Pub Date : 2020-01-08DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-92.2.479
Casey M. Delphia, J. Gibbs
Abstract: The halictid bee fauna of the West Indies is poorly documented, especially for species of Lasioglossum Curtis, 1833. More information regarding the ranges and distributions of these species among the islands is needed for understanding historical biogeography and for bee conservation efforts. Here we report new distributional records in the U.S. and British Virgin Islands for three species of Lasioglossum: L. dispersum Gibbs, 2018, L. enatum Gibbs, 2018, and L. rufopanticis (Engel, 2001). We also provide information on new host-plant associations and describe specimens with atypical wing venation and unusual facial markings, which add to our understanding of basic biology and variation within species.
{"title":"New Island Records for Lasioglossum (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) from the Virgin Islands, West Indies.","authors":"Casey M. Delphia, J. Gibbs","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-92.2.479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-92.2.479","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The halictid bee fauna of the West Indies is poorly documented, especially for species of Lasioglossum Curtis, 1833. More information regarding the ranges and distributions of these species among the islands is needed for understanding historical biogeography and for bee conservation efforts. Here we report new distributional records in the U.S. and British Virgin Islands for three species of Lasioglossum: L. dispersum Gibbs, 2018, L. enatum Gibbs, 2018, and L. rufopanticis (Engel, 2001). We also provide information on new host-plant associations and describe specimens with atypical wing venation and unusual facial markings, which add to our understanding of basic biology and variation within species.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":"92 1","pages":"479 - 487"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43504396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-08DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-92.2.492
W. Cranshaw, Peter Forrence, B. Kondratieff
ABSTRACT: An agricultural field in southeastern Colorado grown under drip irrigation in 2014 allowed for observations related to the life history of immature stages of the asilid Diogmites angustipennis Loew. A survey of holes in the soil surface made during recent pupal eclosion provided an estimate that approximately 6,670 D. angustipennis/hectare had recently emerged at the site. The field had been in furrow irrigated field corn the previous three seasons indicating that larval stages of this species can develop sizable populations within cultivated fields. Larval prey were not observed, but the most abundant potential prey in this site would have been immature stages of diabroticine beetles.
{"title":"Observations on Development of Diogmites angustipennis Loew (Diptera: Asilidae) in a Cultivated Field","authors":"W. Cranshaw, Peter Forrence, B. Kondratieff","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-92.2.492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-92.2.492","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: An agricultural field in southeastern Colorado grown under drip irrigation in 2014 allowed for observations related to the life history of immature stages of the asilid Diogmites angustipennis Loew. A survey of holes in the soil surface made during recent pupal eclosion provided an estimate that approximately 6,670 D. angustipennis/hectare had recently emerged at the site. The field had been in furrow irrigated field corn the previous three seasons indicating that larval stages of this species can develop sizable populations within cultivated fields. Larval prey were not observed, but the most abundant potential prey in this site would have been immature stages of diabroticine beetles.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":"92 1","pages":"492 - 494"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43142360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-08DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-92.2.468
Shaun M. McCoshum, M. Geber
Abstract: Land conversion for human use poses one of the greatest threats to terrestrial ecosystems and causes habitat loss for a myriad of species. The development of large solar energy facilities and urban sprawl are converting wild lands in the Southwest deserts of the USA for human use and resulting in habitat loss for desert species. This is in part due to the Southwest deserts being identified as having high renewable energy potential while urban areas expand into areas supporting high biodiversity. Previous studies have quantified development within some of these biodiversity hotspots, but none have investigated direct species-specific habitat loss for different species of pollinators. Native bees are poorly studied, and therefore it is difficult to know how much habitat has been lost. We quantified the amount of land conversion occurring between 2010 and 2015 in Clark County, NV, Mojave County, AZ, and San Bernardino County, CA to assess direct loss of potential-habitat for species in the Southwest deserts. Using Satellite images, we quantified the direct habitat loss to solar facilities and estimated other land conversion due to urban sprawl using USDA land cover data. We created eco-niche models in MaxENT for ten Ashmeadiella bees, to estimate the amount of direct, potential-habitat loss caused by solar development and urban expansion. Our data suggest species are not equally affected by land conversion in the Southwest deserts and direct, potential-habitat loss to urban sprawl is much greater than the loss due to solar facilities. Furthermore, our data show each species incurs different amounts of habitat loss to both solar development and urban expansion as well as between counties. These results should assist in pollinator conservation program development by illustrating land conversion can vary between local governments and pollinator species.
{"title":"Land Conversion for Solar Facilities and Urban Sprawl in Southwest Deserts Causes Different Amounts of Habitat Loss for Ashmeadiella Bees","authors":"Shaun M. McCoshum, M. Geber","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-92.2.468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-92.2.468","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Land conversion for human use poses one of the greatest threats to terrestrial ecosystems and causes habitat loss for a myriad of species. The development of large solar energy facilities and urban sprawl are converting wild lands in the Southwest deserts of the USA for human use and resulting in habitat loss for desert species. This is in part due to the Southwest deserts being identified as having high renewable energy potential while urban areas expand into areas supporting high biodiversity. Previous studies have quantified development within some of these biodiversity hotspots, but none have investigated direct species-specific habitat loss for different species of pollinators. Native bees are poorly studied, and therefore it is difficult to know how much habitat has been lost. We quantified the amount of land conversion occurring between 2010 and 2015 in Clark County, NV, Mojave County, AZ, and San Bernardino County, CA to assess direct loss of potential-habitat for species in the Southwest deserts. Using Satellite images, we quantified the direct habitat loss to solar facilities and estimated other land conversion due to urban sprawl using USDA land cover data. We created eco-niche models in MaxENT for ten Ashmeadiella bees, to estimate the amount of direct, potential-habitat loss caused by solar development and urban expansion. Our data suggest species are not equally affected by land conversion in the Southwest deserts and direct, potential-habitat loss to urban sprawl is much greater than the loss due to solar facilities. Furthermore, our data show each species incurs different amounts of habitat loss to both solar development and urban expansion as well as between counties. These results should assist in pollinator conservation program development by illustrating land conversion can vary between local governments and pollinator species.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":"92 1","pages":"468 - 478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42340533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-08DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-92.2.432
A. Neupane, L. Kafle
ABSTRACT: The German cockroach, Blatella germanica, is a pest of human habitats distributed throughout the world. Boric acid (BA; H3BO3), in the form of powder, pellets, or blocks, has been used to control German cockroaches. Gel baits are also considered highly effective for controlling German cockroach populations. However, BA is not currently available as a gel bait. Thus, the present study was carried out to determine the best concentration of BA to formulate as a gel bait, and measure its direct effectiveness and the horizontal transfer of the active ingredient (AI) through cannibalism in adult German cockroaches (domino effect). Effectiveness of laboratory-prepared BA gel baits (lab baits) was analysed, and the efficacy and horizontal transfer of the most effective lab bait was compared to four commercial baits. Among three tested lab baits, the bait prepared with 40% BA (lab bait A) resulted in significantly greater cockroach mortality and a lower lethal time (LT50) value than other lab baits. When compared with commercial baits, there was no significant difference between lab bait A and BA baits in the amount of bait consumed and the detection time. Similarly, mortality of cockroaches caused by lab bait A was equal to mortality caused by the commercial BA bait. Percentage of bait unfed adult cockroaches killed by transferred BA from lab bait A fed and dead adult cockroaches (secondary mortality) was significantly greater than that caused by both commercial BA bait and fipronil bait.
{"title":"Development of New Boric Acid Gel Baits Against German Cockroaches, Blatella germanica L (Blattodea: Blattellidae)","authors":"A. Neupane, L. Kafle","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-92.2.432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-92.2.432","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: The German cockroach, Blatella germanica, is a pest of human habitats distributed throughout the world. Boric acid (BA; H3BO3), in the form of powder, pellets, or blocks, has been used to control German cockroaches. Gel baits are also considered highly effective for controlling German cockroach populations. However, BA is not currently available as a gel bait. Thus, the present study was carried out to determine the best concentration of BA to formulate as a gel bait, and measure its direct effectiveness and the horizontal transfer of the active ingredient (AI) through cannibalism in adult German cockroaches (domino effect). Effectiveness of laboratory-prepared BA gel baits (lab baits) was analysed, and the efficacy and horizontal transfer of the most effective lab bait was compared to four commercial baits. Among three tested lab baits, the bait prepared with 40% BA (lab bait A) resulted in significantly greater cockroach mortality and a lower lethal time (LT50) value than other lab baits. When compared with commercial baits, there was no significant difference between lab bait A and BA baits in the amount of bait consumed and the detection time. Similarly, mortality of cockroaches caused by lab bait A was equal to mortality caused by the commercial BA bait. Percentage of bait unfed adult cockroaches killed by transferred BA from lab bait A fed and dead adult cockroaches (secondary mortality) was significantly greater than that caused by both commercial BA bait and fipronil bait.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":"92 1","pages":"432 - 446"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47545467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-26DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-92.1.406
R. Ewing, H. Davis, Breta L. Alstrom, Chloe E. Albin, Ashley M. Kragelund, R. J. Whitworth
ABSTRACT: There are several species of spiders in the midwestern United States that cohabit with humans, but probably the most concerning is the brown recluse spider, Loxosceles reclusa, (Araneae: Sicariidae) because of the potential for a venomous bite. Thus, managing the brown recluse spider is a continuous endeavor. Essential oils (EOs), i.e. specific plant extracts, have often been used to control or deter other arthropods and pests. In this study, several EOs were selected to test their effectiveness as alternatives to synthetic pesticides for L. reclusa control. Spiders were exposed to EOs by direct contact or as a fumigant (inhalation) treatment for 24 h, and mortality was recorded. Physical contact with the oils resulted in the greatest mortality, with wintergreen, peppermint and lavender to a lesser extent, showing potential for L. reclusa control. Mortality attributed to lemon, lemongrass or wild orange was too low to provide effective reduction of L. reclusa populations. Fumigants (inhalation) caused less mortality than contact treatments, never resulting in more than 20%. Two EOs, wintergreen and peppermint, demonstrated effective toxicity to L. reclusa and may have potential as alternatives to synthetic pesticides for this pest, warranting further investigation.
{"title":"Essential Oils as an Alternative to Conventional Pesticides for Managing Brown Recluse Spiders, Loxosceles reclusa, (Araneae: Sicariidae)","authors":"R. Ewing, H. Davis, Breta L. Alstrom, Chloe E. Albin, Ashley M. Kragelund, R. J. Whitworth","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-92.1.406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-92.1.406","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: There are several species of spiders in the midwestern United States that cohabit with humans, but probably the most concerning is the brown recluse spider, Loxosceles reclusa, (Araneae: Sicariidae) because of the potential for a venomous bite. Thus, managing the brown recluse spider is a continuous endeavor. Essential oils (EOs), i.e. specific plant extracts, have often been used to control or deter other arthropods and pests. In this study, several EOs were selected to test their effectiveness as alternatives to synthetic pesticides for L. reclusa control. Spiders were exposed to EOs by direct contact or as a fumigant (inhalation) treatment for 24 h, and mortality was recorded. Physical contact with the oils resulted in the greatest mortality, with wintergreen, peppermint and lavender to a lesser extent, showing potential for L. reclusa control. Mortality attributed to lemon, lemongrass or wild orange was too low to provide effective reduction of L. reclusa populations. Fumigants (inhalation) caused less mortality than contact treatments, never resulting in more than 20%. Two EOs, wintergreen and peppermint, demonstrated effective toxicity to L. reclusa and may have potential as alternatives to synthetic pesticides for this pest, warranting further investigation.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":"92 1","pages":"406 - 411"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45531263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-26DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-92.1.412
E. Ballman, F. Drummond
ABSTRACT: Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine larval movement of the spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii Matsumura). Movement of larvae outside of the wild blueberry fruit (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton) can occur after exhausting fruit food resources pri- or to completion of development or just prior to pupation. We found that when provided a choice larvae select moist compared to dry environments both in plastic arenas providing only filter paper for shelter and in a soil filled petri dishes. Movement was usually limited to less than 7.5 cm in the soil from a release point. An exponential decay model suggests that only 0.1% of a larval population will move as far as 17.5 cm. Results of our study suggest that while larvae move readily, they have minimal ability to avoid localized xeric soil micro-climatic conditions through movement. However, they will select less stressful moist soil environments.
{"title":"Larval Movement of Spotted Wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae)","authors":"E. Ballman, F. Drummond","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-92.1.412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-92.1.412","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine larval movement of the spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii Matsumura). Movement of larvae outside of the wild blueberry fruit (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton) can occur after exhausting fruit food resources pri- or to completion of development or just prior to pupation. We found that when provided a choice larvae select moist compared to dry environments both in plastic arenas providing only filter paper for shelter and in a soil filled petri dishes. Movement was usually limited to less than 7.5 cm in the soil from a release point. An exponential decay model suggests that only 0.1% of a larval population will move as far as 17.5 cm. Results of our study suggest that while larvae move readily, they have minimal ability to avoid localized xeric soil micro-climatic conditions through movement. However, they will select less stressful moist soil environments.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":"92 1","pages":"412 - 421"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44950771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-26DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-92.1.376
Haoliang Chen, M. Qu, F. Ali, Lulu Lin, Ming-hui Xie, Guangling Zhang, W. Su
ABSTRACT: Anomala corpulenta is an insect pest that is widely distributed in China, and it can cause large economic losses in agriculture, horticulture, and forestry. It is difficult to control because most of the lifecycle is underground. Trapping adults would be an environmentally sustainable way to reduce damage caused by this insect. Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are considered to be important chemodetection proteins. In this study, we investigate the expression of odorant-binding protein genes and chemosensory protein genes in different tissues of the adult and other developmental stages. The antenna had the highest expression levels for OBPs and CSPs of all tissues, except for OBP7 which was most highly expressed in the head without antenna. Besides the antenna, the head without antenna had the next highest expression levels for all OBP and CSP genes. The expression of OBP2, OBP3, OBP14, and CSP in the adult was higher than in other stages, while, OBP7 was lower than in other stages. Before estimating the expression of OBPs and CSPs, seven candidate reference genes were tested for stability among the tissues of adult and other development stages. GAPDH was the best reference gene in different tissues of the adult, and RPL13a was the best reference gene in different development stages. Our results provide a foundation for further research on the molecular aspects of chemical communication of this insect.
{"title":"Expression Analysis of Odorant-Binding Protein Genes and Chemosensory Protein Genes in Anomala corpulenta Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)","authors":"Haoliang Chen, M. Qu, F. Ali, Lulu Lin, Ming-hui Xie, Guangling Zhang, W. Su","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-92.1.376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-92.1.376","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Anomala corpulenta is an insect pest that is widely distributed in China, and it can cause large economic losses in agriculture, horticulture, and forestry. It is difficult to control because most of the lifecycle is underground. Trapping adults would be an environmentally sustainable way to reduce damage caused by this insect. Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are considered to be important chemodetection proteins. In this study, we investigate the expression of odorant-binding protein genes and chemosensory protein genes in different tissues of the adult and other developmental stages. The antenna had the highest expression levels for OBPs and CSPs of all tissues, except for OBP7 which was most highly expressed in the head without antenna. Besides the antenna, the head without antenna had the next highest expression levels for all OBP and CSP genes. The expression of OBP2, OBP3, OBP14, and CSP in the adult was higher than in other stages, while, OBP7 was lower than in other stages. Before estimating the expression of OBPs and CSPs, seven candidate reference genes were tested for stability among the tissues of adult and other development stages. GAPDH was the best reference gene in different tissues of the adult, and RPL13a was the best reference gene in different development stages. Our results provide a foundation for further research on the molecular aspects of chemical communication of this insect.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":"92 1","pages":"376 - 389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46910276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-26DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-92.1.400
F. Drummond, William R. Aman, J. Collins
ABSTRACT: Despite the tenebrionid genus Blapstinus being species rich with 91 described species in North America, individual beetles are not commonly observed. We collected Blapstinus metallicus (Fab.) in Maine wild blueberry fields in 2012 and in a Massachusetts wooded residential property in 2017. This species has the largest geographic range of all the Blapstinus species reported in North America. Our paper reports on the death feigning behavior of B. metallicus and provides a review of the literature on this little studied group of beetles.
{"title":"An Uncommon Beetle, Blapstinus metallicus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Found in Maine Wild Blueberry Fields","authors":"F. Drummond, William R. Aman, J. Collins","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-92.1.400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-92.1.400","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: \u0000 Despite the tenebrionid genus Blapstinus being species rich with 91 described species in North America, individual beetles are not commonly observed. We collected Blapstinus metallicus (Fab.) in Maine wild blueberry fields in 2012 and in a Massachusetts wooded residential property in 2017. This species has the largest geographic range of all the Blapstinus species reported in North America. Our paper reports on the death feigning behavior of B. metallicus and provides a review of the literature on this little studied group of beetles.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":"92 1","pages":"400 - 405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42879915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-26DOI: 10.2317/0022-8567-92.1.351
A. Tabbabi, J. Daaboub, A. Laamari, R. Cheikh, M. Feriani, C. Boubaker, I. B. Jha, H. B. Cheikh
ABSTRACT: Tunisian populations of Culex pipiens pipiens, an important vector of human diseases, have developed resistance to organophosphate insecticides. To understand the origin of this resistance, knowledge of the impact on agricultural pest and mosquito control activities and its significance for the resistance mechanisms will be required. Five populations of C. p. pipiens were collected at various sites with different agricultural pest and mosquito control activities throughout Tunisia and tested for fenitrothion resistance level. Results were compared to those obtained from a control population where no chemical activities have been carried out. Our results strongly suggest the presence of a correlation between agrochemical products and the recorded resistance despite a rather limited number of studied sites (five populations). On the other hand, organophosphates control activities let us suggest the existence of an important impact on fenitrothion resistance. However, it appears that the application of pyrethroids have little to no impact on fenitrothion (organophosphate) resistance. The recorded resistance of the control population should be due to anthropogenic factors; however, the combined effect of migration and gene flow on the evolution of insecticide resistance should also be taken into consideration. The recorded resistance was mediated by both enzymatic detoxification and target-site sensitivity. Our findings showed a positive correlation between both metabolic and target site resistance and the level of resistance. In conclusions, we can say that the use of pesticides and insecticides by both agricultural and public health departments in Tunisia should be more rationalized to reduce the development of resistance in C. p. pipiens populations.
{"title":"The Contribution of Irrational Use of Chemical Products to Increasing Fenitrothion Resistance in Tunisian Populations of Culex pipiens pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae)","authors":"A. Tabbabi, J. Daaboub, A. Laamari, R. Cheikh, M. Feriani, C. Boubaker, I. B. Jha, H. B. Cheikh","doi":"10.2317/0022-8567-92.1.351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-92.1.351","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Tunisian populations of Culex pipiens pipiens, an important vector of human diseases, have developed resistance to organophosphate insecticides. To understand the origin of this resistance, knowledge of the impact on agricultural pest and mosquito control activities and its significance for the resistance mechanisms will be required. Five populations of C. p. pipiens were collected at various sites with different agricultural pest and mosquito control activities throughout Tunisia and tested for fenitrothion resistance level. Results were compared to those obtained from a control population where no chemical activities have been carried out. Our results strongly suggest the presence of a correlation between agrochemical products and the recorded resistance despite a rather limited number of studied sites (five populations). On the other hand, organophosphates control activities let us suggest the existence of an important impact on fenitrothion resistance. However, it appears that the application of pyrethroids have little to no impact on fenitrothion (organophosphate) resistance. The recorded resistance of the control population should be due to anthropogenic factors; however, the combined effect of migration and gene flow on the evolution of insecticide resistance should also be taken into consideration. The recorded resistance was mediated by both enzymatic detoxification and target-site sensitivity. Our findings showed a positive correlation between both metabolic and target site resistance and the level of resistance. In conclusions, we can say that the use of pesticides and insecticides by both agricultural and public health departments in Tunisia should be more rationalized to reduce the development of resistance in C. p. pipiens populations.","PeriodicalId":17396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society","volume":"92 1","pages":"351 - 358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44642267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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