Pub Date : 2025-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104321
Yingze Wang, Zhaowei He, Sheng Zhang, Xiao li Dai
The combined application of pulsed laser irradiation and cryogen spray cooling (CSC) is a promising technique for treating deep skin lesions, such as port wine stains (PWS). However, optimizing this process requires a precise understanding of the dynamic thermo-mechanical responses in skin tissue under sequential cold and heat stimuli. This study presents a comprehensive bio-thermo-mechanical coupling model incorporating temperature-dependent physical properties and the dual-phase lag (DPL) bioheat transfer mechanism. The finite difference method is employed to numerically solve the governing equations, enabling the prediction of temperature, displacement, thermal stress, and thermal damage distributions in multi-layered skin tissue. Comparative analyses reveal the significant influence of temperature-dependent properties and laser parameters on the thermo-mechanical response. The results demonstrate that CSC effectively reduces epidermal thermal damage while inducing notable compressive stress, highlighting the need for balanced clinical protocols.
{"title":"Numerical study on thermo-mechanical interaction in skin tissue with temperature-dependent properties under sequential cold and heat stimulation","authors":"Yingze Wang, Zhaowei He, Sheng Zhang, Xiao li Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The combined application of pulsed laser irradiation and cryogen spray cooling (CSC) is a promising technique for treating deep skin lesions, such as port wine stains (PWS). However, optimizing this process requires a precise understanding of the dynamic thermo-mechanical responses in skin tissue under sequential cold and heat stimuli. This study presents a comprehensive bio-thermo-mechanical coupling model incorporating temperature-dependent physical properties and the dual-phase lag (DPL) bioheat transfer mechanism. The finite difference method is employed to numerically solve the governing equations, enabling the prediction of temperature, displacement, thermal stress, and thermal damage distributions in multi-layered skin tissue. Comparative analyses reveal the significant influence of temperature-dependent properties and laser parameters on the thermo-mechanical response. The results demonstrate that CSC effectively reduces epidermal thermal damage while inducing notable compressive stress, highlighting the need for balanced clinical protocols.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 104321"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145513227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104326
Shayan Zarabadipour , Emadeddin Mobedi , Iman Allahyari , Faramarz Gharagozlou , Mehdi Vojgani , Reza Hemmati Baghbanani , Amirsina Akbarinejad , Vahid Akbarinejad
Prenatal and neonatal exposure to heat stress could negatively affect postnatal reproductive performance in cows. Yet regarding this effect, it has not been differentiated whether the cows were unexposed or exposed to heat stress during postnatal period.
Therefore, the present study investigated reproductive performance of offspring (n = 8774) conceiving in the first month of various seasons of year considering whether or not they were exposed to heat stress around their first life (nulliparous offspring) and postpartum (primiparous offspring) insemination. Developmental stages were assumed as preconceptional, first, second and third trimesters of fetal and neonatal periods.
The longest duration of exposure to heat stress was the second trimester of fetal period in spring group, the first trimester of fetal period in summer group, preconceptional and neonatal periods in fall group, and the third trimester of fetal period in winter group (P < 0.05). When exposure to heat stress did not occur around the first insemination, first service conception risk (FSCR) was the greatest, intermediate, and least in spring and summer, winter, and fall groups, respectively, in nulliparous and primiparous offspring (P < 0.05). Yet when exposure to heat stress occurred around the first insemination, FSCR was the least, intermediate, and greatest in spring and summer, winter, and fall groups, respectively, in nulliparous offspring. It was also less in spring and summer groups than fall and winter groups in primiparous offspring (P < 0.05).
In conclusion, the present study showed temporal developmental effects of heat stress not only on reproductive performance but also on thermotolerance of reproductive performance in the resultant progeny in cattle.
{"title":"Evidence for temporal effect of exposure to heat stress during various developmental stages on productive and reproductive performance as well as thermotolerance of reproductive performance in the offspring in dairy cows","authors":"Shayan Zarabadipour , Emadeddin Mobedi , Iman Allahyari , Faramarz Gharagozlou , Mehdi Vojgani , Reza Hemmati Baghbanani , Amirsina Akbarinejad , Vahid Akbarinejad","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prenatal and neonatal exposure to heat stress could negatively affect postnatal reproductive performance in cows. Yet regarding this effect, it has not been differentiated whether the cows were unexposed or exposed to heat stress during postnatal period.</div><div>Therefore, the present study investigated reproductive performance of offspring (n = 8774) conceiving in the first month of various seasons of year considering whether or not they were exposed to heat stress around their first life (nulliparous offspring) and postpartum (primiparous offspring) insemination. Developmental stages were assumed as preconceptional, first, second and third trimesters of fetal and neonatal periods.</div><div>The longest duration of exposure to heat stress was the second trimester of fetal period in spring group, the first trimester of fetal period in summer group, preconceptional and neonatal periods in fall group, and the third trimester of fetal period in winter group (P < 0.05). When exposure to heat stress did not occur around the first insemination, first service conception risk (FSCR) was the greatest, intermediate, and least in spring and summer, winter, and fall groups, respectively, in nulliparous and primiparous offspring (P < 0.05). Yet when exposure to heat stress occurred around the first insemination, FSCR was the least, intermediate, and greatest in spring and summer, winter, and fall groups, respectively, in nulliparous offspring. It was also less in spring and summer groups than fall and winter groups in primiparous offspring (P < 0.05).</div><div>In conclusion, the present study showed temporal developmental effects of heat stress not only on reproductive performance but also on thermotolerance of reproductive performance in the resultant progeny in cattle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 104326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145468425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104311
Pengyun Qiao , Le Li , Zilong Li, Feifan Sun, Fa Ren
Sperm damage resulting from exposure to environmental toxicants or elevated temperatures frequently involves overlapping mechanisms, most notably the induction of mitochondrial oxidative stress. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), a bioactive dietary component, mitigates decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209)-induced human sperm toxicity by modulating oxidative stress and apoptosis. Exposure to environmentally relevant levels of BDE-209 (40–80 μmol/L) significantly impaired sperm quality, as evidenced by reduced motility, compromised membrane and acrosome integrity, and increased DNA fragmentation when compared to the control group at 37 °C. Mechanistically, exposure to BDE-209 induces mitochondrial oxidative stress, resulting in reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and reduced ATP production. This is evidenced by increased activities of Caspase3 and Caspase9, elevated levels of BAX, and decreased expression of BCL-2. LBP intervention (100 μg/mL) effectively scavenged ROS, restored mitochondrial potential, and enhanced antioxidant capacity, as demonstrated by increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels, alongside decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Furthermore, LBP suppressed apoptotic pathways and enhanced sperm-zona pellucida binding after BDE-209 exposure. A proposed mechanism summarizing this protective pathway is presented in the Graphical Abstract. As a naturally occurring polysaccharide that protects against oxidative stress in sperm, LBP could represent a promising candidate for dietary interventions in populations exposed to elevated levels of BDE-209. This warrants further investigation in in vivo models.
{"title":"Thermotolerance and antiapoptosis enhancement by Lycium barbarum polysaccharide: counteracting mitochondrial oxidative stress in human sperm exposed to decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) at 37 °C","authors":"Pengyun Qiao , Le Li , Zilong Li, Feifan Sun, Fa Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sperm damage resulting from exposure to environmental toxicants or elevated temperatures frequently involves overlapping mechanisms, most notably the induction of mitochondrial oxidative stress. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), a bioactive dietary component, mitigates decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209)-induced human sperm toxicity by modulating oxidative stress and apoptosis. Exposure to environmentally relevant levels of BDE-209 (40–80 μmol/L) significantly impaired sperm quality, as evidenced by reduced motility, compromised membrane and acrosome integrity, and increased DNA fragmentation when compared to the control group at 37 °C. Mechanistically, exposure to BDE-209 induces mitochondrial oxidative stress, resulting in reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and reduced ATP production. This is evidenced by increased activities of Caspase3 and Caspase9, elevated levels of BAX, and decreased expression of BCL-2. LBP intervention (100 μg/mL) effectively scavenged ROS, restored mitochondrial potential, and enhanced antioxidant capacity, as demonstrated by increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels, alongside decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Furthermore, LBP suppressed apoptotic pathways and enhanced sperm-zona pellucida binding after BDE-209 exposure. A proposed mechanism summarizing this protective pathway is presented in the Graphical Abstract. As a naturally occurring polysaccharide that protects against oxidative stress in sperm, LBP could represent a promising candidate for dietary interventions in populations exposed to elevated levels of BDE-209. This warrants further investigation in in vivo models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 104311"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145495887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104310
Abril Fernández , Casilda Rodríguez , Virginia Moraleda , Irene López , Laura Suárez , Natalia Pastor , Samanta Waxman , Fernando González
Body temperature is a marker of health or disease in wild birds. In avian species, the most common clinical method for determining body temperature is cloacal thermometry; however, there is little information on how it represents central body temperature in most avian species, including the Eurasian eagle-owl. Also, a less invasive method, such as infrared thermography, may reduce stress during clinical procedures. This study aims to perform a concordance analysis between cloacal thermometry and ocular or pedes thermographic measurements taken from Eurasian eagle owls, comparing them to esophageal thermometry, which is considered a good gold standard for its anatomical arrangement. The study was performed during the clinical procedures carried out on owls at the recovery center hospital. Thermometric measurements (esophageal, cloacal) and thermographic images of the pedes and eyes were documented. The highest correlation was observed when esophageal thermometry values were compared to cloacal thermometry values or eye thermography. The obtained agreement values showed a bias (upper limit of agreement (LoAu)- lower limit of agreement (LoAl)) of −0.30(0.90 to −0.76), 0.20(2.77 to −0.90), 0.30(2.77 to −0.86), and 0.30(3.62 to −4.16) oC, when esophageal thermometry was compared to cloacal thermometry or thermography values obtained from entire eye, medial canthus of the eye, and pedes, respectively. The cloacal temperature had better correlation and agreement with esophageal thermometry than the thermographically studied sites. The ocular temperature showed a closer agreement with esophageal temperature than with the temperature measured at the pedes. Neither cloacal nor thermographic temperature measurements are concordant with esophageal temperature values (>0.5 °C).
{"title":"“Agreement study between esophageal and cloacal thermometry or infrared thermography measurements in Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo)”","authors":"Abril Fernández , Casilda Rodríguez , Virginia Moraleda , Irene López , Laura Suárez , Natalia Pastor , Samanta Waxman , Fernando González","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Body temperature is a marker of health or disease in wild birds. In avian species, the most common clinical method for determining body temperature is cloacal thermometry; however, there is little information on how it represents central body temperature in most avian species, including the Eurasian eagle-owl. Also, a less invasive method, such as infrared thermography, may reduce stress during clinical procedures. This study aims to perform a concordance analysis between cloacal thermometry and ocular or pedes thermographic measurements taken from Eurasian eagle owls, comparing them to esophageal thermometry, which is considered a good gold standard for its anatomical arrangement. The study was performed during the clinical procedures carried out on owls at the recovery center hospital. Thermometric measurements (esophageal, cloacal) and thermographic images of the pedes and eyes were documented. The highest correlation was observed when esophageal thermometry values were compared to cloacal thermometry values or eye thermography. The obtained agreement values showed a bias (upper limit of agreement (LoA<sub>u</sub>)- lower limit of agreement (LoA<sub>l</sub>)) of −0.30(0.90 to −0.76), 0.20(2.77 to −0.90), 0.30(2.77 to −0.86), and 0.30(3.62 to −4.16) <sup>o</sup>C, when esophageal thermometry was compared to cloacal thermometry or thermography values obtained from entire eye, medial canthus of the eye, and pedes, respectively. The cloacal temperature had better correlation and agreement with esophageal thermometry than the thermographically studied sites. The ocular temperature showed a closer agreement with esophageal temperature than with the temperature measured at the pedes. Neither cloacal nor thermographic temperature measurements are concordant with esophageal temperature values (>0.5 °C).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 104310"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145482361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ectothermic organisms are highly sensitive to ambient temperature, and exposure to extreme heat can induce a range of lethal and sublethal effects. Spiders are abundant and ubiquitous arthropod predators in most terrestrial ecosystems and studying their responses to different temperature regimes provides valuable insights into effects of temperature on this important group of organisms. Here, we exposed the false widow spider (Steatoda grossa), either as eggs or spiderlings to different temperature regimes and monitored their survival and development. The regimes were set at 22/12 °C (day/night), 27/17 °C, 32/22 °C, or were simulated as heatwaves in which the days at 32/22 °C were restricted. Egg and spiderling survival decreased with higher temperature exposure. The growth trajectories of female spiderlings exposed to thermal stress after hatching were stronger affected by the various regimes than those of males. Only the males, which develop much faster than females, reached adulthood and those reared at lower temperatures grew slower but attained significantly more adult body mass. Male spiderlings and, to a lesser extent, eggs and female spiderlings, were able to withstand transient exposure to 32 °C during simulated heatwaves. Our study shows that eggs and young spiderlings are highly sensitive to high temperatures and that female spiderlings are more sensitive than males. Female spiders of this species are mostly sedentary and spend their entire lives in relatively small webs, whereas adult males wander in search of females. Given the higher sensitivity of females and eggs to high temperatures, we argue that females are under strong selection to build webs and place egg sacs at sites where temperatures exceeding 30 °C are avoided.
{"title":"Exposure to high temperatures is fatal for eggs and suppresses growth in a false widow spider, Steatoda grossa","authors":"Yuting Dong , Jeffrey A. Harvey , Melissah Rowe , Rieta Gols","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ectothermic organisms are highly sensitive to ambient temperature, and exposure to extreme heat can induce a range of lethal and sublethal effects. Spiders are abundant and ubiquitous arthropod predators in most terrestrial ecosystems and studying their responses to different temperature regimes provides valuable insights into effects of temperature on this important group of organisms. Here, we exposed the false widow spider (<em>Steatoda grossa</em>), either as eggs or spiderlings to different temperature regimes and monitored their survival and development. The regimes were set at 22/12 °C (day/night), 27/17 °C, 32/22 °C, or were simulated as heatwaves in which the days at 32/22 °C were restricted. Egg and spiderling survival decreased with higher temperature exposure. The growth trajectories of female spiderlings exposed to thermal stress after hatching were stronger affected by the various regimes than those of males. Only the males, which develop much faster than females, reached adulthood and those reared at lower temperatures grew slower but attained significantly more adult body mass. Male spiderlings and, to a lesser extent, eggs and female spiderlings, were able to withstand transient exposure to 32 °C during simulated heatwaves. Our study shows that eggs and young spiderlings are highly sensitive to high temperatures and that female spiderlings are more sensitive than males. Female spiders of this species are mostly sedentary and spend their entire lives in relatively small webs, whereas adult males wander in search of females. Given the higher sensitivity of females and eggs to high temperatures, we argue that females are under strong selection to build webs and place egg sacs at sites where temperatures exceeding 30 °C are avoided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 104323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145513199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104305
Samantha S. Fontaine, Brian K. Trevelline
Rapid changes in gene expression can result in physiological plasticity that assists animals in coping with environmental stressors. Increased capacity for physiological plasticity may then facilitate adaptation to stressful habitats like urban heat islands or invasion into novel ranges. Currently, temperature stress is a leading threat to organisms, especially ectotherms. While exposure to changing temperatures is known to shift gene expression patterns in ectothermic animals, many studies are conducted after lengthy acclimation times. However, exposure to thermal stress in nature can occur rapidly. We assessed the capacity for gene expression plasticity in response to a brief exposure to extreme thermal stress in an urban, introduced species, the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis). Lizards were ramped to their critical thermal maximum (CTmax) or minimum (CTmin) followed by rapid recovery. We used RNA-sequencing to compare the transcriptomes of lizards exposed to CTmax, CTmin, or control conditions using heart, liver, and large intestine tissue. Exposure to heat stress induced a much stronger gene expression response across tissues than cold exposure. In response to heat, there was systemic upregulation of heat shock proteins and stress response pathways. Heat also induced changes in transcription, translation, and metabolic processes but these effects were more tissue specific. Although fewer gene expression changes were observed in response to cold, some genes were upregulated that could be beneficial under cooling stress. Our data suggests gene expression plasticity could facilitate range expansion in this species, but more work is needed to assess the transcriptomic response to temperature stress in nature.
{"title":"Transcriptomics at the thermal limits of an urban introduced lizard","authors":"Samantha S. Fontaine, Brian K. Trevelline","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid changes in gene expression can result in physiological plasticity that assists animals in coping with environmental stressors. Increased capacity for physiological plasticity may then facilitate adaptation to stressful habitats like urban heat islands or invasion into novel ranges. Currently, temperature stress is a leading threat to organisms, especially ectotherms. While exposure to changing temperatures is known to shift gene expression patterns in ectothermic animals, many studies are conducted after lengthy acclimation times. However, exposure to thermal stress in nature can occur rapidly. We assessed the capacity for gene expression plasticity in response to a brief exposure to extreme thermal stress in an urban, introduced species, the common wall lizard (<em>Podarcis muralis</em>). Lizards were ramped to their critical thermal maximum (CT<sub>max</sub>) or minimum (CT<sub>min</sub>) followed by rapid recovery. We used RNA-sequencing to compare the transcriptomes of lizards exposed to CT<sub>max</sub>, CT<sub>min</sub>, or control conditions using heart, liver, and large intestine tissue. Exposure to heat stress induced a much stronger gene expression response across tissues than cold exposure. In response to heat, there was systemic upregulation of heat shock proteins and stress response pathways. Heat also induced changes in transcription, translation, and metabolic processes but these effects were more tissue specific. Although fewer gene expression changes were observed in response to cold, some genes were upregulated that could be beneficial under cooling stress. Our data suggests gene expression plasticity could facilitate range expansion in this species, but more work is needed to assess the transcriptomic response to temperature stress in nature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 104305"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145468428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104315
Yiming Chen, Xinyan Zheng
This study investigated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) during a 5-day heat acclimation (HA) protocol on resting thermoregulation and heart rate variability (HRV). Forty-eight male college students were randomly assigned to four groups: MICT in normal ambient temperatures (N-MICT), MICT in hot ambient temperatures (H-MICT), HIIT in normal ambient temperatures (N-HIIT), and HIIT in hot ambient temperatures (H-HIIT). Participants completed 5 consecutive days of either MICT (50 % maximal power output) or HIIT (3 min at 80 % maximal power output with 2 min of passive rest), all performed on a cycle ergometer in either normal (23 °C) or hot ambient (32 °C) conditions. Core temperature (Tcore), mean skin temperature (Tskin), heart rate (HR), and HRV were measured at rest in hot conditions before and after the intervention. The HIIT HA protocol led to significant reductions in Tcore, Tskin, and HR, along with improvements in HRV. In contrast, the MICT HA protocol significantly reduced HR but did not alter Tcore, Tskin, or HRV. Post-intervention, the H-HIIT group showed greater reductions in Tcore (H-HIIT: 36.96 °C ± 0.27 °C; H-MICT: 37.19 °C ± 0.15 °C, p = 0.02), HR (H-HIIT: 66.62 ± 9.24 bpm; H-MICT: 74.59 ± 7.37 bpm, p = 0.048), as well as more pronounced elevations in root mean square of successive differences and the percentage of successive Normal-Normal intervals that are greater than 50 ms (pNN50) compared to the H-MICT group. Additionally, Tskin was lower in the H-HIIT group than in the N-HIIT group post-intervention. These results indicate that HIIT based HA induced a decrease in body temperature, along with improved HRV, suggest that a 5-day HIIT HA protocol could enhance thermoregulatory and cardiovascular functions.
{"title":"The effects of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training for heat acclimation on resting thermoregulation and heart rate variability","authors":"Yiming Chen, Xinyan Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) during a 5-day heat acclimation (HA) protocol on resting thermoregulation and heart rate variability (HRV). Forty-eight male college students were randomly assigned to four groups: MICT in normal ambient temperatures (N-MICT), MICT in hot ambient temperatures (H-MICT), HIIT in normal ambient temperatures (N-HIIT), and HIIT in hot ambient temperatures (H-HIIT). Participants completed 5 consecutive days of either MICT (50 % maximal power output) or HIIT (3 min at 80 % maximal power output with 2 min of passive rest), all performed on a cycle ergometer in either normal (23 °C) or hot ambient (32 °C) conditions. Core temperature (T<sub>core</sub>), mean skin temperature (T<sub>skin</sub>), heart rate (HR), and HRV were measured at rest in hot conditions before and after the intervention. The HIIT HA protocol led to significant reductions in T<sub>core</sub>, T<sub>skin</sub>, and HR, along with improvements in HRV. In contrast, the MICT HA protocol significantly reduced HR but did not alter T<sub>core</sub>, T<sub>skin</sub>, or HRV. Post-intervention, the H-HIIT group showed greater reductions in T<sub>core</sub> (H-HIIT: 36.96 °C ± 0.27 °C; H-MICT: 37.19 °C ± 0.15 °C, p = 0.02), HR (H-HIIT: 66.62 ± 9.24 bpm; H-MICT: 74.59 ± 7.37 bpm, p = 0.048), as well as more pronounced elevations in root mean square of successive differences and the percentage of successive Normal-Normal intervals that are greater than 50 ms (pNN50) compared to the H-MICT group. Additionally, T<sub>skin</sub> was lower in the H-HIIT group than in the N-HIIT group post-intervention. These results indicate that HIIT based HA induced a decrease in body temperature, along with improved HRV, suggest that a 5-day HIIT HA protocol could enhance thermoregulatory and cardiovascular functions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 104315"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145468429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intensive skin cooling triggers a physiological response that has therapeutic potential for bone injury treatment. However, in the cases of critical-sized bone defects, cryostimulation alone is insufficient. Then this study aimed to evaluate the rate of bone tissue regeneration in the case of the combination of cryostimulation and xenogenic bone matrix implantation to test the hypothesis of healing acceleration. A model of a critical-size defect (2.7 mm in diameter) in the cortical bone of the femoral diaphysis was drilled out in Wistar rats. The defects were filled with xenogenic bone matrix. After cryostimulation carried out twice per week over a 30-day period. Bone regeneration was assessed with micro-CT, histological, immunohistochemical and fluorescence microscopy tests. Micro-CT and histological evaluations revealed enhanced bone regeneration with structural features typical of compact bone, including Haversian canal formation and the presence of cement lines. Morphometric analysis demonstrated a significantly greater relative area of bone regeneration in the experimental group. Immunohistochemistry revealed an increased alkaline phosphatase activity, indicating elevated osteoblastic activity. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed a statistically significant moderate increase (by 10 %) in bone tissue growth rate. Overall, the combined application of cryostimulation and xenogenic bone matrix implantation resulted in complete defect filling and near-complete mineralization of the newly formed bone. These findings demonstrate that cryostimulation enhances bone regeneration when filled xenogenic bone matrix. It offering a promising approach for the treatment of critical-sized bone defects. The results may contribute to the design of novel therapeutic protocols for bone healing, particularly in complicated clinical cases.
{"title":"The effect of local cryostimulation on osteogenesis during implantation of xenogenic bone matrix: An experimental study","authors":"A.V. Shakurov , Y.S. Lukina , L.L. Bionyshev-Abramov , D.V. Smolentsev , N.B. Serejnikova , A.V. Volkov , S.A. Rodionov , A.S. Skriabin","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intensive skin cooling triggers a physiological response that has therapeutic potential for bone injury treatment. However, in the cases of critical-sized bone defects, cryostimulation alone is insufficient. Then this study aimed to evaluate the rate of bone tissue regeneration in the case of the combination of cryostimulation and xenogenic bone matrix implantation to test the hypothesis of healing acceleration. A model of a critical-size defect (2.7 mm in diameter) in the cortical bone of the femoral diaphysis was drilled out in Wistar rats. The defects were filled with xenogenic bone matrix. After cryostimulation carried out twice per week over a 30-day period. Bone regeneration was assessed with micro-CT, histological, immunohistochemical and fluorescence microscopy tests. Micro-CT and histological evaluations revealed enhanced bone regeneration with structural features typical of compact bone, including Haversian canal formation and the presence of cement lines. Morphometric analysis demonstrated a significantly greater relative area of bone regeneration in the experimental group. Immunohistochemistry revealed an increased alkaline phosphatase activity, indicating elevated osteoblastic activity. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed a statistically significant moderate increase (by 10 %) in bone tissue growth rate. Overall, the combined application of cryostimulation and xenogenic bone matrix implantation resulted in complete defect filling and near-complete mineralization of the newly formed bone. These findings demonstrate that cryostimulation enhances bone regeneration when filled xenogenic bone matrix. It offering a promising approach for the treatment of critical-sized bone defects. The results may contribute to the design of novel therapeutic protocols for bone healing, particularly in complicated clinical cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 104322"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145518602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104306
Jie Wang , Shuang Han , Jingping Zhang , Yuhao Luo , Youquan Wang , Chenxi Yan , Liangbiao Chen
Mitochondrial calcium uptake 1 (micu1) plays a critical role in regulating mitochondrial Ca2+ (mCa2+), maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, and modulating redox balance. However, the function of micu1 in fish under cold stress remains unclear. In this study, we characterized the micu1 in Takifugu obscurus, which encodes a 489-amino acid protein with the typical EF-hand structure and high sequence identities with other fish species. T. obscurus micu1 was widely expressed in healthy tissues, with the highest expression in the brain. It was markedly activated in wild-type (WT) and cold-tolerant (CT) pufferfish upon cold stress, with different expression patterns. Knockdown of micu1 in T. obscurus gill cell lines could preserve mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), improve cell viability, and reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production under cold stress. Additionally, micu1 knockdown could affect the expression of genes involved in ferroptosis (trf1a, gpx4, aft3, slc7a11, aifm2, acsl4, and hepcidin), apoptosis (bad, bax, p53, fadd, and caspase3) and inflammation (il6, il8, il10, and tnfa) under cold stress. Moreover, micu1 knockout Nile tilapia (micu1+/−), generated via the CRISPR/Cas9 system, exhibited significantly fewer apoptosis signals under cold stress compared to WT tilapia. The mRNA levels of anti-apoptotic genes (bcl-xl and hsp90) were significantly elevated in the mutant, while pro-apoptotic genes (caspase3, caspase7, bax, and bad) and inflammatory genes (tlr9, nfκb, myd88, il6, il8, and il10) were significantly downregulated under cold stress. Behavioral analysis showed that micu1+/− tilapia exhibited greater activity at low temperatures than WT tilapia. Taken together, these in vivo and in vitro results indicated that micu1 could enhance cold tolerance trait of fish by maintaining cellular membrane potential, inhibiting cold-induced ROS production, ferroptosis and apoptosis. Our study would help us to better understand the function of micu1 in the response of teleosts to cold stress, and provide a valuable target for breeding cold-resistant aquaculture species.
{"title":"Mitochondrial calcium uptake 1 (micu1) knockout ameliorates cold-induced cell death and inflammatory response by mediating mitochondrial homeostasis in fish","authors":"Jie Wang , Shuang Han , Jingping Zhang , Yuhao Luo , Youquan Wang , Chenxi Yan , Liangbiao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mitochondrial calcium uptake 1 (<em>micu1</em>) plays a critical role in regulating mitochondrial Ca<sup>2+</sup> (mCa<sup>2+</sup>), maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, and modulating redox balance. However, the function of <em>micu1</em> in fish under cold stress remains unclear. In this study, we characterized the micu1 in <em>Takifugu obscurus</em>, which encodes a 489-amino acid protein with the typical EF-hand structure and high sequence identities with other fish species. <em>T. obscurus micu1</em> was widely expressed in healthy tissues, with the highest expression in the brain. It was markedly activated in wild-type (WT) and cold-tolerant (CT) pufferfish upon cold stress, with different expression patterns. Knockdown of <em>micu1</em> in <em>T. obscurus</em> gill cell lines could preserve mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), improve cell viability, and reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production under cold stress. Additionally, <em>micu1</em> knockdown could affect the expression of genes involved in ferroptosis (<em>trf1a</em>, <em>gpx4, aft3</em>, <em>slc7a11</em>, <em>aifm2</em>, <em>acsl4</em>, and <em>hepcidin</em>), apoptosis (<em>bad</em>, <em>bax</em>, <em>p53</em>, <em>fadd</em>, and <em>caspase3</em>) and inflammation (<em>il6</em>, <em>il8</em>, <em>il10</em>, and <em>tnfa</em>) under cold stress. Moreover, <em>micu1</em> knockout Nile tilapia (<em>micu1</em><sup>+/−</sup>), generated via the CRISPR/Cas9 system, exhibited significantly fewer apoptosis signals under cold stress compared to WT tilapia. The mRNA levels of anti-apoptotic genes (<em>bcl-xl</em> and <em>hsp90</em>) were significantly elevated in the mutant, while pro-apoptotic genes (<em>caspase3</em>, <em>caspase7</em>, <em>bax</em>, and <em>bad</em>) and inflammatory genes (<em>tlr9</em>, <em>nfκb</em>, <em>myd88</em>, <em>il6</em>, <em>il8</em>, and <em>il10</em>) were significantly downregulated under cold stress. Behavioral analysis showed that <em>micu1</em><sup>+/−</sup> tilapia exhibited greater activity at low temperatures than WT tilapia. Taken together, these <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> results indicated that <em>micu1</em> could enhance cold tolerance trait of fish by maintaining cellular membrane potential, inhibiting cold-induced ROS production, ferroptosis and apoptosis. Our study would help us to better understand the function of <em>micu1</em> in the response of teleosts to cold stress, and provide a valuable target for breeding cold-resistant aquaculture species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 104306"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145448523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104304
Minghui Kong , Qiaoqiao Li , Xiaoyi Chen
Heat may induce depressive disorders by affecting hippocampal neurogenesis. Heat stress may activate the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, leading to elevated glucocorticoid levels, which in turn cause hippocampal damage, suppress the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), impair neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, and ultimately promote the onset of depression. Glucocorticoid receptors play a dual regulatory role in this process: moderate upregulation can counteract stress, but their deficiency or overactivation may impair both the BDNF signaling pathway and the negative feedback regulation of the HPA axis. Prolonged heat exposure may lead to overexpression of heat shock proteins, resulting in neurotoxicity, and by promoting excessive activation of glucocorticoid receptors, further exacerbating damage to the BDNF–TrkB–PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In terms of treatment, antidepressant medications and some nonpharmacological interventions can increase BDNF levels and partially reverse defects in neurogenesis. The effects of moderate heat training on BDNF levels and improvements in depression require further study.
{"title":"Effects of heat environments on depressive disorders: Neurogenesis-mediated mechanisms","authors":"Minghui Kong , Qiaoqiao Li , Xiaoyi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heat may induce depressive disorders by affecting hippocampal neurogenesis. Heat stress may activate the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, leading to elevated glucocorticoid levels, which in turn cause hippocampal damage, suppress the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), impair neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, and ultimately promote the onset of depression. Glucocorticoid receptors play a dual regulatory role in this process: moderate upregulation can counteract stress, but their deficiency or overactivation may impair both the BDNF signaling pathway and the negative feedback regulation of the HPA axis. Prolonged heat exposure may lead to overexpression of heat shock proteins, resulting in neurotoxicity, and by promoting excessive activation of glucocorticoid receptors, further exacerbating damage to the BDNF–TrkB–PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In terms of treatment, antidepressant medications and some nonpharmacological interventions can increase BDNF levels and partially reverse defects in neurogenesis. The effects of moderate heat training on BDNF levels and improvements in depression require further study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 104304"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145448987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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