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Variation of root functional traits indicates flexible below-ground economic strategies of the riparian tree species Populus fremontii 根部功能特征的变化表明河岸树种白杨(Populus fremontii)灵活的地下经济战略
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14628
Elena A. Schaefer, Catherine A. Gehring, Richard P. Phillips, Emma Gadrat, Justine Karst

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

植物-菌根类型被认为是植物功能特征的一个整合因素,但目前对这些关系的了解大多来自对不同植物类群的研究,在这些研究中,菌根类型的影响无法被分离出来。除了影响碳-养分交换外,与不同菌根类型结合的植物往往在多个性状上存在差异,从而对无数地下过程产生影响。我们利用两个种植有小叶杨(一种能同时与丛枝菌根真菌(AM)和外生菌根真菌(ECM)结合的树种)的普通花园,研究了菌根类型优势在多大程度上影响根系性状以及整个根系经济空间的性状关系。虽然P. fremontii同时形成了AM和ECM结合,但个体表现出的菌根类型优势主要受花园位置的影响。低海拔花园中的树木,无论产地如何,主要由 AM 真菌定殖,而高海拔花园中的树木主要由 ECM 真菌定殖。在低海拔花园的根系中,AM 真菌的定殖率与特定根长呈负相关,这表明对觅食根的投资是权衡利弊的结果。相反,在高海拔花园的根系中,ECM 的定植率与根组织密度呈负相关,这表明在资源获取与根系生长/防御之间可能存在权衡。菌根类型之间的所有其他根系经济性状保持相似。虽然以 AM 和 ECM 为主导的树木(和花园)之间的根系性状差别不大,但它们之间的关系在每个花园中都有所不同,这表明在一个物种中存在独特的策略和性状权衡。随着全球变化不断改变环境,像P. fremontii这样经历了一系列非生物条件的物种,可能预示着其他树种会如何改变根系的性状和策略以应对变化。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗摘要。
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引用次数: 0
The influence of pre‐exposure to marine heatwaves on the critical thermal maxima (CTmax) of marine foundation species 预暴露于海洋热浪对海洋基础物种临界最大热量(CTmax)的影响
IF 5.2 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14622
Nathan G. King, Tayla Leathers, Kathryn E. Smith, Dan A. Smale
Marine foundation species underpin some of the world's most diverse ecosystems but they are increasingly threatened by intensification of marine heatwaves (MHWs). Where MHWs exceed critical thermal maxima (CTmax), increased mortality and population declines can occur. CTmax is increasingly used to assess MHW population vulnerability but studies estimating CTmax across species, range edges and thermal histories in a comparable manner remain lacking. We determined the impact of MHWs on subsequent CTmax estimates of matched cool/warm affinity pairs of marine foundation species (kelp, seagrass and bivalves) in the Western English Channel. Following a 4‐week MHW simulation, individuals were subjected to a CTmax trial, where temperatures were raised by 2°C day−1 until physiological end points were reached. We found no positive effect of MHWs on CTmax but clear negative impacts were observed for some groups of foundation species. Increased MHW intensity had a stepwise negative impact on the physiology of both warm (Laminaria ochroleuca) and cool water (L. digitata) kelp species that manifested in significant reductions in CTmax. Surprisingly, this was most marked in the warm water species, which runs opposite to the assumed safety of leading‐edge populations. The physiology of warm (Zostera noltii) and cool (Z. marina) seagrasses was negatively impacted by increasing MHW intensity but no significant decrease in CTmax was observed. Both bivalve species (Mytilus edulis and Magallana gigas) showed marked resistance to exposure to MHWs, which was unexpected given the observed vulnerability of these species to stressful summertime conditions. Our results show pre‐exposure to realistic MHWs can influence CTmax values but generalities are difficult to make across groups or based on assumed thermal safety margins. We show CTmax is a labile trait and exposure to MHWs, can erode the resilience of an individual or population to subsequent thermal challenges. This leaves uncertainty within frameworks built to understand where and when MHWs will be most impactful. Further experimentation across a wider range of species and thermal challenges is needed to better understand the dynamic nature of CTmax and field validation is needed to determine the responses of individuals and populations within complex natural systems. Read the free
海洋基础物种支撑着世界上一些最多样化的生态系统,但它们正日益受到海洋热浪(MHWs)加剧的威胁。当海洋热浪超过临界最大热量(CTmax)时,会导致死亡率上升和种群数量减少。临界最大热量(CTmax)越来越多地被用于评估MHW种群的脆弱性,但以可比方式估算不同物种、分布区边缘和热历史的临界最大热量(CTmax)的研究仍然缺乏。我们确定了 MHW 对英吉利海峡西部海洋基础物种(海带、海草和双壳类动物)冷/暖亲缘关系匹配对的后续 CTmax 估计值的影响。在进行为期 4 周的 MHW 模拟后,对个体进行 CTmax 试验,每天将温度提高 2°C,直至达到生理终点。我们发现,MHW 对 CTmax 没有积极影响,但对某些基础物种组有明显的负面影响。MHW强度的增加对温水(Laminaria ochroleuca)和凉水(L. digitata)海带物种的生理都有逐步的负面影响,表现为CTmax的显著降低。令人惊讶的是,这种情况在暖水性物种中最为明显,这与假定的前沿种群的安全性背道而驰。暖性海草(Zostera noltii)和冷性海草(Z. marina)的生理机能受到 MHW 强度增加的负面影响,但 CTmax 没有明显下降。双壳类物种(Mytilus edulis 和 Magallana gigas)对暴露于 MHWs 都表现出明显的抵抗力,这出乎我们的意料,因为这些物种容易受到夏季压力条件的影响。我们的研究结果表明,预先暴露于真实的MHWs会影响CTmax值,但很难在不同组别之间或基于假定的热安全系数做出概括。我们发现 CTmax 是一种易变的特征,暴露于 MHWs 会削弱个体或种群对后续热挑战的适应能力。这就给为了解高温热量在何时何地会产生最大影响而建立的框架留下了不确定性。为了更好地了解 CTmax 的动态性质,需要在更广泛的物种和热挑战中进行进一步实验,并需要进行实地验证,以确定复杂自然系统中个体和种群的反应。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Vegetative stage and soil horizon respectively determine direction and magnitude of rhizosphere priming effects in contrasting tree line soils 植被阶段和土壤层分别决定了树线对比土壤中根瘤效应的方向和大小
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14625
Jennifer Michel, Sébastien Fontaine, Sandrine Revaillot, Catherine Piccon-Cochard, Jeanette Whitaker

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

高纬度和高海拔地区的树线被认为是全球变化的哨兵。这表现为乔木和灌木的加速侵占以及植物生产力的提高,目前尚不清楚这对这些生物群落碳平衡的影响。鉴于许多树线土壤中存在大量的土壤有机碳储量,我们在此想知道,引入高产植物是否会通过根瘤效应加速碳循环,以及某些土壤是否会比其他土壤更容易受到正向引力的碳损失。为了验证这一点,我们在瑞典亚北极地区和秘鲁安第斯山脉的树线上下采集了有机土壤和矿物质土壤样本。然后进行了一项温室实验,利用自然丰度标记和 C4 种植物 Cynodon dactylon 来量化植物诱导的土壤矿化率变化(根瘤效应)和新碳形成。实验期间监测了一些环境、植物、土壤和微生物参数,以补充对土壤碳循环的观察。在实验开始时,引诱作用主要为正,然后在植物生长季节,所有土壤中的引诱作用系统性地减弱,到植物衰老期实验结束时,引诱作用主要为负。与引力的方向无关,有机土壤的引力总是大于相应的矿质土壤,而矿质土壤的 C 含量较高最能说明这一点。综合整个研究期间的情况来看,引肥(正向和负向)对土壤碳平衡的总体影响大多可以忽略不计。尽管在瑞典亚北极苔原的有机土壤中观察到了土壤碳的净损失。最值得注意的是,根据取样时间的不同,正负引物效应并不相互排斥,而是普遍存在于不同的生态系统中。引效应的方向似乎随着植物生产力、根瘤菌圈碳输入量和养分吸收量的变化而波动。这突出表明,如果我们想了解生态系统尺度上的引诱效应,就需要进行长期的综合研究,而且温室和实验室研究必须经过现场验证,以实现可靠的生态升级。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Differential root nutrient-acquisition strategies underlie biogeochemical niche separation between grasses and forbs across grassland biomes 草地生物群落中禾本科植物和草本植物之间生物地球化学生态位分离的根源在于不同的根系养分获取策略
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14629
Na Zhou, Haigang Li, Baolan Wang, Zed Rengel, Hongbo Li

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

植物营养成分是确定植物生态策略和生态位分化的可靠工具。在此,我们旨在(i)揭示共存草原物种之间不同叶片养分组成的潜在生理机制;(ii)阐明分类和环境条件在这些组成中的作用。在地方(草原)尺度上,我们测量了18个共存物种的根系形态和生理特征、光合参数以及叶片中六种宏量营养元素(氮、磷、硒、钾、钙和镁)和四种微量营养元素(铁、锰、锌和铜)的浓度。在区域尺度上,我们测量了内蒙古温带草甸、典型草地、荒漠草地和盐碱草地中76个草地物种组合的叶面宏量和微量营养元素浓度。在全国范围内,我们收集了中国新疆、青藏和内蒙古草原上 513 个地点-物种组合的叶面宏量营养素浓度数据。与牧草相比,禾本科植物的根分枝强度高出3.9倍,但根羧酸盐渗出量和叶片蒸腾速率却分别低58%和48%。这些不同的养分获取和运输策略导致禾本科植物叶片养分(氮、磷、钙、镁和锰)浓度在局部范围内低于牧草。在区域尺度上,禾本科植物和牧草的叶片微量营养元素浓度大多没有差异,而在区域和国家尺度上,无论草原类型如何,牧草的宏量营养元素浓度都高于禾本科植物。与微量营养元素相比,所有宏量营养元素的浓度都表现出更强的系统发育保守性和更小的环境控制性。同域禾本科植物和草本植物之间的生物地球化学生态位隔离(基于叶片宏量营养元素浓度的 PCA 分数的欧氏距离)在草甸草原低于典型草原、荒漠草原和盐碱草原。我们的研究结果表明,不同的养分获取和运输策略可能是禾本科植物和草本植物叶片养分组成不同的原因。禾本科植物和草本植物的潜在生理机制与生物地球化学生态位差异之间的联系将促进我们对植物物种共存和适应策略的理解。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Soil nitrogen regulates root carbon secretion in the context of global change: A global meta-analysis 全球变化背景下土壤氮对根系碳分泌的调节作用:全球荟萃分析
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14626
Jia Zeng, Xiangyang Li, Liheng Xing, Ling Chen, Yu Li, Xing Wang, Qi Zhang, Gang Yang, Chengjie Ren, Gaihe Yang, Xinhui Han

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

根系渗出物的分泌在土壤碳循环过程中起着至关重要的调节作用。它还受到全球变化因子(GCFs)的显著影响,但这些变化的一般模式尚未得到充分探讨,这极大地限制了全球变化背景下碳循环模型的准确建立。为此,我们进行了一项荟萃分析,纳入了 1926 对数据,以研究全球变化对根系渗出物的影响。此外,我们还利用阿凯克信息准则(AIC)进行了多模型推断,以评估年平均温度(AAT)、生态系统类型、处理强度、持续时间等多种因素的相对重要性。研究结果表明,GCFs 普遍提高了根部渗出物的产量。虽然氮的添加及其与温度升高的相互作用显著降低了根部碳分泌的速度,但所有其他因素都显著促进了根部碳分泌的速度。有趣的是,随着升温强度的增加,升温引起的根系碳分泌速率呈下降趋势,临界值为 3.6°C。此外,研究还发现 GCFs 对根系碳分泌的影响受土壤氮的调节,这证实了根圈养分在这一过程中的重要性。这些结果突出了根渗出物中 GCFs 的重要性,并强调了土壤全氮在调节根碳分泌过程中的关键作用。它们还为开发更精确的全球变化碳循环模型提供了宝贵的科学参数。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Tree growth-forms reveal dominant browsers shaping the vegetation 树木的生长形态揭示了影响植被的主要食草动物
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14623
Marcin Churski, Dries P. J. Kuijper, Katharina Semmelmayer, William J. Bond, Joris P. G. M. Cromsigt, Yan Wang, Tristan Charles-Dominique

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植物在极端环境条件下会采用特殊的生长形式。在这项研究中,我们描述了一种由大型哺乳动物食草动物诱导的独特木本植物生长形态,并讨论了这种生长形态可能是在食草动物驱动的生态系统中作为一种逃离浏览器区的策略而进化出来的。我们分析了波兰温带 Białowieża 森林中三种欧亚带刺树种(Malus sylvestris、Prunus cerasifera 和 Pyrus communis)的主要建筑和形态属性(分枝和刺密度、树体尺寸、花和果的存在)对大型食草动物不同程度的啃食的反应。在高采食压力下,被研究的树木表现出两种不同的树冠形式:底部不育部分发展成枝叶茂密、荆棘密度高的结构("笼状"),上部生殖部分摆脱了食草动物的控制("逃逸状")。笼状结构的大小通过增加鹿的觅食时间和提高鹿的咬伤率来影响赤鹿(Cervus elaphus)的觅食行为。笼子开始逃逸的高度及其直径与马鹿的觅食范围相匹配。综述。我们认为,这种木质生长形式在景观中出现的频率和笼子的尺寸可以说明近期食草动物的类型和强度。此外,其独特的诱导性表明,这种生长形式并不是最近在人为压力下出现的,而可能是古代食草动物影响的遗留物。观察证据表明,这种生长形式出现在全球多个由食草动物驱动的系统中,可用于确定控制这些生态系统植被结构的主要食草动物。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Fungal trait-environment relationships in wood-inhabiting communities of boreal forest patches 北方森林斑块中林木栖息群落的真菌特征与环境的关系
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14627
Samantha K. Dawson, Håkan Berglund, Otso Ovaskainen, Bengt G. Jonsson, Tord Snäll, Elisabet Ottosson, Mari Jönsson

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真菌的性状可以让人们从机制上了解栖息在木材中的真菌如何与其环境相互作用,以及这种相互作用如何影响枯木中的群落组合。然而,真菌性状的探索相对较新,几乎没有研究测量真菌在其环境中的性状。在这项研究中,我们测试了位于瑞典北部北方不同自然类型的55个孤立森林斑块(0.1-9.9公顷)中571根挪威云杉(Picea abies)原木上的繁殖真菌群落的物种和性状与环境的关系。所研究的斑块是:(1)高度管理景观中的半自然预留斑块,或(2)位于非管理景观中的古老自然斑块。我们测试了物种和性状与枯木基质和森林斑块变量的关系。我们测量了群落中 19 个物种的平均果体大小和密度。性状的组合与原木腐朽阶段和森林斑块的自然度有关,说明了确定性环境过滤在形成栖息于木材中的真菌群落中的重要作用。早期腐朽阶段群落的子实体较大,密度较低,为半残留型的一年生子实体,且多为白腐真菌。物种丰富的中期腐朽阶段群落具有混合的性状组合,有更多中等大小的长寿多年生子实体,褐腐真菌和白腐真菌的数量相当。最后,晚腐烂期群落的子实体更小、更密集、更多年生,更多的是褐腐类型。所研究的特征与腐烂阶段之间的关系在人工种植区和天然斑块中都很相似。不过,与未受管理的自然斑块相比,高度管理景观中的隔离带半自然斑块更多支持果体较小、多年生和复壮的物种。综述。我们发现,原木腐朽阶段是孤立森林斑块中真菌群落物种和特征组合的主要驱动因素。我们的结果表明,腐朽阶段会影响四种繁殖性状(子实体密度、大小、寿命和类型)和一种资源利用性状(白腐或褐腐)。我们的研究结果首次强调,在不同的森林自然条件下,具有不同真菌繁殖性状的群落在所有枯木腐烂阶段都能保持不变。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Dung beetles drive direct and indirect changes in ecosystem multifunctionality 蜣螂直接和间接地改变了生态系统的多功能性
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14607
Fevziye Hasan, Kiri J. Wallace, Simon V. Fowler, Louis A. Schipper, Zac Hemmings, Jacob D. Berson, Andrew D. Barnes

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测量生态系统多功能性(EMF)可能是一种有价值的方法,可用于评估基于自然的解决方案(如引入非本地物种以促进生态系统功能)是否会产生净正面结果。虽然 EMF 指标可提供系统功能的粗略概览,但此类指标可能会掩盖同时发生的多种生态系统功能之间的相互作用。这可能会限制 EMF 指标在管理环境变化对生态系统功能影响方面的预测价值和总体功效。我们在新西兰奥特亚罗瓦(Aotearoa)的一个牧场生态系统中进行了一个中型宇宙实验,对引入的蜣螂(Onthophagus binodis 和 Onitis alexis)对多种生态系统功能产生的级联生物效应和非生物效应进行了量化。我们测量了受蜣螂影响的九种生态系统功能,包括粪便清除、土壤总碳、氮、磷、土壤微生物呼吸、硝酸氮、铵氮、厌氧可矿化氮和牧草生物量生产。我们首先测试了时间性蜣螂多样性对九种生态系统功能的影响。然后,我们通过使用平均法、阈值法和希尔数法计算EMF指标,检验了引入的蜣螂时间多样性如何影响生态系统的多功能性。最后,为了研究各个功能之间的潜在相互作用,我们使用结构方程模型(SEM)检验了引入的蜣螂对九个生态系统功能的直接和间接影响。在九项生态系统功能中,只有一项受到引入蜣螂的显著影响,而在计算出的六项EMF指标中,有五项随着引入蜣螂的时间多样性而显著增加。我们的研究结果表明,引入和增加蜣螂的时间多样性会增强生态系统的多种功能,但我们检测和解释生态系统多功能性变化的能力关键取决于如何量化EMF。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗语言摘要。
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引用次数: 0
The functionality of arbuscular mycorrhizal networks across scales of experimental complexity and ecological relevance 跨越实验复杂性和生态相关性尺度的节肢菌根网络的功能性
IF 5.2 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14618
E. Magkourilou, C. A. Bell, T. J. Daniell, K. J. Field
One of the most prevalent symbioses on Earth is that formed between the majority of land plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Through these intimate associations, AM fungi transfer soil nutrients to their plant hosts in exchange for photosynthetically fixed carbon resources. It has been hypothesised that this nutritional mutualism is evolutionarily stable because both partners are in control of the exchange of resources and can discriminate between partners according to whichever offers the highest returns. However, in nature, plant–AM symbioses are exposed to a wealth of additional biotic and abiotic interactions which can affect the regulation of carbon‐for‐nutrient exchange between symbionts. Moreover, the extraradical hyphae of AM fungi make up underground networks that may be interactive or physically connected, known as common mycorrhizal networks (CMNs). These can link neighbouring plants, potentially further influencing resource distribution across the network. How these layers of complexity interact to influence resource regulation and allocation between plants and AM fungi is not often considered by experimental designs. Here, we review resource allocation in AM symbioses, scaling up from evidence from reductionist experimental systems using axenic root organ cultures to complex systems incorporating multiple neighbouring plants dealing with other, co‐occurring symbionts. As experimental designs increase in scale and ecologically relevant complexity, the carbon‐for‐nutrient exchange between plants and their AM symbionts is increasingly subject to disruption associated with the wider ecological context, such as the intricacies of the plant‐fungal interactions in a CMN or the presence of co‐occurring organisms. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
地球上最普遍的共生关系之一是大多数陆生植物与丛枝菌根真菌(AM)之间形成的共生关系。通过这种亲密关系,AM 真菌将土壤养分转移给植物宿主,以换取光合作用固定的碳资源。有一种假设认为,这种营养互惠关系在进化过程中是稳定的,因为合作双方都能控制资源交换,并能根据哪一方提供的回报最高来选择合作伙伴。然而,在自然界中,植物-AM 共生体面临着大量额外的生物和非生物相互作用,这可能会影响共生体之间碳-营养交换的调节。此外,AM 真菌的根外菌丝组成了地下网络,这些网络可能是互动的,也可能是物理连接的,即常见的菌根网络(CMN)。这些网络可以连接相邻的植物,从而进一步影响整个网络的资源分配。这些复杂层次如何相互作用,影响植物和 AM 真菌之间的资源调控和分配,实验设计通常不会考虑。在此,我们回顾了AM共生中的资源分配,从使用轴向根器官培养物的还原性实验系统的证据扩展到包含多个相邻植物与其他共生共生体的复杂系统。随着实验设计规模的扩大和生态相关复杂性的增加,植物与其AM共生体之间的碳-营养交换越来越受到更广泛生态环境的干扰,例如CMN中错综复杂的植物-真菌相互作用或共生生物的存在。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Previous assessments of faecal glucocorticoid metabolites in Cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra) were flawed 以往对开普山斑马(Equus zebra zebra)粪便中糖皮质激素代谢物的评估存在缺陷
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14621
Jake A. Britnell, Rupert Palme, Graham I. H. Kerley, John Jackson, Susanne Shultz

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

类固醇激素,尤其是糖皮质激素(GCs)被广泛用于评估对压力源的生理反应。由于类固醇激素在排泄前会进行大量代谢,因此必须对测量粪便糖皮质激素代谢物(fGCMs)的酶免疫测定(EIAs)进行验证。尽管未经验证的检测方法所存在的问题已被多次提出,但其仍被广泛使用。Lea 等人(2017 年)使用未经验证的皮质酮测定法(CJM006)将粪便糖皮质激素浓度与开普山斑马(Equus zebra zebra)的栖息地质量、人口统计和种群表现联系起来。在此,我们将重新审视他们的研究结果,并使用有效的 EIA 评估其结论的有效性。首先,我们通过对开普山斑马和哈特曼山斑马(E. z. hartmannae)这两个山斑马亚种进行生物验证实验(迁移),评估了六种 EIA(三种群体特异性代谢物测定和三种皮质酮测定,包括 CJM006)的生物敏感性。在使用两种 11-oxoaetiocholanolone(实验室代码:72T 和 72a)和一种 11ß-hydroxyaetiocholanolone (69a) EIA 时,移位后 fGCM 的浓度持续上升,而使用三种不同的皮质酮 EIA 时则没有上升。所有皮质酮 EIA(包括 CJM006)都未能检测到转位后 48-72 小时关键时期内 fGCM 的增加。因此,Lea 等人(2017 年)使用的 CJM006 EIA 无法灵敏地测量 CMZ 粪便中的下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴活性。使用经过验证的检测方法(72T),fGCM 的浓度不再与成年动物性别比或栖息地质量(以草度衡量)相关,因此这些变量已从预测模型中剔除。因此,我们可以得出结论,之前的研究结果并不可靠。我们引入了 "不敏感 "和 "次优 "这两个术语,分别用来描述那些经过测试但未能通过验证的检测方法,以及那些在检测相关激素变化方面相对较差的检测方法。我们将讨论 "不敏感 "和 "次优 "检测方法会如何导致对种群压力因素的错误推断和适得其反的保护建议。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗摘要。
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Functional Ecology
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