Journal of thermal biology最新文献_第7页

Five weeks of intermittent hand exposures to alternating cold and hot stimuli do not modify finger cold-induced vasodilatation response 手部间歇接触冷热交替刺激五周不会改变手指冷引起的血管扩张反应。

IF 2.9 2区生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY

Journal of thermal biology

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.104004

Roger Kölegård , Lena Norrbrand , Ola Eiken , Michail E. Keramidas

We tested the hypothesis that prolonged intermittent hand exposures to transient contrast thermal stimuli would enhance the finger cold-induced vasodilatation (CIVD) response during localized cooling. Eight healthy men participated in a 5-week regimen, during which they immersed, thrice per week, the non-dominant (EXP) hand in 8° and 43 °C water, sequentially and at 3-min intervals, for a total period of 60 min. The contralateral (i.e., dominant) hand served as the control (CON) hand. Before and after the regimen, subjects conducted two 30-min hand cold (8 °C water) provocation trials, one with the EXP hand and the other with the CON hand. In addition, a flow-mediated dilatation test was performed in the brachial artery of the EXP arm. Regardless of the hand tested, the average finger skin temperature [CON hand: pre-trial = 10.5 (1.2)°C, post-trial = 10.8 (1.3)°C and EXP hand: pre-trial = 10.7 (1.1)°C, post-trial 10.9 (1.1)°C; p = 0.79], and the incidence of CIVD events [CON hand: pre-trial = 1.1 (1.2) events, post-trial = 1.2 (1.1) events and EXP hand: pre-trial = 1.1 (0.8) events, post-trial = 1.1 (0.8) events; p = 0.88] were not affected by the 5-week regimen. The sensation of cold-induced pain was transiently alleviated following the regimen (p = 0.02). The flow-mediated dilatation response of the EXP brachial artery remained unaltered [pre-trial = 5.4 (3.2)%, post-trial = 4.7 (3.6)%; p = 0.51]. Therefore, five weeks of intermittent hand exposures to alternating cold and hot stimuli do not improve finger temperature responsiveness to sustained localized cold.

我们测试了这样一个假设：手部长时间间歇性暴露于瞬时对比热刺激会增强手指在局部冷却过程中的冷诱导血管扩张（CIVD）反应。八名健康男性参加了为期五周的疗程，在此期间，他们每周三次将非惯用（EXP）手依次浸入 8° 和 43°C 的水中，每次间隔 3 分钟，共 60 分钟。对侧（即优势）手作为对照（CON）手。在疗程前后，受试者分别用 EXP 手和 CON 手进行了两次长达 30 分钟的手冷（8 °C 水）刺激试验。此外，还对 EXP 手臂的肱动脉进行了血流介导的扩张试验。无论用哪只手测试，平均手指皮肤温度[CON 手：试验前 = 10.5 (1.2)°C，试验后 = 10.8 (1.3)°C；EXP 手：试验前 = 10.7 (1.1)°C，试验后 10.9 (1.1)° C；p = 0.79]，CIVD 事件的发生率[CON 手：试验前 = 1.1 (1.2) 事件，试验后 = 1.2 (1.1) 事件和 EXP 手：试验前 = 1.1 (0.8) 事件，试验后 = 1.1 (0.8) 事件；p = 0.88]不受 5 周治疗方案的影响。疗程结束后，冷引起的疼痛感得到短暂缓解（p = 0.02）。外周肱动脉的血流介导扩张反应保持不变[试验前 = 5.4 (3.2)%，试验后 = 4.7 (3.6)%；p = 0.51]。因此，手部间歇性暴露于冷热交替刺激五周并不能改善手指对持续局部冷的温度反应。

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引用次数: 0

Life stage-specific effects of heat stress on spermatogenesis and oogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster 热胁迫对黑腹果蝇精子发生和卵子生成的影响具有生命阶段特异性

IF 2.9 2区生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY

Journal of thermal biology

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.104001

Abhishek Meena, Komal Maggu, Alessio N. De Nardo, Sonja H. Sbilordo, Benjamin Eggs, Rawaa Al Toma Sho, Stefan Lüpold

Biodiversity is increasingly threatened by unpredictable, frequent, and intense climatic events like heatwaves that pose harmful impacts on ectotherms. Beyond the health and survival of organisms, reduced reproductive performance has emerged as a critical fitness consequence of thermal stress induced by high temperatures. Many studies on these effects expose organisms to heat stress during the adult stage or throughout development, often focusing on cumulative effects across life stages, and they tend to examine one or the other sex. This approach may not reflect the short-term nature of many extreme heat events and limits our understanding of stage- and sex-specific fitness consequences in short-lived organisms. To address this gap, we used Drosophila melanogaster to investigate the sex-specific reproductive performance following short heat stress of varying intensity at different developmental stages. We found the thermal sensitivity to be higher in males than females, and to increase toward adult emergence, leading to nearly complete reproductive failure and substantially slowed recovery. These results highlight how even brief bouts of heat stress during a sensitive phase could affect population dynamics and persistence. Our findings also underscore that incorporating both sex and life stage could improve predictions of species persistence.

热浪等不可预测、频繁和强烈的气候事件给外温动物造成了有害影响，生物多样性正日益受到威胁。除了生物的健康和存活之外，高温引起的热应激还导致生殖能力下降，这是一个重要的健康后果。许多有关这些影响的研究都将生物暴露于成体阶段或整个发育过程中的热应激，通常侧重于各生命阶段的累积影响，而且这些研究往往只考察一种或另一种性别。这种方法可能无法反映许多极端高温事件的短期性质，并限制了我们对短寿命生物的阶段和性别特异性适应性后果的了解。为了弥补这一不足，我们利用黑腹果蝇研究了不同发育阶段的性别在不同强度的短期热胁迫下的生殖表现。我们发现雄果蝇的热敏感性高于雌果蝇，而且在成虫萌发过程中，雄果蝇的热敏感性增加，导致生殖几乎完全失败，恢复速度大大减慢。这些结果突显了在敏感期即使是短暂的热应激也会影响种群动态和持续性。我们的研究结果还强调，将性别和生命阶段结合起来可以改善对物种持续性的预测。

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引用次数: 0

Empirical evidence for the extent of spatial and temporal thermal variation on sea turtle nesting beaches 海龟筑巢海滩时空热变化程度的经验证据。

IF 2.9 2区生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY

Journal of thermal biology

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103965

Holly J. Stokes , Jacques-Olivier Laloë , Nicole Esteban , Graeme C. Hays

Recording sand temperatures has become routine at many sea turtle nesting sites across the world given the impacts of incubation temperatures on hatchling sex ratios. However, the extent of thermal variability found at a nesting site has previously received little attention. Here we examine empirical sand temperature records across five atolls extending 250 km in the Chagos archipelago, Indian Ocean, between October 2012 and July 2023 and quantify the extent of spatial and temporal thermal variability. Our results suggest that sand temperatures at our study site vary seasonally and inter-annually, between beaches in the archipelago, and within beaches in different nesting habitats. The biggest drivers of thermal variability were seasonal and inter-annual differences, which modulated sand temperatures by up to 3.00 °C and 1.03 °C, respectively. Intra-beach and inter-beach variability further modulated temperatures by up to 0.56 °C and 0.85 °C, respectively. In addition, mean monthly sand temperatures were relatively low, suggesting that hatchling sex ratios are fairly balanced. The wide range of sand temperatures recorded at this nesting site suggests that it is likely both male-biased and female-biased clutches are produced during the nesting season. Quantifying thermal variability from a long-term sand temperature time series offers valuable insight into a population with temperature-dependent sex determination and, when possible, should be considered when modelling temperature impacts on hatchling sex ratios.

鉴于孵化温度对幼龟性别比的影响，在全球许多海龟筑巢地记录沙温已成为例行工作。然而，筑巢地点的热变异程度以前很少受到关注。在此，我们研究了 2012 年 10 月至 2023 年 7 月期间印度洋查戈斯群岛绵延 250 公里的五个环礁的沙温实证记录，并量化了空间和时间热变异的程度。我们的研究结果表明，我们研究地点的沙温存在季节性和年际性差异，群岛内不同海滩之间以及不同筑巢栖息地海滩内部的沙温也存在差异。热变异的最大驱动因素是季节性差异和年际差异，它们对沙温的影响分别高达3.00 °C和1.03 °C。海湾内和海湾间的温度变化对温度的调节作用分别高达 0.56 ℃ 和 0.85 ℃。此外，月平均沙温相对较低，表明幼体性别比例相当均衡。在该筑巢地点记录到的沙温范围很广，这表明在筑巢季节很可能会同时产生雄性偏向和雌性偏向的卵。从长期的沙温时间序列中量化热变异，可对性别决定依赖于温度的种群提供有价值的见解，在可能的情况下，在模拟温度对孵化雏鸟性别比的影响时应加以考虑。

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引用次数: 0

The interplay of temperature and circadian periodicity in winter activity of non-cavernous hibernator, Nyctalus noctula 非冬眠动物 Nyctalusnoctula 冬季活动中温度和昼夜节律周期性的相互作用。

IF 2.9 2区生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY

Journal of thermal biology

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103999

Kseniia Kravchenko , Joanna Furmankiewicz

Winter activity of hibernating mammals is likely to be influenced by climate change. Our study focuses on Nyctalus noctula, a non-cavernous hibernator using artificial roosts in a recently colonized winter region. Using continuous acoustic monitoring and temperature measurements inside and outside the roosts, we found that bats exhibit a circadian cycle (active at night, resting during the day) even during hibernation season. Activity duration and intensity changed in response to ambient temperature, photoperiod, and hibernation progression. Warm ambient temperatures led to increased nighttime activity, extending the duration of the active phase. As photoperiod increased, the rest phase lengthened, while the overall magnitude of activity decreased from the beginning to the end of the hibernation period. Below 0 °C vocal activity was nearly zero indicating a minimal probability of bat activity during both day and night. The species recent success in extending its hibernation range northward may be attributed to its flexible adjustment to prevailing environmental conditions. Nevertheless, it remains uncertain whether engaging in daily activity at temperatures above 0 °C confers any advantages at northern latitudes to prevent premature energy depletion. The persistence of circadian activity during winter could be a relic behavior, adapted from historical patterns of wintering in insect-rich and warm southern latitudes.

冬眠哺乳动物的冬季活动很可能受到气候变化的影响。我们的研究重点是夜蝙蝠（Nyctalus noctula），它是一种非冬眠动物，在一个新近殖民的冬季地区使用人工栖息地。通过连续的声学监测和栖息地内外的温度测量，我们发现蝙蝠即使在冬眠季节也表现出昼夜节律周期（夜间活动，白天休息）。活动持续时间和强度随环境温度、光周期和冬眠进程而变化。温暖的环境温度导致夜间活动增加，从而延长了活动阶段的持续时间。随着光周期的延长，休息阶段也随之延长，而从冬眠期开始到结束，总体活动强度有所下降。温度低于 0 °C时，蝙蝠的声音活动几乎为零，这表明蝙蝠在白天和夜晚的活动概率都很小。该物种最近成功地将冬眠范围向北扩展，这可能要归功于它能灵活地适应当时的环境条件。尽管如此，在温度高于0 °C的情况下进行日常活动是否会给北纬地区的蝙蝠带来任何好处以防止过早的能量消耗，这一点仍不确定。冬季持续的昼夜节律活动可能是一种遗存行为，是从昆虫丰富和温暖的南纬地区过冬的历史模式中适应而来的。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of acute mild winter conditions on the productivity of feedlot cattle: An Australian perspective 冬季极端温和条件对饲养场牛生产率的影响：澳大利亚的视角。

IF 2.9 2区生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY

Journal of thermal biology

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103989

Pippa J. Pryor , Billie Standfield , Janelle Wilkes, Léa Labeur , Angela M. Lees

The impact of cold stress on feedlot cattle has received limited investigation in temperate climates. However, cold stress has been found to impact cattle welfare and production in temperate climatic conditions, where ambient temperature (T_A), precipitation, relative humidity (RH), wind speed (WS) and solar radiation (SR) all influencing apparent temperature. While there are many indices to quantify cold stress in cattle, there are limited indices that directly relate to cattle and account for all the interactions between climatic variables. This makes cold stress difficult to quantify, with on-cattle measures such as core body temperature and shivering difficult metrics to obtain in feedlot cattle. Moreover, individual cattle will react differently to cold conditions based on their production, age, sex, coat characteristics (colour and type), breed and nutrition. While cold stress can be difficult to measure, the production status, behavioural and physiological effects of cold stress have been identified, but generally under what could be considered as extreme cold stress events. Similarly, while mitigation strategies such as shelter, bedding and windbreaks have been investigated, limited information is available surrounding their usefulness in temperate climates. Further research is needed to fully investigate the effects of cold stress and how to mitigate those effects in feedlot cattle under conditions, such as those found in Australia.

在温带气候条件下，冷应激对饲养场牛只影响的研究十分有限。然而，在温带气候条件下，环境温度（TA）、降水量、相对湿度（RH）、风速（WS）和太阳辐射（SR）都会影响表观温度，因此冷应激会影响牛的福利和生产。虽然有许多指数可以量化牛的冷应激，但与牛直接相关并考虑到气候变量之间所有相互作用的指数却很有限。这使得冷应激难以量化，在饲养场中很难获得牛的核心体温和颤抖等牛体测量指标。此外，每头牛会根据其产量、年龄、性别、被毛特征（颜色和类型）、品种和营养状况对寒冷条件做出不同的反应。虽然冷应激难以测量，但冷应激对生产状况、行为和生理的影响已被确定，但一般是在可被视为极端冷应激事件的情况下。同样，虽然已经对遮蔽物、垫料和防风林等缓解策略进行了研究，但有关这些策略在温带气候条件下的作用的信息十分有限。需要进一步开展研究，以全面调查冷应激的影响，以及如何在澳大利亚等地的条件下减轻饲养场牛的这些影响。

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引用次数: 0

Patterns of thermal normality of the knee joint in professional athletes of different sports 不同运动项目职业运动员膝关节的热正常模式。

IF 2.9 2区生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY

Journal of thermal biology

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103991

Cristiane Mara de Rezende , Alisson Gomes da Silva , Manuel Sillero-Quintana , João Carlos Bouzas Marins

引用次数: 0

Temperature as an effective biosecurity tool against invasive snakes 温度作为一种有效的生物安全工具，可有效防止蛇类入侵。

IF 2.9 2区生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY

Journal of thermal biology

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103978

Julien C. Piquet , Borja Maestresalas , Marta López-Darias

The application of thermal treatments could serve as a biosecurity tool to avert snake introduction, which often leads to irreversible ecological impacts. Here, we tested the applicability of conductive heating and thermal fumigation to prevent the spread of the California kingsnake (Lampropeltis californiae), a damaging species established on the island of Gran Canaria, likely to reach other vulnerable regions, and included among the most concerning invasive species of the European Union. We exposed 24 individuals to a thermal gradient to determine species selected temperatures, range of preferred temperatures and voluntary thermal maximum and used other 24 individuals to analyse their response to conductive heating, thermal fumigation and control (no heat) treatments. Lampropeltis californiae selected temperatures of 27.80 ± 1.05 °C (ranging 26.86 °C ± 1.21 °C to 28.68 °C ± 1.25 °C) and a voluntary thermal maximum of 32.50 ± 3.69 °C. Conductive heating and thermal fumigation performed equally well, inducing the exit of 83.33% and 91.67% of all individuals after 14.36 ± 9.25 min and 11.13 ± 8.60 min of exposition, and at a body temperature of 35.66 ± 3.53 °C and 35.57 ± 2.41 °C, respectively. Control treatments produced the exit of 29.17% of all individuals, which came out of the box in 24.80 ± 8.83 min and at a body temperature of 28.60 ± 1.38 °C. Thermal treatments could serve as an effective tool to prevent the inadvertent transportation of L. californiae and other invasive snakes threatening numerous regions around the globe.

蛇类传入往往会对生态造成不可逆转的影响，而热处理可作为一种生物安全工具，避免蛇类传入。在这里，我们测试了传导加热和热熏蒸在防止加州王蛇（Lampropeltis californiae）传播方面的适用性，加州王蛇是大加那利岛的一种有害物种，很可能会传播到其他脆弱地区，并被列为欧盟最令人担忧的入侵物种之一。我们将 24 个个体暴露在热梯度下，以确定物种选择的温度、偏好的温度范围和自愿的最高温度，并利用其他 24 个个体分析它们对传导加热、热熏蒸和对照（无热）处理的反应。Lampropeltis californiae选择的温度为27.80 ± 1.05 °C（范围为26.86 ° C ± 1.21 °C至28.68 ° C ± 1.25 °C），自愿最高温度为32.50 ± 3.69 °C。传导加热和热熏蒸的效果相同，在暴露 14.36 ± 9.25 分钟和 11.13 ± 8.60 分钟后，分别有 83.33% 和 91.67% 的个体退出，体温分别为 35.66 ± 3.53 °C 和 35.57 ± 2.41 °C。对照组有 29.17% 的个体在 24.80 ± 8.83 分钟内出箱，体温为 28.60 ± 1.38 °C。热处理可作为一种有效工具，防止加利福尼亚蛇和其他入侵蛇的意外运输，这些蛇威胁着全球许多地区。

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引用次数: 0

Adaptive capability of slow-growing backyard poultry as indicated by physiological and molecular responses in a hot and humid coastal climate 湿热沿海气候下散养家禽生理和分子反应所显示的缓慢生长的适应能力。

IF 2.9 2区生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY

Journal of thermal biology

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103985

Nibedita Nayak , Subrat Kumar Bhanja , Eaknath B. Chakurkar , Amiya Ranjan Sahu

Assessing the adaptability of slow-growing rural chickens for improving thermotolerance to suit the global climate change is a major research need. This work was aimed to evaluate the adaptability of CARI-Debendra chickens and to identify the polymorphism as well as expression profiling of thermotolerant genes (HSP70 and GRP78) under prevailing temperature-humidity indices and thermal stress in a coastal environment. One hundred sixty straight run chicks were reared at THI≥75 (control) and THI>80 under coastal climate till 12 weeks. Polymorphism of HSP70 and GRP78 candidate genes were explored using restriction enzymes TaqI and HaeIII to identify possible thermotolerance markers. Expression profiling of both the genes in liver, intestine and pectoralis muscle was determined through quantitative real-time PCR. Rectal and body surface temperature recorded in the neck and back showed significant differences (P < 0.01) with higher temperature in THI>80 group. Comparatively lower live weights (P < 0.05) and poor FCR were recorded in THI>80 group. The villi height in all intestinal segments was significantly lower (P < 0.01), but deeper crypt depth was observed in THI>80 than control group. A lowest thymus weight (P < 0.05) was noted with no significant differences in immune response in treatment group. Serum levels of cholesterol, activities of lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine kinase and concentration of potassium, sodium and thyroxine hormone were not different between the 2 groups. The concentration of triiodothyronine and chloride ion was lower in THI>80 group indicating adaptive changes for thermoregulation. HSP70 gene expressions in the three tissues were differentially increased (P < 0.01) by temperature-humidity indices, but the expression of GRP78 was not different between the 2 groups. The results concluded that the environmental factors interact with genetics on adaptability towards thermotolerance in slow-growing chickens.

评估农村慢生鸡的适应性以提高耐热性，从而适应全球气候变化是一项重大的研究需求。本研究旨在评估 CARI-Debendra 鸡的适应性，并确定耐热基因（HSP70 和 GRP78）的多态性，以及在沿海环境的主要温湿度指数和热应力下的表达谱。在THI≥75（对照组）和THI>80的沿海气候条件下饲养160只直立雏鸡至12周。使用限制性酶 TaqI 和 HaeIII 研究了 HSP70 和 GRP78 候选基因的多态性，以确定可能的耐热性标记。通过定量实时聚合酶链式反应测定了这两个基因在肝脏、肠道和胸肌中的表达谱。颈部和背部记录的直肠温度和体表温度显示出显著差异（P 80）。活体重相对较低（P 80 组）。所有肠段的绒毛高度都明显低于对照组（P 80）。胸腺重量最低（P 80 组），表明体温调节发生了适应性变化。三种组织中的 HSP70 基因表达量均有不同程度的增加（P

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引用次数: 0

Cardiac electrical and functional activity following an outdoor cold-water swimming event 户外冷水游泳后的心电和功能活动。

IF 2.9 2区生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY

Journal of thermal biology

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103996

Victorien Faivre-Rampant , Corentin Hingrand , A. Mezanger , Eric Saloux , Pierre Ollitrault , Simon Alvado , Hervé Normand , Igor B. Mekjavic , Thibaud Collet , Benoit Mauvieux , Joffrey Drigny , Amir Hodzic

Aims

Participation in outdoor cold-water swimming (OCWS) events combines endurance exercise and cold exposure. Concerns have emerged about the potential risk of acute adverse cardiac events during OCWS, particularly during endurance events. We analysed the effect of prolonged OCWS on cardiac function in trained athletes.

Methods

The swimming event consisted of laps over a 1000-m course, for up to 6 h, in water at 15 °C. Twenty participants (11 males, 47.3 ± 8.6 years old) were included. Core temperature (T_core) was monitored using an ingestible temperature sensor during and up to 1 h after the swim. Body composition, blood pressure, electrocardiogram (ECG), and transthoracic echocardiography were assessed 1 day before the event and within the first hour upon completion of the swim.

Results

Mean body mass index was 27.1 ± 5.1 kg/m² and fat mass was 25.2 ± 9.1 %. Mean duration of swimming was 214 ± 115 min. Minimum Tcore was 35.6 ± 1.3 °C. A significant lengthening of the QT interval corrected (QTc) for heart rate was observed post-exercise (437.7 ± 27.7 vs. 457.2 ± 35.9 ms, p = 0.012), with 5 participants exhibiting post-exercise QTc >500ms. OCWS did not alter the biventricular systolic function and left ventricular relaxation. No correlation was observed between ΔQTc and ΔTcore.

Conclusion

OCWS seemed to acutely delay post-exercise cardiac repolarization without alteration of cardiac function in a healthy trained population. Additional investigations would be warranted to explore the clinical implications of QT lengthening and its relationship with autonomic nervous system regulation during OCWS.

目的：参加室外冷水游泳（OCWS）活动将耐力锻炼和寒冷暴露结合在一起。人们开始担心在室外冷水游泳过程中，尤其是在耐力项目中发生急性不良心脏事件的潜在风险。我们分析了长时间 OCWS 对训练有素的运动员心脏功能的影响：游泳比赛包括在 15 °C的水中在 1000 米的赛道上游泳 6 小时。20名参赛者（11名男性，47.3±8.6岁）参加了比赛。在游泳过程中和游泳后 1 小时内，使用可摄入温度传感器监测核心温度（Tcore）。在比赛前一天和游泳结束后一小时内，对身体成分、血压、心电图和经胸超声心动图进行了评估：平均体重指数为 27.1 ± 5.1 kg/m2，脂肪含量为 25.2 ± 9.1%。平均游泳时间为 214 ± 115 分钟。最低温度为 35.6 ± 1.3 °C。运动后观察到心率校正后的 QT 间期（QTc）明显延长（437.7 ± 27.7 vs. 457.2 ± 35.9 ms，p = 0.012），其中 5 名参与者运动后 QTc >500ms。OCWS 没有改变双心室收缩功能和左心室舒张功能。ΔQTc与ΔTcore之间没有相关性：结论：在健康的训练人群中，OCWS 似乎能急性延迟运动后心脏复极化，但不会改变心脏功能。有必要进行更多研究，以探讨 QT 延长的临床意义及其与 OCWS 期间自律神经系统调节的关系。

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引用次数: 0

Plastic use as nesting material can alter incubation temperature and behaviour but does not affect yellow-legged gull chicks 使用塑料作为筑巢材料会改变孵化温度和行为，但不会影响黄腿鸥雏鸟

IF 2.9 2区生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY

Journal of thermal biology

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.104005

Sara N. Veríssimo , Filipe Veloso , Francisco Neves , Jaime A. Ramos , Vitor H. Paiva , Ana C. Norte

Optimal incubation temperature is crucial for embryos' development and survival. With the increasing use of plastics in gulls' nests, it is essential to understand how their incorporation affects incubation temperature, parental behaviour, and hatching success. Considering this, we conducted an experiment where plastic was introduced into yellow-legged gulls (Larus michahellis) nests. The experiment comprised three groups: a control group, a group with low amount of plastic, and a third with a high amount of plastic. This design allowed us to investigate the effects of plastic on 1) the heart rate of incubating adults, 2) the number and duration of adults' absences from their nest, 3) how the presence or absence of the adult influenced egg temperature, and 4) chick hatching success, physiological parameters, and bill colour phenotype. We observed that incubation temperature was consistently higher in nests with plastic. The number of absences was higher in the low plastic group at increased temperatures, though the duration was significantly lower in both plastic groups than in the control, possibly to mitigate the effects of heat stress. During higher environmental temperatures, heart rate was higher for the high plastic group. The increase in heart rate in the low plastic group was less pronounced with increasing environmental temperatures. No significant effects were observed on hatching success or in the health condition of young chicks, except for high values of haemoglobin in both plastic groups, which might indicate dehydration.

最佳孵化温度对胚胎的发育和存活至关重要。随着塑料在海鸥巢中的使用越来越多，了解塑料对孵化温度、亲鸟行为和孵化成功率的影响至关重要。有鉴于此，我们进行了一项将塑料引入黄腿鸥（Larus michahellis）巢穴的实验。实验包括三组：对照组、低塑料含量组和高塑料含量组。这种设计使我们能够研究塑料对以下方面的影响：1）孵化成鸟的心率；2）成鸟离开巢穴的次数和持续时间；3）成鸟的存在与否对鸟蛋温度的影响；4）雏鸟孵化成功率、生理参数和喙色表型。我们观察到，塑料巢的孵化温度一直较高。在温度升高时，低塑料组的缺巢次数较多，但两个塑料组的缺巢持续时间都明显低于对照组，这可能是为了减轻热应激的影响。在环境温度较高时，高塑料组的心率较高。随着环境温度的升高，低塑料组心率的增加不那么明显。对孵化成功率和幼雏的健康状况没有观察到明显的影响，但两个塑料组的血红蛋白值都很高，这可能表明雏鸡脱水。

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