Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.2320/JINSTMET.JE201602
Kenya Fujima, T. Morimoto, Hiroyuki Itoigawa, Dai Becchaku
The platinum group metals (PGM: platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, and osmium) are widely used in electrical devices and in catalysts. It is important that sustainable methods of recycling PGMs in waste electrical devices and catalysts are developed because PGMs are expensive and new sources in the Earth's crust are limited. In this work, processes for recycling ruthenium, platinum, palladium, and rhodium based on chlorination in molten chloride flux are investigated. Scrap containing ruthenium was chlorinated using Cl2 at 873 K in molten LiCl–NaCl, then the ruthenium was reduced using flowing H2 in molten salt. As a result 99.96 mass% Ru powder was obtained. Platinum, palladium, or rhodium was chlorinated using Cl2 at 973 K in molten NaCl– CsCl. The chloride complex containing Pt, Pd, and Rh at the desired composition was then treated using one of two processes. In one, the complex was oxidized using Na2CO3 and then reduced on granular CaCO3 in flowing H2 at 1473 K. In the other, the complex in the solid state was directly reduced using flowing H2. Both processes gave PGM–alloy powder products with the desired compositions. The morphologies of the PGM powders could be controlled in recycling process. [doi:10.2320/jinstmet.JE201602]
铂族金属(PGM:铂、钯、铑、钌、铱和锇)广泛用于电气设备和催化剂。由于铂基金属价格昂贵，而且地壳中的新来源有限，因此开发回收废弃电气设备和催化剂中铂基金属的可持续方法非常重要。本文研究了基于熔融氯化物助熔剂氯化法回收钌、铂、钯和铑的工艺。将含钌废料在熔融LiCl-NaCl中以873 K Cl2氯化，然后在熔融盐中用流动的H2还原钌。结果表明，制备的Ru粉质量为99.96%。在熔融NaCl - CsCl中，用Cl2在973 K下氯化铂、钯或铑。然后用两种方法中的一种处理含有Pt、Pd和Rh的氯络合物。其中一种是用Na2CO3氧化配合物，然后在1473 K的流动H2中用颗粒状CaCO3还原。另一种方法是利用流动的H2直接还原固态的络合物。两种工艺都能得到具有所需成分的pgm合金粉末产品。在回收过程中，PGM粉末的形貌是可以控制的。(doi: 10.2320 / jinstmet.JE201602)
{"title":"Development of a Process for Recycling Platinum Group Metals Using Molten Alkali Metal Chlorides","authors":"Kenya Fujima, T. Morimoto, Hiroyuki Itoigawa, Dai Becchaku","doi":"10.2320/JINSTMET.JE201602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2320/JINSTMET.JE201602","url":null,"abstract":"The platinum group metals (PGM: platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, and osmium) are widely used in electrical devices and in catalysts. It is important that sustainable methods of recycling PGMs in waste electrical devices and catalysts are developed because PGMs are expensive and new sources in the Earth's crust are limited. In this work, processes for recycling ruthenium, platinum, palladium, and rhodium based on chlorination in molten chloride flux are investigated. Scrap containing ruthenium was chlorinated using Cl2 at 873 K in molten LiCl–NaCl, then the ruthenium was reduced using flowing H2 in molten salt. As a result 99.96 mass% Ru powder was obtained. Platinum, palladium, or rhodium was chlorinated using Cl2 at 973 K in molten NaCl– CsCl. The chloride complex containing Pt, Pd, and Rh at the desired composition was then treated using one of two processes. In one, the complex was oxidized using Na2CO3 and then reduced on granular CaCO3 in flowing H2 at 1473 K. In the other, the complex in the solid state was directly reduced using flowing H2. Both processes gave PGM–alloy powder products with the desired compositions. The morphologies of the PGM powders could be controlled in recycling process. [doi:10.2320/jinstmet.JE201602]","PeriodicalId":17337,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Institute of Metals","volume":"2011 1","pages":"168-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89692071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.2320/JINSTMET.J2016045
R. Hashimoto, M. Morita, O. Umezawa, Shin-ichi Motoda
The amounts of calcium carbonate adhered on sheets (PVC, carbon steel, Type 316 stainless steel, and Cu) and coated steels sheets (Cu, Zn, Ni, Ni–P, and Ni–W–P coated steels) were investigated in the synthesis solution. The transformation and crystal growth of the calcium carbonate were different among the materials. The primary form in the adhered polymorphisms was calcite on PVC, carbon steel, Type 316 stainless steel, Cu, and Cu coated steel, and aragonite on Zn, Ni, Ni–P, and Ni–W–P coated steels, and vaterite was not primary form on all materials. The materials, on which the primary form in the adhesion polymorphisms is calcite, showed large adhesion amounts because calcite is stable phase and its solubility is lower than the other polymorphisms. The crystal growths of the specific polymorphisms on some materials were inhibited, and the irregular shapes of their polymorphisms formed: calcite adhered on carbon steel and Ni, Ni–P, Ni–W–P coated steels, aragonite adhered on Zn, Ni–P, and Ni–W–P coated steels became the irregular shape. The comprised elements of the material surfaces were detected at the surface of the calcium carbonate crystals adhered on the materials. The transformation and crystal growth are affected by the elution ions from the material surfaces, and the effects of eluted ions (Fe2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, and PO4) from these materials were almost same with the ones of previous studies. To reduce the adhesion amount of calcium carbonate, the material comprised of the elements, which shows the inhibitor effects of the transformation and the crystal growths of many kinds of polymorphisms, is better. [doi:10.2320/ jinstmet.J2016045]
在合成溶液中考察了碳酸钙在板材(PVC、碳钢、316型不锈钢和Cu)和涂层钢板(Cu、Zn、Ni、Ni - p和Ni - w - p涂层钢)上的粘附量。不同材料的碳酸钙的相变和晶体生长不同。在PVC、碳钢、316型不锈钢、Cu和Cu涂层钢上的主要形态是方解石，在Zn、Ni、Ni - p和Ni - w - p涂层钢上的主要形态是文石，而不是所有材料上的主要形态都是水晶石。由于方解石是稳定相，其溶解度低于其他形态，因此以方解石为主的材料表现出较大的粘附量。某些材料上特定晶型的晶体生长受到抑制，晶型形成不规则形状:方解石附着在碳钢和Ni、Ni - p、Ni - w - p涂层钢上，文石附着在Zn、Ni - p和Ni - w - p涂层钢上，形成不规则形状。在附着在材料上的碳酸钙晶体表面检测材料表面的组成元素。材料表面的洗脱离子影响了晶体的转变和生长，洗脱离子(Fe2+， Cu2+， Zn2+， Ni2+， PO4)对材料的影响与前人的研究结果基本相同。为了降低碳酸钙的附着量，元素组成的材料表现出抑制多种晶型转变和晶体生长的效果较好。(doi: 10.2320 / jinstmet。J2016045]
{"title":"Effect of Ions Eluted from Metal Surface on Transformation and Growth of Calcium Carbonate Polymorphisms","authors":"R. Hashimoto, M. Morita, O. Umezawa, Shin-ichi Motoda","doi":"10.2320/JINSTMET.J2016045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2320/JINSTMET.J2016045","url":null,"abstract":"The amounts of calcium carbonate adhered on sheets (PVC, carbon steel, Type 316 stainless steel, and Cu) and coated steels sheets (Cu, Zn, Ni, Ni–P, and Ni–W–P coated steels) were investigated in the synthesis solution. The transformation and crystal growth of the calcium carbonate were different among the materials. The primary form in the adhered polymorphisms was calcite on PVC, carbon steel, Type 316 stainless steel, Cu, and Cu coated steel, and aragonite on Zn, Ni, Ni–P, and Ni–W–P coated steels, and vaterite was not primary form on all materials. The materials, on which the primary form in the adhesion polymorphisms is calcite, showed large adhesion amounts because calcite is stable phase and its solubility is lower than the other polymorphisms. The crystal growths of the specific polymorphisms on some materials were inhibited, and the irregular shapes of their polymorphisms formed: calcite adhered on carbon steel and Ni, Ni–P, Ni–W–P coated steels, aragonite adhered on Zn, Ni–P, and Ni–W–P coated steels became the irregular shape. The comprised elements of the material surfaces were detected at the surface of the calcium carbonate crystals adhered on the materials. The transformation and crystal growth are affected by the elution ions from the material surfaces, and the effects of eluted ions (Fe2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, and PO4) from these materials were almost same with the ones of previous studies. To reduce the adhesion amount of calcium carbonate, the material comprised of the elements, which shows the inhibitor effects of the transformation and the crystal growths of many kinds of polymorphisms, is better. [doi:10.2320/ jinstmet.J2016045]","PeriodicalId":17337,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Institute of Metals","volume":"17 1","pages":"89-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73905923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.2320/JINSTMET.J2017003
A. Sekita, Aira Matsugaki, T. Nakano
Bone matrix exhibits highly anisotropic features derived from collagen/apatite orientation, that determine the mechanical function of bone tissue. Breast cancer is highly metastatic to bone tissue and causes osteolytic lesions through osteoclast activation. Nevertheless, the effects of osteoclast activation induced by cancer bone metastasis on bone microstructure, a notable aspect of the bone quality, remains uncertain. In the present study, the effects of osteolytic bone metastasis on the anisotropic microstructure of the bone matrix, particularly the integrity of collagen fibril orientation was investigated. Interestingly, hyperactivation of osteoclasts was induced by osteolytic breast cancer cells both in vivo and in vitro. The cancer cells-derived conditioned medium induced an increased number of nuclei and more specific podosome structures in osteoclasts. These results indicate the resorptive capacity of a single osteoclast was abnormally upregulated in the cancer-mediated environment, causing a geometrical aberration in resorption cavities. Histological studies on mouse femurs with metastasis of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells revealed that the osteoclasts in the metastatic bone were abnormally large and they generated resorption cavities that are irregular both in size and in shape. Notably, collagen matrix in newly formed bone in the metastatic bone exhibited a significantly disorganized architecture. [doi:10.2320/jinstmet.J2017003]
{"title":"Impaired Bone Matrix Alignment Induced by Breast Cancer Metastasis","authors":"A. Sekita, Aira Matsugaki, T. Nakano","doi":"10.2320/JINSTMET.J2017003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2320/JINSTMET.J2017003","url":null,"abstract":"Bone matrix exhibits highly anisotropic features derived from collagen/apatite orientation, that determine the mechanical function of bone tissue. Breast cancer is highly metastatic to bone tissue and causes osteolytic lesions through osteoclast activation. Nevertheless, the effects of osteoclast activation induced by cancer bone metastasis on bone microstructure, a notable aspect of the bone quality, remains uncertain. In the present study, the effects of osteolytic bone metastasis on the anisotropic microstructure of the bone matrix, particularly the integrity of collagen fibril orientation was investigated. Interestingly, hyperactivation of osteoclasts was induced by osteolytic breast cancer cells both in vivo and in vitro. The cancer cells-derived conditioned medium induced an increased number of nuclei and more specific podosome structures in osteoclasts. These results indicate the resorptive capacity of a single osteoclast was abnormally upregulated in the cancer-mediated environment, causing a geometrical aberration in resorption cavities. Histological studies on mouse femurs with metastasis of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells revealed that the osteoclasts in the metastatic bone were abnormally large and they generated resorption cavities that are irregular both in size and in shape. Notably, collagen matrix in newly formed bone in the metastatic bone exhibited a significantly disorganized architecture. [doi:10.2320/jinstmet.J2017003]","PeriodicalId":17337,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Institute of Metals","volume":"29 1","pages":"308-314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79050892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.2320/JINSTMET.J2016055
Y. Sakamoto, S. Takemura, Wataru Yamazaki, Masao Shimura, S. Ishihara
Many research studies have been conducted so far about the occurrence of the whiskers in Sn-plating. However, most of them have paid attention to the generation mechanism of the whiskers, and to the time variations of both the number and lengths of the whiskers. Very few research studies have been conducted on the correlation between the generation of the intermetallic compound and the occurrence of the whiskers. In the present study, double-layer plating(Sn/Cu thin films)was electrodeposited on the 7-3 brass substrate to investigate quantitatively the time variation of the amount of the intermetallic compound generated in the Sn plating film. It was clarified that the relation between the amount of the intermetallic compound and the elapsed time can be expressed by the two different straight lines on the log-log graph. In the early stage until the first seven days after the plating processing, the rate of the generation amount of the intermetallic compound was faster than that in the next stage. When the amount of the intermetallic compound per area is less than 5% , the whisker density increased with an increase in the amount of the intermetallic compound per area. On the other hand, in more than 5% of domains of the intermetallic compound per area, a clear correlation between them was not observed. It is considered that the internal compressive stresses increase in the inside of the Sn plating with an increase in the amount of the intermetallic compound. It is inferred that the whiskers arise on the Sn-plating film to release the above internal compressive stress. Seven days later after the plating processing, the generation rate of the amount of the intermetallic compound decreased because of the change in the diffusion mechanism, i.e. from the grain boundary diffusion to the volume one. Corresponding to the rate of the amount of the intermetallic compound, the rate of the whiskers formation was also suppressed. [doi:10.2320/jinstmet.J2016055]
{"title":"Study on the Generation of the Intermetallic Compound and the Occurrence of the Whiskers Observed in the Double-Layer Plating System （Sn/Cu）","authors":"Y. Sakamoto, S. Takemura, Wataru Yamazaki, Masao Shimura, S. Ishihara","doi":"10.2320/JINSTMET.J2016055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2320/JINSTMET.J2016055","url":null,"abstract":"Many research studies have been conducted so far about the occurrence of the whiskers in Sn-plating. However, most of them have paid attention to the generation mechanism of the whiskers, and to the time variations of both the number and lengths of the whiskers. Very few research studies have been conducted on the correlation between the generation of the intermetallic compound and the occurrence of the whiskers. In the present study, double-layer plating(Sn/Cu thin films)was electrodeposited on the 7-3 brass substrate to investigate quantitatively the time variation of the amount of the intermetallic compound generated in the Sn plating film. It was clarified that the relation between the amount of the intermetallic compound and the elapsed time can be expressed by the two different straight lines on the log-log graph. In the early stage until the first seven days after the plating processing, the rate of the generation amount of the intermetallic compound was faster than that in the next stage. When the amount of the intermetallic compound per area is less than 5% , the whisker density increased with an increase in the amount of the intermetallic compound per area. On the other hand, in more than 5% of domains of the intermetallic compound per area, a clear correlation between them was not observed. It is considered that the internal compressive stresses increase in the inside of the Sn plating with an increase in the amount of the intermetallic compound. It is inferred that the whiskers arise on the Sn-plating film to release the above internal compressive stress. Seven days later after the plating processing, the generation rate of the amount of the intermetallic compound decreased because of the change in the diffusion mechanism, i.e. from the grain boundary diffusion to the volume one. Corresponding to the rate of the amount of the intermetallic compound, the rate of the whiskers formation was also suppressed. [doi:10.2320/jinstmet.J2016055]","PeriodicalId":17337,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Institute of Metals","volume":"9 1","pages":"226-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75214046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.2320/JINSTMET.J2017022
T. Yokota, A. Maruyama, Takashi Yamada, K. Iwai
For clarification of vibrating electromagnetic force effect on concentration boundary layer thickness formed near solid–liquid interface, a metal copper working as an anodic electrode was dissolved into an electrolyte aqueous solution under the imposition of a vibrating electromagnetic force. For its excitation, a current composed of DC and AC components and a static magnetic field were simultaneously imposed on an electrolyte aqueous solution. Because the copper divalent ions concentration is related with brightness of the solution by Lambert–Beer law, brightness of the recorded data using a video camera was directly used for evaluation of the concentration boundary layer thickness formed near the anodic electrode. The concentration boundary layer thicknesses formed under the imposition of the DC current and the static magnetic field, under the imposition of the DC & AC superimposing current without a static magnetic field, and under the imposition of the DC current without a static magnetic field were almost the same, while that formed under the imposition of the DC & AC superimposing current and the static magnetic field was thinner in comparison with the other three conditions. Hydrodynamic instability induced by the vibrating electromagnetic force through a large velocity gradient when the DC & AC superimposing current and the static magnetic field were imposed on the solution might be the reason of the thinner concentration boundary layer. This might be a new tool for controlling mass transfer rate in a concentration boundary layer. [doi:10.2320/jinstmet.J2017022]
{"title":"Decrease of Concentration Boundary Layer Thickness by Using Vibrating Electromagnetic Force","authors":"T. Yokota, A. Maruyama, Takashi Yamada, K. Iwai","doi":"10.2320/JINSTMET.J2017022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2320/JINSTMET.J2017022","url":null,"abstract":"For clarification of vibrating electromagnetic force effect on concentration boundary layer thickness formed near solid–liquid interface, a metal copper working as an anodic electrode was dissolved into an electrolyte aqueous solution under the imposition of a vibrating electromagnetic force. For its excitation, a current composed of DC and AC components and a static magnetic field were simultaneously imposed on an electrolyte aqueous solution. Because the copper divalent ions concentration is related with brightness of the solution by Lambert–Beer law, brightness of the recorded data using a video camera was directly used for evaluation of the concentration boundary layer thickness formed near the anodic electrode. The concentration boundary layer thicknesses formed under the imposition of the DC current and the static magnetic field, under the imposition of the DC & AC superimposing current without a static magnetic field, and under the imposition of the DC current without a static magnetic field were almost the same, while that formed under the imposition of the DC & AC superimposing current and the static magnetic field was thinner in comparison with the other three conditions. Hydrodynamic instability induced by the vibrating electromagnetic force through a large velocity gradient when the DC & AC superimposing current and the static magnetic field were imposed on the solution might be the reason of the thinner concentration boundary layer. This might be a new tool for controlling mass transfer rate in a concentration boundary layer. [doi:10.2320/jinstmet.J2017022]","PeriodicalId":17337,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Institute of Metals","volume":"23 1","pages":"516-521"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83289610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.2320/JINSTMET.JB201703
Norifumi Kochi, Y. Nishiyama
Steam oxidation resistance of Fe20Cr30Ni (at%) austenitic stainless steels with Nb, Mo, Ta, and W was investigated at 700°C. The Cr2O3 layer uniformly formed at the boundary between a spinel-type oxide scale and a metal substrate of alloys containing Nb, Mo, or W inhibits the growth of the oxide scale to improve steam oxidation resistance. During the heating at a high temperature, intermetallic compounds consisting of Fe and the added elements precipitate in the alloy and alter the chemical composition of the solute elements. The Cr activity gradient becomes large between the alloy substrate and the Cr depletion zone beneath the oxide scale since the amounts of precipitation differ between them, leading to enhancement of the Cr flux outward. It is indicated that an increase in the Cr flux accelerates the formation of the Cr2O3 layer. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.M2018261]
{"title":"Thermodynamic Consideration on Steam Oxidation Resistance of Austenitic Stainless Steels Forming Intermetallic Compound","authors":"Norifumi Kochi, Y. Nishiyama","doi":"10.2320/JINSTMET.JB201703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2320/JINSTMET.JB201703","url":null,"abstract":"Steam oxidation resistance of Fe20Cr30Ni (at%) austenitic stainless steels with Nb, Mo, Ta, and W was investigated at 700°C. The Cr2O3 layer uniformly formed at the boundary between a spinel-type oxide scale and a metal substrate of alloys containing Nb, Mo, or W inhibits the growth of the oxide scale to improve steam oxidation resistance. During the heating at a high temperature, intermetallic compounds consisting of Fe and the added elements precipitate in the alloy and alter the chemical composition of the solute elements. The Cr activity gradient becomes large between the alloy substrate and the Cr depletion zone beneath the oxide scale since the amounts of precipitation differ between them, leading to enhancement of the Cr flux outward. It is indicated that an increase in the Cr flux accelerates the formation of the Cr2O3 layer. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.M2018261]","PeriodicalId":17337,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Institute of Metals","volume":"07 1","pages":"427-434"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88014238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.2320/JINSTMET.JAW201707
Junya Takasaki, K. Kuribayashi, S. Ozawa
Spherical samples of Tm 1 ︲ x Sc x FeO 3 were solidified from the undercooled melt under the containerless state using an aerody - namic levitation （ ADL ） furnace. The change of solidification behavior from double recalescence to single recalescence and powder X ︲ ray diffraction （ XRD ） analysis of as ︲ solidified samples revealed that metastable hexagonal LnFeO 3 （ h ︲ LnFeO 3 ） stabilizes with increasing of mole fraction of Sc. The reason for this stabilization was ascribed to the decrease of the difference in the liquidus temperatures of stable orthorhombic LnFeO 3 （ o ︲ LnFeO 3 ） and metastable h ︲ LnFeO 3 phases. Annealing the as ︲ solidified samples at 1473 K for 1 hour resulted in the two ︲ phase coexistent states of o ︲ LnFeO 3 and garnet （ c ︲ A 3 B 5 O 12 ） at 0 ＜ x ＜ 0 . 3, c ︲ A 3 B 5 O 12 and h ︲ LnFeO 3 at 0 . 3 ＜ x ＜ 0 . 5 , and h ︲ LnFeO 3 and c ︲ ScFeO 3 at 0 . 5 ＜ x ＜ 1 . 0. Based on these results, we proposed the quasi binary phase diagram between TmFeO 3 and ScFeO 3 . ［ doi:10 . 2320 / jinstmet.JAW201707 ］ （ ）
利用空气动力悬浮(ADL)炉在无容器状态下从过冷熔体中凝固Tm 1︲x Sc x feo3球状样品。凝固行为的改变从双复辉单一复辉和︲粉末X射线衍射(XRD)分析︲固化样品显示,亚稳六角LnFeO 3 (h︲LnFeO 3)与摩尔分数的增加Sc稳定。这种稳定的原因归因于不同的降低液相线温度稳定的斜方晶系的LnFeO 3 (o︲LnFeO 3)和亚稳h︲LnFeO 3阶段。将凝固后的as︲样品在1473 K下退火1小时，在0 < x < 0处得到o︲lnfeo3和石榴石(c︲a3b5o12)两种︲相共存态。3, c︲A 3 B 5 O 12和h︲LnFeO 3在0。3 < x < 0。5, h︲lnfeo3和c︲scfeo3在0时。5 < x < 1。0. 基于这些结果，我们提出了tmfeo3和scfeo3之间的准二元相图。[doi:10]2320 / jinstmet。[201707] ()
{"title":"Constitution of Stable and Metastable Quasi Binary Phase Diagrams for TmFeO 3 -ScFeO 3 System by Undercooling Solidification Using the Containerless Technique","authors":"Junya Takasaki, K. Kuribayashi, S. Ozawa","doi":"10.2320/JINSTMET.JAW201707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2320/JINSTMET.JAW201707","url":null,"abstract":"Spherical samples of Tm 1 ︲ x Sc x FeO 3 were solidified from the undercooled melt under the containerless state using an aerody - namic levitation （ ADL ） furnace. The change of solidification behavior from double recalescence to single recalescence and powder X ︲ ray diffraction （ XRD ） analysis of as ︲ solidified samples revealed that metastable hexagonal LnFeO 3 （ h ︲ LnFeO 3 ） stabilizes with increasing of mole fraction of Sc. The reason for this stabilization was ascribed to the decrease of the difference in the liquidus temperatures of stable orthorhombic LnFeO 3 （ o ︲ LnFeO 3 ） and metastable h ︲ LnFeO 3 phases. Annealing the as ︲ solidified samples at 1473 K for 1 hour resulted in the two ︲ phase coexistent states of o ︲ LnFeO 3 and garnet （ c ︲ A 3 B 5 O 12 ） at 0 ＜ x ＜ 0 . 3, c ︲ A 3 B 5 O 12 and h ︲ LnFeO 3 at 0 . 3 ＜ x ＜ 0 . 5 , and h ︲ LnFeO 3 and c ︲ ScFeO 3 at 0 . 5 ＜ x ＜ 1 . 0. Based on these results, we proposed the quasi binary phase diagram between TmFeO 3 and ScFeO 3 . ［ doi:10 . 2320 / jinstmet.JAW201707 ］ （ ）","PeriodicalId":17337,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Institute of Metals","volume":"368 1","pages":"522-526"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80410211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-01DOI: 10.2320/JINSTMET.J2015024
S. Ando
The electrodeposition behavior of Zn-Ni alloys produced from acidic sulfate solutions was investigated from partial polarization curves obtained during alloy electrodeposition. At the current density at which the co-deposition of Zn-Ni alloys produced anomalous results, we found that Zn deposition is polarized and is affected by the bath Zn concentration and ow rate. This indicates that Zn deposition is controlled by diffusion at high current densities. Under the conditions for increased Zn deposition, Ni deposition was not suppressed even in the region of anomalous co-deposition. With a low pH bath, the Ni concentration in the deposit did not increase under a high current density because of strong suppression of Ni deposition under the low pH condition. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.M2016253]
{"title":"高電流密度下における硫酸酸性浴からの Zn-Ni 合金析出挙動","authors":"S. Ando","doi":"10.2320/JINSTMET.J2015024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2320/JINSTMET.J2015024","url":null,"abstract":"The electrodeposition behavior of Zn-Ni alloys produced from acidic sulfate solutions was investigated from partial polarization curves obtained during alloy electrodeposition. At the current density at which the co-deposition of Zn-Ni alloys produced anomalous results, we found that Zn deposition is polarized and is affected by the bath Zn concentration and ow rate. This indicates that Zn deposition is controlled by diffusion at high current densities. Under the conditions for increased Zn deposition, Ni deposition was not suppressed even in the region of anomalous co-deposition. With a low pH bath, the Ni concentration in the deposit did not increase under a high current density because of strong suppression of Ni deposition under the low pH condition. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.M2016253]","PeriodicalId":17337,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Institute of Metals","volume":"91 1","pages":"398-403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82742993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-28DOI: 10.2320/JINSTMET.JD201603
亮太 近藤, 俊祐 佐竹, 孝之 田中, 博之 竹下
{"title":"純MgおよびMg-Al-Zn合金における金属内部でのMg水素化物の生成","authors":"亮太 近藤, 俊祐 佐竹, 孝之 田中, 博之 竹下","doi":"10.2320/JINSTMET.JD201603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2320/JINSTMET.JD201603","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17337,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Institute of Metals","volume":"28 1","pages":"753-758"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85114183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-30DOI: 10.2320/JINSTMET.J2016034
M. Nagae, Naoko Ise, J. Takada, Y. Hiraoka
{"title":"Multi-step internal nitriding of molybdenum-zirconium alloys","authors":"M. Nagae, Naoko Ise, J. Takada, Y. Hiraoka","doi":"10.2320/JINSTMET.J2016034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2320/JINSTMET.J2016034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17337,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Institute of Metals","volume":"27 1","pages":"702-706"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91193711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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