Pub Date : 2020-09-25DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-92.4.605
Ö. Ertürk, A. Sarıkaya
ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to identify the nest materials, some physical characteristics and the essential composition of the nest of Vespa crabro germana Christ, 1791. Nest surfaces were observed with a stereomicroscope and a scanning electron microscope. In the inner surface of the V. c. germana nest, the medium thicknesses of the fibers in the envelope and comb varied between 5.30 and 11.90 µm with an average of 9.07 µm. In the outer surface of the nest, the medium thicknesses of the fibers in the envelope and comb were between 4.46 and 11.40 µm with an average of 7.68 µm. The nitrogen and protein concentration of the nest was 0.22 and 1.40%, respectively. The percentages of the fibers, saliva, oil and the water absorption capacity were calculated as 70-75, 25-30, 16-20 and 120-150, respectively. The amount of the elements nickel and copper in the nest was found to be 0.6 and 1.2 ppm, respectively. The major components of the nest were plant fibers, saliva and oil. Consequently, we have found that the ratios and the amounts of physical characteristics, the element composition and the fibers in the envelope and comb of the nest changed with environmental conditions.
{"title":"Determination of Some Structural Features of the Nest Paper Materials of Vespa crabro germana Christ, 1791 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in Turkey","authors":"Ö. Ertürk, A. Sarıkaya","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-92.4.605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-92.4.605","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to identify the nest materials, some physical characteristics and the essential composition of the nest of Vespa crabro germana Christ, 1791. Nest surfaces were observed with a stereomicroscope and a scanning electron microscope. In the inner surface of the V. c. germana nest, the medium thicknesses of the fibers in the envelope and comb varied between 5.30 and 11.90 µm with an average of 9.07 µm. In the outer surface of the nest, the medium thicknesses of the fibers in the envelope and comb were between 4.46 and 11.40 µm with an average of 7.68 µm. The nitrogen and protein concentration of the nest was 0.22 and 1.40%, respectively. The percentages of the fibers, saliva, oil and the water absorption capacity were calculated as 70-75, 25-30, 16-20 and 120-150, respectively. The amount of the elements nickel and copper in the nest was found to be 0.6 and 1.2 ppm, respectively. The major components of the nest were plant fibers, saliva and oil. Consequently, we have found that the ratios and the amounts of physical characteristics, the element composition and the fibers in the envelope and comb of the nest changed with environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44050916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-25DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-92.4.627
M. Sarmad, S. M. Zaka, Y. Hameed, Muhammad Farrukh Hamid, Muhammad Shahzaib, M. Zakria, K. Abbas
ABSTRACT: Under natural environmental conditions, insects are highly subjected to thermal stress. Data concerning the effects of high temperature on the survival of Dysdercus koenigii (F.) are scarce. In the present work, the survival rate of all immature stages and adults of D. koenigii exposed to very high temperatures were studied. All stages were exposed to four high temperatures (40, 42.5, 45 and 47.5 °C) for time periods ranging from 1 to 420 minutes, depending on the temperature treatment. Insects were then returned to normal temperature conditions. The survival rate of all stages decreased with the increase in the time of exposure at all temperatures examined. The lethal time needed to cause mortality in 50% and 90% of all stages decreased rapidly with the increase in the temperature from 40 to 47.5 °C. Based on these results, we concluded that the survival rates of all stages of D. koenigii were significantly affected when they were exposed to high temperature stress.
{"title":"High Temperature Effect on Survival of Dysdercus koenigii (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae)","authors":"M. Sarmad, S. M. Zaka, Y. Hameed, Muhammad Farrukh Hamid, Muhammad Shahzaib, M. Zakria, K. Abbas","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-92.4.627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-92.4.627","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Under natural environmental conditions, insects are highly subjected to thermal stress. Data concerning the effects of high temperature on the survival of Dysdercus koenigii (F.) are scarce. In the present work, the survival rate of all immature stages and adults of D. koenigii exposed to very high temperatures were studied. All stages were exposed to four high temperatures (40, 42.5, 45 and 47.5 °C) for time periods ranging from 1 to 420 minutes, depending on the temperature treatment. Insects were then returned to normal temperature conditions. The survival rate of all stages decreased with the increase in the time of exposure at all temperatures examined. The lethal time needed to cause mortality in 50% and 90% of all stages decreased rapidly with the increase in the temperature from 40 to 47.5 °C. Based on these results, we concluded that the survival rates of all stages of D. koenigii were significantly affected when they were exposed to high temperature stress.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42859268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-25DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-92.4.589
M. Sarmad, W. Jaleel, S. M. Zaka, Qamar Saeed, Faheem Azher, Muhammad Kashif Rabbani, Rana Muhammad Kaleem Ullah
ABSTRACT: Antilochus coquebertii is one of the most important predators of Dysdercus koenigii. The present study examines for the first time the fitness (using age-stage and two-sex life table parameters), morphometrics and predating potential of A. coquebertii fed on the second instar of D. koenigii under laboratory conditions. Results indicate that female adults of A. coquebertii consumed significantly higher numbers of second instar D. koenigii (229.81 ± 14.36) when compared to male adults (118.47 ± 10.77). The body length (16.10±0.40 mm) and width (6.60 ± 0.20 mm) of female adults of A. coquebertii were significantly higher if compared to body length (14.40 ± 0.40 mm) and width (5.80 ± 0.40 mm) of male adults. The developmental period of A. coquebertii from egg to female adult (76.09 ± 3.51 days) was significantly longer than egg to male adult (64.00 ± 1.87 days). The fecundity (number of eggs/female) of A. coquebertii was 108.67 ± 3.67 per female. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) per day of A. coquebertii were recorded with values of 5.87 and 1.06 days, respectively. The gross reproductive rate (GRR) and net reproductive rate (R0) of A. coquebertii were 23.17 offspring and 18.56 offspring/individual, respectively. The information obtained in this study will be useful for the development of future research projects focused on this predator against D. koenigii under natural conditions. Based on our results, we suggest that A. coquebertii will be a good biological control agent against the second instar of D. koenigii in cotton fields.
{"title":"Fitness and Predating Potential of Antilochus coquebertii (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae): A Predator of the Red Cotton Bug (Dysdercus koenigii)","authors":"M. Sarmad, W. Jaleel, S. M. Zaka, Qamar Saeed, Faheem Azher, Muhammad Kashif Rabbani, Rana Muhammad Kaleem Ullah","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-92.4.589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-92.4.589","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Antilochus coquebertii is one of the most important predators of Dysdercus koenigii. The present study examines for the first time the fitness (using age-stage and two-sex life table parameters), morphometrics and predating potential of A. coquebertii fed on the second instar of D. koenigii under laboratory conditions. Results indicate that female adults of A. coquebertii consumed significantly higher numbers of second instar D. koenigii (229.81 ± 14.36) when compared to male adults (118.47 ± 10.77). The body length (16.10±0.40 mm) and width (6.60 ± 0.20 mm) of female adults of A. coquebertii were significantly higher if compared to body length (14.40 ± 0.40 mm) and width (5.80 ± 0.40 mm) of male adults. The developmental period of A. coquebertii from egg to female adult (76.09 ± 3.51 days) was significantly longer than egg to male adult (64.00 ± 1.87 days). The fecundity (number of eggs/female) of A. coquebertii was 108.67 ± 3.67 per female. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) per day of A. coquebertii were recorded with values of 5.87 and 1.06 days, respectively. The gross reproductive rate (GRR) and net reproductive rate (R0) of A. coquebertii were 23.17 offspring and 18.56 offspring/individual, respectively. The information obtained in this study will be useful for the development of future research projects focused on this predator against D. koenigii under natural conditions. Based on our results, we suggest that A. coquebertii will be a good biological control agent against the second instar of D. koenigii in cotton fields.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68677856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-25DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-92.4.649
Casey M. Delphia, J. Runyon, K. M. O’Neill
ABSTRACT: In 2017, we found 17 dead females of Megachile frigida Smith in clear plastic bags of composted bark mulch in a residential yard in Bozeman, Montana, USA. Females apparently entered bags via small ventilation holes, then became trapped and died. To investigate whether this is a common source of mortality, we deployed unmodified bags of mulch and those fitted with cardboard tubes (as potential nest sites) at three nearby sites in 2018. We found two dead M. frigida females and five completed leaf cells in one of these bags of mulch fitted with cardboard tubes; two male M. frigida emerged from these leaf cells. In 2018, we also discovered three dead female M. frigida and three dead females of a second leafcutter bee species, Megachile gemula Cresson, in clear bags of another type of bark mulch. Both mulches emitted nearly identical blends of volatile organic compounds, suggesting their odors could attract females searching for nesting sites. These findings suggest that more research is needed to determine how common and widespread this is for Megachile species that nest in rotting wood and if there are simple solutions to this problem.
{"title":"Clear Plastic Bags of Bark Mulch Trap and Kill Female Megachile (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) Searching for Nesting Sites","authors":"Casey M. Delphia, J. Runyon, K. M. O’Neill","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-92.4.649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-92.4.649","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: In 2017, we found 17 dead females of Megachile frigida Smith in clear plastic bags of composted bark mulch in a residential yard in Bozeman, Montana, USA. Females apparently entered bags via small ventilation holes, then became trapped and died. To investigate whether this is a common source of mortality, we deployed unmodified bags of mulch and those fitted with cardboard tubes (as potential nest sites) at three nearby sites in 2018. We found two dead M. frigida females and five completed leaf cells in one of these bags of mulch fitted with cardboard tubes; two male M. frigida emerged from these leaf cells. In 2018, we also discovered three dead female M. frigida and three dead females of a second leafcutter bee species, Megachile gemula Cresson, in clear bags of another type of bark mulch. Both mulches emitted nearly identical blends of volatile organic compounds, suggesting their odors could attract females searching for nesting sites. These findings suggest that more research is needed to determine how common and widespread this is for Megachile species that nest in rotting wood and if there are simple solutions to this problem.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46578293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-11DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-92.3.561
A. Melin, J. Colville
A nest aggregation of the oil-collecting bee Rediviva intermixta (Cockerell, 1934) (Hymenoptera: Melittidae: Melittinae) was found associated with a mound of harvester termite, Microhodotermes viator (Latreille, 1804) occupying a clay-rich bank. We first noticed this nest aggregation by the intensive patrolling of seemingly hundreds of males searching for females close to the ground. We estimate the density of nests as 194 nests/m2 or 2917 nests in the 15m2 aggregation. This short communication presents observations on the daily activity and interactive behavior of males and females at the nesting holes. We provide the first account for this family of the males sleeping together in burrows, rather than on flowers.
{"title":"A Nesting Aggregation of Rediviva intermixta (Melittinae: Melittidae) with Males Sleeping Together in Burrows: Namaqualand, South Africa","authors":"A. Melin, J. Colville","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-92.3.561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-92.3.561","url":null,"abstract":"A nest aggregation of the oil-collecting bee Rediviva intermixta (Cockerell, 1934) (Hymenoptera: Melittidae: Melittinae) was found associated with a mound of harvester termite, Microhodotermes viator (Latreille, 1804) occupying a clay-rich bank. We first noticed this nest aggregation by the intensive patrolling of seemingly hundreds of males searching for females close to the ground. We estimate the density of nests as 194 nests/m2 or 2917 nests in the 15m2 aggregation. This short communication presents observations on the daily activity and interactive behavior of males and females at the nesting holes. We provide the first account for this family of the males sleeping together in burrows, rather than on flowers.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45067155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-08DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-92.3.549
Xing-yu Zhou, Jiawen Wang, Jing Zhang, Hua Yang, Wei Yang, Chun-ping Yang, Wei Zhou, Tao Li, Rulin Wang
ABSTRACT: Parocneria orienta Chao (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) is the primary defoliator of members of the conifer family Cupressaceae in China. Research is needed to identify the geographic distribution of P. orienta and its major areas of occurrence and to formulate measures for early warning, monitoring and control of this pest. Data on the occurrence P. orienta were collected from 4,688 monitoring sites in Sichuan Province, China from 2012 to 2016. Analyses of the spatial distribution and model fit were carried out using ArcGIS and Matlab software. We found that the occurrence of P. orienta complied with a normal distribution law (α = 1% confidence level) in terms of longitude and latitude and belonged to a generalized extreme-value distribution (α = 1% confidence level) in terms of elevation. According to the double factor variance analysis taking year-month as the time variance and longitude, latitude and elevation as the space variance, the hazard centroid shifted significantly by 6 minutes of longitude in March (105°46′37″E) and July (105°40′30″E) of the same year. The regions of greatest damage by P. orienta were located in eastern and southeastern parts of Sichuan Province (105.7°E–31.1°N, elevation 400 m), an area that features plains and low mountains with lush vegetation and abundant Cupressus funebris individuals.
{"title":"The Relationships Among Longitude, Latitude and Elevation of Occurrence of Parocneria orienta Chao (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) in China","authors":"Xing-yu Zhou, Jiawen Wang, Jing Zhang, Hua Yang, Wei Yang, Chun-ping Yang, Wei Zhou, Tao Li, Rulin Wang","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-92.3.549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-92.3.549","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Parocneria orienta Chao (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) is the primary defoliator of members of the conifer family Cupressaceae in China. Research is needed to identify the geographic distribution of P. orienta and its major areas of occurrence and to formulate measures for early warning, monitoring and control of this pest. Data on the occurrence P. orienta were collected from 4,688 monitoring sites in Sichuan Province, China from 2012 to 2016. Analyses of the spatial distribution and model fit were carried out using ArcGIS and Matlab software. We found that the occurrence of P. orienta complied with a normal distribution law (α = 1% confidence level) in terms of longitude and latitude and belonged to a generalized extreme-value distribution (α = 1% confidence level) in terms of elevation. According to the double factor variance analysis taking year-month as the time variance and longitude, latitude and elevation as the space variance, the hazard centroid shifted significantly by 6 minutes of longitude in March (105°46′37″E) and July (105°40′30″E) of the same year. The regions of greatest damage by P. orienta were located in eastern and southeastern parts of Sichuan Province (105.7°E–31.1°N, elevation 400 m), an area that features plains and low mountains with lush vegetation and abundant Cupressus funebris individuals.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49493269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-08DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-92.3.512
Carolina D. Sempertegui-Sosa, Jacob Schrier, Daniel J. Romine, Megan E. Connolly
Abstract: Three species of ticks have been found in Northeast Missouri, where the incidence and prevalence of tick-borne infections is among the highest in the United States of America. We collected ticks and detected the presence of Rickettsia montanensis (instead of R. rickettsii) and Ehrlichia chaffeensis and the absence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infections among adult ticks collected in conservation and private areas of Adair County, Missouri. Pathogens were detected and identified using PCR, DNA sequencing of PCR fragments and statistical sequence analysis. We found Ehrlichia chaffeensis in 10% of ticks of the species Amblyomma amercanum and Rickettsia montanensis in 7.95% of collected ticks of the species Dermacentor variabilis. These findings stress the importance of continuous monitoring and study of vector populations in the region. Such monitoring can contribute to risk assessment of ehrlichiosis, spotted fever infections, and anaplasmosis, which are considered endemic in the region.
{"title":"Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria Among Adult Ticks Collected in Conservation Areas and Private Lands of Adair County, Missouri","authors":"Carolina D. Sempertegui-Sosa, Jacob Schrier, Daniel J. Romine, Megan E. Connolly","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-92.3.512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-92.3.512","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Three species of ticks have been found in Northeast Missouri, where the incidence and prevalence of tick-borne infections is among the highest in the United States of America. We collected ticks and detected the presence of Rickettsia montanensis (instead of R. rickettsii) and Ehrlichia chaffeensis and the absence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infections among adult ticks collected in conservation and private areas of Adair County, Missouri. Pathogens were detected and identified using PCR, DNA sequencing of PCR fragments and statistical sequence analysis. We found Ehrlichia chaffeensis in 10% of ticks of the species Amblyomma amercanum and Rickettsia montanensis in 7.95% of collected ticks of the species Dermacentor variabilis. These findings stress the importance of continuous monitoring and study of vector populations in the region. Such monitoring can contribute to risk assessment of ehrlichiosis, spotted fever infections, and anaplasmosis, which are considered endemic in the region.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42857643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-08DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-92.3.536
Ji-Hye Song, Kisang Kwon, Nuri Lee, Hyojung Shin, Dong Woon Kim, Honggeun Kim, Ans O-Yu Kwon
ABSTRACT: Few reports have described the effect of starvation on insect muscle physiology and development. This study examined the role of troponin C (TnC) in the skeletal muscles and digestive tracts of the two-spotted cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus; Orthoptera: Gryllidae) during starvation and re-feeding. The TnC gene of G. bimaculatus (GrybiTnC) was cloned and found to encode a 153-amino-acid protein with a theoretical isoelectric point of 4.02 and molecular weight of 17,368.23 Da. Homology analyses revealed that GrybiTnC exhibited high amino acid similarities with TnCs from other insects, showing sequence identities ranging from ∼54 to 75%. GrybiTnC has two Ca2+-binding sites and five EF-hand motifs, similar to most TnC proteins. GrybiTnC gene expression was examined under starvation and re-feeding conditions in three different skeletal muscle and digestive tract regions. During starvation, GrybiTnC gene expression was unchanged in muscle but upregulated in the foregut and hindgut. Whereas GrybiTnC gene expression in muscle was similar under re-feeding and starvation conditions, it was upregulated in the foregut and midgut by re-feeding with carbohydrates and lipids and downregulated in the hindgut by re-feeding with carbohydrates, proteins and lipids.
{"title":"cDNA Cloning and Expression Analysis of Troponin C from Gryllus bimaculatus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)","authors":"Ji-Hye Song, Kisang Kwon, Nuri Lee, Hyojung Shin, Dong Woon Kim, Honggeun Kim, Ans O-Yu Kwon","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-92.3.536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-92.3.536","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Few reports have described the effect of starvation on insect muscle physiology and development. This study examined the role of troponin C (TnC) in the skeletal muscles and digestive tracts of the two-spotted cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus; Orthoptera: Gryllidae) during starvation and re-feeding. The TnC gene of G. bimaculatus (GrybiTnC) was cloned and found to encode a 153-amino-acid protein with a theoretical isoelectric point of 4.02 and molecular weight of 17,368.23 Da. Homology analyses revealed that GrybiTnC exhibited high amino acid similarities with TnCs from other insects, showing sequence identities ranging from ∼54 to 75%. GrybiTnC has two Ca2+-binding sites and five EF-hand motifs, similar to most TnC proteins. GrybiTnC gene expression was examined under starvation and re-feeding conditions in three different skeletal muscle and digestive tract regions. During starvation, GrybiTnC gene expression was unchanged in muscle but upregulated in the foregut and hindgut. Whereas GrybiTnC gene expression in muscle was similar under re-feeding and starvation conditions, it was upregulated in the foregut and midgut by re-feeding with carbohydrates and lipids and downregulated in the hindgut by re-feeding with carbohydrates, proteins and lipids.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42264930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-08DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-92.3.576
{"title":"2020 Membership Application","authors":"","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-92.3.576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-92.3.576","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47903434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-08DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-92.3.497
D. Lagos-Kutz, M. Pawlowski, B. Diers, Swapna R. Purandare, K. Tilmon, G. Hartman
ABSTRACT: Since the discovery of the invasive soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, in the USA in 2000, populations have expanded throughout the Midwestern USA and Canada. Its negative economic impact on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield provides the impetus to continue investigating the effectiveness of host plant resistance which has been affected by soybean aphid biotypes that overcome soybean plants containing Rag (resistance to A. glycines) genes. In this study, 14 aphid clones collected on soybean and buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica L.) plants along with four known aphid biotypes (from our stock collection) were evaluated in no-choice assays by quantifying the number of aphids on soybean genotypes with Rag genes and the susceptible cultivar Williams 82. No-choice assays were conducted using detached leaves and whole plants. Inconsistent responses of the biotypes from the stock collection by using detached leaves confirm the efficacy of whole plant assays to accurately differentiate biotypes. None of the biotypes or field clones from Illinois, Indiana and South Dakota overcame the resistance of soybean genotypes LD14-8004 (Rag1) and PI437696. A soybean aphid clone from Wooster, Ohio readily colonized LD14-8002 (Rag2), but did not overcome any of the other resistance genes indicating that it is different from biotypes 3 and 4, which also overcome LD14-8002 (Rag2) and, respectively, LD14-8004 (Rag1) and LD14-8006 (Rag3).
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