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Defect Detection in a Plate Loaded with Water on a Single Surface using Quasi-Scholte Wave 拟肖尔特波在单表面载水板缺陷检测中的应用
4区 材料科学 Q4 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.2320/JINSTMET.J2016058
T. Hayashi, R. Fujishima
Ultrasonic guided waves achieve non ︲ destructive inspection of thin plates. However, issues such as large energy leakage and attenuation often plague guided wave inspection of storage tanks and pipes filled with fluid. This study experimentally investigated the non ︲ destructive testing of a water ︲ loaded flat aluminum alloy plate through the application of a quasi ︲ Scholte ( QS ) wave that propagated along the fluid ︲ plate interface without experiencing attenuation due to leakage. A QS wave was confirmed as having been generated and propagated in a plate loaded with water on the bottom surface using ultrasonic incidence and detection at the top water ︲ free surface. Two ︲ dimensional Fourier transform images of the waveforms revealed reflection of the QS wave from a defect as well as a forward incident QS wave. The visualization results experimentally confirmed — via measurements of waves in water using a laser Doppler vibrometer — that QS waves propagated along a plate surface, while scattered waves were generated by defects.
超声导波实现对薄板的非︲破坏性检测。然而,大能量泄漏和衰减等问题往往困扰着导波检测储罐和充满流体的管道。本研究通过应用准︲Scholte (QS)波沿流体︲板界面传播而不经历泄漏衰减的方法,对加载水︲的平板铝合金板进行了非︲破坏性检测。通过超声波入射和顶部水︲自由表面的检测,确认了QS波在底部表面有水的平板中产生并传播。波形的两个︲维傅里叶变换图像显示了从缺陷反射的QS波以及正向入射的QS波。可视化结果通过实验证实——通过使用激光多普勒振动仪测量水中的波——QS波沿着板表面传播,而散射波是由缺陷产生的。
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引用次数: 1
Recovery of ruthenium from a solution containing platinum group metals 从含有铂族金属的溶液中回收钌
4区 材料科学 Q4 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.2320/JINSTMET.JE201606
Hifumi Nagai, E. Shibata, Takashi Nakamura
The oxidation–distillation method was used to separate ruthenium (Ru) from a solution containing platinum group metals. In this method, Ru was oxidized to ruthenium tetraoxide (RuO4). The RuO4 was then distilled and recovered from a hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution. In this study, sodium bromate (NaBrO3) was used as the oxidizer, and the amount of NaBrO3 needed to convert Ru to RuO4 was investigated. The Ru in the HCl solution was precipitated as an ammonium ruthenium complex salt by addition of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) under various conditions and temperatures. The relationship between the precipitation conditions and the properties of the precipitated salts was investigated. The purity of the Ru powder, obtained by pyrolysis of the precipitated salt, was also analyzed. [doi:10.2320/jinstmet.JE201606]
采用氧化精馏法从含铂族金属的溶液中分离钌。该方法将钌氧化为四氧化钌(RuO4)。然后从盐酸(HCl)溶液中蒸馏和回收RuO4。本研究以溴酸钠(NaBrO3)为氧化剂,考察了将Ru转化为RuO4所需的NaBrO3的用量。在不同条件和温度下,通过添加氯化铵(NH4Cl),将HCl溶液中的钌析出为钌铵络合盐。研究了沉淀条件与沉淀盐性能的关系。对沉淀盐热解制得的钌粉的纯度进行了分析。(doi: 10.2320 / jinstmet.JE201606)
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引用次数: 1
Influences of Heterogeneous Nano-Structure Developed in Heavily Cold-Rolled Austenitic Stainless Steel on Texture and Ductility 冷轧奥氏体不锈钢非均相纳米组织对织构和延展性的影响
4区 材料科学 Q4 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.2320/JINSTMET.JC201702
H. Miura, M. Kobayashi, Y. Todaka, C. Watanabe, Y. Aoyagi
SUS316LN austenitic stainless steel was simply and heavily cold–rolled up to 92% reduction in thickness. The microstructure developed was composed of complicated heterogeneous nano–structure; "eye–shaped" twin domains, which were surrounded by shear bands, were embedded in low–angle lamellar boundaries. The cold–rolled austenitic steel exhibited marvelous high strength of 1.95 GPa when tensile tested normal to the rolling direction, while lower strength of 1.57 GPa along the rolling direction. Moderate ductility around 10 % was still retained in spite of the high strength. The superior mechanical properties of the heavily cold– rolled austenitic stainless steel would be attributed to complicated heterogeneous nano–structures. These achieved strengths were comparable with those obtained by methods of severe plastic deformation. [doi:10.2320/jinstmet.JC201702]
对SUS316LN奥氏体不锈钢进行简单、重冷轧,厚度减少92%。形成的微观结构由复杂的非均相纳米结构组成;“眼状”孪晶畴被剪切带包围,嵌入低角度片层边界。冷轧奥氏体钢在纵向拉伸试验中表现出1.95 GPa的高强度,而在纵向拉伸试验中表现出1.57 GPa的低强度。尽管强度高,但仍保留了10%左右的中等延展性。重冷轧奥氏体不锈钢优异的力学性能与复杂的非均相纳米结构有关。这些获得的强度与通过严重塑性变形的方法获得的强度相当。(doi: 10.2320 / jinstmet.JC201702)
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引用次数: 5
Formation of Aluminum Nitride Films on Aluminum Surface by an Electric Discharge Process in Liquid Nitrogen 在液氮中放电工艺在铝表面形成氮化铝膜
4区 材料科学 Q4 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.2320/JINSTMET.J2017017
Masashi Yoshida, R. Ichiki, S. Kanazawa, S. Yamazaki, Noah Utsumi
Formation of aluminum nitride ( AlN ) films on aluminum surfaces has been achieved by an electric discharge process in liquid nitrogen in very short time. The thickness of the film produced by this process ranged 10 and 20 µ m for time varying between 0 . 12 and 1 . 2 ks. The film was composed of AlN and Aluminum ︲ Oxynitride ( AlON ) and was found to have a complex structure. The film hardness ranged from 778 to 2333 HV, and was affected by the micro defects such as cracks and voids, and the presence of AlON in the film. The hardness was enriched by the presence of AlON. [ doi:10
采用液氮放电工艺,在极短的时间内在铝表面形成氮化铝膜。该工艺制备的薄膜厚度范围为10 ~ 20µm,时间变化范围为0 ~ 20µm。12和1。2 ks。该薄膜由AlN和︲氧化氮化铝(AlON)组成,具有复杂的结构。膜的硬度范围为778 ~ 2333 HV,薄膜中存在裂纹、孔洞等微缺陷以及AlON的存在影响了膜的硬度。AlON的存在使硬度增强。(doi: 10
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Cr diffused layer formed by AIH-FPP on adhesion strength of DLC films AIH-FPP形成的Cr扩散层对DLC薄膜粘附强度的影响
4区 材料科学 Q4 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.2320/JINSTMET.J2017006
Shogo Takesue, H. Akebono, Mizuki Furukawa, S. Kikuchi, J. Komotori, H. Nomura
In this study, in order to improve the adhesion strength of diamond ︲ like carbon ( DLC ) films, medium carbon steel specimens were treated by using an atmospheric ︲ controlled induction heating fine particle peening ( AIH ︲ FPP ) with Cr particles that have high affinity for DLC films. The AIH ︲ FPP treated specimens were characterized using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X ︲ ray spectrometer. It was found that a diffused layer of Cr was formed on the specimen surface that was treated with AIH ︲ FPP. The modified layer was then coated with DLC films, and in order to investigate the adhesion strength of DLC films on the surface modified substrates, reciprocating wear and indentation tests were performed. It was revealed that a Cr diffused layer formed by AIH ︲ FPP treatment improved the adhesion strength of DLC films against sliding loads and large plastic deforma - tions. In addition, the adhesion strength of DLC films was improved by increasing the thickness of a Cr diffused layer and superior friction characteristics were maintained for a long time. These results suggest that a Cr diffused layer induced by AIH ︲ FPP treat - ment is an effective method for improving the adhesion strength of DLC films.
本研究为提高金刚石︲样碳(DLC)膜的附着强度,采用大气︲可控感应加热细颗粒喷丸(AIH︲FPP)处理中碳钢试样,并加入对DLC膜具有高亲和力的Cr颗粒。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和能量色散X︲射线能谱仪对AIH︲FPP处理后的样品进行表征。结果表明:AIH︲FPP处理后,在试样表面形成弥散Cr层。然后在改性后的涂层上涂覆DLC膜,进行往复磨损和压痕试验,研究DLC膜在改性基板表面的粘附强度。结果表明,AIH︲FPP处理形成的Cr扩散层提高了DLC膜对滑动载荷和大塑性变形的粘附强度。此外,通过增加Cr扩散层的厚度可以提高DLC膜的附着强度,并长期保持优越的摩擦特性。这些结果表明,AIH︲FPP处理诱导Cr扩散层是提高DLC膜附着强度的有效方法。
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引用次数: 0
Microstructure and Local Magnetism Near Grain Boundaries of Nd-Fe-B Permanent Magnets and Their Impacts on Coercivity Nd-Fe-B永磁体晶界组织、局部磁性及其对矫顽力的影响
4区 材料科学 Q4 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.2320/JINSTMET.JPR2016903
S. Hirosawa
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引用次数: 0
Stress Dependence of Hysteresis Loss on Iron-Based Soft Magnetic Materials 铁基软磁材料磁滞损失的应力依赖性
4区 材料科学 Q4 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.2320/JINSTMET.J2017024
Ijlal Hasif, M. Shimada, T. Kubota
Magnetic properties of soft magnetic materials under stress are important, however, they have not been fully understood. We have studied on a magnetization process of soft magnetic materials, electrical steel sheets and nanocrystalline alloys, under stress, by investigating DC magnetization curves. As well known, a hysteresis loss of electrical steel sheets increases under compression. We found that the hysteresis loss of nanocrystalline alloys does not depend on stress. In this paper, experimental results and an interpretation on the loss mechanism were described. We have interpreted the magnetization process under compression as follows: magnetic domains distribute perpendicular to compression due to magnetoelasticity; the magnetization process is 90 degree domain wall movements in the domains. Based on this interpretation, the hysteresis loss under compression is well understood. Electrical steel sheets have crystal grains; so, the domain wall is trapped at the grain boundary in the movement process; then, hysteresis loss generates. On the other hand, nanocrytalline alloys have no crystal grains; therefore, the domain wall movement is smoothly and there is no hysteresis loss. [doi:10.2320/jinstmet.J2017024]
软磁材料在应力作用下的磁性是很重要的,但人们对其还没有完全了解。通过对直流磁化曲线的研究,研究了软磁材料——电工钢板和纳米晶合金在应力作用下的磁化过程。众所周知,在压缩条件下,电钢板的迟滞损耗增大。我们发现纳米晶合金的迟滞损失不依赖于应力。本文描述了实验结果和对损耗机理的解释。我们将压缩下的磁化过程解释为:由于磁弹性,磁畴垂直于压缩分布;磁化过程为畴内畴壁的90度运动。基于这一解释,很好地理解了压缩下的迟滞损失。电工钢板有晶粒;因此,在运动过程中,畴壁被困在晶界处;然后产生迟滞损耗。另一方面,纳米晶合金没有晶粒;因此,畴壁运动平稳,无迟滞损失。(doi: 10.2320 / jinstmet.J2017024)
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引用次数: 0
Microstructural Evolution in High Purity Titanium Sheet Subjected to Continuous Cyclic Bending and Subsequent Temperature Gradient Annealing 连续循环弯曲和温度梯度退火对高纯钛板微观组织的影响
4区 材料科学 Q4 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.2320/JINSTMET.JC201704
Y. Takayama, Kohei Tanaka, Hideo Watanabe
Temperature gradient annealing has been applied to high purity titanium sheet to investigate microstructural and textural evolutions. The annealing with high temperature gradient was performed through a specially designed apparatus for the titanium sheet subjected to continuous cyclic bending (CCB). EBSD analysis revealed characteristic microstructure on cross–section consisting of coarse grained triangular area, in which coarse grains formed inside deeplier at higher temperature side, resulting from higher stored strain and higher temperature annealing, and non–recrystallized fine grained area held at lower temperature. Textural evolution was also examined for the CCBent and annealed titanium sheets. Further, effects of the temperature gradient annealing were discussed. [doi:10.2320/jinstmet.JC201704]
采用温度梯度退火技术对高纯钛板进行了显微组织和织构的研究。在专门设计的连续循环弯曲(CCB)钛板退火装置上进行了高温梯度退火。EBSD分析显示,截面上的特征组织为粗晶三角形区,在较高温度侧,由于较高的储存应变和较高的退火温度,粗晶在较深的内部形成,而在较低温度侧则保持了未再结晶的细晶区。研究了CCBent和退火钛板的织构演变。进一步讨论了温度梯度退火的影响。(doi: 10.2320 / jinstmet.JC201704)
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Adhesion of Oxide Scale by Tensile Test 用拉伸试验评价氧化皮的附着力
4区 材料科学 Q4 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.2320/JINSTMET.JBW201603
Yamada Yohei, Nakakubo Shohei, Takeda Mikako
In the hot rolling process, the external appearance of steel can deteriorate due to spalling of oxide scales. We used a tensile test in order to evaluate and quantify the adhesion of the scales in the hot rolling process. When loaded with tensile stress, the behavior of the scales goes through the following three stages: 1 The scales have only residual stress 2 The scales and the steel are both elastically deformed 3 The scales are elastically deformed but the steel is plastically deformed. For these three stages, the strain energy accumulated in the scales before spalling was calculated and then the adhesion energy was derived. For about 4 μm thick scales on 99.9% Fe and Fe–1.0%C the adhesion energies were 1.70 J/m2 and 36.2 J/m2, respectively. The adhesion energies determined by a scratch test were 2.90 J/m2, and 31.6 J/m2 each. Thus, the results of the two tests are approximately in agreement. [doi:10.2320/jinstmet.JBW201603]
在热轧过程中,钢的外观会因氧化皮剥落而恶化。为了评估和量化热轧过程中鳞片的粘附性,我们使用了拉伸试验。当受拉应力作用时,鳞片的行为经历以下三个阶段:1鳞片只有残余应力2鳞片和钢都发生弹性变形3鳞片发生弹性变形而钢发生塑性变形。针对这三个阶段,分别计算剥落前尺度内累积的应变能,进而推导出黏附能。在99.9% Fe和1.0% Fe - 1.0% c上,在约4 μm厚的膜层上,吸附能分别为1.70 J/m2和36.2 J/m2。通过划痕试验测定的黏附能分别为2.90 J/m2和31.6 J/m2。因此,两次试验的结果大致一致。(doi: 10.2320 / jinstmet.JBW201603)
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引用次数: 1
Microstructure of Nd-Fe-B Sintered Magnets—Structure of Grain Boundaries and Interface Nd-Fe-B烧结磁体的显微组织——晶界和界面结构
4区 材料科学 Q4 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.2320/JINSTMET.JA201606
T. Sasaki, T. Ohkubo, K. Hono
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引用次数: 4
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Journal of The Japan Institute of Metals
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