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Enhanced plant litter impacts nematode communities and carbon use efficiency in a mixed forest 增强植物枯落物对混交林中线虫群落和碳利用效率的影响
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-14 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14614
Zhiyong Zhang, Renhui Miao, Sergio Rasmann

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

气温升高和大气中二氧化碳含量升高可能会增加植物的光合作用并提高森林生产力,从而在全球范围内刺激废弃物向土壤的输入。线虫代表了土壤生物区系中的所有营养群。因此,我们研究了线虫代谢活动与植物枯落物投入量之间的联系。为此,我们在温带森林中控制了不同的枯落物输入水平,包括不含枯落物的对照区、天然枯落物输入区以及双倍、三倍和四倍天然枯落物输入区。然后收集土壤表层(0-10 厘米),研究线虫群落的反应。更多的枯落物会增加食菌线虫在食菌线虫和食真菌线虫总数中的比例。更多的枯落物增加了食菌线虫的 K/r 策略比率以及相应的线虫代谢足迹。更多的枯落物也刺激了线虫的生产和呼吸作用,提高了细菌食肉动物的碳利用效率。总之,我们的研究表明,增加植物地上枯落物会改变土壤线虫的分类群落和功能群落,最终调节森林土壤的碳循环。
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引用次数: 0
En route to resources: Foraging strategies of plant-associated insects to identify resources in complex dynamic environments 前往资源的途中:植物相关昆虫在复杂动态环境中识别资源的觅食策略
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14606
Q. Rusman, A. Cusumano, I. Vosteen

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

在植物相关群落中,觅食昆虫的目标是寻找不同的兴趣资源。食草动物寻找最有营养的植物组织,授粉昆虫寻找甜美的花蜜和富含蛋白质的花粉,食肉昆虫则寻找它们喜欢的猎物。虽然这些觅食者寻找的资源各不相同,但它们面临的问题却相似:资源线索通常变化很大,需要在复杂的环境中从非资源中探测出来。搜索模板--一种可能与特定资源的出现相关的刺激子集--可以帮助不同营养级的觅食者找到它们的资源。然而,基于搜索模板的觅食也可能导致感知错误。在这里,我们综合了属于不同营养级的功能群昆虫的觅食知识,揭示了觅食者遇到的共同问题以及解决这些问题的策略。我们主要关注以挥发性物质为基础的觅食,因为这种搜索策略是跨功能群的最佳研究方法。我们认为,搜索模板具有多模态性(包括多种特征类型,如气味和视觉)和层次性(包括多个觅食步骤)。搜索模板具有可塑性,会随着时间的推移根据经验进行更新,以适应动态的觅食环境。通过对跨越多个营养级的不同功能类群的昆虫进行比较,我们发现了在线索使用和觅食策略方面的重要缺失,这些缺失在未来应该得到解决,以减少功能类群之间在基于搜索模板的觅食方面的知识不对称。我们提出了一种实现这一目标的方法,即通过借鉴、测试和调整为其他昆虫类群提出的现有假设和理论,对研究较少的功能类群的研究可以迅速取得进展。对各功能群基于搜索模板的觅食行为的了解将为复杂生态群落中觅食行为的进化提供新的见解,有助于预测大规模人为干扰的生态后果,并有助于优化种植系统中昆虫提供的生态系统服务(授粉和生物防治)。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗语言摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Divergent microbial phosphorous acquisition strategies between active layer and permafrost deposits on the Tibetan Plateau 青藏高原活动层和永久冻土沉积之间不同的微生物磷获取策略
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14612
Lu Wang, Dianye Zhang, Luyao Kang, Ziliang Li, Yuanhe Yang

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

磷(P)对植物和微生物的生长至关重要,因此会影响永久冻土生态系统中的碳(C)循环。然而,人们对永冻土环境中土壤磷的可用性及其生物获取策略知之甚少。基于约 1000 千米横断面的大规模调查,结合枪式元基因组学,我们首次尝试探索了西藏高寒冻土区土壤微生物获取 P 的策略。我们的研究结果表明,与无机碳溶解、有机碳矿化和运输相关的微生物功能基因广泛存在,反映了冻土区微生物碳获取策略的多样性。此外,在活动层中检测到与溶解和矿化相关的基因丰度更高,携带这些基因的元基因组(MAGs)比例也更高,而在永久冻土沉积层中观察到低亲和性转运体基因(pit)丰度更高,携带pit基因的元基因组比例也更高,这说明活动层中的P活化潜力更大,而永久冻土沉积层中的P转运潜力更大。我们的研究结果突显了多种与钾有关的获取策略,应同时考虑它们在不同土层中的差异,以改进永冻土生态系统生物地球化学循环对气候变化响应的模型预测。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Climate and genome size shape the intraspecific variation in ecological adaptive strategies of a cosmopolitan grass species 气候和基因组大小决定了世界性禾本科物种生态适应策略的种内差异
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14613
Wen-Yong Guo, Jan Čuda, Hana Skálová, Carla Lambertini, Simon Pierce, Magdalena Lučanová, Hans Brix, Laura A. Meyerson, Petr Pyšek

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

种内性状变异对达尔文的自然选择机制至关重要,人们已经对单一性状进行了广泛研究。然而,代表多种功能特征之间权衡的适应策略的种内变异却较少受到关注,尤其是对于全球分布或入侵物种而言。格里姆(Grime)的竞争者、压力耐受者和野草(CSR)方案在外来物种入侵的背景下得到了很好的验证,它为研究适应策略提供了理论和定量方法。在这里,我们量化了在一个普通花园中栽培的全球 89 种葭属植物基因型的种内 CSR 策略得分。我们评估了 CSR 策略得分的种内变异、基因组大小和原产地气候之间的关系,并检验了入侵品系和本地品系在 CSR 策略上是否存在差异。我们观察到了种内适应策略的巨大差异,主要表现为 C-选择和 S-选择。正如所预期的那样,C-、S-和R-分数显示出明显的纬度克线,并与基因组大小或原产地气候密切相关。此外,入侵品系比本地品系更能适应压力。我们得出的结论是,这种多年生湿地草的适应策略在全球范围内各不相同,其基因型在约150年前首次发现它的入侵地区竟然具有更强的应激耐受性。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Thermal plasticity in protective wing pigmentation is modulated by genotype and food availability in an insect model of seasonal polyphenism 昆虫季节多态性模型中保护翼色素的热可塑性受基因型和食物供应的调节
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14602
E. van Bergen, G. Atencio, M. Saastamoinen, P. Beldade

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

自然种群中的表型变异源于生物与其不断变化的环境之间复杂的相互作用。环境既影响表型频率(在适应过程中),也影响生物表型(通过表型可塑性)。尤其是发育可塑性,是指生物的表型取决于发育过程中的环境条件的现象。它可以使表型与生态条件相匹配,帮助生物应对环境的异质性,包括季节交替之间的差异。发育可塑性的实验研究通常侧重于单个环境线索的影响,而没有明确考虑遗传变异。与此相反,自然环境是复杂的,由多种变量组成,其综合效应尚不清楚,而且可能因基因型而异。我们研究了多因素环境对Bicyclus anynana蝴蝶季节性可塑性眼斑发育的影响。眼斑的大小取决于发育温度,并参与避开捕食者的季节性策略。在自然界中,温度和食物供应都会发生季节性波动。然而,我们对眼斑大小的热可塑性如何随食物可获得性和不同基因型而变化的了解仍然有限。为了解决这个问题,我们研究了发育过程中温度(T;两个水平:20°C 和 27°C)和食物供应(N;两个水平:控制和限制)的综合影响。我们研究了它们对多基因型(G;28 个家系)成年雄性和雌性的翅膀和眼斑大小的影响。我们发现了热和营养可塑性以及温度-营养相互作用(显著的 T × N)对雌雄个体眼斑大小影响的证据。食物限制导致眼窝相对较小,并削弱了温度的影响。此外,我们还发现不同科的热可塑性存在差异(G × T效应显著),但营养可塑性(G × N效应不显著)以及温度和食物限制的综合效应(G × T × N效应不显著)不存在差异。我们的结果揭示了热可塑性的环境依赖性,不同基因型和不同营养环境下的热反应规范斜率各不相同。我们将根据色素沉着的生态意义以及在研究气候变化对生物影响时考虑热可塑性的价值来讨论这些结果。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Functional Ecology is moving to open access 功能生态学》转向开放获取
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14604
Lara Ferry, Dustin Marshall, Katie J. Field, Emma J. Sayer, Enrico Rezende, Jennifer Meyer
<p>In the very first issue of <i>Functional Ecology</i>, the founding editors, Peter Calow and John Grace, said “The success and identity of a journal depends not so much on the Society behind it, nor even on the editors and their board, but on the scientists contributing to it.” (Calow & Grace, <span>1987</span>). <i>Functional Ecology</i> has been fortunate that many scientists have indeed chosen the journal as the place to publish their exciting work over the years and as we move to become a fully open access journal, we will continue to support the scientists contributing to the journal, as readers, as reviewers and as authors.</p><p><i>Functional Ecology</i> has been deeply committed to increasing the accessibility of the journal for readers and authors for many years. For over a decade, every paper published in the journal has been accompanied by a free plain language summary that makes it easier for readers to find and digest useful articles. We have provided help for authors via publishing workshops held both in person and online and have published several advice articles on effective science writing (Sayer, <span>2018</span>, <span>2019</span>; Sayer & Ferry, <span>2023</span>).</p><p>For over 15 years, we have also offered authors the option to publish Open Access in <i>Functional Ecology</i>, paying an article processing charge to make their findings freely available to the many readers without a subscription to the journal.</p><p>In recent years, the number of authors taking this option has increased significantly, with more than half of our papers now being published open access and thus benefitting from the increased readership that this brings. Some content, however, still remains paywalled and less accessible to readers. In our move to becoming a fully open-access journal, we assure that all our content is equally accessible to all researchers—and we are also taking steps to ensure publishing in the journal remains accessible to all authors. While the majority of our authors have funding for open access available (provided by their department or institution, as part of their grant funding or through the increasing number of transformational deals), we will be providing author waivers through both Research4Life and the separate British Ecological Society waiver policy as well.</p><p>While Research4Life waivers are offered to authors in low-income countries, additional waivers are available for authors submitting to <i>Functional Ecology</i> from the rest of the world. These waivers are granted in line with the BES waiver policy, which applies to all BES open-access journals.</p><p>The importance of the BES waiver policy is evident from the data we have from our sister journal, <i>Methods in Ecology and Evolution</i> (MEE), which became a fully open-access journal two years ago. For MEE, waiver requests have come from (and been granted to) authors in over 15 different countries on six continents, at career stages ranging fro
在《功能生态学》创刊号上,创刊编辑彼得-卡洛(Peter Calow)和约翰-格雷斯(John Grace)说:"一份期刊的成功和特性与其说取决于它背后的学会,甚至也不取决于编辑和他们的董事会,而是取决于为它投稿的科学家。(Calow & Grace, 1987)。多年来,许多科学家确实选择了《功能生态学》作为他们发表精彩工作的地方,这是我们的幸运。随着我们成为完全开放的期刊,我们将继续支持为期刊投稿的科学家,包括读者、审稿人和作者。十多年来,本刊发表的每篇论文都附有免费的浅显语言摘要,方便读者查找和消化有用的文章。15 年来,我们还为作者提供了在《功能生态学》上发表开放存取论文的选择,作者只需支付文章处理费,就可以将自己的研究成果免费提供给许多没有订阅该期刊的读者。近年来,采用这种选择的作者人数大幅增加,我们一半以上的论文现在都是以开放存取的方式发表的,从而受益于由此带来的更多读者。然而,有些内容仍然是付费的,读者较难获取。在向完全开放获取期刊迈进的过程中,我们确保所有研究人员都能平等地获取我们的所有内容,同时我们也在采取措施,确保所有作者都能在期刊上发表文章。虽然我们的大多数作者都有开放存取的资金(由其所在部门或机构提供,作为其资助资金的一部分,或通过越来越多的转型交易),但我们也将通过Research4Life和英国生态学会的单独豁免政策为作者提供豁免。BES 的豁免政策适用于所有 BES 开放获取期刊。从我们的姐妹期刊《生态学与进化方法》(Methods in Ecology and Evolution,MEE)的数据中可以看出 BES 豁免政策的重要性,该期刊两年前成为完全开放获取期刊。MEE的豁免申请来自(并被批准)六大洲超过15个不同国家的作者,其职业阶段从学生到名誉教授不等,既有在学术界内的,也有在学术界外的。这些豁免使以前无法发表开放存取论文的作者得以发表论文,并从开放存取论文带来的更高曝光率中获益:论文被更多人阅读,被更多人引用,被更多人引用(Huang et al.对于作者,我们将继续在撰写和发表这些论文方面提供支持和指导,我们也将继续通过通俗易懂的语言摘要、博客文章、播客或社交媒体推广,帮助读者找到并获取重要内容。最后,我们与彼得-卡洛(Peter Calow)和约翰-格雷斯(John Grace)一样,认为作者是我们最大的优势。在转为开放获取并制定明确的作者支持计划后,我们希望生态学界更多的人都能享受到在《功能生态学》上发表文章的好处。我们感谢您一直以来的支持,并期待着与您一起迈出这激动人心的一步。
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引用次数: 0
Functional diversity of neighbours mediates sap flow density and radial growth of focal trees, but in different ways between evergreen and deciduous broadleaved species 相邻树种的功能多样性对树液流动密度和重点树种的径向生长有促进作用,但常绿阔叶树种和落叶阔叶树种的作用方式不同
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14610
Yongqiang Zhang, Yun-Hao Bai, Xia Chen, Yanpei Guo, Hong-Tu Zhang, Xuejiao Zhang, Shan Li, Bernhard Schmid, Helge Bruelheide, Keping Ma, Zhiyao Tang

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

树木的功能是由邻近物种通过种间相互作用和当地环境形成的。邻近树种的功能性状组成可以为了解邻近树种对焦点树种资源策略的影响提供机理上的启示。在本研究中,我们在大规模森林生物多样性操纵实验(BEF-China)中对12个物种48棵树的树液流动密度(SFD)和径向生长进行了自动高频测量,以研究邻近物种的功能性状组成对焦点树树液流动和径向生长的影响及其内在机制。我们发现SFD与生长之间存在正相关,反映了树液流动在树木生长中的重要支持作用。当考虑到所有树种时,邻近树种的高功能多样性(FD)会抑制SFD,但会促进生长,从而提高水分利用效率。邻近树木的习得性对生长有积极影响,表明种间具有促进作用。此外,邻近 FD 有利于常绿乔木的生长。然而,在落叶焦点树中,邻近FD降低了SFD,但对生长没有显著影响。我们的研究结果表明,考虑邻近群落的功能性状组成将有助于有效的植树造林和森林管理。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Patterns of constitutive and induced herbivore defence are complex, but share a common genetic basis in annual and perennial monkeyflower 一年生和多年生猴头花的构成型和诱导型食草动物防御模式十分复杂,但具有共同的遗传基础
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14601
Megan L. Blanchard, David B. Lowry, Liza M. Holeski

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

尽管有多种生态和进化假说预测了植物生长、繁殖和对食草动物的构成性抗性和/或诱导性抗性之间的表型关系模式,但这些假说并未对介导这些关系的潜在分子遗传机制做出任何预测。我们研究了黄猴花不同的植物生活史策略和改变生活史的基因座 DIV1 如何影响植物抗食草动物性状的可塑性,以应对两种食性不同的食草动物的攻击。生命史策略(一年生与多年生)和 DIV1 基因座显著影响构成型抗食草性的水平,以及普通食草动物和专食食草动物食草后的抗性诱导。与一年生植物相比,无论食草动物类型如何,多年生植物的单变量组成型防御和诱导型防御总水平都更高。一年生植物对一般食草动物的诱导反应低于多年生植物,而对专性食草动物的诱导反应在不同生态型中是相同的。DIV1 基因座对组成型防御和诱导型防御水平的影响取决于遗传背景、DIV1 的一年生与多年生单倍型以及食草动物特性。DIV1 的单变量诱导模式是非加性的,并不总是与基于一年生/多年生亲本分化模式的预期一致。例如,与一年生植物相比,多年生植物具有更高水平的组成型防御和诱导型防御,但当多年生遗传背景中存在一年生 DIV1 时,其对食草动物的诱导反应高于多年生亲本。多变量防御库的模式与单变量的模式基本相同,一年生和多年生猴花以及具有 DIV1 替代版本的猴花在组成型抗性和诱导型抗性方面差异显著。与单变量抗性一样,诱导多变量抗性也受食草动物特性的影响。我们的研究结果凸显了对食草动物的可塑性响应的遗传机制的复杂性。虽然生活史策略和组成型防御的表型差异的遗传位点也影响防御可塑性,但诱导反应也取决于遗传背景。这一结果表明,在猴花中,组成型防御与诱导型防御或诱导型防御与生活史策略之间可能存在一定程度的进化独立性。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Mycorrhizal arbitrage, a hypothesis: How mycoheterotrophs could profit from inefficiencies in the biological marketplace 菌根套利假说:菌根营养体如何从生物市场的低效率中获利
IF 5.2 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14609
Brian S. Steidinger
Mycoheterotrophy, whereby plants acquire both carbon and nutrients from a fungal partner, is an evolutionarily puzzling phenomenon. According to biological market models, mycoheterotrophs have nothing to offer and thus should be shunned as trading partners by discriminating fungi. Nevertheless, mycoheterotrophy is common, particularly among orchids, and an estimated 10% of all plant species are facultatively mycoheterotrophic at early stages in their life cycle. Reconciling mycoheterotrophy with biological market models, I describe how mycoheterotrophs could use arbitrage trading to net a profit of carbon and nutrients, without acquiring either from the abiotic environment. The model requires that mycoheterotrophs simultaneously buy and sell both carbon and nutrients, exploiting variability in the trading ratios offered by mycorrhizal fungi. The model relies on several conditions, including the ability of the mycoheterotroph to form indirect hyphal associations with two or more neighbouring autotrophic mycorrhizal associations, the existence of variable carbon:nutrient exchange ratios among these associations and the ability of mycoheterotrophs to invert the net‐direction of resource trade. Evidence that these conditions occur in a state of nature varies from incontrovertible to plausible given available models. The arbitrage model provides evolutionary rationale for mycoheterotrophy from both the plant and fungal perspective. Accordingly, mycoheterotrophs match trading ratios offered by autotrophic plants and, thus, need not be antagonists. The model makes novel predictions that distinguish it from source‐sink models, most notably in the existence of resource exchange inversions at the plant‐mycorrhizal interface. Finally, the model emphasizes market inefficiencies as the foundation on which mycoheterotrophs construct an arbitrage niche. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
菌根营养体(mycoheterotrophy)是植物从真菌伙伴那里获得碳和养分的一种进化现象,令人费解。根据生物市场模型,霉菌异养生物没什么可提供的,因此应该被挑剔的真菌拒之门外。然而,霉菌嗜多糖现象很常见,尤其是在兰花中,估计有 10%的植物物种在生命周期的早期阶段是假性霉菌嗜多糖的。通过将蜕膜异养生物与生物市场模型相协调,我描述了蜕膜异养生物如何利用套利交易来获取碳和养分,而无需从非生物环境中获取这两种物质。该模型要求菌根菌同时买卖碳和养分,利用菌根真菌提供的交易比率的可变性。该模型依赖于几个条件,包括菌根真菌能够与两个或多个相邻的自养菌根真菌形成间接的菌丝联系,这些联系之间存在可变的碳-养分交换比,以及菌根真菌能够逆转资源交易的净方向。根据现有模型,这些条件在自然状态下发生的证据从无可争议到似是而非不等。从植物和真菌的角度来看,套利模型为嗜真菌生物的进化提供了理论依据。据此,霉菌营养体与自养植物提供的交易比率相匹配,因此不必成为拮抗剂。该模型做出了有别于源-汇模型的新颖预测,其中最显著的是在植物-菌根界面存在资源交换倒置现象。最后,该模型强调市场低效是菌根菌构建套利利基的基础。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Ecosystem engineers shape ecological network structure and stability: A framework and literature review 生态系统工程师塑造生态网络结构和稳定性:框架和文献综述
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-23 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14608
Dirk Sanders, Enric Frago

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

生态系统工程是一个无处不在的过程,在这个过程中,物种会影响物理环境,从而构建生态群落。然而,在综合或预测生态系统工程如何影响相互作用网络的结构和稳定性方面却鲜有建树。为了评估目前科学界对生态系统工程通过生境形成、生境改造和生物扰动对相互作用网络/食物网的影响的理解,我们查阅了涉及海洋、淡水和陆地食物网、植物授粉者网络和理论的文献。我们提供了一个概念框架,并确定了通过改变资源可用性和能量流、生境异质性和环境过滤对网络产生工程影响的三个主要途径。这三个过程通常是协同作用的,大多数研究报告称,工程会增加物种的丰富性。对于增加生境异质性从而增加可用壁龛数量的工程而言,这一点尤为明显。网络结构对生态系统工程的反应各不相同,但从本综述中可以看出一些规律。工程栖息地的异质性会增加网络中物种之间的联系数量,并提高联系密度。连接性会受到生态系统工程师影响的负面或正面影响,这取决于工程途径和工程师对物种丰富度的影响。我们讨论了生态系统工程师如何通过改变生态位空间、多样性、网络结构以及对工程影响的依赖性来稳定或破坏群落。理论与实证需要相互借鉴,以更好地整合生态系统工程与生态网络。从机理上理解生态系统工程特征如何塑造相互作用网络及其稳定性,对于预测物种灭绝非常重要,并可为保护和生态系统恢复提供重要信息。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗摘要。
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期刊
Functional Ecology
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