The textile industry generates effluents containing toxic dyes, which have detrimental effects on the environment, including air, soil, and water contamination. These dyes also pose risks to human health and disrupt aquatic ecosystems. Developing ecological and cost-effective method to address this issue is a major challenge. This study focuses on utilizing waxy cornstarch, which exhibits unique properties such as high biodegradability, environmental compatibility, low sludge volume, small particle size, and high surface area (1.27 m2/g), for removing the reactive dye Rhodamine 6G (Basic Red-1) from textile wastewater. The composition of waxy cornstarch was analyzed, including determination of protein content using the Kjeldahl apparatus, as well as moisture content, ash content, and fine fiber content through experimental methods. The rate of dye removal from wastewater was assessed using a UV-spectrophotometer. The experimental design was selected, and trials were conducted using a glass testing apparatus. Dye removal rates were investigated at different dosages, temperatures, and pH ranges. The highest dye removal efficiency of 83.6% was achieved at a pH of 5, a temperature of 40 °C, and a coagulant dosage of 40 mg/l. These findings highlight the potential of waxy cornstarch as a natural coagulant for effective removal of Rhodamine 6G dye from textile wastewater.
{"title":"Effective removal of Rhodamine 6G (Basic Red-1) reactive dye using waxy corn starch in waste water of textile industry","authors":"Huzaifa Jalil, Khurram Shahzad, H. Masood, N. Ali","doi":"10.54693/piche.05228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54693/piche.05228","url":null,"abstract":"The textile industry generates effluents containing toxic dyes, which have detrimental effects on the environment, including air, soil, and water contamination. These dyes also pose risks to human health and disrupt aquatic ecosystems. Developing ecological and cost-effective method to address this issue is a major challenge. This study focuses on utilizing waxy cornstarch, which exhibits unique properties such as high biodegradability, environmental compatibility, low sludge volume, small particle size, and high surface area (1.27 m2/g), for removing the reactive dye Rhodamine 6G (Basic Red-1) from textile wastewater. The composition of waxy cornstarch was analyzed, including determination of protein content using the Kjeldahl apparatus, as well as moisture content, ash content, and fine fiber content through experimental methods. The rate of dye removal from wastewater was assessed using a UV-spectrophotometer. The experimental design was selected, and trials were conducted using a glass testing apparatus. Dye removal rates were investigated at different dosages, temperatures, and pH ranges. The highest dye removal efficiency of 83.6% was achieved at a pH of 5, a temperature of 40 °C, and a coagulant dosage of 40 mg/l. These findings highlight the potential of waxy cornstarch as a natural coagulant for effective removal of Rhodamine 6G dye from textile wastewater.","PeriodicalId":17383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141019330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Hamza Naeem, Naseer Ahmed Khan, Naveed Ul Hasan Syed, None Saira bano, None Muddasar habib
In Pakistan most of the used motor oil cleaning businesses is carried out in processing containers. They do the simple heating and after that a concentrated sulphuric acid is slowly mixed at a room temperature for the removal of the oxidized carbonized substances and other dirt stuff. This study is an attempt to propose an alternate relatively cleaner methodology for the cleaning of used lubricating oil. Briefly, the spent oil was heated till the knocking sound disappeared or in other words the water is fist removed. After that at a room temperature the dehydrated oil was treated with the glacial acetic acid (instead of sulphuric acid) for an hour. A settling time of 24 hours is provided after which reddish brownish (top) and black (bottom) layers were formed. The collected upper layer was then treated with fuller earth (Multani meti) under continuous stirring. Finally, after cooling to a room temperature the oil was filtered to a reasonably regenerated lubricating oil. This cleaning process recovers about 53% v/v of the lubricating oil. The remaining sludge containing the acetic acid is a biodegradable mixture. Moreover, the sludge of the acid treatment can be mixed with cement to prepare concrete blocks.
{"title":"An alternate acid cleaning process for the regeneration of waste engine oil and a proposed procedure for the disposal of produced sludge","authors":"Muhammad Hamza Naeem, Naseer Ahmed Khan, Naveed Ul Hasan Syed, None Saira bano, None Muddasar habib","doi":"10.54693/piche.05116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54693/piche.05116","url":null,"abstract":"In Pakistan most of the used motor oil cleaning businesses is carried out in processing containers. They do the simple heating and after that a concentrated sulphuric acid is slowly mixed at a room temperature for the removal of the oxidized carbonized substances and other dirt stuff. This study is an attempt to propose an alternate relatively cleaner methodology for the cleaning of used lubricating oil. Briefly, the spent oil was heated till the knocking sound disappeared or in other words the water is fist removed. After that at a room temperature the dehydrated oil was treated with the glacial acetic acid (instead of sulphuric acid) for an hour. A settling time of 24 hours is provided after which reddish brownish (top) and black (bottom) layers were formed. The collected upper layer was then treated with fuller earth (Multani meti) under continuous stirring. Finally, after cooling to a room temperature the oil was filtered to a reasonably regenerated lubricating oil. This cleaning process recovers about 53% v/v of the lubricating oil. The remaining sludge containing the acetic acid is a biodegradable mixture. Moreover, the sludge of the acid treatment can be mixed with cement to prepare concrete blocks.","PeriodicalId":17383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135135507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hakim Madani, Abdnour Zerfa, Youcef Maalem, Abdellah Beicha
In this work, a thermodynamic model for prediction of Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium (VLE) at moderate pressures (up to 19 bar) and different temperatures (288-323 K) is developed by using Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) and Peng-Robenson (PR) equations of state (EoS) in combination with the classical van der Waals (vdW) mixing rules. Four refrigerant binary systems have been considered in this study (R134a+ R1336mzz (E)), (R600a+R1234ze (Z)), (R600a+R1243zf), (R744+R152a). Also, a new method was used to improve binary interaction parameters (kij). A comparison of experimental phase equilibrium data in the literature with the predicted results showed very good representation for some mixing rules.
{"title":"Modelling of the isothermal vapor-liquid equilibrium of alternative refrigerants: Determination of phase diagrams (high-pressure/low-pressure) and optimized binary interaction parameters","authors":"Hakim Madani, Abdnour Zerfa, Youcef Maalem, Abdellah Beicha","doi":"10.54693/piche.05115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54693/piche.05115","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a thermodynamic model for prediction of Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium (VLE) at moderate pressures (up to 19 bar) and different temperatures (288-323 K) is developed by using Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) and Peng-Robenson (PR) equations of state (EoS) in combination with the classical van der Waals (vdW) mixing rules. Four refrigerant binary systems have been considered in this study (R134a+ R1336mzz (E)), (R600a+R1234ze (Z)), (R600a+R1243zf), (R744+R152a). Also, a new method was used to improve binary interaction parameters (kij). A comparison of experimental phase equilibrium data in the literature with the predicted results showed very good representation for some mixing rules.","PeriodicalId":17383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139356668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aijaz Ahmad Siddiqi, Chaudhry Haider Ali, Tanveer Iqbal, Haris Mehmood Khan, Muhammad Waqas Iqbal, Muhammad Irfan
The worldwide atmosphere has been seriously deteriorating due to the poor handling of waste produced in order to get useful products for achieving the high living standards and technological development. Therefore, waste management is a serious concern to avoid ecological damage. Methane gas generated on waste landfill sites is the source of greenhouse gas that is prime contributors to environmental degradation. The main intention is to measure the amount of methane gas produced from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) at the site of Bakhrewali in the Cantonment (Rahwali), Gujranwala, Pakistan and to estimate the extent of energy that potentially could be retrieved from the MSW site. The waste samples were gathered to evaluate the energy content, composition, and methane concentration. The findings from the MSW characterization revealed that the primary constituent of Bahrewali site, Gujranwala MSW is organic waste. The concentration of methane from sites 1, 2 and 3 were analysed to be 118.45, 35.32, 48.26 ppm methane/g waste. The calorific value of samples 1, 2 and 3 were determined to be 13.45, 12.24, and 11.01 MJ/kg respectively. The outcomes confirm that there is production of methane at the waste sites and the municipal waste could be utilized for energy recovery. The analysis of samples collected from MSW sites shows that there is great potential in the waste to be combusted and used for electricity generation.
{"title":"Evaluation of energy sources from municipal solid waste of Gujranwala city in Pakistan","authors":"Aijaz Ahmad Siddiqi, Chaudhry Haider Ali, Tanveer Iqbal, Haris Mehmood Khan, Muhammad Waqas Iqbal, Muhammad Irfan","doi":"10.54693/piche.05114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54693/piche.05114","url":null,"abstract":"The worldwide atmosphere has been seriously deteriorating due to the poor handling of waste produced in order to get useful products for achieving the high living standards and technological development. Therefore, waste management is a serious concern to avoid ecological damage. Methane gas generated on waste landfill sites is the source of greenhouse gas that is prime contributors to environmental degradation. The main intention is to measure the amount of methane gas produced from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) at the site of Bakhrewali in the Cantonment (Rahwali), Gujranwala, Pakistan and to estimate the extent of energy that potentially could be retrieved from the MSW site. The waste samples were gathered to evaluate the energy content, composition, and methane concentration. The findings from the MSW characterization revealed that the primary constituent of Bahrewali site, Gujranwala MSW is organic waste. The concentration of methane from sites 1, 2 and 3 were analysed to be 118.45, 35.32, 48.26 ppm methane/g waste. The calorific value of samples 1, 2 and 3 were determined to be 13.45, 12.24, and 11.01 MJ/kg respectively. The outcomes confirm that there is production of methane at the waste sites and the municipal waste could be utilized for energy recovery. The analysis of samples collected from MSW sites shows that there is great potential in the waste to be combusted and used for electricity generation.","PeriodicalId":17383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135503753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Zafar, None Abdul Rauf, None Hafiz Usama Qureshi, None Muhammad Rizwan, None Khurram Siddique, None Syed Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Mudassar
In this study we aim to investigate the electrical conductivity and physiochemical properties of the selected coal samples for their application in earth grounding systems. Three different ranked coals namely Thar brown lignite (BL), Chamalang bituminous coal (BC) and semi-anthracite Dera Adam Khail (SC) coals were selected and their respective chars were prepared at 4500 C and subjected to the ground resistivity potential test using the universal earth grounding tester. Through experiments, it was found that BL coal has the least reactivity value and best conducting properties for electric current, followed by the SC and BC in descending order. It has been suggested that high moisture content and dissolved salts may act like an electrolytic medium for current passage in BL that is the reason for low resistivity value. The presence of low conductivity minerals in small percentage having relatively higher mass could be the reason for higher resistivity value in coal samples. Moreover, compared to raw coals, prepared char samples showed an improvement in electric current conductivity and lowered the resistivity values for all the ranks of selected samples.
{"title":"A study on electrical resistivity characteristics of Pakistani coal char for earth grounding system","authors":"Muhammad Zafar, None Abdul Rauf, None Hafiz Usama Qureshi, None Muhammad Rizwan, None Khurram Siddique, None Syed Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Mudassar","doi":"10.54693/piche.05113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54693/piche.05113","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we aim to investigate the electrical conductivity and physiochemical properties of the selected coal samples for their application in earth grounding systems. Three different ranked coals namely Thar brown lignite (BL), Chamalang bituminous coal (BC) and semi-anthracite Dera Adam Khail (SC) coals were selected and their respective chars were prepared at 4500 C and subjected to the ground resistivity potential test using the universal earth grounding tester. Through experiments, it was found that BL coal has the least reactivity value and best conducting properties for electric current, followed by the SC and BC in descending order. It has been suggested that high moisture content and dissolved salts may act like an electrolytic medium for current passage in BL that is the reason for low resistivity value. The presence of low conductivity minerals in small percentage having relatively higher mass could be the reason for higher resistivity value in coal samples. Moreover, compared to raw coals, prepared char samples showed an improvement in electric current conductivity and lowered the resistivity values for all the ranks of selected samples.","PeriodicalId":17383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135005918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The nanomaterials prepared in the study were used by hydrothermal chemical method to generate dye sensitized cells (DSSCs) and were also used as photoelectrodes using two natural dyes as absorbent media: red (Hibiscus sabdariffa) and green (Apium Gravolens). The ternary nanocomposite (ZnO/MnO2/CdS) was prepared. The results also showed that the green dye efficiency in DSSCs is greater than the red dye in terms of conversion efficiency (η), and the ternary nanocomposite was also characterized by (SEM, TEM, XRD, and AFM).
本研究制备的纳米材料采用水热化学方法制备染料敏化细胞(DSSCs)，并以红色(芙蓉)和绿色(Apium Gravolens)两种天然染料作为吸收介质作为光电极。制备了ZnO/MnO2/CdS三元纳米复合材料。结果还表明，绿色染料在DSSCs中的转化效率(η)大于红色染料，并通过SEM, TEM, XRD和AFM对三元纳米复合材料进行了表征。
{"title":"Fabrication of solar cells using ZnO/MnO2/CdS nanocomposite as a catalyst","authors":"Suaad Noor, Amer Joda, Mohauman Mohammed ALRUFAIE","doi":"10.54693/piche.05112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54693/piche.05112","url":null,"abstract":"The nanomaterials prepared in the study were used by hydrothermal chemical method to generate dye sensitized cells (DSSCs) and were also used as photoelectrodes using two natural dyes as absorbent media: red (Hibiscus sabdariffa) and green (Apium Gravolens). The ternary nanocomposite (ZnO/MnO2/CdS) was prepared. The results also showed that the green dye efficiency in DSSCs is greater than the red dye in terms of conversion efficiency (η), and the ternary nanocomposite was also characterized by (SEM, TEM, XRD, and AFM).","PeriodicalId":17383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135429055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Waqar Ali Khan, Hafiz Miqdad Masood, Khurram Shahzad, Muhammad Imran, Najaf Ali, Ahmad Naveed
Wastewater of textile industry having impurities and heavy metal ions cause problems in human society that can endanger the human health through food chain. Adsorption of heavy metal ions before draining makes wastewater safe for aquatic life and human health. Now a days adsorption of heavy metal through polymeric Nano adsorbent is the emerging technology which is more efficient than conventional adsorbents like activated carbon. The pH 9.0 gave maximum 96% sorption of Co at 1.0 g/L adsorbent dosage, due to increased electrostatic force of attraction produced by the negative charge at the surface of sorbent which is favorable for adsorbing cationic species. In the beginning of 15 minutes retention time, metal ions adsorption was faster due to availability of more number of adsorptive sites but further increase of retention time decreased the sorption due to partial desorption that may occur due to the charge density and diameter of hydrated ions. Similarly in case of Cu, the maximum sorption was 95% at 7.0 pH using 1.0 g/L adsorbent dosage.
{"title":"Removal of heavy metals from wastewater of textile industry using polymeric nano-adsorbent","authors":"Waqar Ali Khan, Hafiz Miqdad Masood, Khurram Shahzad, Muhammad Imran, Najaf Ali, Ahmad Naveed","doi":"10.54693/piche.05111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54693/piche.05111","url":null,"abstract":"Wastewater of textile industry having impurities and heavy metal ions cause problems in human society that can endanger the human health through food chain. Adsorption of heavy metal ions before draining makes wastewater safe for aquatic life and human health. Now a days adsorption of heavy metal through polymeric Nano adsorbent is the emerging technology which is more efficient than conventional adsorbents like activated carbon. The pH 9.0 gave maximum 96% sorption of Co at 1.0 g/L adsorbent dosage, due to increased electrostatic force of attraction produced by the negative charge at the surface of sorbent which is favorable for adsorbing cationic species. In the beginning of 15 minutes retention time, metal ions adsorption was faster due to availability of more number of adsorptive sites but further increase of retention time decreased the sorption due to partial desorption that may occur due to the charge density and diameter of hydrated ions. Similarly in case of Cu, the maximum sorption was 95% at 7.0 pH using 1.0 g/L adsorbent dosage.","PeriodicalId":17383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135837999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Zahid Irfan, Sabih Qamar, Usman Saeed, Meesam Ali, Waqas Aleem, Nida Qamar, Arbab Shahid, Zia Ur Rehman
This article deals with the biosorption of nickel metal on the surface of rice husk and its acid treated form under batch experimentations. Various parameters were studied such as time, concentration of synthetic solution, pH and bio sorbent dose to determine the effect of adsorption of nickel metal on the surface of rice husk. Equilibrium time was found to be 92 min. The amount of nickel adsorbed increased with increase in their contact time. It was found that acid treated rice husk has good ability to remove highest amount of nickel in comparison with raw form of rice husk. The percentages for the removal of nickel was achieved as 86% and 66% for treated and raw form of rice husk respectively. It could be concluded that the removal efficiency was enhanced by increasing wastewater initial concentration in the first percentage of adsorption and then decreased due to saturation of rice husk particles.
{"title":"Removal of nickel ions from aqueous solution using treated rice husk: an adsorption study","authors":"Muhammad Zahid Irfan, Sabih Qamar, Usman Saeed, Meesam Ali, Waqas Aleem, Nida Qamar, Arbab Shahid, Zia Ur Rehman","doi":"10.54693/piche.05027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54693/piche.05027","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with the biosorption of nickel metal on the surface of rice husk and its acid treated form under batch experimentations. Various parameters were studied such as time, concentration of synthetic solution, pH and bio sorbent dose to determine the effect of adsorption of nickel metal on the surface of rice husk. Equilibrium time was found to be 92 min. The amount of nickel adsorbed increased with increase in their contact time. It was found that acid treated rice husk has good ability to remove highest amount of nickel in comparison with raw form of rice husk. The percentages for the removal of nickel was achieved as 86% and 66% for treated and raw form of rice husk respectively. It could be concluded that the removal efficiency was enhanced by increasing wastewater initial concentration in the first percentage of adsorption and then decreased due to saturation of rice husk particles.","PeriodicalId":17383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136245869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Arif, Nayyera Saba, Amir Naveed, Muhammad Sadiq, Shaista Afridi, Fawad Haider Khan, Muhammad Asif
Relative humidity is the prime parameter in industrial processes which are measured through ceramic, metal oxide and polymeric sensors. Ceramic and metal oxide sensors shows nonlinear resistive behaviours with increasing relative humidity and high sintering temperature for hydro-desorption. Transformation of ceramic and metallic sensors with the polymeric sensors is due to its eco-friendly synthesis fabrication, less heat intensive and high sensitivity. In this research work, a polymeric sensor of enhanced electric properties with sustainable captive and resistive response was synthesised from nano-fibres graphene oxide for sensing humidity. The synthesized graphene oxide through modified Hammer method was mixed with poly-vinyl alcohol (GO/PVA) in the ratio of 5 wt % for four hours at 90 ºC. Nano fibres of graphene oxide and poly-vinyl alcohol (GO/PVA) solutions were obtained at the 24V DC electric field; 0.5 ml/h feed rate and 10 cm tip-to-collector distance through electrospinnig. GO/PVA fibres were deposited on the silver inter-digited electrodes of 8mm and five combs of 20Îm consecutive distance. SEM analysis shows that the fibres were in nano-range with no major cracks while XRD and FTIR spectrum investigated the finger prints and functional groups of GO and GO/PVA respectively. Parametric study of resistive and capacitive were analysed at difference response and recovery time at various frequency in the range of 0 % to 82% relative humidity.
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of nano-fibres graphene oxide for sensing humidity","authors":"Muhammad Arif, Nayyera Saba, Amir Naveed, Muhammad Sadiq, Shaista Afridi, Fawad Haider Khan, Muhammad Asif","doi":"10.54693/piche.05026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54693/piche.05026","url":null,"abstract":"Relative humidity is the prime parameter in industrial processes which are measured through ceramic, metal oxide and polymeric sensors. Ceramic and metal oxide sensors shows nonlinear resistive behaviours with increasing relative humidity and high sintering temperature for hydro-desorption. Transformation of ceramic and metallic sensors with the polymeric sensors is due to its eco-friendly synthesis fabrication, less heat intensive and high sensitivity. In this research work, a polymeric sensor of enhanced electric properties with sustainable captive and resistive response was synthesised from nano-fibres graphene oxide for sensing humidity. The synthesized graphene oxide through modified Hammer method was mixed with poly-vinyl alcohol (GO/PVA) in the ratio of 5 wt % for four hours at 90 ºC. Nano fibres of graphene oxide and poly-vinyl alcohol (GO/PVA) solutions were obtained at the 24V DC electric field; 0.5 ml/h feed rate and 10 cm tip-to-collector distance through electrospinnig. GO/PVA fibres were deposited on the silver inter-digited electrodes of 8mm and five combs of 20Îm consecutive distance. SEM analysis shows that the fibres were in nano-range with no major cracks while XRD and FTIR spectrum investigated the finger prints and functional groups of GO and GO/PVA respectively. Parametric study of resistive and capacitive were analysed at difference response and recovery time at various frequency in the range of 0 % to 82% relative humidity.","PeriodicalId":17383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135000136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maryam Ayub, Syed Zeeshan Haider Naqvi, Waseem Ahmad, Muhammad Maaz Arif, Khaleeq Ahmad Saqib, Abdul Hameed, Naeem Ali, Nabeel Ahmad
Biofouling is amongst the paramount complications in membrane filtration systems, which are used to purify wastewater. It increases the price tag on processes, whereas decreases the membrane permeability and period efficiency. Utilizing the strong attributes of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as antibacterial agents, mycological originated AgNPs were evaluated in the study. Development of polysulfone membrane (Psf) infused with AgNPs for wastewater treatment, having antibacterial along with antifouling properties were included in the study. Several water-drainage microbial insulates, e.g, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella choleraesuis, Shigella sonnei, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus appeared to be restrained against AgNPs of concentration 50-500 ppm. The AgNPs impregnated Psf ultrafiltration membranes reduced the bacterial count (cfu/cm2) at the 7th, 21st, 30th and 45th day of experimentation in contrast to standard Psf membrane. The efficacy of this anti-biofouling was confirmed by employing FTIR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization techniques. Within FTIR, in addition to characteristic highs of Psf layer, a new top at 687 cm-1 showing a -CH=CH- pattern in the cis transfiguration was also present, proving the particular degradation of membrane on account of biofouling. The SEM images confirmed that AgNPs tried their best to hinder biofouling, hence, AgNPs proved to be a beneficial solution for restraining the biofilm expansion and increasing membrane life. Keywords: Anti-biofouling, Polysulfone membrane, silver nanoparticles, Wastewater treatment
{"title":"Fabrication of anti-biofouling and antibacterial polysulfone membrane via impregnation of silver nanoparticles","authors":"Maryam Ayub, Syed Zeeshan Haider Naqvi, Waseem Ahmad, Muhammad Maaz Arif, Khaleeq Ahmad Saqib, Abdul Hameed, Naeem Ali, Nabeel Ahmad","doi":"10.54693/piche.05025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54693/piche.05025","url":null,"abstract":"Biofouling is amongst the paramount complications in membrane filtration systems, which are used to purify wastewater. It increases the price tag on processes, whereas decreases the membrane permeability and period efficiency. Utilizing the strong attributes of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as antibacterial agents, mycological originated AgNPs were evaluated in the study. Development of polysulfone membrane (Psf) infused with AgNPs for wastewater treatment, having antibacterial along with antifouling properties were included in the study. Several water-drainage microbial insulates, e.g, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella choleraesuis, Shigella sonnei, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus appeared to be restrained against AgNPs of concentration 50-500 ppm. The AgNPs impregnated Psf ultrafiltration membranes reduced the bacterial count (cfu/cm2) at the 7th, 21st, 30th and 45th day of experimentation in contrast to standard Psf membrane. The efficacy of this anti-biofouling was confirmed by employing FTIR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization techniques. Within FTIR, in addition to characteristic highs of Psf layer, a new top at 687 cm-1 showing a -CH=CH- pattern in the cis transfiguration was also present, proving the particular degradation of membrane on account of biofouling. The SEM images confirmed that AgNPs tried their best to hinder biofouling, hence, AgNPs proved to be a beneficial solution for restraining the biofilm expansion and increasing membrane life. Keywords: Anti-biofouling, Polysulfone membrane, silver nanoparticles, Wastewater treatment","PeriodicalId":17383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136336068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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