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Functional traits and ecological niches as correlates of the interspecific growth–mortality trade-off among seedlings of 14 tropical tree species 功能特征和生态位是 14 种热带树种幼苗种间生长-死亡率权衡的相关因素
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14624
Caicai Zhang, Rong Gu, Luxiang Lin, Sabrina E. Russo

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树种的生长率与死亡率之间的种间权衡被认为是由功能生物学驱动的,并有助于物种生态位的分化。然而,功能性状的变化往往与生长和死亡率的关系不大,而且很少有研究调查性状和生态位(具体包括地上和地下资源)与权衡本身的关系。这些关系对幼苗尤为重要,因为幼苗通常必须在资源限制下生存,才能达到较大的体型。我们研究了中国西南部热带森林中 14 个树种幼苗的种间生长-死亡率权衡的功能基础及其与生态位的关系。我们利用 15 个功能性状和 15 个生态位变量发现了幼苗阶段种间生长-死亡率权衡的证据。没有一个器官水平的性状与生长、死亡率或权衡相关,而生物量分配性状特定茎长(SSL)是唯一有显著相关性(正)的性状。此外,光照定义的生态位与生长、死亡率或权衡没有相关性,但土壤定义的生态位却与生长、死亡率或权衡有相关性。生长速度快/死亡率高的物种与较高的肥力有关,肥力由较低的土壤容重和坡度以及较高的土壤有机质浓度和土壤全氮决定。我们的研究结果表明,在这片亚洲热带森林的幼苗阶段,茎伸长和土壤肥力对生长、死亡率及其权衡非常重要。我们的研究结果与新热带森林的类似研究结果形成了鲜明对比,后者显示了与日照有关的光合作用相关叶片特征的重要性。因此,可能由于生物地理、树冠干扰率、地形和土壤特性的不同,导致不同森林的人口增长率和权衡的功能驱动因素及其对生态位的影响也可能不同。此外,如果从整个植物的角度来考虑生物量分配,功能性状变异对人口统计率和权衡的影响可能会得到更好的揭示。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Predicting key ectotherm population mortality in response to dynamic marine heatwaves: A Bayesian-enhanced thermal tolerance landscape approach 预测关键外温动物种群在动态海洋热浪中的死亡率:贝叶斯增强热耐受景观方法
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-21 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14620
Jahangir Vajedsamiei, Niklas Warlo, H. E. Markus Meier, Frank Melzner

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随着气候变化加剧热浪,量化外温动物种群的相关死亡率对于有效保护至关重要。热耐受景观(TTL)模型是一种有用的预测工具,它假定随着温度的升高,个体的存活时间呈指数递减。这一假设已通过对恒温实验数据的回归分析得到验证,主要集中在成体阶段的个体。然而,这种方法无法通过动态、真实的热浪事件数据直接验证模型,而且忽略了早期招募阶段的脆弱性。本研究旨在利用蓝贻贝(一种在温带海岸形成大量珊瑚礁的基础物种)作为模型生物来弥补这些不足。我们在实验室实验中监测了持续热浪(CHW)条件下贻贝(幼体和成体)的存活率,并在室外中型宇宙实验中模拟了动态热浪(DHW)情景。热浪过后,我们还评估了中观生态室内的招募率。在每个数据集上分别采用近似贝叶斯计算与序列蒙特卡洛(ABC-SMC)对 TTL 模型进行参数化。两个实验的参数分布相似,ABC-SMC 模型的预测结果与观测到的存活率下降结果非常吻合,从而验证了这些模型。相比之下,我们发现贝叶斯回归方法的预测性能较低。此外,我们的最佳拟合模型预测,在非致命性 DHW 体系中升温将增加对贻贝的亚致死效应。观察到的对繁殖阶段的影响更为明显,随着亚致死效应的增加,繁殖率呈指数衰减。我们的模型预测,在本世纪最温暖的五种夏季温度条件下,对成年贻贝的亚致死效应较小(4%),与之相对应的是招募率下降了 0%-32%。我们的研究扩大了TTL模型的验证范围,证明了波罗的海潮下贻贝对未来极端热浪的适应能力,并提供了一种预测热浪引起的种群死亡的方法,适用于其他物种和敏感系统。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗语言摘要。
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引用次数: 0
How do intervals between fires influence canopy seed production and viability? 火灾间隔如何影响树冠种子的生产和存活?
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-21 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14619
Ella Plumanns-Pouton, Matthew Swan, Trent Penman, Luke T. Kelly

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在火灾频发的环境中,树冠贮藏种子(绢毛)是一种重要的持久策略。当火灾间隔短于积累种子所需的时间,或火灾间隔长于植物寿命时,蚕食种群就会受到威胁。要了解火灾机制如何影响树冠种子库,需要研究植物成熟的时间、种子产出和发芽特性。跨越植物功能类型的研究(如呼吸发芽植物或强制性播种植物)有助于了解火灾的影响机制。利用在澳大利亚东南部地中海灌木林的 57 个地点收集到的实地数据,我们模拟了火灾发生后的时间和平均火灾间隔如何影响果序(球果)的产生。此外,我们还在实验室评估了种子的产量、存活率和发芽速度。火灾后 2 到 4 年,首次在野外观察到生殖成熟的再生植株;火灾后 6 年,首次观察到生殖成熟的义务播种植株(视物种而定)。在较短的平均火灾间隔期内,呼吸生长植株的繁殖成熟植株未被观察到:呼吸生长植株的繁殖成熟植株在火灾后 3 到 9 年间才被观察到,必须播种植株的繁殖成熟植株在火灾后 9 到 18 年间才被观察到,这同样因物种而异。随着火灾间隔时间的延长,我们观察到当重新萌发物种达到成熟期时,锥果产量有所下降。而必须播种的物种则没有出现这种下降。火灾影响了一个再萌发物种(Allocasuarina paludosa)球果中产生的有活力种子的数量,但我们没有发现与其他物种有关系。每个球果结籽少的物种发芽速度快,结籽多的物种发芽速度慢,这表明与火有关的种子特性之间存在权衡。例如,Hakea rostrata(每个锥体有两粒种子)大多在最初几周内发芽,而 Callitris rhomboidea(每个锥体有许多种子)则在 9 个月内不同步发芽。对于所研究的蛇麻属物种来说,火灾间隔时间短会减少树冠种子的产量。依赖性播种者对频繁火灾的敏感度高于重新萌发者。在地中海生态系统野火频率和干旱预计会增加的背景下,我们的研究结果表明,绢毛植物物种的繁殖和招募将受到一系列功能特征的不同影响。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Foliar phosphorus concentration modulates the defensive mutualism of an endophytic fungus in a perennial host grass 叶面磷浓度调节内生真菌与多年生宿主草的防御性互生关系
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14616
F. A. Decunta, L. I. Pérez, P. Graff, P. E. Gundel

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利益冲突声明作者声明没有利益冲突。
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引用次数: 0
Seasonal precipitation distribution determines ecosystem CO2 and H2O exchange by regulating spring soil water–salt dynamics in a brackish wetland 季节性降水分布通过调节咸水湿地春季土壤水盐动态决定生态系统的二氧化碳和水交换
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-14 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14617
Wanxin Huang, Guangxuan Han, Siyu Wei, Mingliang Zhao, Xiaojing Chu, Ruifeng Sun, Nan Zou, Xiaojie Wang, Peiguang Li, Xiaoshuai Zhang, Feng Lu, Shuyan Zhang

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全球水文循环的加剧预计将增加降水模式的变异性。咸水湿地通过调节二氧化碳和水的吸收和释放来应对降水模式的变化,从而维持生态系统功能的稳定。然而,与年降水总量相比,人们对季节间降水分布(SPD)如何影响生态系统二氧化碳和水交换的了解还很有限。在这里,我们在咸水湿地进行了连续四年的现场实验,在保持年降水总量不变的情况下,操纵不同季节的降水比例。我们的研究结果表明,随着春季降水量分布的减少,生态系统年二氧化碳和水通量呈下降趋势。其中,生态系统二氧化碳年净交换量、蒸散量、碳利用效率和水利用效率对春季降水分布减少和夏秋季降水分布增加更为敏感。这种负非对称响应模式表明,生态系统的二氧化碳和水交换量主要受季节性降水变化的影响,而春季土壤水盐动态被认为是主要驱动因素。因此,这种关联可以解释为生长初期的干旱加剧了土壤盐碱化,抑制了植被的定殖和生长,从而极大地损害了咸水湿地的年二氧化碳和水-盐交换能力。我们的研究结果强调,春季极端降水引起的土壤水-盐条件将在未来极大地影响咸水湿地的二氧化碳和水-盐交换。这些发现对于改进咸水湿地固碳和持水能力的预测至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
The evolution of sensitive periods beyond early ontogeny: Bridging theory and data 超越早期个体发育的敏感期演变:连接理论与数据
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-14 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14615
N. Walasek, Karthik Panchanathan, W. Frankenhuis
Sensitive periods, in which experiences have a large impact on phenotypic development, are most common early in ontogeny. Yet, they may also occur at later ontogenetic stages, such as adolescence. At present, however, we know little about why natural selection favours sensitive periods for some traits early in ontogeny and for others later in ontogeny. This article synthesizes recent mathematical models and empirical studies that explore sensitive periods beyond early ontogeny.Across mathematical models, we observe two general patterns. First, sensitive periods emerge beyond early ontogeny when an organism's uncertainty about the environment‐phenotype fit increases at later developmental stages. Second, sensitive periods emerge beyond early ontogeny when cues at later stages reduce this uncertainty more than earlier cues do.In the empirical literature, we observe that traits showing sensitive periods beyond early ontogeny tend to be social traits, particularly among mammals. Connecting theory to data, we hypothesize that mammals have evolved to expect reliable information from peers in adolescence to reduce uncertainty about the current and future social environment (e.g. social dominance, mate value).Finally, we highlight current gaps in our understanding and suggest future directions for strengthening bridges between empirical and theoretical studies of sensitive periods. Ultimately, we hope our synthesis will contribute towards an integrative science of sensitive periods across the biological and the social sciences.Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
敏感期对表型的发展有很大的影响,在个体发育的早期最为常见。然而,敏感期也可能出现在个体发育的后期阶段,如青春期。然而,目前我们对为什么自然选择倾向于在个体发育早期选择某些性状的敏感期,而在个体发育后期选择另一些性状的敏感期知之甚少。本文综合了最近的数学模型和实证研究,这些模型和研究探讨了个体发育早期以后的敏感期。首先,当生物体在后期发育阶段对环境-表型契合度的不确定性增加时,敏感期就会出现,并超越早期个体发育。其次,当后期阶段的线索比早期线索更能减少这种不确定性时,敏感期就会出现,并超越早期个体发育。在实证文献中,我们观察到出现超越早期个体发育敏感期的性状往往是社会性性状,尤其是在哺乳动物中。将理论与数据相结合,我们假设哺乳动物在进化过程中期望在青春期从同伴那里获得可靠的信息,以减少对当前和未来社会环境的不确定性(如社会支配地位、配偶价值)。最后,我们强调了目前我们在理解上的差距,并提出了未来的方向,以加强敏感期的实证研究与理论研究之间的联系。最终,我们希望我们的综述将有助于在生物科学和社会科学领域对敏感期进行综合研究。
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引用次数: 0
Enhanced plant litter impacts nematode communities and carbon use efficiency in a mixed forest 增强植物枯落物对混交林中线虫群落和碳利用效率的影响
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-14 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14614
Zhiyong Zhang, Renhui Miao, Sergio Rasmann

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气温升高和大气中二氧化碳含量升高可能会增加植物的光合作用并提高森林生产力,从而在全球范围内刺激废弃物向土壤的输入。线虫代表了土壤生物区系中的所有营养群。因此,我们研究了线虫代谢活动与植物枯落物投入量之间的联系。为此,我们在温带森林中控制了不同的枯落物输入水平,包括不含枯落物的对照区、天然枯落物输入区以及双倍、三倍和四倍天然枯落物输入区。然后收集土壤表层(0-10 厘米),研究线虫群落的反应。更多的枯落物会增加食菌线虫在食菌线虫和食真菌线虫总数中的比例。更多的枯落物增加了食菌线虫的 K/r 策略比率以及相应的线虫代谢足迹。更多的枯落物也刺激了线虫的生产和呼吸作用,提高了细菌食肉动物的碳利用效率。总之,我们的研究表明,增加植物地上枯落物会改变土壤线虫的分类群落和功能群落,最终调节森林土壤的碳循环。
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引用次数: 0
En route to resources: Foraging strategies of plant-associated insects to identify resources in complex dynamic environments 前往资源的途中:植物相关昆虫在复杂动态环境中识别资源的觅食策略
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14606
Q. Rusman, A. Cusumano, I. Vosteen

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在植物相关群落中,觅食昆虫的目标是寻找不同的兴趣资源。食草动物寻找最有营养的植物组织,授粉昆虫寻找甜美的花蜜和富含蛋白质的花粉,食肉昆虫则寻找它们喜欢的猎物。虽然这些觅食者寻找的资源各不相同,但它们面临的问题却相似:资源线索通常变化很大,需要在复杂的环境中从非资源中探测出来。搜索模板--一种可能与特定资源的出现相关的刺激子集--可以帮助不同营养级的觅食者找到它们的资源。然而,基于搜索模板的觅食也可能导致感知错误。在这里,我们综合了属于不同营养级的功能群昆虫的觅食知识,揭示了觅食者遇到的共同问题以及解决这些问题的策略。我们主要关注以挥发性物质为基础的觅食,因为这种搜索策略是跨功能群的最佳研究方法。我们认为,搜索模板具有多模态性(包括多种特征类型,如气味和视觉)和层次性(包括多个觅食步骤)。搜索模板具有可塑性,会随着时间的推移根据经验进行更新,以适应动态的觅食环境。通过对跨越多个营养级的不同功能类群的昆虫进行比较,我们发现了在线索使用和觅食策略方面的重要缺失,这些缺失在未来应该得到解决,以减少功能类群之间在基于搜索模板的觅食方面的知识不对称。我们提出了一种实现这一目标的方法,即通过借鉴、测试和调整为其他昆虫类群提出的现有假设和理论,对研究较少的功能类群的研究可以迅速取得进展。对各功能群基于搜索模板的觅食行为的了解将为复杂生态群落中觅食行为的进化提供新的见解,有助于预测大规模人为干扰的生态后果,并有助于优化种植系统中昆虫提供的生态系统服务(授粉和生物防治)。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗语言摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Climate and genome size shape the intraspecific variation in ecological adaptive strategies of a cosmopolitan grass species 气候和基因组大小决定了世界性禾本科物种生态适应策略的种内差异
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14613
Wen-Yong Guo, Jan Čuda, Hana Skálová, Carla Lambertini, Simon Pierce, Magdalena Lučanová, Hans Brix, Laura A. Meyerson, Petr Pyšek

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种内性状变异对达尔文的自然选择机制至关重要,人们已经对单一性状进行了广泛研究。然而,代表多种功能特征之间权衡的适应策略的种内变异却较少受到关注,尤其是对于全球分布或入侵物种而言。格里姆(Grime)的竞争者、压力耐受者和野草(CSR)方案在外来物种入侵的背景下得到了很好的验证,它为研究适应策略提供了理论和定量方法。在这里,我们量化了在一个普通花园中栽培的全球 89 种葭属植物基因型的种内 CSR 策略得分。我们评估了 CSR 策略得分的种内变异、基因组大小和原产地气候之间的关系,并检验了入侵品系和本地品系在 CSR 策略上是否存在差异。我们观察到了种内适应策略的巨大差异,主要表现为 C-选择和 S-选择。正如所预期的那样,C-、S-和R-分数显示出明显的纬度克线,并与基因组大小或原产地气候密切相关。此外,入侵品系比本地品系更能适应压力。我们得出的结论是,这种多年生湿地草的适应策略在全球范围内各不相同,其基因型在约150年前首次发现它的入侵地区竟然具有更强的应激耐受性。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Divergent microbial phosphorous acquisition strategies between active layer and permafrost deposits on the Tibetan Plateau 青藏高原活动层和永久冻土沉积之间不同的微生物磷获取策略
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14612
Lu Wang, Dianye Zhang, Luyao Kang, Ziliang Li, Yuanhe Yang

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磷(P)对植物和微生物的生长至关重要,因此会影响永久冻土生态系统中的碳(C)循环。然而,人们对永冻土环境中土壤磷的可用性及其生物获取策略知之甚少。基于约 1000 千米横断面的大规模调查,结合枪式元基因组学,我们首次尝试探索了西藏高寒冻土区土壤微生物获取 P 的策略。我们的研究结果表明,与无机碳溶解、有机碳矿化和运输相关的微生物功能基因广泛存在,反映了冻土区微生物碳获取策略的多样性。此外,在活动层中检测到与溶解和矿化相关的基因丰度更高,携带这些基因的元基因组(MAGs)比例也更高,而在永久冻土沉积层中观察到低亲和性转运体基因(pit)丰度更高,携带pit基因的元基因组比例也更高,这说明活动层中的P活化潜力更大,而永久冻土沉积层中的P转运潜力更大。我们的研究结果突显了多种与钾有关的获取策略,应同时考虑它们在不同土层中的差异,以改进永冻土生态系统生物地球化学循环对气候变化响应的模型预测。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗摘要。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Functional Ecology
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