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Organic management improved the multifunctionality in recolonization soil by increasing microbial diversity and function 有机管理通过提高微生物多样性和功能,改善了再殖土壤的多功能性
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14637
Taobing Yu, Ruoqi Yang, Xintian Jie, Tengxiang Lian, Huadong Zang, Zhaohai Zeng, Yadong Yang

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有机管理能促进独特而稳定的土壤微生物群落的形成,然而,有机管理对灭菌土壤微生物群落的时间恢复和多功能性的影响仍然知之甚少。我们使用扩增子测序法和元基因组测序法研究了长期有机和常规管理土壤中的微生物群落对恢复土壤微生物组和功能的影响。我们采用平均法计算了土壤在重新定殖 30 天和 90 天时的多功能性。结果表明,与常规管理(C)相比,有机管理(O)显著提高了微生物群落的α多样性、生态位宽度和网络复杂性。有机土壤悬浮液土壤中微生物群落的阿尔法多样性、生态位宽度和网络复杂性在重新定殖的第 30 天和第 90 天明显高于常规管理。接种了有机土壤悬浮剂(OO)的灭菌有机管理土壤的土壤多功能性比其他处理高出 14.6% 至 70.6%。宏基因组分析表明,与 C 相比,O 显著富集了 ABC 转运体、碳代谢、氨基酸生物合成、双组分和氮代谢的功能途径,以及碳降解、碳固定、氮循环和磷循环的大部分功能基因。此外,微生物组的α多样性、生态位宽度、网络复杂性、功能途径和功能基因与土壤多功能性呈正相关。综述与应用。我们的研究结果强调了有机管理引起的微生物群落多样性、网络复杂性和功能性变化对促进土壤微生物和功能损失恢复的重要性,为农艺生产中有机管理对土壤微生物组和功能的可持续影响提供了理论基础。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Fractions of soil phosphorus mediated by rhizospheric phoD-harbouring bacteria of deep-rooted desert species are determined by fine-root traits 深根沙漠物种根瘤噬菌体所介导的土壤磷比例由细根特征决定
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14635
Yanju Gao, Akash Tariq, Fanjiang Zeng, Jordi Sardans, Dhafer A. Al-Bakre, Josep Peñuelas

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土壤磷(P)的可用性是决定陆地生态系统初级生产力的关键因素。缺磷条件下的植物功能特性和微生物可以做出积极反应,提高土壤中磷的生物利用率。然而,深根沙漠物种的细根性状(FRTs)是否和/或如何影响根瘤菌圈和土壤中的噬菌体群落,从而改善土壤钾的可利用性,目前仍不清楚。为了填补这一空白,我们利用 Alhagi sparsifolia Shap.(以下简称 Alhagi)进行了为期三年的人工室外盆栽钾供应实验。我们采集了 1 年生和 3 年生 Alhagi 幼苗的细根样本以及根瘤和块状土壤样本。通过高通量测序、连续提取和根系扫描,确定了土壤 phoD-harbouring 细菌群落、Hedley-P 分馏物和 FRTs。与高磷供应条件相比,无磷供应条件下的细根表面积(RSA)、比根长、叶面锰浓度(表明根部羧酸盐的释放量)和酸性磷酸酶(APase)活性都显著较高。3 年生幼苗的酸性磷酸酶活性比 1 年生幼苗高 27%,但叶面锰浓度却比 1 年生幼苗低 26%。在无磷酸盐供应条件下,3 年生幼苗根瘤中的可溶性磷酸盐、中度可溶性磷酸盐、无机磷酸盐和有机磷酸盐浓度分别比 1 年生幼苗高 5%、11%、10% 和 21%。RSA 和叶面锰浓度是 1 年生幼苗根瘤菌群落 phoD-harbouring 细菌群落的主要根部预测因子,而细根 P 浓度是 3 年生幼苗根瘤菌群落和土壤中大量 phoD-harbouring 细菌群落的主要根部预测因子。土壤含水量作为驱动 phoD-有害细菌群落变化的最主要土壤因子,其作用不容忽视。FRTs是直接正向决定根瘤菌群落并进而影响土壤钾供应的主要因素,但大体积土壤噬菌体群落受无机钾浓度的支配。随着植物的生长,细根形态特征对土壤钾供应的重要性逐渐增加。总之,我们的研究结果强调了根瘤层 phoD-有害细菌对土壤钾的生物利用率的重要意义,而根瘤层 phoD-有害细菌是由 FRTs 对土壤钾的生物利用率的影响决定的。
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引用次数: 0
Sex, flies and flower trap: Trapping trichomes and their function in pollination 性、苍蝇和花诱捕器:诱捕毛状体及其在授粉中的功能
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14633
Carlos A. Matallana-Puerto, Vinicius L. G. Brito, Vinícius C. Kuster, Paulo E. Oliveira, João C. F. Cardoso

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诱捕毛状体是原生雌性诱捕花的常见特征,被认为能与传粉者互动,促进花粉清除和坐果。在本研究中,我们通过实验测试了诱捕毛状体是否有利于诱捕花的雌雄功能。我们利用原生雌性的南美马兜铃(Aristolochia esperanzae)诱导花,观察了两种性功能的时间变化,并将它们与花的枯萎和诱导毛状体联系起来。接着,我们描述了与捕获、诱捕和释放传粉昆虫有关的诱捕毛状体特征。花朵在雌花期结束后枯萎,而诱捕毛状体在花粉呈现后数小时才枯萎,这促使传粉昆虫延迟离开,因此它们携带了花粉。诱捕毛状体的特征,如向管内的密度梯度、单向定向和表皮蜡质,可能是捕获和诱捕传粉昆虫的重要因素。这些结果表明,诱捕花中诱捕毛状体的进化和维持可能是通过来自两种性功能的选择压力实现的,并突出了它们在这一高度表型特化的授粉系统中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Ecological succession shapes size–density scaling relationships of trees and soil invertebrates 生态演替塑造了树木和土壤无脊椎动物的大小密度比例关系
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14636
Poppy Joaquina Romera, Kiri Joy Wallace, James K. McCarthy, Bibishan Rai, Grace Mitchell, Nico Eisenhauer, Christopher H. Lusk, Andrew D. Barnes

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据预测,在所有生命形式中,生物体大小与丰度之间广泛观察到的负比例关系具有一个普遍的-0.75比例指数。我们通过分析 183 个温带森林地块(包括城市次生林、城市原始森林和非城市天然林)中树木和土壤中无脊椎动物的大小-密度关系,探索了大小-密度比例关系对生态系统演替和生物特征的依赖性。随着小生物数量的增加,城市树木和无脊椎动物群落的比例关系指数随着恢复(人工)林分年龄的增加而逐渐变陡。相比之下,非城市树木的比例关系在演替过程中趋于平缓,指数偏离-0.75,而城市树木和无脊椎动物群落在演替后期趋向于这一预测。我们的研究结果揭示了跨越多个营养级的树木和土壤无脊椎动物群落的体型结构是如何随着演替时间的推移,随着大体型生物与小体型生物相对丰度的增加而变化的。这项研究强调了生物特征和生态系统演替对生物体型和丰度比例关系的基本影响。
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引用次数: 0
Root traits and soil legacies drive species competition outcomes 根系特征和土壤遗留物驱动物种竞争结果
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14631
Xilatu Dabu, Hui Ji, Liang Yang, T. Martijn Bezemer, Jingying Jing

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植物竞争不仅会受到植物功能特性的影响,还会受到土壤微生物介导的适应性差异的影响。干旱等气候条件会进一步影响植物竞争。然而,人们对土壤微生物和干旱如何与具有不同根系特征的植物物种相互作用以及如何影响植物竞争结果知之甚少。我们在中国温带草原上种植了三种共生植物(Stipa krylovii、Artemisia frigida、Agropyron cristatum),将其单株或混种,并将植物组合置于五种土壤接种体(S. krylovii、A. frigida、A. cristatum 的根相关土壤、三种根区土壤的等量混合物和灭菌土壤)以及干旱处理中。这三个物种在竞争能力上表现出明显的差异,A. cristatum > S. krylovii > A. frigida,土壤接种剂或干旱处理并没有改变顺序。植株的相对产量(RY)受土壤接种物、干旱和植株排列的影响。最强的竞争者 A. cristatum 具有较高的根系总长度、根系表面积和根系体积,经历了更多的生物负反馈,而干旱加剧了这些负效应的程度。相反,最弱的竞争者 A. frigida 具有较高的比根长度,往往具有中性或积极的生物反馈,而干旱则没有影响。此外,三个物种的 RY 和适应性差异(反映为混合物中的竞争能力)受根系性状和植物-土壤反馈的影响不同。A.cristatum的RY可以通过混合物中的反馈效应预测,而适应性差异主要与根系性状有关。A. frigida(最弱的竞争者)的有效年限和适应性差异都可以通过根系性状差异和反馈效应预测。我们的研究表明,共存物种的竞争结果取决于根系性状和混合物中特定物种的 PSF 效应。未来的工作应该研究植物竞争和土壤微生物异质性如何与气候变化共同影响植物共存的机制。
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引用次数: 0
Variation of root functional traits indicates flexible below-ground economic strategies of the riparian tree species Populus fremontii 根部功能特征的变化表明河岸树种白杨(Populus fremontii)灵活的地下经济战略
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14628
Elena A. Schaefer, Catherine A. Gehring, Richard P. Phillips, Emma Gadrat, Justine Karst

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植物-菌根类型被认为是植物功能特征的一个整合因素,但目前对这些关系的了解大多来自对不同植物类群的研究,在这些研究中,菌根类型的影响无法被分离出来。除了影响碳-养分交换外,与不同菌根类型结合的植物往往在多个性状上存在差异,从而对无数地下过程产生影响。我们利用两个种植有小叶杨(一种能同时与丛枝菌根真菌(AM)和外生菌根真菌(ECM)结合的树种)的普通花园,研究了菌根类型优势在多大程度上影响根系性状以及整个根系经济空间的性状关系。虽然P. fremontii同时形成了AM和ECM结合,但个体表现出的菌根类型优势主要受花园位置的影响。低海拔花园中的树木,无论产地如何,主要由 AM 真菌定殖,而高海拔花园中的树木主要由 ECM 真菌定殖。在低海拔花园的根系中,AM 真菌的定殖率与特定根长呈负相关,这表明对觅食根的投资是权衡利弊的结果。相反,在高海拔花园的根系中,ECM 的定植率与根组织密度呈负相关,这表明在资源获取与根系生长/防御之间可能存在权衡。菌根类型之间的所有其他根系经济性状保持相似。虽然以 AM 和 ECM 为主导的树木(和花园)之间的根系性状差别不大,但它们之间的关系在每个花园中都有所不同,这表明在一个物种中存在独特的策略和性状权衡。随着全球变化不断改变环境,像P. fremontii这样经历了一系列非生物条件的物种,可能预示着其他树种会如何改变根系的性状和策略以应对变化。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗摘要。
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引用次数: 0
The influence of pre‐exposure to marine heatwaves on the critical thermal maxima (CTmax) of marine foundation species 预暴露于海洋热浪对海洋基础物种临界最大热量(CTmax)的影响
IF 5.2 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14622
Nathan G. King, Tayla Leathers, Kathryn E. Smith, Dan A. Smale
<jats:list> <jats:list-item>Marine foundation species underpin some of the world's most diverse ecosystems but they are increasingly threatened by intensification of marine heatwaves (MHWs). Where MHWs exceed critical thermal maxima (CT<jats:sub>max</jats:sub>), increased mortality and population declines can occur. CT<jats:sub>max</jats:sub> is increasingly used to assess MHW population vulnerability but studies estimating CT<jats:sub>max</jats:sub> across species, range edges and thermal histories in a comparable manner remain lacking.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We determined the impact of MHWs on subsequent CT<jats:sub>max</jats:sub> estimates of matched cool/warm affinity pairs of marine foundation species (kelp, seagrass and bivalves) in the Western English Channel. Following a 4‐week MHW simulation, individuals were subjected to a CT<jats:sub>max</jats:sub> trial, where temperatures were raised by 2°C day<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> until physiological end points were reached.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We found no positive effect of MHWs on CT<jats:sub>max</jats:sub> but clear negative impacts were observed for some groups of foundation species. Increased MHW intensity had a stepwise negative impact on the physiology of both warm (<jats:italic>Laminaria ochroleuca</jats:italic>) and cool water (<jats:italic>L. digitata</jats:italic>) kelp species that manifested in significant reductions in CT<jats:sub>max</jats:sub>. Surprisingly, this was most marked in the warm water species, which runs opposite to the assumed safety of leading‐edge populations. The physiology of warm (<jats:italic>Zostera noltii</jats:italic>) and cool (<jats:italic>Z. marina</jats:italic>) seagrasses was negatively impacted by increasing MHW intensity but no significant decrease in CT<jats:sub>max</jats:sub> was observed. Both bivalve species (<jats:italic>Mytilus edulis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Magallana gigas</jats:italic>) showed marked resistance to exposure to MHWs, which was unexpected given the observed vulnerability of these species to stressful summertime conditions.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Our results show pre‐exposure to realistic MHWs can influence CT<jats:sub>max</jats:sub> values but generalities are difficult to make across groups or based on assumed thermal safety margins. We show CT<jats:sub>max</jats:sub> is a labile trait and exposure to MHWs, can erode the resilience of an individual or population to subsequent thermal challenges. This leaves uncertainty within frameworks built to understand where and when MHWs will be most impactful.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Further experimentation across a wider range of species and thermal challenges is needed to better understand the dynamic nature of CT<jats:sub>max</jats:sub> and field validation is needed to determine the responses of individuals and populations within complex natural systems.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>Read the free <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.o
海洋基础物种支撑着世界上一些最多样化的生态系统,但它们正日益受到海洋热浪(MHWs)加剧的威胁。当海洋热浪超过临界最大热量(CTmax)时,会导致死亡率上升和种群数量减少。临界最大热量(CTmax)越来越多地被用于评估MHW种群的脆弱性,但以可比方式估算不同物种、分布区边缘和热历史的临界最大热量(CTmax)的研究仍然缺乏。我们确定了 MHW 对英吉利海峡西部海洋基础物种(海带、海草和双壳类动物)冷/暖亲缘关系匹配对的后续 CTmax 估计值的影响。在进行为期 4 周的 MHW 模拟后,对个体进行 CTmax 试验,每天将温度提高 2°C,直至达到生理终点。我们发现,MHW 对 CTmax 没有积极影响,但对某些基础物种组有明显的负面影响。MHW强度的增加对温水(Laminaria ochroleuca)和凉水(L. digitata)海带物种的生理都有逐步的负面影响,表现为CTmax的显著降低。令人惊讶的是,这种情况在暖水性物种中最为明显,这与假定的前沿种群的安全性背道而驰。暖性海草(Zostera noltii)和冷性海草(Z. marina)的生理机能受到 MHW 强度增加的负面影响,但 CTmax 没有明显下降。双壳类物种(Mytilus edulis 和 Magallana gigas)对暴露于 MHWs 都表现出明显的抵抗力,这出乎我们的意料,因为这些物种容易受到夏季压力条件的影响。我们的研究结果表明,预先暴露于真实的MHWs会影响CTmax值,但很难在不同组别之间或基于假定的热安全系数做出概括。我们发现 CTmax 是一种易变的特征,暴露于 MHWs 会削弱个体或种群对后续热挑战的适应能力。这就给为了解高温热量在何时何地会产生最大影响而建立的框架留下了不确定性。为了更好地了解 CTmax 的动态性质,需要在更广泛的物种和热挑战中进行进一步实验,并需要进行实地验证,以确定复杂自然系统中个体和种群的反应。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Vegetative stage and soil horizon respectively determine direction and magnitude of rhizosphere priming effects in contrasting tree line soils 植被阶段和土壤层分别决定了树线对比土壤中根瘤效应的方向和大小
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14625
Jennifer Michel, Sébastien Fontaine, Sandrine Revaillot, Catherine Piccon-Cochard, Jeanette Whitaker

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

高纬度和高海拔地区的树线被认为是全球变化的哨兵。这表现为乔木和灌木的加速侵占以及植物生产力的提高,目前尚不清楚这对这些生物群落碳平衡的影响。鉴于许多树线土壤中存在大量的土壤有机碳储量,我们在此想知道,引入高产植物是否会通过根瘤效应加速碳循环,以及某些土壤是否会比其他土壤更容易受到正向引力的碳损失。为了验证这一点,我们在瑞典亚北极地区和秘鲁安第斯山脉的树线上下采集了有机土壤和矿物质土壤样本。然后进行了一项温室实验,利用自然丰度标记和 C4 种植物 Cynodon dactylon 来量化植物诱导的土壤矿化率变化(根瘤效应)和新碳形成。实验期间监测了一些环境、植物、土壤和微生物参数,以补充对土壤碳循环的观察。在实验开始时,引诱作用主要为正,然后在植物生长季节,所有土壤中的引诱作用系统性地减弱,到植物衰老期实验结束时,引诱作用主要为负。与引力的方向无关,有机土壤的引力总是大于相应的矿质土壤,而矿质土壤的 C 含量较高最能说明这一点。综合整个研究期间的情况来看,引肥(正向和负向)对土壤碳平衡的总体影响大多可以忽略不计。尽管在瑞典亚北极苔原的有机土壤中观察到了土壤碳的净损失。最值得注意的是,根据取样时间的不同,正负引物效应并不相互排斥,而是普遍存在于不同的生态系统中。引效应的方向似乎随着植物生产力、根瘤菌圈碳输入量和养分吸收量的变化而波动。这突出表明,如果我们想了解生态系统尺度上的引诱效应,就需要进行长期的综合研究,而且温室和实验室研究必须经过现场验证,以实现可靠的生态升级。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Differential root nutrient-acquisition strategies underlie biogeochemical niche separation between grasses and forbs across grassland biomes 草地生物群落中禾本科植物和草本植物之间生物地球化学生态位分离的根源在于不同的根系养分获取策略
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14629
Na Zhou, Haigang Li, Baolan Wang, Zed Rengel, Hongbo Li

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

植物营养成分是确定植物生态策略和生态位分化的可靠工具。在此,我们旨在(i)揭示共存草原物种之间不同叶片养分组成的潜在生理机制;(ii)阐明分类和环境条件在这些组成中的作用。在地方(草原)尺度上,我们测量了18个共存物种的根系形态和生理特征、光合参数以及叶片中六种宏量营养元素(氮、磷、硒、钾、钙和镁)和四种微量营养元素(铁、锰、锌和铜)的浓度。在区域尺度上,我们测量了内蒙古温带草甸、典型草地、荒漠草地和盐碱草地中76个草地物种组合的叶面宏量和微量营养元素浓度。在全国范围内,我们收集了中国新疆、青藏和内蒙古草原上 513 个地点-物种组合的叶面宏量营养素浓度数据。与牧草相比,禾本科植物的根分枝强度高出3.9倍,但根羧酸盐渗出量和叶片蒸腾速率却分别低58%和48%。这些不同的养分获取和运输策略导致禾本科植物叶片养分(氮、磷、钙、镁和锰)浓度在局部范围内低于牧草。在区域尺度上,禾本科植物和牧草的叶片微量营养元素浓度大多没有差异,而在区域和国家尺度上,无论草原类型如何,牧草的宏量营养元素浓度都高于禾本科植物。与微量营养元素相比,所有宏量营养元素的浓度都表现出更强的系统发育保守性和更小的环境控制性。同域禾本科植物和草本植物之间的生物地球化学生态位隔离(基于叶片宏量营养元素浓度的 PCA 分数的欧氏距离)在草甸草原低于典型草原、荒漠草原和盐碱草原。我们的研究结果表明,不同的养分获取和运输策略可能是禾本科植物和草本植物叶片养分组成不同的原因。禾本科植物和草本植物的潜在生理机制与生物地球化学生态位差异之间的联系将促进我们对植物物种共存和适应策略的理解。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Soil nitrogen regulates root carbon secretion in the context of global change: A global meta-analysis 全球变化背景下土壤氮对根系碳分泌的调节作用:全球荟萃分析
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14626
Jia Zeng, Xiangyang Li, Liheng Xing, Ling Chen, Yu Li, Xing Wang, Qi Zhang, Gang Yang, Chengjie Ren, Gaihe Yang, Xinhui Han

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

根系渗出物的分泌在土壤碳循环过程中起着至关重要的调节作用。它还受到全球变化因子(GCFs)的显著影响,但这些变化的一般模式尚未得到充分探讨,这极大地限制了全球变化背景下碳循环模型的准确建立。为此,我们进行了一项荟萃分析,纳入了 1926 对数据,以研究全球变化对根系渗出物的影响。此外,我们还利用阿凯克信息准则(AIC)进行了多模型推断,以评估年平均温度(AAT)、生态系统类型、处理强度、持续时间等多种因素的相对重要性。研究结果表明,GCFs 普遍提高了根部渗出物的产量。虽然氮的添加及其与温度升高的相互作用显著降低了根部碳分泌的速度,但所有其他因素都显著促进了根部碳分泌的速度。有趣的是,随着升温强度的增加,升温引起的根系碳分泌速率呈下降趋势,临界值为 3.6°C。此外,研究还发现 GCFs 对根系碳分泌的影响受土壤氮的调节,这证实了根圈养分在这一过程中的重要性。这些结果突出了根渗出物中 GCFs 的重要性,并强调了土壤全氮在调节根碳分泌过程中的关键作用。它们还为开发更精确的全球变化碳循环模型提供了宝贵的科学参数。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗摘要。
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引用次数: 0
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Functional Ecology
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