Journal of thermal biology最新文献_第7页

Radiative magneto-thermal modeling of tri hybrid nanofluid in blood: A Biomedical intelligent framework for hyperthermia cancer therapy 血液中三混合纳米流体的辐射磁热建模：热疗癌症治疗的生物医学智能框架

IF 2.9 2区生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY

Journal of thermal biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2026.104382

Zeeshan Ikram Butt , Iftikhar Ahmad , Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja , Muhammad Shoaib

The emergence of tri hybrid nanofluids has revolutionized thermal engineering by remarkably increasing the transport capabilities because of the synergistic effects of multiple nanoparticles. Motivated by their superior performance and optimistic biomedical applications especially in hyperthermia based cancer therapies, this study scrutinized the heat transfer performance of a magnetized radiative tri hybrid nanofluid containing copper oxide, titanium oxide, and silicon oxide as nanoparticles distributed in human blood modeled as Casson fluid. The adopted model comprises nonlinear form of radiative heat transfer with convective boundary conditions to present realistic physiological and engineering scenarios. A novel intelligent computing framework is constructed by employing unsupervised form of Artificial Neural Networks and the training process is optimized using a hybrid meta-heuristic scheme which is an amalgam of global exploration ability of Genetic Algorithms with the powerful local refinement of Sequential Quadratic Programming. By adopting appropriate transformations, the governing nonlinear partial differential equations are reduced into a couple of ordinary differential equations which are then solved by varying leading physical parameters to investigate tri hybrid nanofluid flow and thermal aptitude. It is observed that the thermal profile depicts a 14 % decline for higher values of Prandtl number which is an indication of enhanced thermal resistance because of less thermal diffusivity while a 15 % growth in temperature is detected with an uplift in the radiation parameter, both are critical for attaining effective and controlled localized heating in hyperthermia cancer treatment. All the obtained results are comprehensively depicted through graphical and tabulated datasets by comparing the reference solution obtained via the Adams numerical method. The reliability and accuracy of the designed framework are validated via numerical comparisons, statistical error estimation and comprehensive convergence analysis which confirm its robustness and suitability for biomedical heat transfer applications.

三混合纳米流体的出现，由于多个纳米颗粒的协同作用，显著提高了输送能力，从而彻底改变了热工技术。由于其优异的性能和乐观的生物医学应用，特别是在基于热疗的癌症治疗中，本研究仔细研究了一种磁性辐射三混合纳米流体的传热性能，该纳米流体含有氧化铜、氧化钛和氧化硅作为纳米颗粒分布在人体血液中，模拟为卡森液。所采用的模型包括具有对流边界条件的非线性辐射传热形式，以反映真实的生理和工程场景。采用无监督形式的人工神经网络构造了一种新的智能计算框架，并利用遗传算法的全局探索能力和序列二次规划的强大局部细化能力相结合的混合元启发式方案对训练过程进行了优化。通过适当的变换，将控制非线性偏微分方程简化为两个常微分方程，然后通过改变先导物性参数对其进行求解，以研究三混合纳米流体的流动和热倾向。我们观察到，当普朗特数的值较高时，热剖面显示了14%的下降，这表明由于热扩散率降低，热阻增强，而随着辐射参数的升高，温度增长了15%，两者对于在热疗癌症治疗中获得有效和可控的局部加热都是至关重要的。通过对比Adams数值方法得到的参考解，通过图形化和表格化的数据集对得到的结果进行了综合描述。通过数值比较、统计误差估计和综合收敛分析，验证了所设计框架的可靠性和准确性，验证了其在生物医学传热应用中的鲁棒性和适用性。

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引用次数: 0

Climatic challenges for reproductive performances of dairy cattle herds in Algeria 气候对阿尔及利亚奶牛群繁殖性能的影响

IF 2.9 2区生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY

Journal of thermal biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2026.104419

Aziza Ferag , Djalel Eddine Gherissi , Tarek Khenenou , Ramzi Lamraoui , Amel Boughanem , Hafida Hadj Moussa , Mohammed Titaouine , Christian Hanzen , Pierre-Guy Marnet

Variations in climate are common throughout the Mediterranean area, particularly in Algeria. The main goal of this study is to evaluate the effects of environmental changes particularly the daily temperature-humidity index (THI), breeding region, and breed type on a variety of reproductive parameters including the conception rate at first, second, and third artificial insemination and more (CR1^stAI and CR2^ndAI, respectively), repeat breeding cows (RBC) overall conception rate (OCR), apparent fertility index (AFI), and reproductive period (RP). A total of 40 956 AI was performed on 24 657 cows from 2016 to 2021 sourced from CNIAAG. The results highlight the low levels of fertility in dairy cattle in Algeria, which was made worse by the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the results showed that both humid and arid regions are stressful zones (THI >72), and Algeria clearly exhibits summer heat stress. Significant correlations between THI and Algerian cattle fertility (P < 0.000) have been observed. When THI was less than 72, reproductive parameters were better but worsened when THI grater than72. The results of the Odds ratio (0.746 and 0.531) indicated a lowered likelihood of OCR and CR1stAI for THI >80 compared to THI <68. There were differences in reproductive parameters among regions, the arid regions had the highest levels of CR1^stAI and services per conception SPC. The breeds significantly influenced the reproductive performance (P < 0.001), the local population exhibiting the highest performance. A significant interaction effect of multiple factors with THI was registered. This study underscores the adverse effects of climatic conditions on dairy cattle fertility, highlighting the imperative of finding strategies to alleviate these detriments. Focusing particularly on the well-being of dairy cows emerges as a key avenue for mitigating these challenges.

气候变化在整个地中海地区是常见的，特别是在阿尔及利亚。本研究的主要目的是评价环境变化，特别是日温湿指数（THI）、繁殖区域和品种类型对奶牛第一次、第二次和第三次人工授精及多次授精受孕率（CR1stAI和CR2ndAI）、重复繁殖期（RBC）总受孕率（OCR）、表观生育指数（AFI）和繁殖期（RP）等多种生殖参数的影响。2016年至2021年，对来自CNIAAG的24657头奶牛进行了40 956次人工智能试验。结果显示，阿尔及利亚奶牛的生育率较低，这一情况因COVID-19大流行而恶化。此外，结果表明，湿润和干旱地区都是应激区（THI >72），阿尔及利亚明显表现出夏季热应激。已经观察到THI与阿尔及利亚牛生育力之间的显著相关性（P < 0.000）。当THI小于72时，生殖参数较好，当THI大于72时，生殖参数变差。优势比（0.746和0.531）的结果表明，与THI <；68相比，THI <； 80的OCR和CR1stAI的可能性较低。不同地区的生殖参数存在差异，干旱地区的CR1stAI和每胎服务SPC水平最高。品种对繁殖性能有显著影响（P < 0.001），地方种群表现出最高的繁殖性能。多因素对THI有显著的交互作用。这项研究强调了气候条件对奶牛生育力的不利影响，强调了寻找减轻这些不利影响的策略的必要性。特别关注奶牛的健康是缓解这些挑战的关键途径。

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引用次数: 0

Lock-in thermography as a tool in insect thermal biology: Insights from Hoplia argentea 锁定热成像技术作为昆虫热生物学研究的工具：来自阿根廷红藻的见解。

IF 2.9 2区生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY

Journal of thermal biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2026.104406

Branislav Salatić , Danica Pavlović , Nikola Vesović , Dejan V. Pantelić

The elytron is a hard, intricately patterned exoskeleton of beetles with multiple functions: wing cover, protection from predators and the environment, as well as thermal insulation and heat dissipation. Owing to the complex shape and internal structure spanning millimeters, microns and nanoscales it is difficult to measure and analyze the thermal properties of elytra. Here, we describe a thermal imaging, phase-sensitive (lock-in) technique to assess minute temperature differences and their dependence on elytral anatomy. This is achieved by periodically heating the elytra with a laser while synchronously detecting the emitted thermal radiation with an infrared camera. In this way, the thermal noise was strongly suppressed, revealing small thermal variations along the elytra. Hoplia argentea (Poda, 1761) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) was used as a case study, and we were able to relate temperature variation to underlying structures (e.g., wing scales or lacunae). The disclosed technique may be applied to study many thermal processes in insects and other species.

鞘翅是一种坚硬的、图案复杂的甲虫外骨骼，具有多种功能：覆盖翅膀，保护自己免受捕食者和环境的侵害，以及隔热和散热。由于鞘翅复杂的形状和内部结构跨越毫米、微米和纳米尺度，这给测量和分析鞘翅的热性能带来了困难。在这里，我们描述了一种热成像，相敏（锁定）技术，以评估微小的温差及其对鞘翅解剖的依赖。这是通过用激光周期性地加热鞘翅，同时用红外摄像机同步检测发射的热辐射来实现的。通过这种方式，热噪声被强烈抑制，显示出沿鞘翅的小热变化。以金龟甲（鞘翅目：金龟甲科：金龟甲科）为研究对象，我们能够将温度变化与底层结构（如翅鳞或窝孔）联系起来。本发明技术可用于研究昆虫和其他物种的许多热过程。

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引用次数: 0

Do artificial roost design and placement alter the torpor expression of Indiana bats? 人工筑巢的设计和位置会改变印第安那蝙蝠的迟钝表情吗？

IF 2.9 2区生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY

Journal of thermal biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2026.104372

Reed D. Crawford , Luke E. Dodd , Joy M. O'Keefe

Artificial bat roosts are deployed worldwide for conservation and mitigation for loss of habitat. To date, few studies have assessed bat physiological responses to these structures despite the direct fitness consequences associated with artificial roosts. Variations in artificial roost design and placement impact roost temperature and could affect bats’ thermoregulatory responses, with potentially negative implications for energy expenditure and reproduction. To address this knowledge gap, we used temperature-sensitive radio telemetry to quantify the torpor expression of female Indiana bats, an endangered species, using five different artificial roost designs placed in sun-exposed and shaded locations during the summer of 2021 at field sites in Indiana and Kentucky, USA. For bats using the large, thermally stratified artificial roosts we deployed, all variants of a reference design, torpor expression was strongly influenced by minimum daily temperature but not by artificial roost design. Indiana bats exhibited three common thermoregulatory behaviors during this study: continuous endothermy, morning torpor, and all-day torpor use. By switching roosts with seasonal weather shifts, Indiana bats could avoid cooler, shaded artificial roosts, thus avoiding excessive torpor use during pup rearing. Bats shifted from shaded roost placements early in the summer to sun-exposed roost placements after canopy leaf-out occurred. Our results highlight the labile behavioral and thermoregulatory responses of bats to their roosting environments. Offering a variety of artificial roost designs and placements to meet shifting thermoregulatory needs could be critical to enabling bats to maintain a positive energy budget over the course of the maternity season.

在世界各地部署了人工蝙蝠栖息地，以保护和减轻生境的丧失。迄今为止，很少有研究评估蝙蝠对这些结构的生理反应，尽管这些结构与人工栖息地有直接的适应性影响。人工栖息地设计和位置的变化会影响栖息地温度，并可能影响蝙蝠的体温调节反应，对能量消耗和繁殖产生潜在的负面影响。为了解决这一知识差距，我们在2021年夏季在美国印第安纳州和肯塔基州的野外地点使用温度敏感无线电遥测技术，在阳光照射和阴影处放置了五种不同的人工巢穴设计，量化了濒危物种印第安纳州雌性蝙蝠的冬眠表达。对于使用我们部署的大型热分层人工栖息地的蝙蝠，参考设计的所有变体，冬眠表达受最低日温度的强烈影响，但不受人工栖息地设计的影响。在这项研究中，印第安那蝙蝠表现出三种常见的体温调节行为：持续恒温、早晨冬眠和全天冬眠。通过随着季节天气的变化而改变栖息地，印第安纳蝙蝠可以避免更凉爽，阴凉的人工栖息地，从而避免在幼仔饲养期间过度使用冬眠。蝙蝠在夏初从阴凉的栖息地转移到树冠落叶发生后暴露在阳光下的栖息地。我们的研究结果强调了蝙蝠对栖息环境的不稳定行为和体温调节反应。提供各种各样的人工栖息地设计和位置，以满足不断变化的体温调节需求，对于使蝙蝠在生育季节保持正能量预算至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Acute thermal stress responses of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in freshwater and seawater 大西洋鲑鱼在淡水和海水中的急性热应激反应

IF 2.9 2区生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY

Journal of thermal biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2026.104370

Junewoo Park , Kyun-Woo Lee , Jin-chul Park , Sung-oh Park , Euihyeon Lee , Min-Seok Kim , Hye-Min Kang

Climate-change-induced temperature change poses significant challenges for aquatic organisms, particularly fish. In this study, we investigated the effects of acute thermal stress on the smolt-stage Atlantic salmon Salmo salar reared under both freshwater and seawater conditions. A total of 192 salmon smolts (mean body weight ± SD: 136.20 ± 13.24 g) were exposed to four temperatures (14, 18, 22, and 26 °C) for up to 120 h. Biochemical parameters and gene expression levels of antioxidant- and stress-related markers were analyzed to assess the effects of thermal exposure. Mortality was observed only in the 26 °C group, and weight gain was observed only in the control groups, suggesting that increased temperatures negatively affect growth. Biochemical analysis revealed that serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly elevated at 26 °C in freshwater conditions, while serum glucose, chloride, and sodium were increased in seawater conditions. Additionally, serum total protein and total cholesterol were decreased in both freshwater and seawater conditions, indicating possible hepatic dysfunction under high thermal stress. Gene expression data demonstrated substantial upregulation of hsp70, hsp90, and gpx, with cat and ppar-γ showing early significant decrease. These results indicate that acute thermal stress markedly disrupts physiological and molecular responses in S. salar, highlighting the critical need for effective temperature management strategies in aquaculture and wild salmon conservation under ongoing climate change.

气候变化引起的温度变化对水生生物，特别是鱼类构成了重大挑战。在本研究中，我们研究了急性热应激对淡水和海水条件下饲养的幼龄大西洋鲑鱼的影响。将192只鲑鱼（平均体重±SD: 136.20±13.24 g）暴露在4种温度（14、18、22和26°C）下长达120小时。分析了生物化学参数和抗氧化和应激相关标志物的基因表达水平，以评估热暴露的影响。只有在26°C组中观察到死亡率，只有在对照组中观察到体重增加，这表明温度升高对生长有负面影响。生化分析显示，26℃淡水条件下血清丙氨酸转氨酶和天冬氨酸转氨酶水平显著升高，海水条件下血清葡萄糖、氯化物和钠含量升高。此外，在淡水和海水条件下，血清总蛋白和总胆固醇均下降，表明高热应激可能导致肝功能障碍。基因表达数据显示hsp70、hsp90和gpx显著上调，cat和ppar-γ早期显著降低。这些结果表明，急性热应激显著破坏了S. salar的生理和分子反应，强调了在持续气候变化的情况下，水产养殖和野生鲑鱼保护迫切需要有效的温度管理策略。

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引用次数: 0

Elevation shapes thermal breadth and climate sensitivity in Moltrecht's treefrog tadpoles 海拔塑造了Moltrecht树蛙蝌蚪的热宽度和气候敏感性

IF 2.9 2区生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY

Journal of thermal biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2026.104369

Jh-Yu You , Pol Pintanel , Ming-Feng Chuang

Global climate change causes rising annual temperatures and an increase in extreme climate events, posing higher risks to organisms. Understanding the thermal tolerance of organisms is therefore crucial to evaluate the temperature limits they can withstand. Previous studies have hypothesized that species thriving in regions with higher climatic variability tend to have broader thermal tolerance breadth to adapt to such environments, a concept known as the climate variability hypothesis. However, few studies have explored whether different populations of the same species, distributed across varying environments, follow this trend. In this study, we examined the critical thermal tolerance abilities and recorded the microclimates of Moltrecht's green treefrog (Zhangixalus moltrechti) tadpoles across different elevations. We aimed to test the climate variability hypothesis and assess the plasticity of their upper and lower thermal tolerance limits. Our results revealed that tadpoles from higher elevations exhibit a broader thermal tolerance breadth, with elevation primarily influencing their critical thermal minimum. Additionally, the plasticity of cold tolerance was greater than that of heat tolerance. Our study highlights that even within the same species, populations in different environments face distinct threats from climate change. Notably, global warming poses a greater risk to low-elevation populations.

全球气候变化导致年气温上升和极端气候事件增加，给生物带来更高的风险。因此，了解生物体的耐热性对于评估它们所能承受的温度限制至关重要。以前的研究假设，在气候变异性较高的地区，物种往往具有更广泛的热耐受广度来适应这种环境，这一概念被称为气候变异性假说。然而，很少有研究探讨分布在不同环境中的同一物种的不同种群是否遵循这一趋势。研究了不同海拔地区绿树蛙（Zhangixalus moltrechti）蝌蚪的临界耐热能力，并记录了它们的小气候特征。我们的目的是验证气候变率假说，并评估其上下限热容极限的可塑性。研究结果表明，高海拔地区的蝌蚪表现出更宽的热容忍宽度，海拔主要影响其临界热最小值。耐寒性的可塑性大于耐热性。我们的研究强调，即使在同一物种中，不同环境中的种群也面临着气候变化带来的不同威胁。值得注意的是，全球变暖对低海拔地区的人口构成了更大的风险。

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引用次数: 0

Thermal stress has greater impact on the zebrafish skin microbiota than host genotype 热应激对斑马鱼皮肤微生物群的影响大于宿主基因型。

IF 2.9 2区生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY

Journal of thermal biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2026.104397

Daniel E. Sadler , Phillip C. Watts , Stephan N. van Dijk , Silva Uusi-Heikkilä

Climate change is increasing the frequency of temperature changes in aquatic environments potentially affecting host microbiota. Microbiota composition can also be affected by host genotype and therefore it is important to understand effects of a stressor across genetically different populations. Size-selective harvesting is an example of an anthropogenic stressor, that drives genetic change in exploited populations. To examine the effects of water temperature and host genotype on skin microbiota, we used three zebrafish selection lines and exposed them to three temperatures: elevated (34 °C), ambient (28 °C), and low (22 °C) for 250 days. Thermal stress had no significant impact on skin microbiota alpha-diversity but did elicit a small, but significant change in microbiota composition (beta-diversity) that included an increase in relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Vibrio) and altered microbiota network structure. By contrast, selection lines (genotypes) did not significantly differ in skin microbiota alpha- or beta-diversity. Our results suggest that skin microbiota is not profoundly impacted by either thermal stress or genotype but may become more prone to an increase in pathogenic taxa under thermal stress. Our results contribute to the understanding of how the interactions of anthropogenic stressors (thermal stress and size-selective harvesting) may potentially affect fish health and fitness.

气候变化增加了水生环境温度变化的频率，可能影响宿主微生物群。微生物群的组成也会受到宿主基因型的影响，因此了解应激源对不同基因群体的影响是很重要的。大小选择性采伐是人为压力源的一个例子，它驱动了被采伐种群的基因变化。为了研究水温和宿主基因型对皮肤微生物群的影响，我们使用了三个斑马鱼选择系，并将它们暴露在三种温度下：高温（34°C）、普通（28°C）和低温（22°C） 250天。热应激对皮肤微生物群α多样性没有显著影响，但确实引起了微生物群组成（β多样性）的微小但显著的变化，包括致病菌（如弧菌）的相对丰度增加和微生物群网络结构的改变。相比之下，选择系（基因型）在皮肤微生物群α -或β -多样性方面没有显著差异。我们的研究结果表明，皮肤微生物群不受热应激或基因型的深刻影响，但在热应激下可能更容易增加致病分类群。我们的研究结果有助于理解人为压力源（热压力和尺寸选择性捕捞）的相互作用如何潜在地影响鱼类的健康和适应性。

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引用次数: 0

Thermal ecology and embryonic development in black caiman’s (Melanosuchus niger, Spix 1758) 黑凯门鳄（Melanosuchus niger, Spix 1758）的热生态与胚胎发育。

IF 2.9 2区生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY

Journal of thermal biology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104357

Helena Gurjão Pinheiro Do Val , Luiza Figueiredo Passos , Joilson Medeiros de Barros , Grahame Webb , Marcos Eduardo Coutinho

The black caiman (Melanosuchus niger, Spix, 1825) is a crocodilian species endemic to the Amazon biome, that nests within a defined nesting season bridging the local dry and wet seasons. Eggs are deposited in a mound of fresh and old vegetation, but little is known about the thermal relations of M. niger nests and their influence on embryo development rates and total incubation time. We present data for 7 wild nests from the southwestern Brazilian Amazon, gathered in 2019 and 2024. The mean incubation period from laying to hatching was 77.1 ± 8.3 days (SD; range 71.3–93.8 days). Nest temperatures were subject to daily cycling and baseline shifts over time, and had an overall mean of 31.6 ± 1.65 °C (range 27.2 °C–35.9 °C). The nests insulate and buffer the eggs against ambient temperature extremes. Mean nest temperature increases with nest size, and precipitation causes baseline declines in temperature. High nest temperatures (33.6 ± 1.39 °C) in one nest disrupted normal embryo development, and may have affected another. Embryo development rates within 6 nests, and their interactions with nest temperatures, survival to hatching and development time between laying and hatching are investigated. Based on nest temperatures we consider it likely that the M. niger nests we studied would have produced hatchlings with a female bias but could not confirm it.

黑凯门鳄（Melanosuchus niger, Spix, 1825）是一种亚马逊生物群系特有的鳄鱼物种，它们在一个确定的筑巢季节筑巢，连接当地的干湿季节。卵沉积在一堆新鲜和古老的植被中，但对黑乳杆菌巢穴的热关系及其对胚胎发育率和总孵化时间的影响知之甚少。我们展示了2019年和2024年在巴西亚马逊西南部收集的7个野生巢穴的数据。产蛋至孵化平均潜伏期为77.1±8.3天（SD；范围71.3 ~ 93.8天）。巢内温度受每日循环和基线随时间变化的影响，总体平均值为31.6±1.65°C（范围27.2°C-35.9°C）。巢将蛋与外界极端温度隔绝，并起到缓冲作用。巢的平均温度随着巢的大小而增加，而降水导致温度基线下降。一个巢的高温（33.6±1.39°C）破坏了正常的胚胎发育，并可能影响到另一个巢。研究了6个巢内的胚胎发育率及其与巢内温度、孵化存活率和孵化间发育时间的相互作用。根据巢温，我们认为我们所研究的黑乳杆菌巢可能会产生雌性偏向的幼雏，但无法证实这一点。

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引用次数: 0

Melatonin attenuates heat stress-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in mouse testicular Leydig cells via the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway 褪黑素通过KEAP1-NRF2通路减弱热应激诱导的小鼠睾丸间质细胞氧化应激和凋亡

IF 2.9 2区生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY

Journal of thermal biology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104345

Xiaoyu Yu , Changping Li , Ruixi Ming , Bin Wang , Hongzhou Guo , Bin Li

Heat stress represents a critical environmental and occupational hazard that impairs male reproductive capacity across mammalian species, including humans. It primarily exerts its deleterious effects by inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis in testicular Leydig cells, ultimately disrupting testosterone biosynthesis. In this study, primary Leydig cells (PLCs) were subjected to heat stress, which significantly elevated intracellular ROS, MDA, and XO levels while reducing TAC and SOD activities, leading to increased apoptosis. Pretreatment with 0.1 μM melatonin effectively restored redox homeostasis, lowering ROS, MDA, and XO and enhancing TAC and SOD, thereby markedly decreasing apoptotic cell death. Mechanistic studies showed that melatonin increased NRF2 expression, and NQO1 levels, while decreasing KEAP1, and reversed heat-induced upregulation of Bax and γH2AX and downregulation of Bcl-2. In vivo, melatonin-treated mice exhibited preservation of 3β-HSD-positive Leydig cell number, reduced seminiferous tubule vacuolization, normalized serum testosterone levels, and restoration of STAR, CYP11A1, and 3β-HSD protein expression. These findings demonstrate that melatonin alleviates heat stress-induced oxidative injury and apoptosis via activation of the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway and thereby protects Leydig cell function and testosterone production.

热应激是一种严重的环境和职业危害，会损害包括人类在内的所有哺乳动物的雄性生殖能力。它主要通过诱导睾丸间质细胞的氧化应激和凋亡发挥其有害作用，最终破坏睾酮的生物合成。在本研究中，原代间质细胞（plc）受到热应激，细胞内ROS、MDA和XO水平显著升高，TAC和SOD活性降低，导致细胞凋亡增加。0.1 μM褪黑素预处理能有效恢复氧化还原稳态，降低ROS、MDA和XO，提高TAC和SOD，从而显著降低凋亡细胞死亡。机制研究表明，褪黑素增加NRF2表达和NQO1水平，降低KEAP1水平，逆转热诱导的Bax和γ - h2ax上调和Bcl-2下调。在体内，褪黑素处理的小鼠显示出3β-HSD阳性的间质细胞数量保持不变，精小管空泡化减少，血清睾酮水平正常化，STAR、CYP11A1和3β-HSD蛋白表达恢复。这些研究结果表明，褪黑激素通过激活KEAP1-NRF2通路减轻热应激诱导的氧化损伤和凋亡，从而保护间质细胞功能和睾丸激素的产生。

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引用次数: 0

Taurine alleviates heat stress-induced intestinal injury by inhibiting ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress in mice 牛磺酸通过抑制ros介导的内质网应激减轻小鼠热应激诱导的肠道损伤

IF 2.9 2区生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY

Journal of thermal biology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104363

Xixi Ren, Zhiqing Huang, Gang Jia, Hua Zhao, Xiaoling Chen

Heat stress (HS) induces intestinal injury in animals, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of taurine (TAU) on intestinal injury induced by heat stress. The heat stress model was established by maintaining mice in a constant temperature and humidity environment (41 ± 1 °C, relative humidity 50 %–60 %), with core body temperature reaching 42 °C. In the experimental design, we supplemented different doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) of TAU to the mice's basal diet, while setting up two positive control groups that received intraperitoneal injections of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), respectively. The findings revealed that heat stress led to a significant upregulation of intestinal heat shock protein 70 protein expression along with higher serum corticosterone in mice. Heat stress impaired intestinal morphology, downregulated tight junction protein gene expression and increased intestinal permeability. Simultaneously, heat stress significantly decreased intestinal antioxidant capacity, caused mitochondrial dysfunction, increased the content of inflammatory cytokines and promoted apoptosis, resulting in excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and triggering endoplasmic reticulum stress. However, dietary supplementation with TAU alleviated these heat stress-induced effects, and similar results were also obtained with NAC and 4-PBA. Together, TAU could inhibit the accumulation of ROS and endoplasmic reticulum stress by enhancing intestinal antioxidant capacity, decreased inflammatory responses and apoptosis, which may exert its protective effect against heat stress-induced intestinal injury.

热应激（HS）可引起动物肠道损伤，但其机制尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨牛磺酸（TAU）对热应激引起的肠道损伤的保护作用。将小鼠置于恒温恒湿环境（41±1℃，相对湿度50% - 60%），核心体温达到42℃，建立热应激模型。在实验设计中，我们在小鼠基础日粮中添加不同剂量（100、200和400 mg/kg）的TAU，同时建立两个阳性对照组，分别腹腔注射n -乙酰- l-半胱氨酸（NAC）和4-苯基丁酸（4-PBA）。结果表明，热应激导致小鼠肠道热休克蛋白70蛋白表达显著上调，血清皮质酮水平升高。热应激损伤肠道形态，下调紧密连接蛋白基因表达，增加肠道通透性。同时，热应激显著降低肠道抗氧化能力，引起线粒体功能障碍，增加炎症细胞因子含量，促进细胞凋亡，导致活性氧（ROS）过度积累，引发内质网应激。然而，在饮食中添加TAU可以缓解这些热应激诱导的影响，NAC和4-PBA也可以获得类似的结果。TAU通过增强肠道抗氧化能力，减少炎症反应和细胞凋亡，抑制ROS的积累和内质网应激，可能对热应激引起的肠道损伤发挥保护作用。

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