Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.52.13
T. Miyazaki, K. Funasaka, Toshikazu Kamiura, O. Yamamoto
{"title":"Measurement of SPM Concentrations at Roadside Dwellings","authors":"T. Miyazaki, K. Funasaka, Toshikazu Kamiura, O. Yamamoto","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.52.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.52.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74868078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.51.225
Chobei Imai
{"title":"Do the Japanese Bear Cross-Immunity against the West Nile Virus?","authors":"Chobei Imai","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.51.225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.51.225","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82603651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.51.106
K. Kuroda
The annual total number of mesothelioma deaths in Japan has been increasing since 1995, when the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare began to record the number in demographics and statistics. Mesothelioma deaths are mainly caused by inspiration of asbestos. Since a great deal of asbestos has been imported and used, many people are concerned about a future increase in mesothelioma deaths. The increase in the annual total number of mesothelioma deaths is not regular. However, the cumulative number of mesothelioma deaths fits perfectly with the formula y = 24.77x2 + 492.2x + 538.69(R2=0.9999), in which y is the cumulative number of mesothelioma deaths and x is year 1995. The cumulative number of mesothelioma deaths in the years 2010(x=15) and 2025(x=30) were calculated as 13,495 and 37,598, respectively. Although these values showed a high correlation with the cumulative weight of imported asbestos over the previous 30 years, the correlation did not seem to be useful in estimating the future burden of mesothelioma deaths, since the time taken by inspired asbestos to cause mesothelioma is very variable.
{"title":"A Simple Method for Estimation of the Future Burden of Mesothelioma Deaths in Japan","authors":"K. Kuroda","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.51.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.51.106","url":null,"abstract":"The annual total number of mesothelioma deaths in Japan has been increasing since 1995, when the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare began to record the number in demographics and statistics. Mesothelioma deaths are mainly caused by inspiration of asbestos. Since a great deal of asbestos has been imported and used, many people are concerned about a future increase in mesothelioma deaths. The increase in the annual total number of mesothelioma deaths is not regular. However, the cumulative number of mesothelioma deaths fits perfectly with the formula y = 24.77x2 + 492.2x + 538.69(R2=0.9999), in which y is the cumulative number of mesothelioma deaths and x is year 1995. The cumulative number of mesothelioma deaths in the years 2010(x=15) and 2025(x=30) were calculated as 13,495 and 37,598, respectively. Although these values showed a high correlation with the cumulative weight of imported asbestos over the previous 30 years, the correlation did not seem to be useful in estimating the future burden of mesothelioma deaths, since the time taken by inspired asbestos to cause mesothelioma is very variable.","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82805904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.51.57
K. Itano
Mercury is present in the environment in elemental, inorganic and organic (methylated) forms. As methylmercury bioaccumulates up the marine food chain, large predatory species such as tuna, shark and swordfish have high concentrations of methylmercury in their tissue. Almost all of the mercury in marine fish is methylmercury. As small cetaceans such as toothed whale and dolphin are long-lived and occupy the top of the marine food chain, they contain more mercury in their tissue than large predatory fish. Small cetaceans demethylate methylmercury into inorganic mercury and store it in the liver as mercury selenide. Marine seafood is one of the major sources of mercury in the human food chain. The provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) for methylmercury of 3.3 μg/kg-body weight for the general population was established by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) in 1972. In 1973, the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare set the provisional permitted levels of total mercury and methylmercury in marine food at 0.4 and 0.3 μg/wet-g, respectively. These levels were based on the PTWI of JECFA. In 2003, from the outcomes of two cohort studies in the Faroe Islands and Seychelles Islands regarding the effect of fetal methylmercury exposure on children’s development, JECFA set the PTWI of methylmercury at 1.6 μg/kg-body weight for pregnant women. In 2005, the Japanese Food Safety Commission announced a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) for methylmercury of 2.0 μg/kg-body weight for women who are or may be pregnant. The Japanese average daily intake of mercury from foods is about 60% of the TWI.
{"title":"Mercury in Seafood and Assessment of Risk","authors":"K. Itano","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.51.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.51.57","url":null,"abstract":"Mercury is present in the environment in elemental, inorganic and organic (methylated) forms. As methylmercury bioaccumulates up the marine food chain, large predatory species such as tuna, shark and swordfish have high concentrations of methylmercury in their tissue. Almost all of the mercury in marine fish is methylmercury. As small cetaceans such as toothed whale and dolphin are long-lived and occupy the top of the marine food chain, they contain more mercury in their tissue than large predatory fish. Small cetaceans demethylate methylmercury into inorganic mercury and store it in the liver as mercury selenide. Marine seafood is one of the major sources of mercury in the human food chain. The provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) for methylmercury of 3.3 μg/kg-body weight for the general population was established by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) in 1972. In 1973, the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare set the provisional permitted levels of total mercury and methylmercury in marine food at 0.4 and 0.3 μg/wet-g, respectively. These levels were based on the PTWI of JECFA. In 2003, from the outcomes of two cohort studies in the Faroe Islands and Seychelles Islands regarding the effect of fetal methylmercury exposure on children’s development, JECFA set the PTWI of methylmercury at 1.6 μg/kg-body weight for pregnant women. In 2005, the Japanese Food Safety Commission announced a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) for methylmercury of 2.0 μg/kg-body weight for women who are or may be pregnant. The Japanese average daily intake of mercury from foods is about 60% of the TWI.","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75487857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.51.399
N. Abe, Noriko Mitsuno, E. Ikeda, N. Tamagawa, I. Kimata
{"title":"Molecular Characterization of Entamoeba histolytica Isolates in Osaka City","authors":"N. Abe, Noriko Mitsuno, E. Ikeda, N. Tamagawa, I. Kimata","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.51.399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.51.399","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81650754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.51.11
Tomoko Ooshima
{"title":"Applications of Ion Chromatography and Capillary Electrophoresis Analyses for Determination of Inorganic Ions in Acidic Detergents","authors":"Tomoko Ooshima","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.51.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.51.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88378009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.51.156
T. Yamano
543-0026, Japan Abstract Food analytical data are used to judge whether contaminant and additive content are below the corresponding maximum acceptable levels in foods. These data have by their intrinsic nature some degree of variability. The integrated variability is expressed as “measurement uncertainty” and the value obtained by subtracting the uncertainty from the reported concentration is used to assess compliance. The uncertainty value is also used as a criterion to select analytical methods for food control. In the “criteria approach”, uncertainty in methods in which the cost of analysis is balanced against potential loss due to incorrect decision is compared to the characteristic of uncertainty in methods based on either activity-based procedures or precision data. This article describes the recent trend of food control regulations in the EU and the recommendations of the Codex Alimentarius Commission with special reference
{"title":"Measurement Uncertainty and Criteria Approach in Food Analysis","authors":"T. Yamano","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.51.156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.51.156","url":null,"abstract":"543-0026, Japan Abstract Food analytical data are used to judge whether contaminant and additive content are below the corresponding maximum acceptable levels in foods. These data have by their intrinsic nature some degree of variability. The integrated variability is expressed as “measurement uncertainty” and the value obtained by subtracting the uncertainty from the reported concentration is used to assess compliance. The uncertainty value is also used as a criterion to select analytical methods for food control. In the “criteria approach”, uncertainty in methods in which the cost of analysis is balanced against potential loss due to incorrect decision is compared to the characteristic of uncertainty in methods based on either activity-based procedures or precision data. This article describes the recent trend of food control regulations in the EU and the recommendations of the Codex Alimentarius Commission with special reference","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79112170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.51.385
Kaoru Yoshida, M. Umezawa, M. Kitamura, K. Kuroda
It is important to know the mineral element content of foods, which is affected by several factors, including soil contamination by pesticide or fertilizer, cooking conditions, and cooking utensils. We compared Zn, Mn and Cu intakes estimated using a food composition table (FCT) with values measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The measured Mn content of dishes containing spinach was significantly higher than the corresponding FCT-based estimate. We studied the effect of home-based food preparation practices on the Zn, Mn and Cu content of dishes cooked with used utensils. The Mn content of foods cooked in a pan of aluminum alloy coated with fluoroplastic was higher than before cooking. The results suggest that thermolysis of fluorinated polymers, such as the commercial polymer Teflon, can cause Mn migration from aluminum alloy into foods. Our studies show that food preparation using the techniques available in the home may be responsible for decrease or increase in mineral content. Further studies are needed to ascertain the effects.
{"title":"Several Factors Contribute to Dietary Content of Trace Elements","authors":"Kaoru Yoshida, M. Umezawa, M. Kitamura, K. Kuroda","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.51.385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.51.385","url":null,"abstract":"It is important to know the mineral element content of foods, which is affected by several factors, including soil contamination by pesticide or fertilizer, cooking conditions, and cooking utensils. We compared Zn, Mn and Cu intakes estimated using a food composition table (FCT) with values measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The measured Mn content of dishes containing spinach was significantly higher than the corresponding FCT-based estimate. We studied the effect of home-based food preparation practices on the Zn, Mn and Cu content of dishes cooked with used utensils. The Mn content of foods cooked in a pan of aluminum alloy coated with fluoroplastic was higher than before cooking. The results suggest that thermolysis of fluorinated polymers, such as the commercial polymer Teflon, can cause Mn migration from aluminum alloy into foods. Our studies show that food preparation using the techniques available in the home may be responsible for decrease or increase in mineral content. Further studies are needed to ascertain the effects.","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91515963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.51.141
T. Wada
{"title":"Methods for Rapid Detection of Drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis","authors":"T. Wada","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.51.141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.51.141","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84323785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.51.295
N. Hamada
543-0026, Japan Abstract The fungal flora in the house dust of dwellings was examined in both the winter and summer of 2006. The xerophilic fungi, Aspergillus restrictus and Wallemia , which grow in house dust, were markedly abundant as well as Cladosporium and Penicillium . The average numbers of fungi detected were larger in tatami dust than in carpet dust or in flooring dust. Floor materials, for example whether the carpet was wool or synthetic, affected the fungal contamination of house dust. Fungal contamination was found to be less on upper floors, in houses located on flat land than on the first floor or on sloping land. More fungal contamination was detected in older dwellings of 26 years or more than in newer ones of 25 years or less. The fungal count in the house dust of rooms with daily use of air-conditioning in summer and heating in winter was about half of that in rooms rarely heated or air-conditioned. Factors removing moisture from the room atmosphere and floor were thought to reduce the fungal contamination of
{"title":"Recent Fungal Contamination of House Dust in Dwellings","authors":"N. Hamada","doi":"10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.51.295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11468/SEIKATSUEISEI.51.295","url":null,"abstract":"543-0026, Japan Abstract The fungal flora in the house dust of dwellings was examined in both the winter and summer of 2006. The xerophilic fungi, Aspergillus restrictus and Wallemia , which grow in house dust, were markedly abundant as well as Cladosporium and Penicillium . The average numbers of fungi detected were larger in tatami dust than in carpet dust or in flooring dust. Floor materials, for example whether the carpet was wool or synthetic, affected the fungal contamination of house dust. Fungal contamination was found to be less on upper floors, in houses located on flat land than on the first floor or on sloping land. More fungal contamination was detected in older dwellings of 26 years or more than in newer ones of 25 years or less. The fungal count in the house dust of rooms with daily use of air-conditioning in summer and heating in winter was about half of that in rooms rarely heated or air-conditioned. Factors removing moisture from the room atmosphere and floor were thought to reduce the fungal contamination of","PeriodicalId":17443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Living and Health Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86531645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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