV C离子辐照,辐照量为1.0×10 15 ions/ cm2。利用卢瑟福后向散射(RBS)/通道光谱、硬度和弹性模量作为深度的连续函数,以及x射线衍射(XRD)分析了样品近表面的辐照损伤、硬度和结构变化。采用棱镜耦合和端面耦合的方法研究了不同退火条件下光波导性能的变化。考虑到低损耗波导结构在光电传感器中的潜在应用,将(La, Sr)(Al, Ta) o3样品的电学性能作为传感器的重要检测指标进行了研究。
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引用次数: 0
Predicting Refractive Index of Thin-Film Alloys by Extension from the Main Metal 用主金属引申法预测薄膜合金折射率
4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 OPTICS Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1364/josab.497825
Guowen Ding, Tevin Ding, Daniel Lin
Due to dependence of nanostructural material properties on the deposition conditions, the refractive index (RI) of a thin-metal alloy can vary by over 100×. For a more accurate RI estimation of thin-film alloys under a specific deposition condition, a model of RI for untested alloys is derived by extension from the alloy’s main element properties. One of the key derivations is to simplify RI polynomial equations into monomial expressions through four assumptions. Thus, a ratio method can accurately predict the RI of thin-film alloys from the properties of their main metals under the same deposition condition. The model is valid in the red to infrared spectrum for thin-film alloys MX where M is one of copper, silver, or gold and X is one or more elements with total concentration <10%.
由于沉积条件对纳米结构材料性能的影响,薄金属合金的折射率变化可达100倍以上。为了在特定沉积条件下更准确地估计薄膜合金的RI,通过扩展合金的主要元素特性,导出了未经测试的合金的RI模型。其中一个关键的推导是通过四个假设将RI多项式方程简化为单项式表达式。因此,比值法可以根据主金属的性质准确预测相同沉积条件下薄膜合金的RI。该模型适用于薄膜合金MX的红-红外光谱,其中M是铜、银或金中的一种,X是总浓度为10%的一种或多种元素。
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引用次数: 0
Accurate inverse design for high-efficiency and broadband terahertz devices by co-simulation with genetic algorithms 基于遗传算法联合仿真的高效宽带太赫兹器件精确反设计
4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 OPTICS Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1364/josab.496383
Ming Zhang, Junyao Zhang, Ming Cui, Peng Dong, Baozhu Wang, Lin Yang, Xiuqing Zhang
In this study, we combined MATLAB with the rigorous electromagnetic field simulation software Computer Simulation Technology to perform a co-simulation method for inverse design of high-efficiency and broadband THz metasurface devices. In the proposed design method, genetic algorithm (GA) is embedded to realize automatic and inverse design. Aiming toward the different requirements of high-efficiency and broadband THz metasurface devices, different objective functions are set to optimize the design of different types of THz metasurface devices. Based on the rigorous electromagnetic simulation and genetic algorithm, the proposed design method can realize automatic and inverse design with high reliability, compared to the theoretical model based on catenary e-field theory. This study provides an important guiding role and an efficient method for designing and optimizing required metasurface devices with practical applied value.
在本研究中,我们结合MATLAB和严格的电磁场仿真软件Computer simulation Technology,对高效宽带太赫兹超表面器件的反设计进行了联合仿真方法。在该设计方法中,嵌入遗传算法,实现自动逆设计。针对高效、宽带太赫兹元表面器件的不同要求,设置不同的目标函数,优化不同类型太赫兹元表面器件的设计。与基于接触网电场理论的理论模型相比,该设计方法基于严格的电磁仿真和遗传算法,可实现高可靠性的自动反设计。该研究为设计和优化所需的超表面器件提供了重要的指导作用和有效的方法,具有实际应用价值。
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引用次数: 0
Free-induction-decay magnetometer with enhanced optical pumping 具有增强光泵浦的自由感应衰减磁强计
4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 OPTICS Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1364/josab.501086
Dominic Hunter, Marcin Mrozowski, Allan McWilliam, Stuart Ingleby, Terry Dyer, Paul Griffin, Erling Riis
Spin preparation prior to a free-induction-decay (FID) measurement can be adversely affected by transverse bias fields, particularly in the geophysical field range. A strategy that enhances the spin polarization accumulated before readout is demonstrated, by synchronizing optical pumping with a magnetic field pulse that supersedes any transverse fields by over two orders of magnitude. The pulsed magnetic field is generated along the optical pumping axis using a compact electromagnetic coil pair encompassing a micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) vapor cell. The coils also resistively heat the cesium vapor to the optimal atomic density without spurious magnetic field contributions as they are rapidly demagnetized to approximately zero field during spin readout. The demagnetization process is analyzed electronically, and directly with a FID measurement, to confirm that the residual magnetic field is minimal during detection. The sensitivity performance of this technique is compared to existing optical pumping modalities across a wide magnetic field range. A noise floor sensitivity of 238fT/Hz was achieved in a field of approximately 50 µT, in close agreement with the Cramér–Rao lower bound predicted noise density of 258fT/Hz.
自由电感衰减(FID)测量前的自旋制备会受到横向偏置场的不利影响,特别是在地球物理场范围内。一种策略,提高自旋极化积累前读出演示,通过同步光泵浦与磁场脉冲,取代任何横向场超过两个数量级。脉冲磁场沿光泵浦轴产生,使用紧凑的电磁线圈对包围微机电系统(MEMS)蒸气池。线圈也电阻加热铯蒸气到最佳的原子密度,没有虚假的磁场贡献,因为它们在自旋读出期间迅速退磁到大约为零的场。消磁过程通过电子方式进行分析,并直接使用FID测量,以确认在检测过程中残余磁场最小。将该技术的灵敏度性能与现有的光泵浦方式在宽磁场范围内进行了比较。在大约50µT的场域中,噪声底灵敏度达到238fT/Hz,与cram r - rao下限预测的258fT/Hz噪声密度密切一致。
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引用次数: 0
Butterfly-shaped and dromion-like optical similaritons in asymmetric twin-core fiber amplifier 非对称双芯光纤放大器中蝴蝶形和子形光学相似性
4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 OPTICS Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1364/josab.501345
Soloman Thokala, Ashwin Myakalwar
Butterfly-shaped and dromion-like optical waves in a tapered graded-index waveguide (GRIN) with an external source are reported for the first time, to our knowledge. More pertinently, we obtain these waves both analytically and numerically in a generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation (GNLSE), which describes self-similar wave propagation in GRIN with variable group-velocity dispersion (GVD), nonlinearity, gain, and source. The proposed GNLSE appertains to the study of similariton propagation through asymmetric twin-core fiber amplifiers. Dromion-like structures, which have generally been investigated in the (2+1) or higher dimensional systems, are reported in the (1+1) dimensional GNLSE with an external source. Herein, we introduce the concept of soliton management when the variable group-velocity dispersion and Kerr nonlinearity functions are suggested. For example, when the GVD parameter is perturbed, we observe the emergence of vibration of dromion-like structures. Then the dromion-like structure is transformed into oscillation by the modulation instability of the modified coefficient of the Gaussian GVD function, exhibiting interference based on two dromion-like structures. Additionally, the phenomenon of unbreakable P T symmetry of these nonlinear waves has been demonstrated for three explicit examples.
据我们所知,首次报道了有外源的锥形梯度折射率波导(GRIN)中的蝴蝶形和飞蛾状光波。更有针对性的是,我们在广义非线性Schrödinger方程(GNLSE)中得到了这些波的解析和数值,该方程描述了具有变群速色散(GVD),非线性,增益和源的GRIN中的自相似波传播。提出的GNLSE适用于非对称双芯光纤放大器的相似传播研究。通常在(2+1)或更高维度系统中研究的类宿子结构,在有外源的(1+1)维GNLSE中被报道。本文在引入变群速色散和克尔非线性函数时引入了孤子管理的概念。例如,当GVD参数被摄动时,我们观察到类星形结构出现振动。然后利用高斯GVD函数修正系数的调制不稳定性将类宿子结构转化为振荡,表现出基于两个类宿子结构的干涉。此外,通过三个明确的例子证明了这些非线性波的不可破P T对称现象。
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引用次数: 0
A Review of Diffractive Deep Neural Networks 衍射深度神经网络研究进展
4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 OPTICS Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1364/josab.497148
Yichen Sun, mingli dong, Mingxin Yu, xiaolin liu, Lianqing Zhu
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引用次数: 0
Ultrawide tunable terahertz phase shifter based on double-layer liquid crystal-dielectric grating 基于双层液晶-介质光栅的超宽可调谐太赫兹移相器
4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 OPTICS Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1364/josab.497577
Songlin Jiang, Fei Fan, Yun-Yun Ji, Huijun Zhao, Jie -Rong Cheng, Xianghui Wang, Shengjiang Chang
The ultrawide tunable terahertz (THz) phase shifter has always been in high demand by THz applications, especially in terms of broadband transmission and phase modulation. In this paper, we design and fabricate a composite device that combines a double-layer liquid crystal (LC) with a double-sided etched grating metasurface. By introducing the natural anisotropy of LC based on the artificial anisotropy of the metasurface, the anisotropy of the device is significantly enhanced, and this anisotropy can be dynamically modulated by an external field. When the LC molecules rotate in the x − y plane, the experimental results show that the phase difference can vary between −83 ∘ and 277° at 0.52 THz with a large phase-shift modulation depth of 360° (i.e., 2 π ). The same phase-shift modulation depth can be obtained when the LC molecules rotate in the x − z plane, in which the phase difference can vary between 207° and 567° at 1.14 THz. Our proposed composite device shows an ultrawide phase shift regulation and an ultra-large phase-shift modulation depth in the THz regime, which may provide a new strategy for various THz phase and polarization devices.
超宽可调谐太赫兹(THz)移相器一直是太赫兹应用的高需求器件,特别是在宽带传输和相位调制方面。本文设计并制作了一种双层液晶与双面刻蚀光栅超表面相结合的复合器件。通过在超表面人为各向异性的基础上引入LC的自然各向异性,器件的各向异性得到了显著增强,并且这种各向异性可以通过外场进行动态调制。实验结果表明,当LC分子在x - y平面上旋转时,在0.52 THz下相位差可在- 83°和277°之间变化,相移调制深度可达360°(即2 π)。当LC分子在x - z平面旋转时,可以获得相同的相移调制深度,在1.14 THz时,相位差可以在207°到567°之间变化。我们所提出的复合器件在太赫兹波段具有超宽的相移调节和超大的相移调制深度,这可能为各种太赫兹相位和极化器件提供新的策略。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of The Optical Society of America B-optical Physics
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