Water is the main source of life for all living creatures and water resources should be protected from draining away. There are two main sources of water that is used for water supply such as ground water and surface water. Both of them are fed by precipitation water in order to stay stable for providing consumption requirements. Thus, only one drop of precipitation water should not be wasted so storm water management practices come to light. Two of the mostly known storm water management practices are low impact development (LID) which works with nature to manage stormwater at place closer to its source and green infrastructure which uses natural processes to provide infiltration and evapotranspiration or reuses runoff on the generation area. There are many LID practices that have been used to adhere to these principles such as bio retention facilities, rain gardens, vegetated rooftops, rain barrels and permeable pavements. Green infrastructure can be used in wide range of landscapes in addition to more traditional stormwater control systems to support the principles of LID. In this research, definition and main features of LID and green infrastructure was investigated, main practices used for implementation of these methods were reviewed and two methods were compared according to their benefits.
{"title":"Low impact development and green infrastructure","authors":"Z. Ozturk, S. Dursun","doi":"10.14196/SJES.V5I9.2256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJES.V5I9.2256","url":null,"abstract":"Water is the main source of life for all living creatures and water resources should be protected from draining away. There are two main sources of water that is used for water supply such as ground water and surface water. Both of them are fed by precipitation water in order to stay stable for providing consumption requirements. Thus, only one drop of precipitation water should not be wasted so storm water management practices come to light. Two of the mostly known storm water management practices are low impact development (LID) which works with nature to manage stormwater at place closer to its source and green infrastructure which uses natural processes to provide infiltration and evapotranspiration or reuses runoff on the generation area. There are many LID practices that have been used to adhere to these principles such as bio retention facilities, rain gardens, vegetated rooftops, rain barrels and permeable pavements. Green infrastructure can be used in wide range of landscapes in addition to more traditional stormwater control systems to support the principles of LID. In this research, definition and main features of LID and green infrastructure was investigated, main practices used for implementation of these methods were reviewed and two methods were compared according to their benefits.","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77613044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-31DOI: 10.5455/JVA.20160916045115
M. A. Benavente, C. Bianchi, M. Aba
Mammary tumors are the most common neoplasm in the female dog, with a median age of appearance between 9 and 11 years. They may appear as single or multiple nodules, and posterior mammary glands are more frequently affected than anterior glands. Both benign and malignant tumors may occur in the dog, and according to histological criteria, approximately 50% of the tumors are malignant. Mammary gland tumors tend to be heterogeneous in their pathological characteristics and clinical behavior. Different hormones and growth factors play a key role in the development of this neoplasm, however, the mechanism by which they influence tumor growth and their possible prognostic value are still under study. Besides, new therapeutic options for each particular tumor type are being developed. The aim of this article is to review pathological, prognostic and therapeutic aspects of canine mammary neoplasms.Key words: Canine, mammary gland, tumors, hormones, prognosis.
{"title":"Canine mammary tumors: risk factors, prognosis and treatments","authors":"M. A. Benavente, C. Bianchi, M. Aba","doi":"10.5455/JVA.20160916045115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JVA.20160916045115","url":null,"abstract":"Mammary tumors are the most common neoplasm in the female dog, with a median age of appearance between 9 and 11 years. They may appear as single or multiple nodules, and posterior mammary glands are more frequently affected than anterior glands. Both benign and malignant tumors may occur in the dog, and according to histological criteria, approximately 50% of the tumors are malignant. Mammary gland tumors tend to be heterogeneous in their pathological characteristics and clinical behavior. Different hormones and growth factors play a key role in the development of this neoplasm, however, the mechanism by which they influence tumor growth and their possible prognostic value are still under study. Besides, new therapeutic options for each particular tumor type are being developed. The aim of this article is to review pathological, prognostic and therapeutic aspects of canine mammary neoplasms.Key words: Canine, mammary gland, tumors, hormones, prognosis.","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86560374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this work was to investigate the possible hypolipidemic activity and side effects of the C. proximus extract alone and combined with cholestyramine with half therapeutic doses by studying changes in different biochemical, hematological and coagulation parameters beside histopathological evaluation. A total of 50 female albino rats divided into five equal groups: Gp.(1) control, Gp.(2) hyperlipidemic, Gp.(3) hyperlipidemia plus cholestyramine, Gp.(4) hyperlipidemia plus C.proximus extract, Gp.(5) hyperlipidemia plus half therapeutic doses of cholestyramine and C. proximus extract. At the 29 th day of the experiment, blood samples were collected and divided into three portions for biochemical, hematological and coagulation studies. Liver was dissected out for histopathological studies. Treatment of hyperlipidemic rats with C. proximus extract alone or combined with cholestyramine showed marked decrease in different lipid profile values with hepatoprotective activity, lowering lipid peroxidation, increasing antioxidant activity in addition to non significant change in erythrogram, platelets count, leukogram and coagulation markers in compare with hyperlipidemic group. It could be concluded that, combining treatment of C.proximus extract with cholestyramine as a synthetic drug with half therapeutic doses gave a complementary hypolipidemic effect with a fewer side effects than treatment with each therapeutic agent alone.
{"title":"Influence of Cymbopogon proximus extract on lipid profile, biochemical hematological and coagulation parameters of hyperlipidemic albino rats","authors":"H. Ismail","doi":"10.14196/sjva.v5i9.2244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/sjva.v5i9.2244","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work was to investigate the possible hypolipidemic activity and side effects of the C. proximus extract alone and combined with cholestyramine with half therapeutic doses by studying changes in different biochemical, hematological and coagulation parameters beside histopathological evaluation. A total of 50 female albino rats divided into five equal groups: Gp.(1) control, Gp.(2) hyperlipidemic, Gp.(3) hyperlipidemia plus cholestyramine, Gp.(4) hyperlipidemia plus C.proximus extract, Gp.(5) hyperlipidemia plus half therapeutic doses of cholestyramine and C. proximus extract. At the 29 th day of the experiment, blood samples were collected and divided into three portions for biochemical, hematological and coagulation studies. Liver was dissected out for histopathological studies. Treatment of hyperlipidemic rats with C. proximus extract alone or combined with cholestyramine showed marked decrease in different lipid profile values with hepatoprotective activity, lowering lipid peroxidation, increasing antioxidant activity in addition to non significant change in erythrogram, platelets count, leukogram and coagulation markers in compare with hyperlipidemic group. It could be concluded that, combining treatment of C.proximus extract with cholestyramine as a synthetic drug with half therapeutic doses gave a complementary hypolipidemic effect with a fewer side effects than treatment with each therapeutic agent alone.","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82491895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental factors as temperature and humidity are the most influential factor within any ecosystem with no exclusion. Ruminal ecosystem is greatly variated according to the physiological, nutritional and the microclimatic conditions. Temperature and humidity influences were evaluated against the efficiency of fresh rumen fluid (FRF) challenge in buffalo calves on some ruminal performance parameters and microbial community. Twenty male buffalo calves of 5 months old age were selected and divided into four groups, 5 calves for each. Buffalo calves G1; G2; and G3 were challenged with 1 L; 500 mL; and 300mL FRF; respectively. The 1 st group challenged with 1 L FRF showed the highest improvement represented in a highly significant increases (P < 0.01) in the log Total bacterial count (log TBC); Log Lactobacillus count; Log Ruminococcus count; log Total protozoal count (log TPC); Rumen pH; protozoal motility and VFAs at 1 st week of challenge. Ambient temperature revealed a significantintermediate positive (+0.634) correlations with log TPC and relative humidity revealed highly significant strong positive (+0.927) correlation with log Lactobacillus count. Significant intermediate positive (+0.698); a highly significant strong positive (+0.711) correlations between log Ruminococcus count with lactate and log TPC; respectively. Ruminal pH showed a highly significant strong positive (+0.771) correlation with log TPC of sampled ruminal fluid from challenged animals.
温度和湿度等环境因素是任何生态系统中最具影响力的因素。瘤胃生态系统受生理、营养和小气候条件的影响而发生很大的变化。研究了温度和湿度对水牛犊牛瘤胃性能参数和微生物群落的影响，以及新鲜瘤胃液(FRF)灌胃效率的影响。选取5月龄雄性水牛幼崽20头，分为4组，每组5头。水牛幼崽G1;G2;G3为1 L;500毫升;300mL FRF;分别。1 L FRF组的改善效果最大，其对数总细菌计数(log TBC)极显著增加(P < 0.01);原木乳酸菌计数;瘤胃球菌计数;log原生动物总数(log TPC);瘤胃pH值;给药第1周时原虫活力和VFAs。环境温度与对数TPC呈显著的中间正相关(+0.634)，相对湿度与对数乳酸菌数量呈极显著的强正相关(+0.927)。显著中间阳性(+0.698);瘤胃球菌计数与乳酸、TPC呈极显著正相关(+0.711);分别。瘤胃pH值与攻毒动物瘤胃液的log TPC呈极显著正相关(+0.771)。
{"title":"Evaluation of fresh rumen fluid challenge on rumen eco-system of buffalo calves under harsh environmental conditions","authors":"E. Soliman, A. E. Mahmoud, S. Moawed","doi":"10.14196/SJVA.V5I9.2216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJVA.V5I9.2216","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental factors as temperature and humidity are the most influential factor within any ecosystem with no exclusion. Ruminal ecosystem is greatly variated according to the physiological, nutritional and the microclimatic conditions. Temperature and humidity influences were evaluated against the efficiency of fresh rumen fluid (FRF) challenge in buffalo calves on some ruminal performance parameters and microbial community. Twenty male buffalo calves of 5 months old age were selected and divided into four groups, 5 calves for each. Buffalo calves G1; G2; and G3 were challenged with 1 L; 500 mL; and 300mL FRF; respectively. The 1 st group challenged with 1 L FRF showed the highest improvement represented in a highly significant increases (P < 0.01) in the log Total bacterial count (log TBC); Log Lactobacillus count; Log Ruminococcus count; log Total protozoal count (log TPC); Rumen pH; protozoal motility and VFAs at 1 st week of challenge. Ambient temperature revealed a significantintermediate positive (+0.634) correlations with log TPC and relative humidity revealed highly significant strong positive (+0.927) correlation with log Lactobacillus count. Significant intermediate positive (+0.698); a highly significant strong positive (+0.711) correlations between log Ruminococcus count with lactate and log TPC; respectively. Ruminal pH showed a highly significant strong positive (+0.771) correlation with log TPC of sampled ruminal fluid from challenged animals.","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89421333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jocelyn Iyowamhe Agbanu, M. C. Emere, Yahaya Abdullahi Umar
The trypanocidal activity of crude ethanolic extract of Terminalia catappa stem bark was investigated on red sokoto goats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei. 15 male goats weighing between 8kg to 10kg were used in this experiment, randomly grouped into 5 groups with three goats per group. Goats in all the 5 groups were infected intravenously with T.b. brucei and after demonstration of parasitaemia Groups 1 to 4 were administered crude ethanolic extract of T. catappa as follows: 50mg/kg orally to group 1, 100mg/kg orally to group 2, 50mg/kg intraperitoneally to group 3 and 100mg/kg intraperitoneally to group 4 while group 5 served as untreated control. All treatments lasted for 7 days. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids and steroid. The histopathological findings did not reveal any effect of the extracts on the hearts of all T. catappa treated groups, although, lesions were observed on the spleen, liver, kidney and lung of both treated and untreated (control) group which could be as a result of the infection.
{"title":"Histopathology of Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected red Sokoto goats experimentally infected and treated with crude ethanolic extract of Terminalia catappa","authors":"Jocelyn Iyowamhe Agbanu, M. C. Emere, Yahaya Abdullahi Umar","doi":"10.14196/SJVA.V5I7.2179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJVA.V5I7.2179","url":null,"abstract":"The trypanocidal activity of crude ethanolic extract of Terminalia catappa stem bark was investigated on red sokoto goats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei. 15 male goats weighing between 8kg to 10kg were used in this experiment, randomly grouped into 5 groups with three goats per group. Goats in all the 5 groups were infected intravenously with T.b. brucei and after demonstration of parasitaemia Groups 1 to 4 were administered crude ethanolic extract of T. catappa as follows: 50mg/kg orally to group 1, 100mg/kg orally to group 2, 50mg/kg intraperitoneally to group 3 and 100mg/kg intraperitoneally to group 4 while group 5 served as untreated control. All treatments lasted for 7 days. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids and steroid. The histopathological findings did not reveal any effect of the extracts on the hearts of all T. catappa treated groups, although, lesions were observed on the spleen, liver, kidney and lung of both treated and untreated (control) group which could be as a result of the infection.","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90850141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jocelyn Iyowamhe Agbanu, M. C. Emere, Yahaya Abdullahi Umar
The in-vivo activity of crude ethanolic extract of Terminaliacatappa stem bark administered orally and intraperitoneally on red Sokoto goats experimentally infected with Trypanosomabruceibrucei was investigated. 15 male goats weighing between 8kg to 10kg were randomly grouped into 5 groups with three goats per group. Goats in all the 5 groups were infected intravenously with T. b. brucei and after demonstration of parasitaemia Groups 1 to 4 were administered crude ethanolic extract of T.catappa as follows: 50mg/kg orally to group 1, 100mg/kg orally to group 2, 50mg/kg intraperitoneally to Group3and 100mg/kg intraperitoneally to group4) while group5 served as untreated control. All treatments were given for 7 days. Result of phytochemical analysis shows alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids and steroid, increase in weight, Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and Red Blood Cells (RBC) indices after treatment in treated groups were also observed. It was concluded that T. catappa ethanolic extract given at a dose of 50 to 100mg/kg is effective and safe for the treatment of T. b. brucei infection in goats.
{"title":"Effects of crude ethanolic extract of Terminaliacatappa on the haematology parameters of red Sokoto goat sex perimentally infected with Trypanosomabruceibrucei","authors":"Jocelyn Iyowamhe Agbanu, M. C. Emere, Yahaya Abdullahi Umar","doi":"10.14196/sjva.v5i7.2178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/sjva.v5i7.2178","url":null,"abstract":"The in-vivo activity of crude ethanolic extract of Terminaliacatappa stem bark administered orally and intraperitoneally on red Sokoto goats experimentally infected with Trypanosomabruceibrucei was investigated. 15 male goats weighing between 8kg to 10kg were randomly grouped into 5 groups with three goats per group. Goats in all the 5 groups were infected intravenously with T. b. brucei and after demonstration of parasitaemia Groups 1 to 4 were administered crude ethanolic extract of T.catappa as follows: 50mg/kg orally to group 1, 100mg/kg orally to group 2, 50mg/kg intraperitoneally to Group3and 100mg/kg intraperitoneally to group4) while group5 served as untreated control. All treatments were given for 7 days. Result of phytochemical analysis shows alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids and steroid, increase in weight, Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and Red Blood Cells (RBC) indices after treatment in treated groups were also observed. It was concluded that T. catappa ethanolic extract given at a dose of 50 to 100mg/kg is effective and safe for the treatment of T. b. brucei infection in goats.","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79535647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-30DOI: 10.5455/JVA.196912310400000000
S. Kassa, C. Salifou, G. Dayo, S. Ahounou, O. I. Dotché, T. Issifou, I. Houaga, G. Koutinhouin, G. Mensah, V. Yapi-Gnaore, A. Youssao
Girolando cattle breed was introduced in Benin in order to raise the level of national milk production. In order to assess the level of adaptation of these animals after a decade of breeding, this study aimed to evaluate the production of milk and resilience of these cattle in breeding farm of Kpinnou in Benin. Data were collected on 107 Girolando cattle including 34 cows. These animals were reared in a semi-improved breeding system based on the use of natural and cultivated pastures as well as an intake of food supplements. The Girolando cows produced 1485.19 liters of milk over 11-month collection period resulting in 4.82 liters of daily milk which represents 49.91% of the total daily production. During this period, the lactation increased depending on weeks with a peak (5.92 liters/day) in the 20th week. The effect of calving season was observed on the daily milk production (p < 0.05). The average milk collected was 5.32 liters/day for cows that calved during the big rainy season, 4.72 liters/day for cows that had parturition in the long dry season and 4.31 liters/day for those calved in short rainy season. Moreover, Kpinnou’s breeding farm is facing various diseases and particularly the permanent cattle infestation by ticks, which limit the milk production. Faced this situation, commercial dust mite killers are used against ticks. Antibiotics (Oxytetracycline, Peni-procaine) are administered to cattle in cases of mastitis or lumpy skin etc. Due to the high cost and the dubious efficacy of these veterinary products in addition to the probable deposits of drug residues in milk, the use of medicinal plants would be an alternative to explore. In addition, knowledge of the effect of the season will help to partially improve milk production of Girolando cow in breeding farm of Kpinnou.
{"title":"Assessment of Milk Production and Resilience of Girolando Cattle, Reared in Semi-Improved Breeding System in Benin","authors":"S. Kassa, C. Salifou, G. Dayo, S. Ahounou, O. I. Dotché, T. Issifou, I. Houaga, G. Koutinhouin, G. Mensah, V. Yapi-Gnaore, A. Youssao","doi":"10.5455/JVA.196912310400000000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JVA.196912310400000000","url":null,"abstract":"Girolando cattle breed was introduced in Benin in order to raise the level of national milk production. In order to assess the level of adaptation of these animals after a decade of breeding, this study aimed to evaluate the production of milk and resilience of these cattle in breeding farm of Kpinnou in Benin. Data were collected on 107 Girolando cattle including 34 cows. These animals were reared in a semi-improved breeding system based on the use of natural and cultivated pastures as well as an intake of food supplements. The Girolando cows produced 1485.19 liters of milk over 11-month collection period resulting in 4.82 liters of daily milk which represents 49.91% of the total daily production. During this period, the lactation increased depending on weeks with a peak (5.92 liters/day) in the 20th week. The effect of calving season was observed on the daily milk production (p < 0.05). The average milk collected was 5.32 liters/day for cows that calved during the big rainy season, 4.72 liters/day for cows that had parturition in the long dry season and 4.31 liters/day for those calved in short rainy season. Moreover, Kpinnou’s breeding farm is facing various diseases and particularly the permanent cattle infestation by ticks, which limit the milk production. Faced this situation, commercial dust mite killers are used against ticks. Antibiotics (Oxytetracycline, Peni-procaine) are administered to cattle in cases of mastitis or lumpy skin etc. Due to the high cost and the dubious efficacy of these veterinary products in addition to the probable deposits of drug residues in milk, the use of medicinal plants would be an alternative to explore. In addition, knowledge of the effect of the season will help to partially improve milk production of Girolando cow in breeding farm of Kpinnou.","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80629550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-30DOI: 10.5455/JVA.1969123104000000
M. Opara, A. Santali, B. R. Mohammed, O. Jegede
Haemoparasites of small ruminants reduce their productivity and could lead to high mortality. Information on the prevalence of haemoparasites in small ruminants in Lafia, Guinea Savannah zone of Nigeria is scarce. Our study therefore aimed at determining the prevalence of haemoparasites of small ruminants in this area based on the parasite species, sex, age and breed. Seventy Two and 32 blood samples were collected over a time from goats (69.2%) and sheep (30.8%) respectively at the abattoir and examined for haemoparasites, using standard parasitological techniques. Overall, 21 (20.2%) of the small ruminants were infected with haemoparasites. Of these, haemoparasitic infections occurred in 23.61% and 12.5% of the goats and sheep examined. Anaplasma (13.5%), Babesia (4.8%) and Trypanosoma (1.9%) species were the commonest genera of haemoparasites observed in both goats and sheep. In the goats, 27.7% of the males were infected, while the haemoparasite infections occurred in 16% of the females. One (5.6%) and 3 (21.4%) of the male and female sheep respectively were infected. The prevalence of haemoparasites occurred more in the older goats and sheep, with the infection being higher in the adult goats (30.4%) than in the younger (11.5%) ones. Similarly, the infection was higher in the adult (18.2%) than in the younger sheep from which no infection was observed. According to the breeds of the goats, infections were more prevalent (26.2%) in the West African Dwarf (WAD), followed by the Kano Brown (21.7%) and Sahel (14.3%), while the prevalence rates were 40%, 9.1% and 6.3% in the Uda, Yankasa and Balami breeds of sheep respectively. The moderately high prevalence of haemoparasites recorded among small ruminants slaughtered for meat in Lafia, may suggest a preponderance of their vectors and therefore, calls for increased sustainable strategic measures of control.
{"title":"Prevalence of Haemoparasites of Small Ruminants in Lafia Nassarawa State: A Guinea Savannah Zone of Nigeria -","authors":"M. Opara, A. Santali, B. R. Mohammed, O. Jegede","doi":"10.5455/JVA.1969123104000000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JVA.1969123104000000","url":null,"abstract":"Haemoparasites of small ruminants reduce their productivity and could lead to high mortality. Information on the prevalence of haemoparasites in small ruminants in Lafia, Guinea Savannah zone of Nigeria is scarce. Our study therefore aimed at determining the prevalence of haemoparasites of small ruminants in this area based on the parasite species, sex, age and breed. Seventy Two and 32 blood samples were collected over a time from goats (69.2%) and sheep (30.8%) respectively at the abattoir and examined for haemoparasites, using standard parasitological techniques. Overall, 21 (20.2%) of the small ruminants were infected with haemoparasites. Of these, haemoparasitic infections occurred in 23.61% and 12.5% of the goats and sheep examined. Anaplasma (13.5%), Babesia (4.8%) and Trypanosoma (1.9%) species were the commonest genera of haemoparasites observed in both goats and sheep. In the goats, 27.7% of the males were infected, while the haemoparasite infections occurred in 16% of the females. One (5.6%) and 3 (21.4%) of the male and female sheep respectively were infected. The prevalence of haemoparasites occurred more in the older goats and sheep, with the infection being higher in the adult goats (30.4%) than in the younger (11.5%) ones. Similarly, the infection was higher in the adult (18.2%) than in the younger sheep from which no infection was observed. According to the breeds of the goats, infections were more prevalent (26.2%) in the West African Dwarf (WAD), followed by the Kano Brown (21.7%) and Sahel (14.3%), while the prevalence rates were 40%, 9.1% and 6.3% in the Uda, Yankasa and Balami breeds of sheep respectively. The moderately high prevalence of haemoparasites recorded among small ruminants slaughtered for meat in Lafia, may suggest a preponderance of their vectors and therefore, calls for increased sustainable strategic measures of control.","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75379995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-30DOI: 10.5455/JVA.19691231040000000
Aiman H. Oheida, G. Anderson, A. Alrtib, M. Abushhiwa, C. Philip, H. Davies
Carpal conformation is considered to be a predisposing factor for joint damage which is common in racehorses. Radiography is the most accurate diagnostic tool to evaluate limb deformities. However, despite the accuracy, availability, and cost-effectiveness of this tool only a few conformational studies evaluating the equine carpal morphology have been published. Consequently, the established parameters are insufficient to represent this complex joint. Dorsopalmar view (DP) is the most relevant radiographic view to assess carpal deformity. This study identified a consistent equine carpal DP view and developed reliable and repeatable carpal parameters. Twenty forelimbs from 11 adult horses of different breeds and ages were used. Forelimbs were cut at the distal radius and mounted in an extended position, then radiographed using digital radiography. The DP for the carpus at zero° (ZDP) was defined and established using two landmarks. Specific radiographic features were selected as landmarks for developing carpal parameters. Establishing any parameter was based on an ability to identify its landmarks consistently. Repeatability of identified parameters was tested with each radiograph measured twice with an interval of at least one month. Ten carpal morphometrical parameters were developed. The study provided a base for measuring carpal conformation using radiographs.
{"title":"Carpal Parameters on Dorsopalmar Radiographs of the Equine Carpus","authors":"Aiman H. Oheida, G. Anderson, A. Alrtib, M. Abushhiwa, C. Philip, H. Davies","doi":"10.5455/JVA.19691231040000000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JVA.19691231040000000","url":null,"abstract":"Carpal conformation is considered to be a predisposing factor for joint damage which is common in racehorses. Radiography is the most accurate diagnostic tool to evaluate limb deformities. However, despite the accuracy, availability, and cost-effectiveness of this tool only a few conformational studies evaluating the equine carpal morphology have been published. Consequently, the established parameters are insufficient to represent this complex joint. Dorsopalmar view (DP) is the most relevant radiographic view to assess carpal deformity. This study identified a consistent equine carpal DP view and developed reliable and repeatable carpal parameters. Twenty forelimbs from 11 adult horses of different breeds and ages were used. Forelimbs were cut at the distal radius and mounted in an extended position, then radiographed using digital radiography. The DP for the carpus at zero° (ZDP) was defined and established using two landmarks. Specific radiographic features were selected as landmarks for developing carpal parameters. Establishing any parameter was based on an ability to identify its landmarks consistently. Repeatability of identified parameters was tested with each radiograph measured twice with an interval of at least one month. Ten carpal morphometrical parameters were developed. The study provided a base for measuring carpal conformation using radiographs.","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80580816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tofazzal Md Rakib, L. Akter, S. Barua, Nur E Azam, R. Erfan, M. Islam, A. A. Faruk, M. Faruk, O. F. Miazi
The study was conducted in a commercial poultry farm in Quaish under Chittagong district to observe the effects of age and rearing system on phenotypic characteristics Hisex brown layer strains. Several phenotypic characteristics along with egg quality traits Hisex brown were studied. Three hundred cage and Three hundred litter reared hens were randomly selected. Feed and water were available ad libitum. Eggs were sampled in three age periods, from 20 to 26 weeks, 37 to 43 weeks and 54 to 60 weeks of age. No observable difference was found in plumage color, beak color, shank color, comb color, comb type and egg color in both rearing system. Significant (P<0.05) difference was found in shank length, egg weight and body weight and in cage rearing system it was 3.32±0.16, 59.44±0.42 and 1851.60±11.93, respectively where in case of litter system it was 3.19±0.01, 61.14±0.45 and 1849.10±33.90, respectively. Egg quality characteristics were affected by rearing system and age. Egg weight, yolk weight and percentage increased with the hens’ age in both systems, but Egg shape Index decreased with age. The highest egg weight (61.14±0.45g) was found in litter rearing whereas highest yolk percentage (28.12±0.17%) was found in cage system at the final observation. It can be concluded that rearing system and age has effect on egg quality and any commercial layer strain improvement program should incorporate production objectives and trait performance of the society.
{"title":"Effects of age, rearing system and their interaction on phenotypic characteristics in hisex brown laying hens","authors":"Tofazzal Md Rakib, L. Akter, S. Barua, Nur E Azam, R. Erfan, M. Islam, A. A. Faruk, M. Faruk, O. F. Miazi","doi":"10.14196/SJVA.V5I5.2174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJVA.V5I5.2174","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted in a commercial poultry farm in Quaish under Chittagong district to observe the effects of age and rearing system on phenotypic characteristics Hisex brown layer strains. Several phenotypic characteristics along with egg quality traits Hisex brown were studied. Three hundred cage and Three hundred litter reared hens were randomly selected. Feed and water were available ad libitum. Eggs were sampled in three age periods, from 20 to 26 weeks, 37 to 43 weeks and 54 to 60 weeks of age. No observable difference was found in plumage color, beak color, shank color, comb color, comb type and egg color in both rearing system. Significant (P<0.05) difference was found in shank length, egg weight and body weight and in cage rearing system it was 3.32±0.16, 59.44±0.42 and 1851.60±11.93, respectively where in case of litter system it was 3.19±0.01, 61.14±0.45 and 1849.10±33.90, respectively. Egg quality characteristics were affected by rearing system and age. Egg weight, yolk weight and percentage increased with the hens’ age in both systems, but Egg shape Index decreased with age. The highest egg weight (61.14±0.45g) was found in litter rearing whereas highest yolk percentage (28.12±0.17%) was found in cage system at the final observation. It can be concluded that rearing system and age has effect on egg quality and any commercial layer strain improvement program should incorporate production objectives and trait performance of the society.","PeriodicalId":17430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87882465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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