K. J. Adinci, Y. Akpo, A. Tonouhewa, R. E. Yessinou, P. Sessou, M. Yovo, S. Adehan, C. Adoligbe, G. Mensah, M. Assogba, I. Y. A. Karim, S. Farougou
The objective of this work was to study the acaricide activity of oils extracted from kernels of T. peruviana and A. muricata with the hexane at different concentrations on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus larvae aged from 14 to 21 days. For this purpose, the Larva Immersion Test was performed. Twice dilutions of both oils were tested from a starting dilution of 40% to 2.5%. There were three repetitions for each concentration and for each oil. The control solution in which these larvae were treated consisted of Tween-20, diluted at 2% in distilled water. The experimental groups were stored in an incubator at 27 ± 1 °C and at 85-90% of relative humidity for 24 hours. The larvae mortality was greater than 55% in all tested groups and reached 100% at the 40% concentration for A. muricata , while the control group had a 0% mortality. The LC 50 and CL 90 obtained were respectively 4.0331% and 10.7594% for A. muricata and 7.0942% and 41.4247% respectively for T. peruviana . These results clearly indicate that these oils all have acaricidal effects on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus larvae. However, A. muricata oil is the most toxic. It can therefore be used as an effective alternative to control the Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus tick and there is a high probability that it can be used for other ticks affecting cattle and even other ectoparasites in Benin and worldwide, thereby reducing the use of synthetic acaricides which are toxic to the environment and ineffective against this tick.
{"title":"In vitro evaluation of the acaricidal effect of vegetal oils extracted from the kernel of Thevetia peruviana and Annona muricata on the Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus larvae","authors":"K. J. Adinci, Y. Akpo, A. Tonouhewa, R. E. Yessinou, P. Sessou, M. Yovo, S. Adehan, C. Adoligbe, G. Mensah, M. Assogba, I. Y. A. Karim, S. Farougou","doi":"10.14196/sjva.v6i3.2392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/sjva.v6i3.2392","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work was to study the acaricide activity of oils extracted from kernels of T. peruviana and A. muricata with the hexane at different concentrations on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus larvae aged from 14 to 21 days. For this purpose, the Larva Immersion Test was performed. Twice dilutions of both oils were tested from a starting dilution of 40% to 2.5%. There were three repetitions for each concentration and for each oil. The control solution in which these larvae were treated consisted of Tween-20, diluted at 2% in distilled water. The experimental groups were stored in an incubator at 27 ± 1 °C and at 85-90% of relative humidity for 24 hours. The larvae mortality was greater than 55% in all tested groups and reached 100% at the 40% concentration for A. muricata , while the control group had a 0% mortality. The LC 50 and CL 90 obtained were respectively 4.0331% and 10.7594% for A. muricata and 7.0942% and 41.4247% respectively for T. peruviana . These results clearly indicate that these oils all have acaricidal effects on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus larvae. However, A. muricata oil is the most toxic. It can therefore be used as an effective alternative to control the Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus tick and there is a high probability that it can be used for other ticks affecting cattle and even other ectoparasites in Benin and worldwide, thereby reducing the use of synthetic acaricides which are toxic to the environment and ineffective against this tick.","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":"68 1","pages":"162-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85397946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-28DOI: 10.5455/JVA.20161123050423
Sabek A, Satoh T, Karousa M, Abdelfattah E
A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of group size on some behavioral patterns, body weight, body measurements and hematological parameters of domestic goat. Adult female Shiba goats (Carpa hircus) (n=12) were divided randomly to 2 groups according to the group size. The first group contains 4 animals (small size group) while the second one contains 8 animals (large size group). Behavior was recorded by using contentious focal sampling throughout the period of the study, growth parameters were measured every two weeks along the whole period of the study and blood samples were collected monthly to estimate the effect of group size on blood picture. Results revealed that group size affected significantly on some behavioral patterns of goat (P 0.05) affected by the group size.
{"title":"Using Behavior, Performance and Blood Profile to Evaluate the Effect of Group Size on Domestic Goat","authors":"Sabek A, Satoh T, Karousa M, Abdelfattah E","doi":"10.5455/JVA.20161123050423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JVA.20161123050423","url":null,"abstract":"A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of group size on some behavioral patterns, body weight, body measurements and hematological parameters of domestic goat. Adult female Shiba goats (Carpa hircus) (n=12) were divided randomly to 2 groups according to the group size. The first group contains 4 animals (small size group) while the second one contains 8 animals (large size group). Behavior was recorded by using contentious focal sampling throughout the period of the study, growth parameters were measured every two weeks along the whole period of the study and blood samples were collected monthly to estimate the effect of group size on blood picture. Results revealed that group size affected significantly on some behavioral patterns of goat (P 0.05) affected by the group size.","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":"5 1","pages":"1381-1391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87298428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aisha Usman Bagudu, J. Kwaga, A. Dzikwi, C. I. Ilozue
A cross-sectional study was conducted across Zaria metropolis to determine the bacteriological quality and occurrence of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in ice cream sold to consumers by supermarkets and street traffickers. A total of 240 samples comprising 111 industrially and 129 locally produced ice creams were examined for the Total Aerobic Plate and Coliform Counts for S. aureus and E. coli and identification of the isolates were done using conventional biochemical characterization and Microbact test. The isolate were further subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test by disk diffusion method. Of the 240 samples, 19 (8.0%) were positive for S. aureus and 5 (2.0%) were positive for E. coli ; 5 (26.3%) of the S. aureus isolates were from industrially produced ice cream while 14 (73.6%) were from locally made ice cream with a statistically significant (P < 0.05). Overall, the mean Total Aerobic Plate Counts (TAPC) per ml of industrial and locally produced ice cream were 1.14 X 10 7 and 2.02 X10 7 respectively with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) and the mean counts for Total Coliform Count (TCC) per ml for industrial ice cream and local ice cream were 5.69 X 10 3 and 4.73 X 10 3 respectively. Brands of ice cream of industrially produced origin had significantly lower of S. aureus and E. coli load than those of local sources. Antibiotic susceptibility profile for S. aureus showed that all the isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics. Antibiotic susceptibility profile for E coli showed that all the isolates were resistant to one or more antibiotics except for Nitrofurantoin and Ciprofloxacin. Locally produced ice creams sold in Zaria appear to pose a higher health risk to consumers compared to industrially produced ice cream. It is imperative that bacteriological standards be enforced in order to prevent ice cream borne infections in humans. There is a need also to control antibiotic usage among dairy farmers and continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance trends on animals from which ice cream is sourced.
在扎里亚市进行了一项横断面研究，以确定超市和街头贩运者出售给消费者的冰淇淋的细菌质量和大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的发生率。共检测了240个样品，包括111个工业生产的和129个本地生产的冰淇淋，对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌进行了总需氧平板计数和大肠菌群计数，并采用常规生化表征和微生物试验对分离株进行了鉴定。采用纸片扩散法对分离物进行药敏试验。240份样品中金黄色葡萄球菌阳性19份(8.0%)，大肠杆菌阳性5份(2.0%);产自工业冰淇淋的金黄色葡萄球菌有5株(26.3%)，产自本地冰淇淋的金黄色葡萄球菌有14株(73.6%)，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。总体而言，工业冰淇淋和地方冰淇淋的平均每毫升总需氧平板计数(TAPC)分别为1.14 X 10.7和2.02 X 10.7，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);工业冰淇淋和地方冰淇淋的平均每毫升总大肠菌群计数(TCC)分别为5.69 X 10.3和4.73 X 10.3。工业生产的冰淇淋品牌的金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌含量明显低于当地来源的冰淇淋。金黄色葡萄球菌的药敏谱显示，所有分离株均对多种抗生素耐药。大肠杆菌的药敏谱显示，除呋喃妥因和环丙沙星外，所有分离株均对一种或多种抗生素耐药。与工业生产的冰淇淋相比，在Zaria销售的当地生产的冰淇淋似乎对消费者构成更高的健康风险。为了防止人类在冰淇淋中受到感染，必须执行细菌学标准。还需要控制奶农的抗生素使用，并持续监测冰淇淋来源动物的抗菌素耐药性趋势。
{"title":"Bacteriological quality and occurrence of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in ice cream sold in Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria","authors":"Aisha Usman Bagudu, J. Kwaga, A. Dzikwi, C. I. Ilozue","doi":"10.14196/sjva.v6i1.2222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/sjva.v6i1.2222","url":null,"abstract":"A cross-sectional study was conducted across Zaria metropolis to determine the bacteriological quality and occurrence of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in ice cream sold to consumers by supermarkets and street traffickers. A total of 240 samples comprising 111 industrially and 129 locally produced ice creams were examined for the Total Aerobic Plate and Coliform Counts for S. aureus and E. coli and identification of the isolates were done using conventional biochemical characterization and Microbact test. The isolate were further subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test by disk diffusion method. Of the 240 samples, 19 (8.0%) were positive for S. aureus and 5 (2.0%) were positive for E. coli ; 5 (26.3%) of the S. aureus isolates were from industrially produced ice cream while 14 (73.6%) were from locally made ice cream with a statistically significant (P < 0.05). Overall, the mean Total Aerobic Plate Counts (TAPC) per ml of industrial and locally produced ice cream were 1.14 X 10 7 and 2.02 X10 7 respectively with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) and the mean counts for Total Coliform Count (TCC) per ml for industrial ice cream and local ice cream were 5.69 X 10 3 and 4.73 X 10 3 respectively. Brands of ice cream of industrially produced origin had significantly lower of S. aureus and E. coli load than those of local sources. Antibiotic susceptibility profile for S. aureus showed that all the isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics. Antibiotic susceptibility profile for E coli showed that all the isolates were resistant to one or more antibiotics except for Nitrofurantoin and Ciprofloxacin. Locally produced ice creams sold in Zaria appear to pose a higher health risk to consumers compared to industrially produced ice cream. It is imperative that bacteriological standards be enforced in order to prevent ice cream borne infections in humans. There is a need also to control antibiotic usage among dairy farmers and continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance trends on animals from which ice cream is sourced.","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":"263 1","pages":"154-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75111152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Noudèkè, I. Dotché, C. Boko, I. Youssao, S. Farougou
In Benin herders are confronted with a number of infectious diseases whose epidemiology remains unclear. The objective of the present study was to assess cattle keepers’ perception on municipalities of Benin at higher risks of the most important infectious diseases that affect dairy cattle. A total of 114 cattle keepers were enrolled from 12 municipalities known for their high dairy production in the country and their neighbouring municipals. Data were collected from August 2013 to January 2014 and subjected to a principal component analysis (PCA) followed by an ascending hierarchical classification (AHC). The study revealed that the most important infectious diseases that affect milk production according to herders are dermatophilosis, Foot-and-Mouth disease and CBPP. Tchaourou (in the North) and Dassa-Zoume (in the Centre) were reported as municipalities at higher risks of contamination. The estimation of the prevalence of these diseases and the identification of their associated risk factors is needed for devising adequate control strategies.
{"title":"Cattle keepers’ perception on the most important infectious diseases that limit milk production in Benin and municipalities at higher risks","authors":"N. Noudèkè, I. Dotché, C. Boko, I. Youssao, S. Farougou","doi":"10.14196/SJVA.V6I1.2336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJVA.V6I1.2336","url":null,"abstract":"In Benin herders are confronted with a number of infectious diseases whose epidemiology remains unclear. The objective of the present study was to assess cattle keepers’ perception on municipalities of Benin at higher risks of the most important infectious diseases that affect dairy cattle. A total of 114 cattle keepers were enrolled from 12 municipalities known for their high dairy production in the country and their neighbouring municipals. Data were collected from August 2013 to January 2014 and subjected to a principal component analysis (PCA) followed by an ascending hierarchical classification (AHC). The study revealed that the most important infectious diseases that affect milk production according to herders are dermatophilosis, Foot-and-Mouth disease and CBPP. Tchaourou (in the North) and Dassa-Zoume (in the Centre) were reported as municipalities at higher risks of contamination. The estimation of the prevalence of these diseases and the identification of their associated risk factors is needed for devising adequate control strategies.","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":"64 1","pages":"145-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87995765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.5455/jva.197001011200000
B. Houndj, Y. Akpo, I. Youssao, L. Aplogan, M. Farougou
(Bénin). Abstract Vaccination is one of the best Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) control methods in endemic areas. The present study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of FMD in Northern Benin and assess the effectiveness of a newly developed vaccine using FMD virus strains identified in the study area. A total of 61 cattle were selected from the State farm of Okpara and 50 from a private farm in Gogounou. Animals were vaccinated and their sera were collected before vaccination (day 0), on the 30 th and the 120 th days post vaccination. Sampled sera were analysed for the detection of non-structural protein (NSP) antibodies. Percentages of inhibition were estimated at a cut-off value of 50%. The study revealed that the NSP rates from Gogounou were 54%, 62.5% and 48.97% on days 0, 30 and 120, respectively without a significant difference. However, from Okpara, the NSP rate of day 30 (71.19%) was not differed significantly from that of day 120 (75%). Findings show that the use of NSP alone cannot be a reliable method to conclude the effectiveness of the vaccine in cattle. Further research should be carried out on the same samples to determine the serotypes that are responsible of FMD cases in Benin for successful vaccination in the
{"title":"Seroprevalence and Vaccination Trials of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Northern Benin","authors":"B. Houndj, Y. Akpo, I. Youssao, L. Aplogan, M. Farougou","doi":"10.5455/jva.197001011200000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jva.197001011200000","url":null,"abstract":"(Bénin). Abstract Vaccination is one of the best Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) control methods in endemic areas. The present study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of FMD in Northern Benin and assess the effectiveness of a newly developed vaccine using FMD virus strains identified in the study area. A total of 61 cattle were selected from the State farm of Okpara and 50 from a private farm in Gogounou. Animals were vaccinated and their sera were collected before vaccination (day 0), on the 30 th and the 120 th days post vaccination. Sampled sera were analysed for the detection of non-structural protein (NSP) antibodies. Percentages of inhibition were estimated at a cut-off value of 50%. The study revealed that the NSP rates from Gogounou were 54%, 62.5% and 48.97% on days 0, 30 and 120, respectively without a significant difference. However, from Okpara, the NSP rate of day 30 (71.19%) was not differed significantly from that of day 120 (75%). Findings show that the use of NSP alone cannot be a reliable method to conclude the effectiveness of the vaccine in cattle. Further research should be carried out on the same samples to determine the serotypes that are responsible of FMD cases in Benin for successful vaccination in the","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":"74 1","pages":"1411"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84722780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.5455/jva.19700101120000
H. Oheida, A. Anderson, M. Alrtib, H. Abushhiwa, S. Philip
Radiography is an important diagnostic tool to evaluate limb deformities but is sensitive to changes in orientation of object, cassette or radiography machine. Influences of limb rotation on radiographic measurements of dorsopalmar carpal radiographs have not been reported. This study measured effects of limb rotations around vertical and horizontal axes on 10carpal parameters and identified an acceptable range of rotation where those parameters experienced a minimum change. Fifteen forelimbs from 9 adult equine cadavers were transected at the distal third of the radius, fixed vertically, then digitally radiographed 13 times. The first radiograph was aligned to a specific set of landmarks (ZDP) and subsequent radiographs were rotated through -15˚ to +15˚ in both axes with 5˚ intervals. Parameters were measured on the 195 radiographsand analysed using a random effects model. Percentage change for a 5˚ increase in rotation calculated as (slope x 5/absolute predicted value at zero degrees) x 100.Most of the parameters showed significant alterations during vertical and horizontal rotations. Using rotational angles of Vertical±5° and Horizontal±5° or 10° in only one axis as the maximum acceptable range of rotation from ZDP would offer the best potential to avoid significant effects of rotation on these measurements.
{"title":"Effect of Limb Rotation on Radiographic Measurements of Carpal Parameters in the Equine Carpus","authors":"H. Oheida, A. Anderson, M. Alrtib, H. Abushhiwa, S. Philip","doi":"10.5455/jva.19700101120000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jva.19700101120000","url":null,"abstract":"Radiography is an important diagnostic tool to evaluate limb deformities but is sensitive to changes in orientation of object, cassette or radiography machine. Influences of limb rotation on radiographic measurements of dorsopalmar carpal radiographs have not been reported. This study measured effects of limb rotations around vertical and horizontal axes on 10carpal parameters and identified an acceptable range of rotation where those parameters experienced a minimum change. Fifteen forelimbs from 9 adult equine cadavers were transected at the distal third of the radius, fixed vertically, then digitally radiographed 13 times. The first radiograph was aligned to a specific set of landmarks (ZDP) and subsequent radiographs were rotated through -15˚ to +15˚ in both axes with 5˚ intervals. Parameters were measured on the 195 radiographsand analysed using a random effects model. Percentage change for a 5˚ increase in rotation calculated as (slope x 5/absolute predicted value at zero degrees) x 100.Most of the parameters showed significant alterations during vertical and horizontal rotations. Using rotational angles of Vertical±5° and Horizontal±5° or 10° in only one axis as the maximum acceptable range of rotation from ZDP would offer the best potential to avoid significant effects of rotation on these measurements.","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":"1 1","pages":"1392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77072682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.5455/JVA.20161227094106
M. Wosu, A. Onyeabor
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF BREED AND AGE ON THE OCCURENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL HELMINTHS OF PIGS IN ABIA STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"M. Wosu, A. Onyeabor","doi":"10.5455/JVA.20161227094106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JVA.20161227094106","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":"22 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78508179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.5455/jva.197001011200001
W. Yoda, A. Tko, A. Kabor, A. Traor, G. Tamboura
Ticks are a real problem for ruminant breeding including Burkina Faso and West Africa in general. This study was carried out from October 2015 to September 2016 in Gaongho pastoral zone (Burkina Faso) to determine the composition of ticks , the prevalence and risk factors (species, season and sex age) linked to the infestation of ruminants (cattle, sheep and goats). In order to do that, samples of ticks were seasonally taken on 559 ruminants sampled at random among breeders’ flocks. Four genus of ticks were found among 1,101 ticks collected: Hyalomma (39.87%), Amblyomma (31.79%), Rhipicephalus (26.16%) and Boophilus (2.18%). These ticks were more abundant in cold dry season (51.95%) than in rainy season (45.96%) and hot dry season (2.09%). The overall prevalence of the infestation was 43.39%, including 47.9% in sheep, 12.9% in goats and 39.1% in cattle with an average level of infestation of 4, 1 ± 3.6 ticks per animal. Males were more infected than females and the adults were most infected than young (p 0.05). The most favorable moments for the infestation were rainy, dry cold seasons in the Pastoral Zone of Gaongho. Therefore more effective strategies should be implemented to fight against the ticks to reduce their negative impact on ruminant production.
{"title":"Preliminary Study on Ixodid Ticks Population of the Gaongho Pastoral Area in Burkina Faso, West Africa","authors":"W. Yoda, A. Tko, A. Kabor, A. Traor, G. Tamboura","doi":"10.5455/jva.197001011200001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jva.197001011200001","url":null,"abstract":"Ticks are a real problem for ruminant breeding including Burkina Faso and West Africa in general. This study was carried out from October 2015 to September 2016 in Gaongho pastoral zone (Burkina Faso) to determine the composition of ticks , the prevalence and risk factors (species, season and sex age) linked to the infestation of ruminants (cattle, sheep and goats). In order to do that, samples of ticks were seasonally taken on 559 ruminants sampled at random among breeders’ flocks. Four genus of ticks were found among 1,101 ticks collected: Hyalomma (39.87%), Amblyomma (31.79%), Rhipicephalus (26.16%) and Boophilus (2.18%). These ticks were more abundant in cold dry season (51.95%) than in rainy season (45.96%) and hot dry season (2.09%). The overall prevalence of the infestation was 43.39%, including 47.9% in sheep, 12.9% in goats and 39.1% in cattle with an average level of infestation of 4, 1 ± 3.6 ticks per animal. Males were more infected than females and the adults were most infected than young (p 0.05). The most favorable moments for the infestation were rainy, dry cold seasons in the Pastoral Zone of Gaongho. Therefore more effective strategies should be implemented to fight against the ticks to reduce their negative impact on ruminant production.","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":"14 1","pages":"1403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82399401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-20DOI: 10.14196/sjva.v5i11.2304
B. Takele, A. Sisay
The study was conducted from October-2013 to June-2014 in and around Debre Markos, Ethiopia to assess the major gastrointestinal helminthes of equines (donkeys and horses), to determine their prevalence and find associations between measurable parameters and parasites burden. A total of 384 faecal samples (215 donkeys and 169 horses) were collected randomly for qualitative and quantitative faecal analysis. The overall prevalence of different parasites was found to be 86.51% in donkeys and 78.10% in horses. In the study area, 3.87% of donkeys and 6.13% of horses harbored only one type of parasite (single infection), whereas 96.13% of donkeys and 93.87% of horses harbored two or more types of parasites (mixed infection). The parasites encountered in both donkeys and horses in the study period were Strongyles (75.27% and 59.85%), T. strongylus axei (41.94% and 40.15), T. dontophorus (43.01% and 34.85) P. equorum (18.82 and 18.94) and Fasciola (22.58% and 18.94), respectively. Based on sex only the prevalence rate of strongyle was statistically significant (p<0.05) in both donkeys and horses. The prevalence of T. strongylus, T. dontophorus, P. equorom and Fasciola was statistically significant (p<0.05) between age groups of donkeys, but only the prevalence of T . s trongly was statistically significant (p<0.05) between age groups of horses. Parasitism and other health problems were identified affecting the health and welfare of equines. Government or other development agencies should include donkeys and horses in their priority lists of research and develop sustainable prevention and control methods that would prevent the high transmission of gastrointestinal helminths and other parasites of equines.
{"title":"Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths on equines in and around Debre Markos, Ethiopia","authors":"B. Takele, A. Sisay","doi":"10.14196/sjva.v5i11.2304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/sjva.v5i11.2304","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted from October-2013 to June-2014 in and around Debre Markos, Ethiopia to assess the major gastrointestinal helminthes of equines (donkeys and horses), to determine their prevalence and find associations between measurable parameters and parasites burden. A total of 384 faecal samples (215 donkeys and 169 horses) were collected randomly for qualitative and quantitative faecal analysis. The overall prevalence of different parasites was found to be 86.51% in donkeys and 78.10% in horses. In the study area, 3.87% of donkeys and 6.13% of horses harbored only one type of parasite (single infection), whereas 96.13% of donkeys and 93.87% of horses harbored two or more types of parasites (mixed infection). The parasites encountered in both donkeys and horses in the study period were Strongyles (75.27% and 59.85%), T. strongylus axei (41.94% and 40.15), T. dontophorus (43.01% and 34.85) P. equorum (18.82 and 18.94) and Fasciola (22.58% and 18.94), respectively. Based on sex only the prevalence rate of strongyle was statistically significant (p<0.05) in both donkeys and horses. The prevalence of T. strongylus, T. dontophorus, P. equorom and Fasciola was statistically significant (p<0.05) between age groups of donkeys, but only the prevalence of T . s trongly was statistically significant (p<0.05) between age groups of horses. Parasitism and other health problems were identified affecting the health and welfare of equines. Government or other development agencies should include donkeys and horses in their priority lists of research and develop sustainable prevention and control methods that would prevent the high transmission of gastrointestinal helminths and other parasites of equines.","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":"101 1","pages":"134-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73252867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Khalil, Kaium Chowdhury, Ayman El Sabagh, M. Islam
To evaluate the effects of plant spacing on the growth and yield of aromatic rice varieties, a field experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Filed Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during aman season. Four plant spacings viz. 25cm x 25cm (S 1 ), 20cm x 20cm (S 2 ), 20cm x 15 cm (S 3 ) and 15 cm x 10cm (S 4 ) and four fine rice varieties viz. Basmoti 370 (V 1 ), BRRI dhan37 (V 2 ), BRRI dhan38 (V 3 ) and Kailijira (V 4 ) were used. As factorial arrangement the experiment was fitted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. All agronomic practices were applied as recommended for each cultivar. The result revealed that the BRRI dhan38 produced the highest 1000-grain weight (19.05g) as well as yield (3.62 t ha -1 ). Oppositely, the V 2 produced the maximum tillers hill -1 (11.7), effective tillers hill -1 (9.5) but the poorest 1000 grain weight (14.81g) compared to V 3 resulting in the second highest grain yield (3.30 t ha -1 ). The highest number of spikelets panicle -1 (175.0), grain panicle-1 (126.6) and sterile spikelets (48.6) but the lowest number of effective tillers hill -1 (7.4) and minimum 1000 grain weight (10.25g) were recorded at Kailijira (V4) resulting the lowest grain yield (2.27 t ha -1 ) at Kailijira. The results that the widest spacing S 1 produced the tallest plant stature (147.5cm), the highest number of tillers hill -1 (14.0), effective tillers hill -1 (11.0), total spikelets panicle -1 (124.2), filled grain panicle -1 (102.0) while the lowest number of sterile spikelets (22.4). In terms of m -2 basis, all the characteristics were lowered compared to the spacing of 20cm x 15 cm resulting in the lowest grain yield (2.66 t ha -1 ). The variety BRRI dhan38 at the spacing of 20cm x 15cm produced significantly the highest grain yield (4.27 t ha-1) and the second highest grain yield was (4.00 t ha-1) recorded in BRRI dhan37 with the same spacing.
为了评价种植间距对芳香稻品种生长和产量的影响，在孟加拉国Mymensingh农业大学农学田间实验室进行了一项田间试验。采用4个株距，即25cm × 25cm (s1)、20cm × 20cm (s2)、20cm × 15cm (s3)和15cm × 10cm (s4)和4个优良水稻品种，即Basmoti 370 (v1)、BRRI dhan37 (v2)、BRRI dhan38 (v3)和Kailijira (v4)。试验采用随机完全区组设计，共3个重复。每个品种均按推荐的农艺措施施用。结果表明，BRRI品种丹38千粒重最高，达19.05g，产量最高，达3.62 t / h -1。相反，与v3相比，v2产生最大分蘖山-1(11.7)，有效分蘖山-1(9.5)，但千粒重最低(14.81g)，籽粒产量第二高(3.30吨公顷-1)。小穗-1(175.0)、粒穗-1(126.6)和不育小穗(48.6)数量最多，有效分蘖数最少(7.4)，千粒重最少(10.25g)，产量最低(2.27 t ha -1)。结果表明，最宽间距s1植株高度最高(147.5cm)，分蘖数最高(14.0)，有效分蘖数最高(11.0)，总穗数最高(124.2)，实粒穗数最低(102.0)，不育穗数最低(22.4)。在m -2基上，与间距为20cm × 15cm相比，各性状均降低，产量最低(2.66 t ha -1)。BRRI dhan38在20cm × 15cm处的产量最高(4.27 t ha-1)， BRRI dhan37在相同间距下的产量次之(4.00 t ha-1)。
{"title":"Effect of planting geometry on yield and yield attributes of aromatic rice genotypes","authors":"M. Khalil, Kaium Chowdhury, Ayman El Sabagh, M. Islam","doi":"10.14196/AA.V5I9.2328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/AA.V5I9.2328","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate the effects of plant spacing on the growth and yield of aromatic rice varieties, a field experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Filed Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during aman season. Four plant spacings viz. 25cm x 25cm (S 1 ), 20cm x 20cm (S 2 ), 20cm x 15 cm (S 3 ) and 15 cm x 10cm (S 4 ) and four fine rice varieties viz. Basmoti 370 (V 1 ), BRRI dhan37 (V 2 ), BRRI dhan38 (V 3 ) and Kailijira (V 4 ) were used. As factorial arrangement the experiment was fitted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. All agronomic practices were applied as recommended for each cultivar. The result revealed that the BRRI dhan38 produced the highest 1000-grain weight (19.05g) as well as yield (3.62 t ha -1 ). Oppositely, the V 2 produced the maximum tillers hill -1 (11.7), effective tillers hill -1 (9.5) but the poorest 1000 grain weight (14.81g) compared to V 3 resulting in the second highest grain yield (3.30 t ha -1 ). The highest number of spikelets panicle -1 (175.0), grain panicle-1 (126.6) and sterile spikelets (48.6) but the lowest number of effective tillers hill -1 (7.4) and minimum 1000 grain weight (10.25g) were recorded at Kailijira (V4) resulting the lowest grain yield (2.27 t ha -1 ) at Kailijira. The results that the widest spacing S 1 produced the tallest plant stature (147.5cm), the highest number of tillers hill -1 (14.0), effective tillers hill -1 (11.0), total spikelets panicle -1 (124.2), filled grain panicle -1 (102.0) while the lowest number of sterile spikelets (22.4). In terms of m -2 basis, all the characteristics were lowered compared to the spacing of 20cm x 15 cm resulting in the lowest grain yield (2.66 t ha -1 ). The variety BRRI dhan38 at the spacing of 20cm x 15cm produced significantly the highest grain yield (4.27 t ha-1) and the second highest grain yield was (4.00 t ha-1) recorded in BRRI dhan37 with the same spacing.","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":"52 1","pages":"349-357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84019884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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