Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1071
M. Afzal, Ejaz Ahmed, A. Sharif, Iqra Khan, A. Javaid
Medicinal herbs are promising source of biologically active phytochemicals, many of which possess antifungal activities against phytopathogens. This research presents in vitro antifungal activity and analysis of a medicinally important herb Centaurium erythraea Rafn extracts against a highly problematic pathogen of tomato namely Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL). In-vitro results prominently disclosed that the extracts showed good percentage growth inhibition (PGI) against FOL. Methanolic extract of C. erythraea at 200 mg mL-1 showed growth inhibition 93.3% while the synthetic fungicide benomyl showed highest growth inhibition of 90.2% at the same concentration. Phytochemical analysis indicated that methanolic extracts of this plant possess phytochemicals of all the major classes such as alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins etc. This study concludes that the extracts of C. erythraea are the best alternatives to fungicides to control Fusarium wilt pathogen of tomato.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF A MEDICINAL HERB, Centaurium erythraea","authors":"M. Afzal, Ejaz Ahmed, A. Sharif, Iqra Khan, A. Javaid","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1071","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal herbs are promising source of biologically active phytochemicals, many of which possess antifungal activities against phytopathogens. This research presents in vitro antifungal activity and analysis of a medicinally important herb Centaurium erythraea Rafn extracts against a highly problematic pathogen of tomato namely Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL). In-vitro results prominently disclosed that the extracts showed good percentage growth inhibition (PGI) against FOL. Methanolic extract of C. erythraea at 200 mg mL-1 showed growth inhibition 93.3% while the synthetic fungicide benomyl showed highest growth inhibition of 90.2% at the same concentration. Phytochemical analysis indicated that methanolic extracts of this plant possess phytochemicals of all the major classes such as alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins etc. This study concludes that the extracts of C. erythraea are the best alternatives to fungicides to control Fusarium wilt pathogen of tomato.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73029725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1058
S. Hashim, Shahida Ayub, A. Jan, M. Israr, M. A. Khan, M. Fawad
The use of medicinal plants is as ancient as human civilization. Acacia modesta is an important medicinal plant belonging to the family Fabaceae (sub family Mimosaceae). This review aims to provide adequate and latest summary of the traditional usage, phytochemistry, pharmacological and ethnobotanical profile of A. modesta. The important phyto-constituents of A. modesta comprising flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, fatty acids and polysaccharides (gums) are also highlighted. Pharmacological data on A. modesta shows significant haemagglutination, phytotoxic, insecticidal, anti-diabetic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet aggregatory, antibacterial and acetyl cholinesterase inhibitory characteristics. Furthermore, A. modesta is also widely used as fodder, fuel wood, timber, household and furniture materials. Ecological importance of the plant is also worth mentioning for its scented and colorful flowers and it serves as one of the desired plant for honey bee raring and honey production. A. modesta is an important, eco-friendly and renewable source of pharmaceuticals with a well-known therapeutic directory. Many researchers have examined its therapeutic potential and common usage through the course of this review.
{"title":"MEDICINAL PROPERTIES, PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY OF ACACIA MODESTA (Wall.)","authors":"S. Hashim, Shahida Ayub, A. Jan, M. Israr, M. A. Khan, M. Fawad","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1058","url":null,"abstract":"The use of medicinal plants is as ancient as human civilization. Acacia modesta is an important medicinal plant belonging to the family Fabaceae (sub family Mimosaceae). This review aims to provide adequate and latest summary of the traditional usage, phytochemistry, pharmacological and ethnobotanical profile of A. modesta. The important phyto-constituents of A. modesta comprising flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, fatty acids and polysaccharides (gums) are also highlighted. Pharmacological data on A. modesta shows significant haemagglutination, phytotoxic, insecticidal, anti-diabetic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet aggregatory, antibacterial and acetyl cholinesterase inhibitory characteristics. Furthermore, A. modesta is also widely used as fodder, fuel wood, timber, household and furniture materials. Ecological importance of the plant is also worth mentioning for its scented and colorful flowers and it serves as one of the desired plant for honey bee raring and honey production. A. modesta is an important, eco-friendly and renewable source of pharmaceuticals with a well-known therapeutic directory. Many researchers have examined its therapeutic potential and common usage through the course of this review.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83405364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1064
Syed Inzimam Ul Haq
As much as utility needs are increasing, environmental-risk substances like insecticides are increasing as well. To minimize their hazardous impacts, nanoparticles are nowadays biosynthesized and that converges nanotechnology and biotechnology with a positive leap. The usage persona of nanoparticles is booming quickly even within the agricultural sector. Silver (Ag) nanoparticles are postulated for improving the effectiveness of nutrient utilization in wheat plants. Wheat is globally consumed as staple food and grown for multipurpose e.g. grains, seeds and animal feed. This review article is explaining the significance of green synthesized Ag nanoparticles to boost up the nutrient use efficiency of wheat and also enhance the growth and development of plants. Biosynthetic silver nanoparticles have greatly improved numerous attributes of growth and yield, nutrient absorption and efficiency in the nutrients use of wheat crop. This review further objectifies the responses of silver nanoparticles to anti-oxidant activity of wheat crop and also check the effect of green synthesized silver nanoparticles in drought tolerance in semiarid conditions. These nanoparticles were able to excite the growth of wheat and increase its yield significantly when applied in soil with 25 ppm particle size. Handful experiments were performed on wheat to analyze the outcomes of green synthesized Ag nanoparticles on anti-antioxidant activities and this one step forward for these efforts.
{"title":"Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Anti-Oxidant Activity in Plants under Semiarid Condition; Review","authors":"Syed Inzimam Ul Haq","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1064","url":null,"abstract":"As much as utility needs are increasing, environmental-risk substances like insecticides are increasing as well. To minimize their hazardous impacts, nanoparticles are nowadays biosynthesized and that converges nanotechnology and biotechnology with a positive leap. The usage persona of nanoparticles is booming quickly even within the agricultural sector. Silver (Ag) nanoparticles are postulated for improving the effectiveness of nutrient utilization in wheat plants. Wheat is globally consumed as staple food and grown for multipurpose e.g. grains, seeds and animal feed. This review article is explaining the significance of green synthesized Ag nanoparticles to boost up the nutrient use efficiency of wheat and also enhance the growth and development of plants. Biosynthetic silver nanoparticles have greatly improved numerous attributes of growth and yield, nutrient absorption and efficiency in the nutrients use of wheat crop. This review further objectifies the responses of silver nanoparticles to anti-oxidant activity of wheat crop and also check the effect of green synthesized silver nanoparticles in drought tolerance in semiarid conditions. These nanoparticles were able to excite the growth of wheat and increase its yield significantly when applied in soil with 25 ppm particle size. Handful experiments were performed on wheat to analyze the outcomes of green synthesized Ag nanoparticles on anti-antioxidant activities and this one step forward for these efforts.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80608316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.996
L. Luqman
A survey was conducted in the month of January 2015, to record the weed density and frequency in different crops in Agriculture Research Farm. A total two farms randomly selected for the survey. The data were recorded on the density m-2and the frequency (%). Quadrate method was use for recording data. In the first field maximum value of density m-2 (93) were recorded for Cynodon dactylon while the minimum value of density m-2 (6) were recorded for the Convolvulus arvensis and Melilotus indica. Similarly the maximum value of frequency (80%) were recorded for the Cynodon dacrylon while the minimum value of frequency (20%) were recorded for the Convolvulus arvensis . In the second field the maximum value of density m-2(56) were recorded for the Euphorbia helioscopia while the minimum value of density m-2 (6) were recorded for the Silybum marianum. Similarly the maximum value of frequency (100%) were recorded for Euphorbia helioscopia while the minimum value of frequency (20%) were recorded for fumaria indica, Silybum marianum,Coronopus didymus and Sonchus olereaceus . It is concluded that the weed prevailing in an area should be identify and managed to harvest potential yields of various crops.
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF WEED DENSITY AND FREQUENCY AT DIFFERENT SITES OF AGRICULTURE RESEARCH FORM, PESHAWAR.","authors":"L. Luqman","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.996","url":null,"abstract":"A survey was conducted in the month of January 2015, to record the weed density and frequency in different crops in Agriculture Research Farm. A total two farms randomly selected for the survey. The data were recorded on the density m-2and the frequency (%). Quadrate method was use for recording data. In the first field maximum value of density m-2 (93) were recorded for Cynodon dactylon while the minimum value of density m-2 (6) were recorded for the Convolvulus arvensis and Melilotus indica. Similarly the maximum value of frequency (80%) were recorded for the Cynodon dacrylon while the minimum value of frequency (20%) were recorded for the Convolvulus arvensis . In the second field the maximum value of density m-2(56) were recorded for the Euphorbia helioscopia while the minimum value of density m-2 (6) were recorded for the Silybum marianum. Similarly the maximum value of frequency (100%) were recorded for Euphorbia helioscopia while the minimum value of frequency (20%) were recorded for fumaria indica, Silybum marianum,Coronopus didymus and Sonchus olereaceus . It is concluded that the weed prevailing in an area should be identify and managed to harvest potential yields of various crops.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74950331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1048
M. Ilyas
Aquaponics is an innovative technology and a sustainable source of organic food in agriculture that combines aquaculture (fish farming) and hydroponics (soilless plant cultivation). To determine the performance of strawberry in closed loop aquaponics system, an experiment was carried out at newly established aquaponics system at Ornamental plants nursery, Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture Peshawar in 2019.Strawberry cv. Chandler was raised from runners in peat moss and seedlings were transplanted at different times in the Aquaponics system i.e., 15th January, 15th February and 15th March. The Experiment was laid out in Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with single factor i.e. Transplantation times with five replications. The analysis of data showed that different transplantation times significantly affected the growth, yield and quality of strawberry. However transplantation of plants on 15th February, resulted in maximum number of leaves plant-1 (7.79), fresh & dry leaves weight plant-1 (29.39 & 4.04 g ), number of fruits plant-1 (20.0), fruit weight plant-1 (140 g), root length (16.69 cm) with maximum fresh & dry root weight (35.74 & 6.32 g). Whereas transplantation of strawberry plants on 15th January took maximum days (100.20) to fruit maturity and produced fruits with minimum fruit weight plant-1 (4.66).However transplantation of strawberry plants on 15th march took maximum days to first flowering (35.00) and produced minimum root length (10.51 cm). It was concluded from the results of experiment that Strawberry cv. Chandler could be transplanted in growing beds of aquaponics system on 15th February for better production under the agro-climatic conditions of Peshawar.
{"title":"PERFORMANCE OF STRAWBERRY IN A CLOSED LOOP AQUAPONICS SYSTEM","authors":"M. Ilyas","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1048","url":null,"abstract":"Aquaponics is an innovative technology and a sustainable source of organic food in agriculture that combines aquaculture (fish farming) and hydroponics (soilless plant cultivation). To determine the performance of strawberry in closed loop aquaponics system, an experiment was carried out at newly established aquaponics system at Ornamental plants nursery, Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture Peshawar in 2019.Strawberry cv. Chandler was raised from runners in peat moss and seedlings were transplanted at different times in the Aquaponics system i.e., 15th January, 15th February and 15th March. The Experiment was laid out in Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with single factor i.e. Transplantation times with five replications. The analysis of data showed that different transplantation times significantly affected the growth, yield and quality of strawberry. However transplantation of plants on 15th February, resulted in maximum number of leaves plant-1 (7.79), fresh & dry leaves weight plant-1 (29.39 & 4.04 g ), number of fruits plant-1 (20.0), fruit weight plant-1 (140 g), root length (16.69 cm) with maximum fresh & dry root weight (35.74 & 6.32 g). Whereas transplantation of strawberry plants on 15th January took maximum days (100.20) to fruit maturity and produced fruits with minimum fruit weight plant-1 (4.66).However transplantation of strawberry plants on 15th march took maximum days to first flowering (35.00) and produced minimum root length (10.51 cm). It was concluded from the results of experiment that Strawberry cv. Chandler could be transplanted in growing beds of aquaponics system on 15th February for better production under the agro-climatic conditions of Peshawar.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91205757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1044
B. Khan, R. Maqbool, M. Nadeem, I. Anwar, M. Amin
Chemical weed control method may cause environmental hazards and residual effects in crops and soil. Alternate approach to control weeds is getting attentions in sustainable production system. Use of aqueous extracts of crops is getting scientific attention as eco-friendly alternative to synthetic herbicides especially under scenario of fast increasing herbicide resistance in weeds. Therefore, the present study was conducted at Weed Science Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during winter 2018 to determine the phytotoxic effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra on winter vegetable crop Pisum sativum. The experiments were laid out under a completely randomized design (CRD), having three replicates. The experiments comprised of seven treatments with different concentrations of extract. The wood of G. glabra extracts comprised 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, and 80% concentration applied on Pisum sativum. Data on seed germination, root length, shoot length, and fresh weight of weed and pea was recorded following standard procedures. Data were analyzed using Fishers Analysis of Variance. The differences among treatments were separated using a least significant difference test (LSD). Results revealed that aqueous extracts were possessed phytotoxic chemicals that cause phytotoxic effect to P. sativum and result in maximum germination percentage (%), Mean Germination time (Days), Time to 50% germination and minimum, root length (mm), shoot length (mm), root fresh weight (mg), shoot fresh weight was recorded at 80 % concentration of G. glabra. It is concluded that there are phenolic compounds in the wood extract of G. glabra which cause allelopathic effects on P. sativum.
{"title":"EXPLORING THE PHYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF Glycyrrhiza glabra L. ON EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF Pisum sativum L.","authors":"B. Khan, R. Maqbool, M. Nadeem, I. Anwar, M. Amin","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1044","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical weed control method may cause environmental hazards and residual effects in crops and soil. Alternate approach to control weeds is getting attentions in sustainable production system. Use of aqueous extracts of crops is getting scientific attention as eco-friendly alternative to synthetic herbicides especially under scenario of fast increasing herbicide resistance in weeds. Therefore, the present study was conducted at Weed Science Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during winter 2018 to determine the phytotoxic effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra on winter vegetable crop Pisum sativum. The experiments were laid out under a completely randomized design (CRD), having three replicates. The experiments comprised of seven treatments with different concentrations of extract. The wood of G. glabra extracts comprised 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, and 80% concentration applied on Pisum sativum. Data on seed germination, root length, shoot length, and fresh weight of weed and pea was recorded following standard procedures. Data were analyzed using Fishers Analysis of Variance. The differences among treatments were separated using a least significant difference test (LSD). Results revealed that aqueous extracts were possessed phytotoxic chemicals that cause phytotoxic effect to P. sativum and result in maximum germination percentage (%), Mean Germination time (Days), Time to 50% germination and minimum, root length (mm), shoot length (mm), root fresh weight (mg), shoot fresh weight was recorded at 80 % concentration of G. glabra. It is concluded that there are phenolic compounds in the wood extract of G. glabra which cause allelopathic effects on P. sativum.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86663672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v28i2.1039
M. N. Kandhro, Ghulam Mujtaba Jamro, P. Shah, S. A. Channa
With growing concern towards human health and ecological concerns related to prolonged use of herbicides, research is undergoing globally for alternate weed managing methods. Allelopathy is one of the very efficient methods for management of weeds. Experiment was conducted during 2016 & repeated in 2017 under laboratory conditions in Kharif (summer) season using completely randomized design for allelopathic potential assessment of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) with 03 replicates. The treatments under study comprised: control (check), bermudagrass & sorghum root & shoot powders @ 15 and 30 g kg-1 soil as well as water extracts @ 15 and 30 ml kg-1 soil. It is obvious from the present data that allelopathic plants powders & water extracts caused significant adverse effects on tested weeds i.e. Sawari (Echinochloa colonum L.), Saon (Echinochloaa crusgalli L.) and Kabah (Cyperus rotundus L.). Bermuda grass and sorghum water extracts exhibited strong allelopathic efficacy on germination, roots & shoots length, as well as fresh & dry biological weight of weeds included under study. It is further argued that greater inhibitory effects on weeds were caused by extracts prepared from bermudagrass and sorghum in comparison with their powders. Hence, it is evident from the results that bermudagrass & sorghum materials possess phytotoxic potential which can suppress growth of target plant. This allelopathic herbage could be utilized by soil incorporation or extract for weed management in rice as environment friendly strategy.
{"title":"BIOASSAY OF ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF BERMUDAGRASS AND SORGHUM ON GERMINATION AND RELATED TRAITS OF WEEDS ASSOCIATED WITH RICE","authors":"M. N. Kandhro, Ghulam Mujtaba Jamro, P. Shah, S. A. Channa","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v28i2.1039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v28i2.1039","url":null,"abstract":"With growing concern towards human health and ecological concerns related to prolonged use of herbicides, research is undergoing globally for alternate weed managing methods. Allelopathy is one of the very efficient methods for management of weeds. Experiment was conducted during 2016 & repeated in 2017 under laboratory conditions in Kharif (summer) season using completely randomized design for allelopathic potential assessment of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) with 03 replicates. The treatments under study comprised: control (check), bermudagrass & sorghum root & shoot powders @ 15 and 30 g kg-1 soil as well as water extracts @ 15 and 30 ml kg-1 soil. It is obvious from the present data that allelopathic plants powders & water extracts caused significant adverse effects on tested weeds i.e. Sawari (Echinochloa colonum L.), Saon (Echinochloaa crusgalli L.) and Kabah (Cyperus rotundus L.). Bermuda grass and sorghum water extracts exhibited strong allelopathic efficacy on germination, roots & shoots length, as well as fresh & dry biological weight of weeds included under study. It is further argued that greater inhibitory effects on weeds were caused by extracts prepared from bermudagrass and sorghum in comparison with their powders. Hence, it is evident from the results that bermudagrass & sorghum materials possess phytotoxic potential which can suppress growth of target plant. This allelopathic herbage could be utilized by soil incorporation or extract for weed management in rice as environment friendly strategy.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73384853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v28i2.1042
M. Balah, G. Ibrahim, Khalid A. Abou-zied
Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. is an invasive perennial weed that causes a high degree of loss in crops productivity, and it is difficult to control. Therefore, some experiments were conducted to optimize the efficacy of the used herbicides via some additives and other herbicides against S. elaeagnifolium. In the fig fields, the efficacy of glyphosate showed better control when applied with additives and other herbicides that could be ranked as follows; fluroxypyr ≥ pyraflufen-ethyl ≥ metribazine ≥ bromoxynil-octanoate. Applied glyphosate with additives can sever as a substitute to other herbicides combination in the early growth to give a better weed control, while glyphosate with pyraflufen-ethyl, fluroxypyr, and metrabzine in the presence of additives delayed the revegetation times of weed from 70 up to 85 days. Application in August was proved to reduce the fruiting and subsequently their future infection of S. elaeagnifolium. Accordingly, these mixtures of herbicides led to remarkable timing reduction effects in soil microbe’s counts and activity diminished within four weeks after application whereas, fungi were the most restrained microorganisms to herbicides treatments. Among the selective herbicides, pyraflufen-ethyl, and fluroxypyr could be used to suppress the weed growth in the emergency of growing Triticum aestivum and Zea mays respectively. Finally, promoting the effectiveness of the herbicides was profitable by choosing the proper time of application and the suitable mixtures, thus must be devoted to integrated program for better weeds control.
{"title":"INVASIVE Solanum elaeagnifolium CAV. WEED CHEMICAL CONTROL WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ADDITIVES","authors":"M. Balah, G. Ibrahim, Khalid A. Abou-zied","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v28i2.1042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v28i2.1042","url":null,"abstract":"Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. is an invasive perennial weed that causes a high degree of loss in crops productivity, and it is difficult to control. Therefore, some experiments were conducted to optimize the efficacy of the used herbicides via some additives and other herbicides against S. elaeagnifolium. In the fig fields, the efficacy of glyphosate showed better control when applied with additives and other herbicides that could be ranked as follows; fluroxypyr ≥ pyraflufen-ethyl ≥ metribazine ≥ bromoxynil-octanoate. Applied glyphosate with additives can sever as a substitute to other herbicides combination in the early growth to give a better weed control, while glyphosate with pyraflufen-ethyl, fluroxypyr, and metrabzine in the presence of additives delayed the revegetation times of weed from 70 up to 85 days. Application in August was proved to reduce the fruiting and subsequently their future infection of S. elaeagnifolium. Accordingly, these mixtures of herbicides led to remarkable timing reduction effects in soil microbe’s counts and activity diminished within four weeks after application whereas, fungi were the most restrained microorganisms to herbicides treatments. Among the selective herbicides, pyraflufen-ethyl, and fluroxypyr could be used to suppress the weed growth in the emergency of growing Triticum aestivum and Zea mays respectively. Finally, promoting the effectiveness of the herbicides was profitable by choosing the proper time of application and the suitable mixtures, thus must be devoted to integrated program for better weeds control.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85776764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v28i2.1001
A. Hazrat
Abstract In current study a new species Clitopilus shanglayensis (Entolomatacesae, Agaricales) was reported based on morphological and molecular confirmation from northern region of Pakistan. Morphological parameters which differ the species from other species include white yellowish pileus (05-06 cm wide), light brown stipe and pale yellowish lamella. The fungal molecular markers nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and larger subunits (LSU) were sequenced and used for phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic analysis based on ITS and LSU sequences by using Maximum Likelihood method (ML) revealed that the novel species reported from current study had distinct characteristics features than other species. A complete detail description, color photographs and evolutionary relatedness of novel species Clitopilus shanglayensis were mentioned. Keywords: Agaricales, Clitopilus, Entolomatacesae, Molecular, Phylogenetic analysis,
{"title":"Fungi A NEW SPECIES OF Clitopilus Shanglayensis (ENTOLOMATACESAE, AGARICALES) REPORTED FROM KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN","authors":"A. Hazrat","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v28i2.1001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v28i2.1001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In current study a new species Clitopilus shanglayensis (Entolomatacesae, Agaricales) was reported based on morphological and molecular confirmation from northern region of Pakistan. Morphological parameters which differ the species from other species include white yellowish pileus (05-06 cm wide), light brown stipe and pale yellowish lamella. The fungal molecular markers nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and larger subunits (LSU) were sequenced and used for phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic analysis based on ITS and LSU sequences by using Maximum Likelihood method (ML) revealed that the novel species reported from current study had distinct characteristics features than other species. A complete detail description, color photographs and evolutionary relatedness of novel species Clitopilus shanglayensis were mentioned. Keywords: Agaricales, Clitopilus, Entolomatacesae, Molecular, Phylogenetic analysis, ","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84113261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v28i2.1046
Amjad Usman
Experiment on the evaluation of different biorational pest management approaches against major insect pest of cucumber was carried out under field condition at Hazara Agriculture Reseach Station (HARS) Abbottabad, Khyber Pukhtunkhawa- Pakistan. The experiment comprised of 11 treatments (modules) including control. M1 (Water pepper + Bakyan + Laser), M2 (Basil oil + Neem oil + laser), M3 (Bakyan extract + Basil oil + Laser), M4 (Bakyan extracts + Neem oil + Laser), M5 (Water pepper + Neem oil + Laser), M6 (Water pepper + Basil oil + Laser), M7 (Lambda cyhalonthrin + Neem oil + laser), M8 (Lambda cyhalonthrin + Basil oil + laser), M9 (Lambda cyhalonthrin + water pepper + Laser), M10 (Lambda cyhalonthrin + Bakyan + Laser) and M11 (Control) followed Randomize Complete Block Design with three replications. Results revealed that all the tested modules were found better than control in reducing red pumpkin beetle and fruitfly infestation with increased cucumber yield. However, among the tested modules, Lambda cyhalothrin based modules were found the most effective in reducing Red pumpkin beetle population in 1st (1.14-1.44 beetle plant-1) and 2nd spray application (0.72 -1.06 beetle plant-1) with lowest number of infested leaves and leaf perforation by red pumpkin beetle (3.76-4.06) and (2.86- 3.20) respectively. Results further revealed that Lambda cyhalothrine based modules were recorded with lowest fruit fly infestation (8.79 – 10.04 %), with lowest fruit fly ovipositor marks (0.76- 0.86) and highest cucumber yield (7955.6 – 8622 kg ha-1) and hence consequently led towards the improved quality of the cucumber. Furthermore, M5 (Water pepper + Basil oil + Laser) and M4 (Bakyan extracts + Neem oil + Laser) were found the most cost effective modules having the highest cost benefit ratio (1:26.75 and 1:25.21) respectively. It is concluded that red pumpkin beetle and fruit fly can better be managed by spraying Lamda cyhalothirn and 2nd spray of tested botanical and 3rd spray of Laser at 14 days interval is recommended for sustainable management of major insect pest of cucumber.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT BIORATIONAL PEST MANAGEMENT APPROACHES FOR THE MANAGEMENT RED PUMPKIN BEETLE (Aulacophora foveicollis Lucas) AND FRUIT FLY (Bactocera cucurbitae) IN CUCUMBER CROP AND THEIR ECONOMIC ANALYSIS","authors":"Amjad Usman","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v28i2.1046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v28i2.1046","url":null,"abstract":"Experiment on the evaluation of different biorational pest management approaches against major insect pest of cucumber was carried out under field condition at Hazara Agriculture Reseach Station (HARS) Abbottabad, Khyber Pukhtunkhawa- Pakistan. The experiment comprised of 11 treatments (modules) including control. M1 (Water pepper + Bakyan + Laser), M2 (Basil oil + Neem oil + laser), M3 (Bakyan extract + Basil oil + Laser), M4 (Bakyan extracts + Neem oil + Laser), M5 (Water pepper + Neem oil + Laser), M6 (Water pepper + Basil oil + Laser), M7 (Lambda cyhalonthrin + Neem oil + laser), M8 (Lambda cyhalonthrin + Basil oil + laser), M9 (Lambda cyhalonthrin + water pepper + Laser), M10 (Lambda cyhalonthrin + Bakyan + Laser) and M11 (Control) followed Randomize Complete Block Design with three replications. Results revealed that all the tested modules were found better than control in reducing red pumpkin beetle and fruitfly infestation with increased cucumber yield. However, among the tested modules, Lambda cyhalothrin based modules were found the most effective in reducing Red pumpkin beetle population in 1st (1.14-1.44 beetle plant-1) and 2nd spray application (0.72 -1.06 beetle plant-1) with lowest number of infested leaves and leaf perforation by red pumpkin beetle (3.76-4.06) and (2.86- 3.20) respectively. Results further revealed that Lambda cyhalothrine based modules were recorded with lowest fruit fly infestation (8.79 – 10.04 %), with lowest fruit fly ovipositor marks (0.76- 0.86) and highest cucumber yield (7955.6 – 8622 kg ha-1) and hence consequently led towards the improved quality of the cucumber. Furthermore, M5 (Water pepper + Basil oil + Laser) and M4 (Bakyan extracts + Neem oil + Laser) were found the most cost effective modules having the highest cost benefit ratio (1:26.75 and 1:25.21) respectively. It is concluded that red pumpkin beetle and fruit fly can better be managed by spraying Lamda cyhalothirn and 2nd spray of tested botanical and 3rd spray of Laser at 14 days interval is recommended for sustainable management of major insect pest of cucumber. ","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88224926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：