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Thermal plasticity in protective wing pigmentation is modulated by genotype and food availability in an insect model of seasonal polyphenism 昆虫季节多态性模型中保护翼色素的热可塑性受基因型和食物供应的调节
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14602
E. van Bergen, G. Atencio, M. Saastamoinen, P. Beldade

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

自然种群中的表型变异源于生物与其不断变化的环境之间复杂的相互作用。环境既影响表型频率(在适应过程中),也影响生物表型(通过表型可塑性)。尤其是发育可塑性,是指生物的表型取决于发育过程中的环境条件的现象。它可以使表型与生态条件相匹配,帮助生物应对环境的异质性,包括季节交替之间的差异。发育可塑性的实验研究通常侧重于单个环境线索的影响,而没有明确考虑遗传变异。与此相反,自然环境是复杂的,由多种变量组成,其综合效应尚不清楚,而且可能因基因型而异。我们研究了多因素环境对Bicyclus anynana蝴蝶季节性可塑性眼斑发育的影响。眼斑的大小取决于发育温度,并参与避开捕食者的季节性策略。在自然界中,温度和食物供应都会发生季节性波动。然而,我们对眼斑大小的热可塑性如何随食物可获得性和不同基因型而变化的了解仍然有限。为了解决这个问题,我们研究了发育过程中温度(T;两个水平:20°C 和 27°C)和食物供应(N;两个水平:控制和限制)的综合影响。我们研究了它们对多基因型(G;28 个家系)成年雄性和雌性的翅膀和眼斑大小的影响。我们发现了热和营养可塑性以及温度-营养相互作用(显著的 T × N)对雌雄个体眼斑大小影响的证据。食物限制导致眼窝相对较小,并削弱了温度的影响。此外,我们还发现不同科的热可塑性存在差异(G × T效应显著),但营养可塑性(G × N效应不显著)以及温度和食物限制的综合效应(G × T × N效应不显著)不存在差异。我们的结果揭示了热可塑性的环境依赖性,不同基因型和不同营养环境下的热反应规范斜率各不相同。我们将根据色素沉着的生态意义以及在研究气候变化对生物影响时考虑热可塑性的价值来讨论这些结果。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Functional Ecology is moving to open access 功能生态学》转向开放获取
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14604
Lara Ferry, Dustin Marshall, Katie J. Field, Emma J. Sayer, Enrico Rezende, Jennifer Meyer

In the very first issue of Functional Ecology, the founding editors, Peter Calow and John Grace, said “The success and identity of a journal depends not so much on the Society behind it, nor even on the editors and their board, but on the scientists contributing to it.” (Calow & Grace, 1987). Functional Ecology has been fortunate that many scientists have indeed chosen the journal as the place to publish their exciting work over the years and as we move to become a fully open access journal, we will continue to support the scientists contributing to the journal, as readers, as reviewers and as authors.

Functional Ecology has been deeply committed to increasing the accessibility of the journal for readers and authors for many years. For over a decade, every paper published in the journal has been accompanied by a free plain language summary that makes it easier for readers to find and digest useful articles. We have provided help for authors via publishing workshops held both in person and online and have published several advice articles on effective science writing (Sayer, 2018, 2019; Sayer & Ferry, 2023).

For over 15 years, we have also offered authors the option to publish Open Access in Functional Ecology, paying an article processing charge to make their findings freely available to the many readers without a subscription to the journal.

In recent years, the number of authors taking this option has increased significantly, with more than half of our papers now being published open access and thus benefitting from the increased readership that this brings. Some content, however, still remains paywalled and less accessible to readers. In our move to becoming a fully open-access journal, we assure that all our content is equally accessible to all researchers—and we are also taking steps to ensure publishing in the journal remains accessible to all authors. While the majority of our authors have funding for open access available (provided by their department or institution, as part of their grant funding or through the increasing number of transformational deals), we will be providing author waivers through both Research4Life and the separate British Ecological Society waiver policy as well.

While Research4Life waivers are offered to authors in low-income countries, additional waivers are available for authors submitting to Functional Ecology from the rest of the world. These waivers are granted in line with the BES waiver policy, which applies to all BES open-access journals.

The importance of the BES waiver policy is evident from the data we have from our sister journal, Methods in Ecology and Evolution (MEE), which became a fully open-access journal two years ago. For MEE, waiver requests have come from (and been granted to) authors in over 15 different countries on six continents, at career stages ranging fro

在《功能生态学》创刊号上,创刊编辑彼得-卡洛(Peter Calow)和约翰-格雷斯(John Grace)说:"一份期刊的成功和特性与其说取决于它背后的学会,甚至也不取决于编辑和他们的董事会,而是取决于为它投稿的科学家。(Calow & Grace, 1987)。多年来,许多科学家确实选择了《功能生态学》作为他们发表精彩工作的地方,这是我们的幸运。随着我们成为完全开放的期刊,我们将继续支持为期刊投稿的科学家,包括读者、审稿人和作者。十多年来,本刊发表的每篇论文都附有免费的浅显语言摘要,方便读者查找和消化有用的文章。15 年来,我们还为作者提供了在《功能生态学》上发表开放存取论文的选择,作者只需支付文章处理费,就可以将自己的研究成果免费提供给许多没有订阅该期刊的读者。近年来,采用这种选择的作者人数大幅增加,我们一半以上的论文现在都是以开放存取的方式发表的,从而受益于由此带来的更多读者。然而,有些内容仍然是付费的,读者较难获取。在向完全开放获取期刊迈进的过程中,我们确保所有研究人员都能平等地获取我们的所有内容,同时我们也在采取措施,确保所有作者都能在期刊上发表文章。虽然我们的大多数作者都有开放存取的资金(由其所在部门或机构提供,作为其资助资金的一部分,或通过越来越多的转型交易),但我们也将通过Research4Life和英国生态学会的单独豁免政策为作者提供豁免。BES 的豁免政策适用于所有 BES 开放获取期刊。从我们的姐妹期刊《生态学与进化方法》(Methods in Ecology and Evolution,MEE)的数据中可以看出 BES 豁免政策的重要性,该期刊两年前成为完全开放获取期刊。MEE的豁免申请来自(并被批准)六大洲超过15个不同国家的作者,其职业阶段从学生到名誉教授不等,既有在学术界内的,也有在学术界外的。这些豁免使以前无法发表开放存取论文的作者得以发表论文,并从开放存取论文带来的更高曝光率中获益:论文被更多人阅读,被更多人引用,被更多人引用(Huang et al.对于作者,我们将继续在撰写和发表这些论文方面提供支持和指导,我们也将继续通过通俗易懂的语言摘要、博客文章、播客或社交媒体推广,帮助读者找到并获取重要内容。最后,我们与彼得-卡洛(Peter Calow)和约翰-格雷斯(John Grace)一样,认为作者是我们最大的优势。在转为开放获取并制定明确的作者支持计划后,我们希望生态学界更多的人都能享受到在《功能生态学》上发表文章的好处。我们感谢您一直以来的支持,并期待着与您一起迈出这激动人心的一步。
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引用次数: 0
Functional diversity of neighbours mediates sap flow density and radial growth of focal trees, but in different ways between evergreen and deciduous broadleaved species 相邻树种的功能多样性对树液流动密度和重点树种的径向生长有促进作用,但常绿阔叶树种和落叶阔叶树种的作用方式不同
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14610
Yongqiang Zhang, Yun-Hao Bai, Xia Chen, Yanpei Guo, Hong-Tu Zhang, Xuejiao Zhang, Shan Li, Bernhard Schmid, Helge Bruelheide, Keping Ma, Zhiyao Tang

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

树木的功能是由邻近物种通过种间相互作用和当地环境形成的。邻近树种的功能性状组成可以为了解邻近树种对焦点树种资源策略的影响提供机理上的启示。在本研究中,我们在大规模森林生物多样性操纵实验(BEF-China)中对12个物种48棵树的树液流动密度(SFD)和径向生长进行了自动高频测量,以研究邻近物种的功能性状组成对焦点树树液流动和径向生长的影响及其内在机制。我们发现SFD与生长之间存在正相关,反映了树液流动在树木生长中的重要支持作用。当考虑到所有树种时,邻近树种的高功能多样性(FD)会抑制SFD,但会促进生长,从而提高水分利用效率。邻近树木的习得性对生长有积极影响,表明种间具有促进作用。此外,邻近 FD 有利于常绿乔木的生长。然而,在落叶焦点树中,邻近FD降低了SFD,但对生长没有显著影响。我们的研究结果表明,考虑邻近群落的功能性状组成将有助于有效的植树造林和森林管理。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Patterns of constitutive and induced herbivore defence are complex, but share a common genetic basis in annual and perennial monkeyflower 一年生和多年生猴头花的构成型和诱导型食草动物防御模式十分复杂,但具有共同的遗传基础
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14601
Megan L. Blanchard, David B. Lowry, Liza M. Holeski

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

尽管有多种生态和进化假说预测了植物生长、繁殖和对食草动物的构成性抗性和/或诱导性抗性之间的表型关系模式,但这些假说并未对介导这些关系的潜在分子遗传机制做出任何预测。我们研究了黄猴花不同的植物生活史策略和改变生活史的基因座 DIV1 如何影响植物抗食草动物性状的可塑性,以应对两种食性不同的食草动物的攻击。生命史策略(一年生与多年生)和 DIV1 基因座显著影响构成型抗食草性的水平,以及普通食草动物和专食食草动物食草后的抗性诱导。与一年生植物相比,无论食草动物类型如何,多年生植物的单变量组成型防御和诱导型防御总水平都更高。一年生植物对一般食草动物的诱导反应低于多年生植物,而对专性食草动物的诱导反应在不同生态型中是相同的。DIV1 基因座对组成型防御和诱导型防御水平的影响取决于遗传背景、DIV1 的一年生与多年生单倍型以及食草动物特性。DIV1 的单变量诱导模式是非加性的,并不总是与基于一年生/多年生亲本分化模式的预期一致。例如,与一年生植物相比,多年生植物具有更高水平的组成型防御和诱导型防御,但当多年生遗传背景中存在一年生 DIV1 时,其对食草动物的诱导反应高于多年生亲本。多变量防御库的模式与单变量的模式基本相同,一年生和多年生猴花以及具有 DIV1 替代版本的猴花在组成型抗性和诱导型抗性方面差异显著。与单变量抗性一样,诱导多变量抗性也受食草动物特性的影响。我们的研究结果凸显了对食草动物的可塑性响应的遗传机制的复杂性。虽然生活史策略和组成型防御的表型差异的遗传位点也影响防御可塑性,但诱导反应也取决于遗传背景。这一结果表明,在猴花中,组成型防御与诱导型防御或诱导型防御与生活史策略之间可能存在一定程度的进化独立性。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Mycorrhizal arbitrage, a hypothesis: How mycoheterotrophs could profit from inefficiencies in the biological marketplace 菌根套利假说:菌根营养体如何从生物市场的低效率中获利
IF 5.2 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14609
Brian S. Steidinger
Mycoheterotrophy, whereby plants acquire both carbon and nutrients from a fungal partner, is an evolutionarily puzzling phenomenon. According to biological market models, mycoheterotrophs have nothing to offer and thus should be shunned as trading partners by discriminating fungi. Nevertheless, mycoheterotrophy is common, particularly among orchids, and an estimated 10% of all plant species are facultatively mycoheterotrophic at early stages in their life cycle. Reconciling mycoheterotrophy with biological market models, I describe how mycoheterotrophs could use arbitrage trading to net a profit of carbon and nutrients, without acquiring either from the abiotic environment. The model requires that mycoheterotrophs simultaneously buy and sell both carbon and nutrients, exploiting variability in the trading ratios offered by mycorrhizal fungi. The model relies on several conditions, including the ability of the mycoheterotroph to form indirect hyphal associations with two or more neighbouring autotrophic mycorrhizal associations, the existence of variable carbon:nutrient exchange ratios among these associations and the ability of mycoheterotrophs to invert the net‐direction of resource trade. Evidence that these conditions occur in a state of nature varies from incontrovertible to plausible given available models. The arbitrage model provides evolutionary rationale for mycoheterotrophy from both the plant and fungal perspective. Accordingly, mycoheterotrophs match trading ratios offered by autotrophic plants and, thus, need not be antagonists. The model makes novel predictions that distinguish it from source‐sink models, most notably in the existence of resource exchange inversions at the plant‐mycorrhizal interface. Finally, the model emphasizes market inefficiencies as the foundation on which mycoheterotrophs construct an arbitrage niche. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
菌根营养体(mycoheterotrophy)是植物从真菌伙伴那里获得碳和养分的一种进化现象,令人费解。根据生物市场模型,霉菌异养生物没什么可提供的,因此应该被挑剔的真菌拒之门外。然而,霉菌嗜多糖现象很常见,尤其是在兰花中,估计有 10%的植物物种在生命周期的早期阶段是假性霉菌嗜多糖的。通过将蜕膜异养生物与生物市场模型相协调,我描述了蜕膜异养生物如何利用套利交易来获取碳和养分,而无需从非生物环境中获取这两种物质。该模型要求菌根菌同时买卖碳和养分,利用菌根真菌提供的交易比率的可变性。该模型依赖于几个条件,包括菌根真菌能够与两个或多个相邻的自养菌根真菌形成间接的菌丝联系,这些联系之间存在可变的碳-养分交换比,以及菌根真菌能够逆转资源交易的净方向。根据现有模型,这些条件在自然状态下发生的证据从无可争议到似是而非不等。从植物和真菌的角度来看,套利模型为嗜真菌生物的进化提供了理论依据。据此,霉菌营养体与自养植物提供的交易比率相匹配,因此不必成为拮抗剂。该模型做出了有别于源-汇模型的新颖预测,其中最显著的是在植物-菌根界面存在资源交换倒置现象。最后,该模型强调市场低效是菌根菌构建套利利基的基础。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Ecosystem engineers shape ecological network structure and stability: A framework and literature review 生态系统工程师塑造生态网络结构和稳定性:框架和文献综述
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-23 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14608
Dirk Sanders, Enric Frago

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

生态系统工程是一个无处不在的过程,在这个过程中,物种会影响物理环境,从而构建生态群落。然而,在综合或预测生态系统工程如何影响相互作用网络的结构和稳定性方面却鲜有建树。为了评估目前科学界对生态系统工程通过生境形成、生境改造和生物扰动对相互作用网络/食物网的影响的理解,我们查阅了涉及海洋、淡水和陆地食物网、植物授粉者网络和理论的文献。我们提供了一个概念框架,并确定了通过改变资源可用性和能量流、生境异质性和环境过滤对网络产生工程影响的三个主要途径。这三个过程通常是协同作用的,大多数研究报告称,工程会增加物种的丰富性。对于增加生境异质性从而增加可用壁龛数量的工程而言,这一点尤为明显。网络结构对生态系统工程的反应各不相同,但从本综述中可以看出一些规律。工程栖息地的异质性会增加网络中物种之间的联系数量,并提高联系密度。连接性会受到生态系统工程师影响的负面或正面影响,这取决于工程途径和工程师对物种丰富度的影响。我们讨论了生态系统工程师如何通过改变生态位空间、多样性、网络结构以及对工程影响的依赖性来稳定或破坏群落。理论与实证需要相互借鉴,以更好地整合生态系统工程与生态网络。从机理上理解生态系统工程特征如何塑造相互作用网络及其稳定性,对于预测物种灭绝非常重要,并可为保护和生态系统恢复提供重要信息。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Early-life demographic processes do not drive adult sex ratio biases and mating systems in sympatric coucal species 生命早期的人口统计过程并不驱动同域轿鹿物种的成年性别比偏差和交配系统
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-23 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14600
Luke Eberhart-Hertel, Ignas Safari, Poyo Makomba, Anne Hertel, Wolfgang Goymann

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

1 引言 成体性别比(ASR)是性选择下进化的一个关键人口组成部分(Andersson, 1994; Clutton-Brock, 1991)。达尔文(1871 年)和迈尔(1939 年)注意到了性别比例不平等的重要性,但并没有发展出理论概念将这种变化与性别角色多样性联系起来,性别角色多样性被定义为雌性和雄性在配偶竞争、配偶选择和父母照料程度上的差异(Kappeler 等人,2023 年;Schärer 等人,2012 年)。如今,理论(Fromhage &amp; Jennions, 2016; Schacht et al., 2017)、实验(Clutton-Brock et al., 1997; Fritzsche &amp; Arnqvist, 2013)和比较证据(Eberhart-Phillips et al., 2018; Liker et al., 2013)表明,成年性别比例会影响繁殖决策,因为原则上有限性别在交配和养育决策中具有优势(Kokko &amp; Jennions, 2008; McNamara et al., 2000)。这种解释假定两性都不受性别角色的限制,因此选择可以作用于两性在竞争、交配或养育方面的投入以及投入的程度。然而,在自然界中,一个类群的系统发育、生活史和生态学会产生生理、行为、生态和进化方面的限制,这些限制可能会限制每种性别对成年性别比偏差做出反应的选择(Andersson,1995,2005;Klug 等人,2013)。例如,许多鸟类类群的雄性缺乏孵卵所需的血管化育雏斑块,这就限制了它们在成体性别比出现雄性偏向时的进化反应。除非先 "进化 "出育雏斑块,否则这些物种的雄性只能以更高的竞争来应对。因此,对理论进化模型的任何实证检验都需要考虑系统发育、生活史和环境制约因素。最近的理论发现,成熟性别比(达到性成熟并在一生中首次进入交配池的雌性和雄性的相对数量)和成年死亡率的性别差异是影响成年性别比的两个关键因素,进而影响交配和养育决定(Fromhage &amp; Jennions, 2016; Jennions &amp; Fromhage, 2017; Klug et al.来自海岸鸟类的经验证据支持这一理论(Eberhart-Phillips 等人,2017 年,2018 年;Kosztolányi 等人,2011 年;Loonstra 等人,2019 年)。与鸟类相比,哺乳动物的养育决定受到更多限制(部分原因是体内胎儿发育和哺乳),但哺乳动物中性别特异性的幼年死亡率仍会对交配竞争产生影响。例如,在瓶鼻海豚(Tursiops aduncus)中,幼年雄性的死亡率高于雌性:它们在开始形成雄性联盟的时期受到年长雄性的威胁,而雄性联盟对它们未来交配的成功至关重要(McEntee等人,2023年)。与此相反,野马种群中偏向雄性的成年性别比并不是由偏向性别的幼马死亡率造成的,而是由于雌马的成年死亡率较高,从而影响了雄马之间的竞争和繁殖群体的组成(Regan等人,2020)。体型上的性别差异可能会导致性别偏向性死亡率,这可能是因为父母对体型较大的性别投资较少(Fisher,1930年),也可能是因为体型较大的性别在生长过程中更容易受到不利环境条件的影响(Clutton-Brock等人,1985年,1997年;Kalmbach &amp; Benito,2007年;Loonstra等人,2019年;Roskaft &amp; Slagsvold,1985年;Weatherhead &amp; Teather,1991年)。然而,在雌雄二形的猛禽中,雏鸟死亡率是平衡的,或者较小性别的死亡率较高,这表明巢内的竞争有利于较大性别的猛禽(牛顿,1979年)。就一般鸟类而言,最近的比较数据表明,雌性较大的幼鸟死亡率通常较高(Benito &amp; González-Solís, 2007)。因此,雌雄个体在个体发育过程中的存活率不同会导致成年雌雄比例失调,从而影响繁殖决策,包括哪种性别更有可能竞争配偶或提供父母照料。研究高度性别二形与单形物种的此类过程可能有助于了解成年性别比偏差的原因及其对交配和养育决策的影响。因此,我们在这里检验了早期人口统计--特别是幼体死亡率的性别差异--是否会影响轿马(百足目)的成年性别比,进而影响交配和养育决定。杜鹃是一种非寄生性筑巢杜鹃,根据物种不同,雌杜鹃的体型要比雄杜鹃大一些(Andersson, 1995; Erritzoe等人, 2012)。
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引用次数: 0
Not just candy: A herbivore-induced defence-related plant protein in honeydew enhances natural enemy fitness 不仅仅是糖果蜜露中一种由食草动物诱导的与防御有关的植物蛋白能增强天敌的体能
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-23 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14605
Pablo Urbaneja-Bernat, Cesar Rodriguez-Saona, M. Luz Valero, Joel González-Cabrera, Alejandro Tena

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食草动物的取食往往会增加植物次生代谢物的产生。这些由食草动物诱导的植物蛋白最终可能会进入以韧皮部为食的昆虫排泄的蜜露中。这一点很重要,因为在许多农业生态系统中,蜜露是天敌最丰富、最容易获得的碳水化合物来源之一,因此这些蛋白质可以介导许多三营养体之间的相互作用。在这里,我们假设,食草昆虫在韧皮部诱导的防御性代谢物会在韧皮部食草昆虫排出的蜜露中积累,从而影响以蜜露为食的食草昆虫天敌的适应性。我们使用了一个三营养系统,包括柑橘植物、蚧壳虫 Planococcus citri 及其主要寄生虫 Anagyrus vladimiri。首先,我们评估了以柑橘蚧蜜露为食的柑橘蚧的适应性。然后,我们收集了包括 P. citri 在内的七种以韧皮部为食的昆虫的蜜露,并分析了它们的蛋白质含量。最后,我们分析了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)对 A. vladimiri 体能的影响,超氧化物歧化酶是一种与植物防御有关的抗氧化酶,通常存在于所分析的蜜露中。与以蔗糖为基础的食物相比,以蜜露为食物的 A. vladimiri 的适应能力有所提高,这表明蜜露中含有有利于天敌的化合物。蛋白质组分析表明,所分析的七种以韧皮部为食的昆虫的蜜露中含有与防御有关的植物蛋白。其中,所有昆虫的蜜露中都含有 SOD 酶。此外,受柠檬蓟马侵扰的植物韧皮部中的 SOD 含量是未受侵扰植物的 10 倍。柑橘蚜蜜露中也会主动排出 SOD,而且我们证明它能提高寄生虫 A. vladimiri 的繁殖力。我们的结论是,在韧皮部食草昆虫排泄的蜜露中积累了由韧皮部食草诱导并参与植物防御的酶蛋白,而且与目前的模式相反,其中至少有一些酶蛋白会对第三营养级产生积极影响。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Neighbour-detection causes shifts in allocation across multiple organs to prepare plants for light competition 邻接检测导致多个器官的分配发生变化,使植物为光照竞争做好准备
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14603
Isaac K. Uyehara, Trixie Bechinger, Alex Jordan, Mark van Kleunen

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

为了最大限度地提高适生性,植物必须根据非生物和生物环境调整其分配策略。植物可以利用红光和远红光的比例(R:FR)来感知邻居,从而改变自己的生长以应对地上部的竞争。在这项研究中,我们利用补充的远红外光来人为降低普通向日葵(Helianthus annuus)下部叶片的红外光与远红外光之比,以研究植物如何改变其生长以应对邻居的威胁。我们将这一处理与氮肥处理相结合,以研究对邻近检测的反应如何与氮限制相互作用。在低R:FR条件下生长的植物在增加高度的同时牺牲了根系的生长,导致氮限制限制了叶片的生长。然而,我们发现,在低 R:FR 条件下,植物减少了对叶片的氮投入。通过在低光合有效辐射叶片经历低光合有效辐射之前削弱这些叶片的氮汇强度,植物能够预先将氮分配给冠层中较高的叶片。植物通过同时将资源从根的生长转移到茎的伸长,从受到邻居威胁的叶片转移到会对邻居构成威胁的叶片,来对邻居的感知做出反应。这种对邻居探测的全植物反应使植物能够改变其分配方式,同时管理其有限的氮,并为未来的光竞争做好准备。在期刊博客上免费阅读本文的通俗摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Functional diversity loss and taxonomic delays of European freshwater fish and North American breeding birds 欧洲淡水鱼类和北美繁殖鸟类的功能多样性丧失和分类延迟
IF 4.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-09 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14599
Lucie Kuczynski, Ana Maria Bastidas Urrutia, Helmut Hillebrand

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

生物多样性具有时间动态性,反映了历史环境条件并影响生态系统的稳定性。定殖和灭绝动态经常表现出不同步的模式,导致净失衡,从而造成长期的丰富度趋势。利用欧洲淡水鱼类和北美繁殖鸟类的群落时间序列数据,我们研究了 fNICE 与其分类学等价物(tNICE)的不同之处,从而提供了一幅生物多样性动态的综合图景。我们的研究结果表明,分类学和功能延迟是一个普遍特征,它挑战了对环境变化立即做出反应的假设。分类延迟表现为灭绝债务和殖民信用,而功能延迟则表明随着时间的推移,功能增益和损失之间的平衡发生了变化。此外,我们还发现,分类学和功能失衡并不总是直接相关的,尽管在鱼类和鸟类中发现了一些特定的模式。早期的定殖超过了功能增益,这表明尽管新物种的到来早于其他物种的灭绝,但新功能特征的获得却滞后了。虽然这可能会暂时稳定群落,因为功能冗余可以减轻因局部灭绝而造成的功能丧失,但过度冗余会损害生物多样性应对环境变化的能力,从而破坏长期恢复力。虽然短期观察可能表明多样性与环境条件之间存在平衡,但我们的研究结果强调了考虑长期动态以及物种特征与不断变化的环境之间相互作用的重要性。tNICE和fNICE指标是量化这些时间动态并揭示其对生态系统稳定性影响的宝贵工具。将这些见解纳入保护战略有助于积极保护生物多样性和维护生态系统的完整性。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Functional Ecology
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