Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v28i2.1041
M. Fawad
Northern Pakistan is known for its rich medicinal flora however, more than 150 species are at a greater risk of becoming endangered, mainly due to natural disaster, climate change, nomadic grazing and over harvesting for its ethno-botanical use. Proper domestication and conservation measures is necessary to conserve the medicinal flora. Experimental trials to examine the growth of medicinal plants in the location: Swat and Chitral, wild habitats, fertilizer and control (no fertilizers). Data show that various treatments significantly effected plant Height (cm), plants density m-2, root yield kg ha-1, and Income Rs ha-1 in both the locations. The economical analysis of the data revealed that the maximum income for Glycyrrhiza glabra (840,000 PKR ha-1) and Trillium govanianum (481,325 PKR ha-1) was recorded in NPK applied plots. Simlalry, minimum (220,000 PKR ha-1) for Glycyrrhiza glabra and (104,854 PKR ha-1) recorded for Trillium govanianum in their wild habitat in both the locations. Likewise, maximum morphological growth, yield and income of medicinal plants in Swat valley was higher than Chitral. Furthermore, the production of the medicinal plants in wild habitat is comparatively lower and thus improved production technology is suggested to get higher yield. The findigs revealed that Swat valley is most suitable and productive for the cultivation of medicinal plants as compared to the location Chitral. In addition, growing medicinal plants will be popularized among the farming communities of Pakistan and the gerplasm of these endangered species will be conserved for future use. Key words: Medicinal plants, Endangered wild flora, domestication, cultivation, conservation.
巴基斯坦北部以其丰富的药用植物群而闻名，然而，超过150个物种面临更大的濒危风险，主要是由于自然灾害、气候变化、游牧放牧和为民族植物用途而过度收获。为了保护药用植物群，必须采取适当的驯化和保护措施。检查该地区药用植物生长的实验试验:斯瓦特和吉德拉尔、野生栖息地、肥料和控制(不施肥)。数据表明，不同处理对两个地点的株高(cm)、株密度(m-2)、根系产量(kg ha-1)和收入(Rs ha-1)均有显著影响。经济分析结果表明，施用氮磷钾的地块中，光甘草(840,000 PKR ha-1)和万兆草(481,325 PKR ha-1)的产量最高。同样，在这两个地点的野生栖息地中，glycyrhiza glabra和Trillium govanium的最低PKR ha-1分别为22万PKR ha-1和104,854 PKR ha-1。斯瓦特河谷药用植物的最大形态生长、产量和收入也高于吉德拉尔。此外，野生生境药用植物的产量相对较低，建议改进生产技术以获得更高的产量。研究结果表明，与Chitral地区相比，斯瓦特山谷是最适合种植药用植物的地区。此外，将在巴基斯坦的农业社区推广种植药用植物，并将保存这些濒危物种的种质以供将来使用。关键词:药用植物，濒危野生植物，驯化，栽培，保护
{"title":"DOMESTICATION AND CONSERVATION OF ENDANGERED MEDICINAL FLORA AT TWO AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONES OF PAKISTAN.","authors":"M. Fawad","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v28i2.1041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v28i2.1041","url":null,"abstract":"Northern Pakistan is known for its rich medicinal flora however, more than 150 species are at a greater risk of becoming endangered, mainly due to natural disaster, climate change, nomadic grazing and over harvesting for its ethno-botanical use. Proper domestication and conservation measures is necessary to conserve the medicinal flora. Experimental trials to examine the growth of medicinal plants in the location: Swat and Chitral, wild habitats, fertilizer and control (no fertilizers). Data show that various treatments significantly effected plant Height (cm), plants density m-2, root yield kg ha-1, and Income Rs ha-1 in both the locations. The economical analysis of the data revealed that the maximum income for Glycyrrhiza glabra (840,000 PKR ha-1) and Trillium govanianum (481,325 PKR ha-1) was recorded in NPK applied plots. Simlalry, minimum (220,000 PKR ha-1) for Glycyrrhiza glabra and (104,854 PKR ha-1) recorded for Trillium govanianum in their wild habitat in both the locations. Likewise, maximum morphological growth, yield and income of medicinal plants in Swat valley was higher than Chitral. Furthermore, the production of the medicinal plants in wild habitat is comparatively lower and thus improved production technology is suggested to get higher yield. The findigs revealed that Swat valley is most suitable and productive for the cultivation of medicinal plants as compared to the location Chitral. In addition, growing medicinal plants will be popularized among the farming communities of Pakistan and the gerplasm of these endangered species will be conserved for future use. Key words: Medicinal plants, Endangered wild flora, domestication, cultivation, conservation.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85995002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v28i2.1049
Sulaiman Shah
ABSTRACT Chenopodium quinoa (Quinoa) is a nutrient-rich pseudo cereal crop, which has been introduced in Pakistan in the past due to its high medicinal and commercial value. The plant contains huge number of phytochemicals i.e. amino acids, fiber, minerals, vitamins, secondary metabolites, bioactive proteins and peptides which could be used in various medicine for human and other animal’s health. In addition, it has been reported that the quinoa leaves, root, and seed are used in the treatment of diabetes, cancer, inflammations, fungal infections, and other numerous health problems. Besides, its high energy, nutrient content, therapeutic properties, and lack of gluten, it is considered to be useful for children, the elderly, lactose-intolerant people, and osteoporosis in women. This comprehensive study provides medical uses, phytochemical constituents, and pharmacological activities of quinoa. Also, the anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-lipidemic, antibacterial, and antifungal effects have been reviewed. This review is providing the detail study about the phytochemicals and pharmacological evaluation of quinoa till date, and also provides pave for future investigations and exploitation of Chenopodium quinoa.
{"title":"THE PHYTOCHEMICAL, PHARMACOLOGICAL AND MEDICINAL EVALUATION OF QUINOA (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)","authors":"Sulaiman Shah","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v28i2.1049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v28i2.1049","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Chenopodium quinoa (Quinoa) is a nutrient-rich pseudo cereal crop, which has been introduced in Pakistan in the past due to its high medicinal and commercial value. The plant contains huge number of phytochemicals i.e. amino acids, fiber, minerals, vitamins, secondary metabolites, bioactive proteins and peptides which could be used in various medicine for human and other animal’s health. In addition, it has been reported that the quinoa leaves, root, and seed are used in the treatment of diabetes, cancer, inflammations, fungal infections, and other numerous health problems. Besides, its high energy, nutrient content, therapeutic properties, and lack of gluten, it is considered to be useful for children, the elderly, lactose-intolerant people, and osteoporosis in women. This comprehensive study provides medical uses, phytochemical constituents, and pharmacological activities of quinoa. Also, the anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-lipidemic, antibacterial, and antifungal effects have been reviewed. This review is providing the detail study about the phytochemicals and pharmacological evaluation of quinoa till date, and also provides pave for future investigations and exploitation of Chenopodium quinoa.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73855020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v28i1.1025
Iqra Khan, A. Javaid, Shahbaz Ahmad
Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) ranks amongst the top ten most devastating weeds. It has spread on a large scale in various regions of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. In an attempt to search alternatives to chemical herbicides for control of this weed, metabolites of a fungal species Penicillium crustosum were evaluated for their herbicidal potential. The fungus was grown in two growth media viz. potato dextrose broth (PDB) and malt extract broth (MEB) for two weeks. After filtration, the culture filtrates from both the media were used in original (100%) as well as diluted (50%) forms. The experiment was carried out in 9-cm Petri plates, having 25 parthenium seeds in each plate. The effect of metabolites was assessed on germination and seedling growth. PDB metabolites proved more inhibitory against various studied parameters than the metabolites prepared in MEB. There was 62%, 88%, 91% and 93% suppression in germination, shoot length, root length and seedling dry biomass over control due to original metabolites prepared in PDB as compared to 33%, 74%, 94% and 81% reduction in these parameters, respectively, due to MEB metabolites.
{"title":"POTENTIAL OF Penicillium crustosum METABOLITES IN CONTROLLING PARTHENIUM WEED","authors":"Iqra Khan, A. Javaid, Shahbaz Ahmad","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v28i1.1025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v28i1.1025","url":null,"abstract":"Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) ranks amongst the top ten most devastating weeds. It has spread on a large scale in various regions of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. In an attempt to search alternatives to chemical herbicides for control of this weed, metabolites of a fungal species Penicillium crustosum were evaluated for their herbicidal potential. The fungus was grown in two growth media viz. potato dextrose broth (PDB) and malt extract broth (MEB) for two weeks. After filtration, the culture filtrates from both the media were used in original (100%) as well as diluted (50%) forms. The experiment was carried out in 9-cm Petri plates, having 25 parthenium seeds in each plate. The effect of metabolites was assessed on germination and seedling growth. PDB metabolites proved more inhibitory against various studied parameters than the metabolites prepared in MEB. There was 62%, 88%, 91% and 93% suppression in germination, shoot length, root length and seedling dry biomass over control due to original metabolites prepared in PDB as compared to 33%, 74%, 94% and 81% reduction in these parameters, respectively, due to MEB metabolites.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75304044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v28i1.994
B. Khan
Weeds are a major threat to global crop productivity and food security. Weeds compete with plants for applied inputs and resources and resultant cause a significant reduction in final productivity. A study was conducted at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. The study was comprised of two lentil varieties (Punjab Masoor-2009, Punjab Masoor-2020) and seven treatments i.e., weedy check (control), manual weeding, Pendimethalin 33 EC @ 247 ml ha-1, S. metolachlor 960 EC @ 1976 ml ha-1, Pendimethalin +S. metolachlor @ 2223 ml ha-1, Flumetsulam 80 WG @ 18.525 g ha-1 and Flumetsulam 80 WG @ 24.7 g ha-1 arranged in RCBD design having 3 replications. According to the findings, different herbicides and cultivars had a substantial impact on growth and yield attributes of lentil. The maximum root fresh and dry weights (8.07, 1.57 g), shoot fresh and dry weights (20.08 and 5.28 g), plant height (62.05 cm), pods/plant (67.83), grains/pod (2), 1000 seed weight (25.17 g), grain yield (1934 kg ha-1) and biological yield (3730 kg ha-1) was recorded in manual weeding and lowest root fresh and dry weights (6.28 and 1.57 g), shoot fresh and dry weights (12.33 and 3.99 g), plant height (44.58 cm), pods/plant (42.83), grains/pod (1.17), 1000 seed weight (14.40 g), grain yield (1113 kg ha-1) and biological yield (2830 kg ha-1) was recorded in weedy check. In case of cultivars, Punjab Masoor-2020 had maximum root fresh and dry weights (7.90 and 1.81 g), shoot fresh and dry weights (17.17 and 5.02 g), plant height (54.99 cm), pods/plant (60.43), grains/pod (1.67), 1000 seed weight (21.09 g), grain yield (1690 kg ha-1) and biological yield (3402 kg ha-1) while cultivar Punjab Masoor-2009 had minimum root fresh weight (6.53 g), dry weight (1.68 g), shoot fresh weight (14.57), dry weight (4.62 g), plant height (53.09 cm), pods/plant (48.76), grains/pod (1.33), 1000 seed weight (18.44 g), grain yield (1586 kg ha-1) and biological yield (3292 kg ha-1). Manual weeding also resulted in lowest weeds density and weeds biomass and weedy check resulted in maximum weed density and weed biomass. Thus, it is concluded that cultivar Punjab Masoor-2020 along with manual weeding and use of Pendimethalin + S. metolachlor @ 2223 ml ha-1 can be adopted to get maximum lentil production under warm semi-arid conditions of Faisalabad.
杂草是全球作物生产力和粮食安全的主要威胁。杂草与植物竞争投入物和资源，导致最终生产力显著降低。一项研究是在费萨拉巴德农业大学农艺研究区进行的。该研究包括两个小扁豆品种(Punjab Masoor-2009, Punjab Masoor-2020)和7种处理，即杂草检查(对照)，人工除草，苯二甲胺33 EC @ 247 ml ha-1，甲草胺960 EC @ 1976 ml ha-1，苯二甲胺+S。异甲草胺2223 ml ha-1、氟美舒兰80 WG 18.525 g ha-1和氟美舒兰80 WG 24.7 g ha-1按RCBD设计排列，有3个重复。结果表明，不同除草剂和品种对小扁豆的生长和产量性状有显著影响。最大根新鲜和干重(8.07、1.57 g),拍摄新鲜和干重(20.08和5.28 g),株高(62.05厘米)、豆荚/植物(67.83),谷物/ pod(2), 1000种子重量(25.17 g),粮食产量(1934公斤农业和生物产量(3730公斤农业被记录在人工除草和最低根新鲜和干重(6.28和1.57 g),拍摄新鲜和干重(12.33和3.99 g),株高(44.58厘米)、豆荚/植物(42.83),谷物/ pod(1.17), 1000种子重量(14.40克),杂草检查记录籽粒产量(1113 kg ha-1)和生物产量(2830 kg ha-1)。就品种而言，旁遮普马索尔-2020的最大根鲜重和干重(7.90和1.81 g)、茎鲜重和干重(17.17和5.02 g)、株高(54.99 cm)、荚果/株(60.43)、籽粒/荚果(1.67)、1000粒重(21.09 g)、籽粒产量(1690 kg ha-1)和生物产量(3402 kg ha-1)，而旁遮普马索尔-2009的最小根鲜重(6.53 g)、干重(1.68 g)、茎鲜重(14.57)、干重(4.62 g)、株高(53.09 cm)、荚果/株(48.76)。粒数/荚(1.33)，千粒重(18.44 g)，籽粒产量(1586 kg hm -1)和生物产量(3292 kg hm -1)。人工除草的杂草密度和生物量最低，杂草检查的杂草密度和生物量最大。综上所述，在费萨拉巴德温暖的半干旱条件下，采用人工除草和使用戊二甲基灵+ S.甲草胺@ 2223 ml ha-1可以获得最大的扁豆产量。
{"title":"COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT HERBICIDES FOR WEED MANAGEMENT IN LENTIL (Lens culinaris L.)","authors":"B. Khan","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v28i1.994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v28i1.994","url":null,"abstract":"Weeds are a major threat to global crop productivity and food security. Weeds compete with plants for applied inputs and resources and resultant cause a significant reduction in final productivity. A study was conducted at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. The study was comprised of two lentil varieties (Punjab Masoor-2009, Punjab Masoor-2020) and seven treatments i.e., weedy check (control), manual weeding, Pendimethalin 33 EC @ 247 ml ha-1, S. metolachlor 960 EC @ 1976 ml ha-1, Pendimethalin +S. metolachlor @ 2223 ml ha-1, Flumetsulam 80 WG @ 18.525 g ha-1 and Flumetsulam 80 WG @ 24.7 g ha-1 arranged in RCBD design having 3 replications. According to the findings, different herbicides and cultivars had a substantial impact on growth and yield attributes of lentil. The maximum root fresh and dry weights (8.07, 1.57 g), shoot fresh and dry weights (20.08 and 5.28 g), plant height (62.05 cm), pods/plant (67.83), grains/pod (2), 1000 seed weight (25.17 g), grain yield (1934 kg ha-1) and biological yield (3730 kg ha-1) was recorded in manual weeding and lowest root fresh and dry weights (6.28 and 1.57 g), shoot fresh and dry weights (12.33 and 3.99 g), plant height (44.58 cm), pods/plant (42.83), grains/pod (1.17), 1000 seed weight (14.40 g), grain yield (1113 kg ha-1) and biological yield (2830 kg ha-1) was recorded in weedy check. In case of cultivars, Punjab Masoor-2020 had maximum root fresh and dry weights (7.90 and 1.81 g), shoot fresh and dry weights (17.17 and 5.02 g), plant height (54.99 cm), pods/plant (60.43), grains/pod (1.67), 1000 seed weight (21.09 g), grain yield (1690 kg ha-1) and biological yield (3402 kg ha-1) while cultivar Punjab Masoor-2009 had minimum root fresh weight (6.53 g), dry weight (1.68 g), shoot fresh weight (14.57), dry weight (4.62 g), plant height (53.09 cm), pods/plant (48.76), grains/pod (1.33), 1000 seed weight (18.44 g), grain yield (1586 kg ha-1) and biological yield (3292 kg ha-1). Manual weeding also resulted in lowest weeds density and weeds biomass and weedy check resulted in maximum weed density and weed biomass. Thus, it is concluded that cultivar Punjab Masoor-2020 along with manual weeding and use of Pendimethalin + S. metolachlor @ 2223 ml ha-1 can be adopted to get maximum lentil production under warm semi-arid conditions of Faisalabad.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79940999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v28i1.976
B. Khan, R. Maqbool, Sumbal Parvez, M. Nadeem, R. Maqbool
Crop plants release biochemicals into surrounding environment that help in obtaining maximum yield of crop by acting bioherbicide at high concentration and plant growth hormone at low concentration. Therefore, this study was planned at Department of Agronomy in Weed Science Laboratory, University of Agriculture Faisalabad during Winter 2018 to evaluate the allelopathic effects of Cinnamomum verum (Dalchini) on weed Wild Pea (Pisum sativum subsp. elatius) and determination and quantification Phenolic compound present in aqueous extract of bark of C. verum. The experiment was laid out under completely randomized design (CRD) having three replications. The aqueous extract of C. verum was used on wild pea seeds at different concentrations (2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40% and 80%). Data regarding seed germination and seedling growth (shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, root dry weigh) of weed was recorded following standard procedures. C. verum extract at higher concentration act as bioherbicide and produced inhibitory effects on Pisum sativum subsp. elatius. while at low concentration it shows hermetic effect and promoted the emergence and seedling growth. Among different Phenolic compound (Syringic acid, p-crumeic, Ferulic acid, Quercetion and Gallic acid) determine in aqueous extract of barck of C. verum Maximum Quercetion (12.3 %) and minimum Syringic acid (0.60 %) was found. Therefore, it was concluded from this study that aqueous extract of C. verum can be used as bioherbicide for biocontrol of weed at higher concentration (80 %) while at lower concentration (10%) as growth promoter.
{"title":"A, The EXPLORING THE ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF CINNAMOMUM VERUM ON EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF WILD PEA (Pisum sativum subsp. elatius)","authors":"B. Khan, R. Maqbool, Sumbal Parvez, M. Nadeem, R. Maqbool","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v28i1.976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v28i1.976","url":null,"abstract":"Crop plants release biochemicals into surrounding environment that help in obtaining maximum yield of crop by acting bioherbicide at high concentration and plant growth hormone at low concentration. Therefore, this study was planned at Department of Agronomy in Weed Science Laboratory, University of Agriculture Faisalabad during Winter 2018 to evaluate the allelopathic effects of Cinnamomum verum (Dalchini) on weed Wild Pea (Pisum sativum subsp. elatius) and determination and quantification Phenolic compound present in aqueous extract of bark of C. verum. The experiment was laid out under completely randomized design (CRD) having three replications. The aqueous extract of C. verum was used on wild pea seeds at different concentrations (2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40% and 80%). Data regarding seed germination and seedling growth (shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, root dry weigh) of weed was recorded following standard procedures. C. verum extract at higher concentration act as bioherbicide and produced inhibitory effects on Pisum sativum subsp. elatius. while at low concentration it shows hermetic effect and promoted the emergence and seedling growth. Among different Phenolic compound (Syringic acid, p-crumeic, Ferulic acid, Quercetion and Gallic acid) determine in aqueous extract of barck of C. verum Maximum Quercetion (12.3 %) and minimum Syringic acid (0.60 %) was found. Therefore, it was concluded from this study that aqueous extract of C. verum can be used as bioherbicide for biocontrol of weed at higher concentration (80 %) while at lower concentration (10%) as growth promoter.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82846757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v28i1.1023
Imtiaz Khan
Weed management in okra field is one of the most challenging and expensive steps that ultimately reducing the productivity. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate impact of various organic and cultural practices on yield and weed management in okra crop at Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan during spring season 2021 in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) having three replications. The following treatments were applied to the experimental trail. T1=Parthenium Parthenium hysterophorus) weed extraction (120g/L), T2= Coco grass (Cyperus rotundus) weed extraction (120g/L), T3= Field bind weed (Convolvulus arvensis) weed extraction (120g/L), T4= Mulching (Eucalyptus leaves), T5= Mulching (News Paper), T6= Hand weeding (Once) 20 days, T7= Hand weeding (Twice) 20 &40 days, T8= Weedy check. Results shows that all the studied parameters of okra crop were significantly affected by all the applied treatments except number of flowers plant-1. Maximum weed fresh biomass (143.3g), weed dry biomass (42.2g), plant height (64.2cm), number of branches plant-1, (11), fruit length (11.73 cm), fruit diameter (1.8 cm) and yield (3246.6kg/ha) were noted in a Hand weeding (Twice) 20- & 40-days treatment followed by Hand weeding (Once) after 20 days, however the minimum values was noted in weedy check treatment except weed density which was found maximum in weedy check treatment. Hand weeding twice after 20 & 40 days of crop sowing was recommended to get in okra crop better yield.
{"title":"Dr IMPACT OF VARIOUS ORGANIC AND CULTURAL PRACTICES ON YIELD AND WEED MANAGEMENT IN OKRA (Abelmoschus esculanta L.)","authors":"Imtiaz Khan","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v28i1.1023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v28i1.1023","url":null,"abstract":"Weed management in okra field is one of the most challenging and expensive steps that ultimately reducing the productivity. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate impact of various organic and cultural practices on yield and weed management in okra crop at Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan during spring season 2021 in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) having three replications. The following treatments were applied to the experimental trail. T1=Parthenium Parthenium hysterophorus) weed extraction (120g/L), T2= Coco grass (Cyperus rotundus) weed extraction (120g/L), T3= Field bind weed (Convolvulus arvensis) weed extraction (120g/L), T4= Mulching (Eucalyptus leaves), T5= Mulching (News Paper), T6= Hand weeding (Once) 20 days, T7= Hand weeding (Twice) 20 &40 days, T8= Weedy check. Results shows that all the studied parameters of okra crop were significantly affected by all the applied treatments except number of flowers plant-1. Maximum weed fresh biomass (143.3g), weed dry biomass (42.2g), plant height (64.2cm), number of branches plant-1, (11), fruit length (11.73 cm), fruit diameter (1.8 cm) and yield (3246.6kg/ha) were noted in a Hand weeding (Twice) 20- & 40-days treatment followed by Hand weeding (Once) after 20 days, however the minimum values was noted in weedy check treatment except weed density which was found maximum in weedy check treatment. Hand weeding twice after 20 & 40 days of crop sowing was recommended to get in okra crop better yield.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85658955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v28i1.1033
A. Javaid, Haleema Qudsia, Iqra Khan, A. Anwar, Malik F. H. Ferdosi
Hundreds of plant species, including many economically important crop plants, are attacked by a highly destructive soil-borne fungus Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. In the present study, methanolic root extract of septicweed [Senna occidentalis (L.) Link] was evaluated against M. phaseolina. Different concentrations of the extract (0.5 to 3.0%) considerably decreased fungal biomass by 33–43%. Nine compounds were recognized when the extract was analyzed by GC-MS. The major compound was 11-octadecanoic acid, methyl ester (26.49%) followed by (5β)pregnane-3,20β-diol, 14α d-mannose (13.85%);, 18α-[4-methyl-3-oxo-(1-oxa-4-azabutane-1,4-diyl)]-, diacetate (13.61%); ethyl iso-allocholate (11.37%); pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester (11.01%); and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, (E,E)- (9.76%), which might be the cause of antifungal activity.
数百种植物，包括许多经济上重要的作物植物，受到一种极具破坏性的土传真菌的攻击。在本研究中，septicweed的甲醇根提取物[Senna occidentalis (L.)]Link]对菜绿分枝杆菌的抗性进行了评价。不同浓度的提取物(0.5 ~ 3.0%)显著降低真菌生物量33€43%。通过GC-MS分析，鉴定出9个化合物。主要化合物为11-十八烷酸甲酯(26.49%)，其次为(5β)孕烷-3,20β-二醇，14αd-甘露糖(13.85%)，18α-[4-甲基-3-氧-(1-氧-4-阿扎丁烷-1,4-二基)]-，二乙酸酯(13.61%);异胆酸乙酯(11.37%);十五酸14-甲基甲酯(11.01%);9,12-十八二烯酸甲酯，(E,E)-(9.76%)，这可能是抗真菌活性的原因。
{"title":"ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF Senna occidentalis ROOT EXTRACT AGAINST Macrophomina phaseolina AND ITS GC-MS ANALYSIS","authors":"A. Javaid, Haleema Qudsia, Iqra Khan, A. Anwar, Malik F. H. Ferdosi","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v28i1.1033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v28i1.1033","url":null,"abstract":" Hundreds of plant species, including many economically important crop plants, are attacked by a highly destructive soil-borne fungus Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. In the present study, methanolic root extract of septicweed [Senna occidentalis (L.) Link] was evaluated against M. phaseolina. Different concentrations of the extract (0.5 to 3.0%) considerably decreased fungal biomass by 33–43%. Nine compounds were recognized when the extract was analyzed by GC-MS. The major compound was 11-octadecanoic acid, methyl ester (26.49%) followed by (5β)pregnane-3,20β-diol, 14α d-mannose (13.85%);, 18α-[4-methyl-3-oxo-(1-oxa-4-azabutane-1,4-diyl)]-, diacetate (13.61%); ethyl iso-allocholate (11.37%); pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester (11.01%); and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, (E,E)- (9.76%), which might be the cause of antifungal activity.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81527332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v28i1.942
A. Raza
Wheat is a widely grown cereal crop under rainfed conditions of semi-arid areas of the world including Pakistan. Unfortunately, its yield remains low due to heavy weed infestation and scarce moisture supply in the root zone from erratic rainfall. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to observe the influence of different organic mulches on the soil moisture, weeds, growth and yield of wheat crop. Four organic mulches i.e wheat straw sawdust, rice straw and rice husk were applied up to 2 inches surface layer between the rows of wheat crop. Application of wheat straw mulch conserved the highest soil moisture (72.3%) at 0-15cm depth six weeks after sowing and caused maximum weed suppression with 81.17% weed control efficiency and 63.70% weed control index as compared to unmulched control. Maximum plant height (70.8cm), productive tillers (137.33 m-2), grain weight per spike (2.37g), grains per spike (52.3), 1000-grain weight (50.66 g), biological yield (9393.9 kg ha-1), grain yield (3665.6 kg ha-1), harvest index (38.60%) and benefit-cost ratio (1.69) were observed in rainfed wheat crop treated with wheat straw mulch. Wheat crop total rainfall use efficiency followed the order of wheat straw > rice straw > saw dust> rice husk> control. The highest weed density and dry weight while lowest soil moisture and grain yield were recorded with no mulch and rice husk treatments.
小麦是世界上包括巴基斯坦在内的半干旱地区雨养条件下广泛种植的谷类作物。不幸的是，它的产量仍然很低，因为杂草丛生，而且由于降雨不稳定，根区缺乏水分供应。为此，通过田间试验，观察不同有机地膜对小麦土壤水分、杂草、生长和产量的影响。四种有机地膜分别为麦秸锯末、稻秆和稻壳，覆盖小麦作物行间2英寸的表层。小麦秸秆覆盖在播种后6周保持0 ~ 15cm土壤水分最高(72.3%)，对杂草的抑制效果最大，防杂草效率为81.17%，防杂草指数为63.70%。小麦秸秆覆盖对旱作小麦的最大株高(70.8cm)、有效分蘖(137.33 m-2)、穗粒重(2.37g)、穗粒数(52.3粒)、千粒重(50.66 g)、生物产量(9393.9 kg ha-1)、籽粒产量(3665.6 kg ha-1)、收获指数(38.60%)和效益成本比(1.69)均有显著影响。小麦作物总降雨利用效率依次为麦秸>稻秆>锯末>稻壳>防治。无覆盖和稻壳处理的杂草密度和干重最高，土壤水分和籽粒产量最低。
{"title":"AGRO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF ORGANIC MULCHES ON WEED DYNAMICS AND PRODUCTIVITY OF RAINFED WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)","authors":"A. Raza","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v28i1.942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v28i1.942","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat is a widely grown cereal crop under rainfed conditions of semi-arid areas of the world including Pakistan. Unfortunately, its yield remains low due to heavy weed infestation and scarce moisture supply in the root zone from erratic rainfall. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to observe the influence of different organic mulches on the soil moisture, weeds, growth and yield of wheat crop. Four organic mulches i.e wheat straw sawdust, rice straw and rice husk were applied up to 2 inches surface layer between the rows of wheat crop. Application of wheat straw mulch conserved the highest soil moisture (72.3%) at 0-15cm depth six weeks after sowing and caused maximum weed suppression with 81.17% weed control efficiency and 63.70% weed control index as compared to unmulched control. Maximum plant height (70.8cm), productive tillers (137.33 m-2), grain weight per spike (2.37g), grains per spike (52.3), 1000-grain weight (50.66 g), biological yield (9393.9 kg ha-1), grain yield (3665.6 kg ha-1), harvest index (38.60%) and benefit-cost ratio (1.69) were observed in rainfed wheat crop treated with wheat straw mulch. Wheat crop total rainfall use efficiency followed the order of wheat straw > rice straw > saw dust> rice husk> control. The highest weed density and dry weight while lowest soil moisture and grain yield were recorded with no mulch and rice husk treatments.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85608066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v28i1.1004
M. Haroon, Atif Shaheen, F. Wahid, Mukhtar Alam, A. Basir, R. Ullah, M. Saeed, Muhammad Tariq Majeed
Parthenium is an invasive weed and has adverse effect on agriculture, biodiversity and human health in our ecosystem. This experiment was carried out to find the allelopathic water stress of parthenium effect on maize growth dynamics using 3 sigmoidal growth model. Soil was collected from weed infested field. Allelopathic water stress (AWS) greatly reduced weed density as compared to control. Allelopathic water stress of parthenium at higher concentration (PWS-100%) reduced maize germination and affect chlorophyll content, leaf area, plant height, shoot biomass, root biomass. As at lower concentration (AWS-25% and 50%) enhance maize growth parameters. This study revealed that allelopathic water stress of parthenium at lower concentration increase maize growth and decrease a weed density up to minimum level.
{"title":"Assessment of Allelopathic water stress of Parthenium on weed density and initial growth of maize hybrid (FS-151) using sigmoid growth model","authors":"M. Haroon, Atif Shaheen, F. Wahid, Mukhtar Alam, A. Basir, R. Ullah, M. Saeed, Muhammad Tariq Majeed","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v28i1.1004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v28i1.1004","url":null,"abstract":"Parthenium is an invasive weed and has adverse effect on agriculture, biodiversity and human health in our ecosystem. This experiment was carried out to find the allelopathic water stress of parthenium effect on maize growth dynamics using 3 sigmoidal growth model. Soil was collected from weed infested field. Allelopathic water stress (AWS) greatly reduced weed density as compared to control. Allelopathic water stress of parthenium at higher concentration (PWS-100%) reduced maize germination and affect chlorophyll content, leaf area, plant height, shoot biomass, root biomass. As at lower concentration (AWS-25% and 50%) enhance maize growth parameters. This study revealed that allelopathic water stress of parthenium at lower concentration increase maize growth and decrease a weed density up to minimum level.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83817081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v27i4.1012
Malik F. H. Ferdosi, Iqra Khan, A. Javaid, H. M. Saeed, Ifrayeem Butt, A. Munir
Bergenia ciliata is a weed of hilly areas of Pakistan that generally grows in rock crevices. In the present study, flowers of this weeds were collected from Murree. The dried flowers were extracted in methanol and subjected to GC-MS analysis that showed 7 compounds in it. The predominant compound was hexanedioic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester (48.88%) followed by γ-sitosterol (22.56%). Moderately occurring compound was cyclohexane, 1,3,5-triphenyl- (12.87%). The remaining compounds namely n-hexadecanoic acid (4.97%), pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester (3.77%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, (Z,Z)- (2.94%) and 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)- (2.92%) were categorized as less abundant compounds. Literature survey indicated that these compounds possess antimicrobial, larvicidal, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and/or antidiabetic properties.
{"title":"GC-MS ANALYSIS PROFILE AND BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS OF FLOWERS OF Bergenia ciliata, A WEED OF ROCK CREVICES","authors":"Malik F. H. Ferdosi, Iqra Khan, A. Javaid, H. M. Saeed, Ifrayeem Butt, A. Munir","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v27i4.1012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v27i4.1012","url":null,"abstract":"Bergenia ciliata is a weed of hilly areas of Pakistan that generally grows in rock crevices. In the present study, flowers of this weeds were collected from Murree. The dried flowers were extracted in methanol and subjected to GC-MS analysis that showed 7 compounds in it. The predominant compound was hexanedioic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester (48.88%) followed by γ-sitosterol (22.56%). Moderately occurring compound was cyclohexane, 1,3,5-triphenyl- (12.87%). The remaining compounds namely n-hexadecanoic acid (4.97%), pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester (3.77%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, (Z,Z)- (2.94%) and 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)- (2.92%) were categorized as less abundant compounds. Literature survey indicated that these compounds possess antimicrobial, larvicidal, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and/or antidiabetic properties.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78760520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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