Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2157-7552.1000218
Eugene C. Bwalya, Sangho Kim, Jing Fang, H. S. Wijekoon, K. Hosoya, M. Okumura
Autologous chondrocyte transplantation is a promising option for the repair of isolated osteoarthritic cartilage lesions that requires isolation and expansion of chondrocytes from a small cartilage biopsy prior to implantation. However, when cultured in vitro, chondrocytes lose their stable phenotype and dedifferentiate to fibroblastic-like cells. The study investigated the potential of pentosan polysulfate (PPS) sodium to restore the phenotype of dedifferentiated monolayer articular chondrocytes. Canine articular chondrocytes isolated from four cartilage samples were culture expanded to establish primary culture. First passage chondrocytes were cultured as alginate beads for 18 days under normoxia in PPS concentrations of 0, 1, 5, 15 and 40 μg/mL in 20% DMEM. Effect of PPS on type I, II and X collagen, aggrecan and Runx2 gene expression were evaluated by real-time PCR. Runx2, HIF-1α and HIF-2α protein expression were evaluated by Western blot and proteoglycan deposition was determined by Alcian blue stain. Dedifferentiated chondrocytes fully retained their phenotype as evidenced by increased synthesis of cartilage-specific genes, type II collagen and aggrecan mRNA with complete suppression of type I and X collagen at PPS concentrations of 15 and 40 μg/mL. Compared to the control, type II collagen and aggrecan mRNA were significantly upregulated (P<0.05) at 5, 15 and 40 μg/mL and 5 and 15 μg/mL PPS, respectively. PPS significantly enhanced proteoglycan with peak deposition at 5 μg/mL compared to control. HIF-1α and HIF-2α proteins were detectable at protein level for the first time under normoxia condition in alginate culture. The study demonstrates for the first time the restoration of dedifferentiated canine articular chondrocytes phenotype by combining alginate encapsulation with culture in PPS without the addition of known chondrocytic growth factors. The study confirms PPS as novel chondroinductive factor with potential to offer a solution to the major challenges that exist in cartilage tissue engineering.
{"title":"Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium Restores the Phenotype of Dedifferentiated Monolayer Canine Articular Chondrocytes Cultured in Alginate Beads","authors":"Eugene C. Bwalya, Sangho Kim, Jing Fang, H. S. Wijekoon, K. Hosoya, M. Okumura","doi":"10.4172/2157-7552.1000218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7552.1000218","url":null,"abstract":"Autologous chondrocyte transplantation is a promising option for the repair of isolated osteoarthritic cartilage lesions that requires isolation and expansion of chondrocytes from a small cartilage biopsy prior to implantation. However, when cultured in vitro, chondrocytes lose their stable phenotype and dedifferentiate to fibroblastic-like cells. The study investigated the potential of pentosan polysulfate (PPS) sodium to restore the phenotype of dedifferentiated monolayer articular chondrocytes. Canine articular chondrocytes isolated from four cartilage samples were culture expanded to establish primary culture. First passage chondrocytes were cultured as alginate beads for 18 days under normoxia in PPS concentrations of 0, 1, 5, 15 and 40 μg/mL in 20% DMEM. Effect of PPS on type I, II and X collagen, aggrecan and Runx2 gene expression were evaluated by real-time PCR. Runx2, HIF-1α and HIF-2α protein expression were evaluated by Western blot and proteoglycan deposition was determined by Alcian blue stain. Dedifferentiated chondrocytes fully retained their phenotype as evidenced by increased synthesis of cartilage-specific genes, type II collagen and aggrecan mRNA with complete suppression of type I and X collagen at PPS concentrations of 15 and 40 μg/mL. Compared to the control, type II collagen and aggrecan mRNA were significantly upregulated (P<0.05) at 5, 15 and 40 μg/mL and 5 and 15 μg/mL PPS, respectively. PPS significantly enhanced proteoglycan with peak deposition at 5 μg/mL compared to control. HIF-1α and HIF-2α proteins were detectable at protein level for the first time under normoxia condition in alginate culture. The study demonstrates for the first time the restoration of dedifferentiated canine articular chondrocytes phenotype by combining alginate encapsulation with culture in PPS without the addition of known chondrocytic growth factors. The study confirms PPS as novel chondroinductive factor with potential to offer a solution to the major challenges that exist in cartilage tissue engineering.","PeriodicalId":17539,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tissue Science and Engineering","volume":"27 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88788125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-17DOI: 10.4172/2157-7552.1000213
L. Pučar, A. Kovač, D. Detel, S. Buljevic, E. Pugel, J. Varljen
Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV or molecule CD26 (DPP IV/CD26) is a multifunctional protein, identified as a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes, due to its ability to degrade incretins, insulin secretagogues. Delayed wound healing is a significant complication in diabetic patients that represents a major socio-economic health problem. It has been proposed that DPP IV/CD26 inhibition accelerates healing of chronic diabetic ulcers in those patients, through the induction of a histological pattern consistent with enhanced angiogenesis. Studies on mice models of diabetesdisturbed wound healing also suggested that the inhibition of DPP IV enzymatic activity may improve tissue regeneration processes. However, further research is needed to elucidate the role of DPP IV/CD26 in diabetic wound healing. The objective of this work was to discuss recent findings on the implications of DPP IV/CD26 in tissue regeneration and reparation in diabetic environment.
{"title":"Wound Healing Process, Diabetes and Implications of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP IV/CD26","authors":"L. Pučar, A. Kovač, D. Detel, S. Buljevic, E. Pugel, J. Varljen","doi":"10.4172/2157-7552.1000213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7552.1000213","url":null,"abstract":"Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV or molecule CD26 (DPP IV/CD26) is a multifunctional protein, identified as a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes, due to its ability to degrade incretins, insulin secretagogues. Delayed wound healing is a significant complication in diabetic patients that represents a major socio-economic health problem. It has been proposed that DPP IV/CD26 inhibition accelerates healing of chronic diabetic ulcers in those patients, through the induction of a histological pattern consistent with enhanced angiogenesis. Studies on mice models of diabetesdisturbed wound healing also suggested that the inhibition of DPP IV enzymatic activity may improve tissue regeneration processes. However, further research is needed to elucidate the role of DPP IV/CD26 in diabetic wound healing. The objective of this work was to discuss recent findings on the implications of DPP IV/CD26 in tissue regeneration and reparation in diabetic environment.","PeriodicalId":17539,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tissue Science and Engineering","volume":"116 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77715473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-28DOI: 10.4172/2157-7552.1000210
Berivan Çeçen, leyla didem kozaci, M. Yüksel, Aylin Kara, N. Ersoy, A. Bağriyanik, H. Havitcioglu
Research of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine continues to develop advanced materials that can better mimic the significant architecture and functional properties of native tissues. Treatment of osteochondral injuries by using scaffolds contains the problem of fixation and integration of the engineered tissue to the surrounding one. Therefore, tissue engineered osteochondral graft design must be directed not only to the injured cartilage but also to the subchondral bone for a sufficient osteochondral repair and integration of the neo-cartilage into the osseous surrounding. In this study, we produced a bilayer scaffold and investigated the ability of co-cultures of chondrocytes and osteoblasts to repair articular cartilage in osteochondral defects. For this purpose, fibrin glued loofah+PLLA+cellulose scaffold with MG-63 cells and loofah+PLLA+chitin scaffold with SW-1353 cells were used to promote bone and cartilage regeneration, respectively. Viability tests and morphology images indicated that this bilayer scaffold had good affinity for osteoblast and chondrocytes cells, encouraging their growth, proliferation and attachment. Histological and immune-histochemical staining analyses confirmed that loofah bilayer scaffolds provided a good support for the cells. Based on the preliminary results in vitro, we suggest that the integrated bilayer scaffold consisting of loofah+PLLA+cellulose and loofah+PLLA+chitin, has potential use to repair osteochondral defects, either upon cellular implantation and/or in acellular form.
{"title":"Two Layered Scaffolds (Loofah/PLLA/Cellulose/Chitin) for Repair of Osteochondral Defect","authors":"Berivan Çeçen, leyla didem kozaci, M. Yüksel, Aylin Kara, N. Ersoy, A. Bağriyanik, H. Havitcioglu","doi":"10.4172/2157-7552.1000210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7552.1000210","url":null,"abstract":"Research of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine continues to develop advanced materials that can better mimic the significant architecture and functional properties of native tissues. Treatment of osteochondral injuries by using scaffolds contains the problem of fixation and integration of the engineered tissue to the surrounding one. Therefore, tissue engineered osteochondral graft design must be directed not only to the injured cartilage but also to the subchondral bone for a sufficient osteochondral repair and integration of the neo-cartilage into the osseous surrounding. In this study, we produced a bilayer scaffold and investigated the ability of co-cultures of chondrocytes and osteoblasts to repair articular cartilage in osteochondral defects. For this purpose, fibrin glued loofah+PLLA+cellulose scaffold with MG-63 cells and loofah+PLLA+chitin scaffold with SW-1353 cells were used to promote bone and cartilage regeneration, respectively. Viability tests and morphology images indicated that this bilayer scaffold had good affinity for osteoblast and chondrocytes cells, encouraging their growth, proliferation and attachment. Histological and immune-histochemical staining analyses confirmed that loofah bilayer scaffolds provided a good support for the cells. Based on the preliminary results in vitro, we suggest that the integrated bilayer scaffold consisting of loofah+PLLA+cellulose and loofah+PLLA+chitin, has potential use to repair osteochondral defects, either upon cellular implantation and/or in acellular form.","PeriodicalId":17539,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tissue Science and Engineering","volume":"216 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74713203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-25DOI: 10.4172/2157-7552.1000211
H. Ramakrishna, Tieshi Li, T. He, Joseph D. Temple, M. King, A. Spagnoli
Tendons play an important role in transferring stress between muscles and bones and in maintaining joint stability. Tendon tears are difficult to heal, and are associated with high recurrence rates. So the objective of this study was to develop a biodegradable scaffold for tendon-bone junction regeneration. Two types of polylactic acid (PLA) yarns, having fibers with round and four deep grooved cross-sections, were braided into tubular scaffolds and cultured with murine TGF-β Type II receptor (TGFBR2)-expressing joint progenitor cells. The scaffolds were designed to mimic the mechanical, immuno-chemical and biological properties of natural mouse tendon-bone junctions. Three different tubular scaffolds measuring 2 mm in diameter were braided on a Steeger 16-spindle braiding machine using these PLA yarns. The three different scaffold structures were: 1) PLA hollow tube using round fibers, 2) PLA hollow tube using grooved and round fibers, and 3) PLA multicomponent tube containing round fibers in the sheath and grooved core fibers inserted within the lumen. The dynamic tensile strength and initial Young’s modulus of the three scaffolds were monitored on an Instron mechanical tester, and cell attachment, viability, proliferation and migration were measured at different time points. The three different braided structures provided a wide range of mechanical properties that mimicked the various zones of the tendon bone junction. The biological tests confirmed that cell viability, attachment and proliferation occurred throughout all three scaffolds, indicating that they have the potential to be used as scaffolds for the regeneration of a tendon bone tissue junction.
{"title":"Multiphase Biodegradable Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering a Tendon-Bone Junction","authors":"H. Ramakrishna, Tieshi Li, T. He, Joseph D. Temple, M. King, A. Spagnoli","doi":"10.4172/2157-7552.1000211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7552.1000211","url":null,"abstract":"Tendons play an important role in transferring stress between muscles and bones and in maintaining joint stability. Tendon tears are difficult to heal, and are associated with high recurrence rates. So the objective of this study was to develop a biodegradable scaffold for tendon-bone junction regeneration. Two types of polylactic acid (PLA) yarns, having fibers with round and four deep grooved cross-sections, were braided into tubular scaffolds and cultured with murine TGF-β Type II receptor (TGFBR2)-expressing joint progenitor cells. The scaffolds were designed to mimic the mechanical, immuno-chemical and biological properties of natural mouse tendon-bone junctions. Three different tubular scaffolds measuring 2 mm in diameter were braided on a Steeger 16-spindle braiding machine using these PLA yarns. The three different scaffold structures were: 1) PLA hollow tube using round fibers, 2) PLA hollow tube using grooved and round fibers, and 3) PLA multicomponent tube containing round fibers in the sheath and grooved core fibers inserted within the lumen. The dynamic tensile strength and initial Young’s modulus of the three scaffolds were monitored on an Instron mechanical tester, and cell attachment, viability, proliferation and migration were measured at different time points. The three different braided structures provided a wide range of mechanical properties that mimicked the various zones of the tendon bone junction. The biological tests confirmed that cell viability, attachment and proliferation occurred throughout all three scaffolds, indicating that they have the potential to be used as scaffolds for the regeneration of a tendon bone tissue junction.","PeriodicalId":17539,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tissue Science and Engineering","volume":"64 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80194993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-15DOI: 10.4172/2157-7552.1000208
C. Mahakalkar, S. Shrivastava, A. Gupta, S. Naik, Meghali N. Kaple, K. Chandanwale
Platelet rich plasma (PRP) therapy is one of the biological interventions in regenerative medicine with a sure success in clinical translations of wound healing. Platelet rich plasma is an autologous plasma fraction of peripheral blood and it’s the simplest intervention of regenerative medicine. It is rapidly extending to multiple clinical fields because of its easy use and biosafety which facilitates translation in humans. The biggest advantage over other therapies is it’s being autologous, no adverse events or reactions are encountered. The economic as well as social burden caused due to chronic and degenerative disease is well cared by this autologous therapy. The clinical applications have proven its efficacy and efficiency in healing all types of wounds. The microscopic and histopathological changes in the tissues after PRP therapy are described in this article. The changes in the tissues have evoked the transformation from fibrosis led healing to collagen led healing; a bioengineered mechanism of PRP led regeneration of wounds.
{"title":"Bio-Engineering of Wounds by PRP Led Regeneration","authors":"C. Mahakalkar, S. Shrivastava, A. Gupta, S. Naik, Meghali N. Kaple, K. Chandanwale","doi":"10.4172/2157-7552.1000208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7552.1000208","url":null,"abstract":"Platelet rich plasma (PRP) therapy is one of the biological interventions in regenerative medicine with a sure success in clinical translations of wound healing. Platelet rich plasma is an autologous plasma fraction of peripheral blood and it’s the simplest intervention of regenerative medicine. It is rapidly extending to multiple clinical fields because of its easy use and biosafety which facilitates translation in humans. The biggest advantage over other therapies is it’s being autologous, no adverse events or reactions are encountered. The economic as well as social burden caused due to chronic and degenerative disease is well cared by this autologous therapy. The clinical applications have proven its efficacy and efficiency in healing all types of wounds. The microscopic and histopathological changes in the tissues after PRP therapy are described in this article. The changes in the tissues have evoked the transformation from fibrosis led healing to collagen led healing; a bioengineered mechanism of PRP led regeneration of wounds.","PeriodicalId":17539,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tissue Science and Engineering","volume":"58 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88665013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-13DOI: 10.4172/2157-7552.1000209
R. Upadhyay
Present review article describes main causes of chronic kidney disease a major health problem public health problem round the globe. Disease has multiple etiologies related to sequential pathophysiological stages. It has major concern with chronic changes in renal structure and that severely alter glomerular filtration rate in patients. This article explains CKD biomarkers in brief i.e. serum creatinine, periostin, a matricellular protein discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1), a transmembrane collagen receptor of the tyrosine kinase family, Phospholipase D4 (PLD4) renal biomarkers, metabolic biomarkers. The main focus was given on use of nanoparticles for CKD therapeutics. This article describes various metal and metal oxide nanaoparticles, such as cuprous oxide (CONPs), super paramagnetic iron oxide (new SPIO) nanoparticles, silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticle, Vanadium oxide nanoparticles (VONPs, Titanium dioxide and gold, calcifying nanoparticles, colloidal protein-mineral nanoparticles, Liposomal nanoparticles, MITO-Porter, SB-coated NPs, ASc-loaded polymeric nanoparticles, Carbon-coated iron nanocrystal, Nanodiamonds, Sodium-PLGA hybrid nanoparticles, Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted chitosan (CS) nanoparticles, Photocaged nanoparticles, Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs Quantum dots (QDs) which are used for drug delivery patients. For successful management of disease progression of diseases, symptoms should analyze by good physician at an eerily stage, by using highly efficacious, sensitive and specific CKD markers. All factors must include knowing the status of disease and chemotherapeutics by using low toxic nanoparticles. Before being used nanoparticles should evaluate in experiment animal models. For future therapeutics metabolomics, kidney transplants and good wound healers are required.
{"title":"Chronic Kidney Diseases and Nanoparticle Therapeutics","authors":"R. Upadhyay","doi":"10.4172/2157-7552.1000209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7552.1000209","url":null,"abstract":"Present review article describes main causes of chronic kidney disease a major health problem public health problem round the globe. Disease has multiple etiologies related to sequential pathophysiological stages. It has major concern with chronic changes in renal structure and that severely alter glomerular filtration rate in patients. This article explains CKD biomarkers in brief i.e. serum creatinine, periostin, a matricellular protein discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1), a transmembrane collagen receptor of the tyrosine kinase family, Phospholipase D4 (PLD4) renal biomarkers, metabolic biomarkers. The main focus was given on use of nanoparticles for CKD therapeutics. This article describes various metal and metal oxide nanaoparticles, such as cuprous oxide (CONPs), super paramagnetic iron oxide (new SPIO) nanoparticles, silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticle, Vanadium oxide nanoparticles (VONPs, Titanium dioxide and gold, calcifying nanoparticles, colloidal protein-mineral nanoparticles, Liposomal nanoparticles, MITO-Porter, SB-coated NPs, ASc-loaded polymeric nanoparticles, Carbon-coated iron nanocrystal, Nanodiamonds, Sodium-PLGA hybrid nanoparticles, Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted chitosan (CS) nanoparticles, Photocaged nanoparticles, Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs Quantum dots (QDs) which are used for drug delivery patients. For successful management of disease progression of diseases, symptoms should analyze by good physician at an eerily stage, by using highly efficacious, sensitive and specific CKD markers. All factors must include knowing the status of disease and chemotherapeutics by using low toxic nanoparticles. Before being used nanoparticles should evaluate in experiment animal models. For future therapeutics metabolomics, kidney transplants and good wound healers are required.","PeriodicalId":17539,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tissue Science and Engineering","volume":"69 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88800296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-07DOI: 10.4172/2157-7552.1000207
N. Khan
Foeniculum vulgare belongs to family Apiaceae and is also called by the name of fennel. Agar disc diffusion method was used to determine the antifungal activity of its seed extracts in water and methanol against a number of pathogenic fungi. Methanolic extract of fennel seeds was less effective against test fungi as compared to its aqueous extract. However in case of Candida species, both types of extracts were found to be effective.
{"title":"Antifungal Potency of Foeniculum vulgare Seed Extract","authors":"N. Khan","doi":"10.4172/2157-7552.1000207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7552.1000207","url":null,"abstract":"Foeniculum vulgare belongs to family Apiaceae and is also called by the name of fennel. Agar disc diffusion method was used to determine the antifungal activity of its seed extracts in water and methanol against a number of pathogenic fungi. Methanolic extract of fennel seeds was less effective against test fungi as compared to its aqueous extract. However in case of Candida species, both types of extracts were found to be effective.","PeriodicalId":17539,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tissue Science and Engineering","volume":"163 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84975056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-03DOI: 10.4172/2157-7552.1000195
S. Yadav
Nanotechnology is one of the most promising tools for the current revolution in agri-food sector. Nanotechnology approaches provide novel and innovative ways to improve crop yield and to reduce the use of harmful crop protection agents. Nanotechnology can be useful for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance of plants, lesser use of pesticides/insecticides/herbicides, nanosensors for crop protection from bacteria, disease treatment, pest control management and genetic manipulations by nano delivery vehicles. Also, nanotechnology has great advantages in food sector like detection of pesticides/toxicants in food items, development of food storage and packaging materials, enhancement of shelf life of foods, nanoencapsulation of food nutraceuticals or bioactive molecules, detection of pathogens in food materials, enhancement of food taste, color and odour. Above all, safety concerns regarding the use of nanomaterials should be of priority before their exploration for positive impact on agriculture and food.
{"title":"Realizing the Potential of Nanotechnology for Agriculture and Food Technology","authors":"S. Yadav","doi":"10.4172/2157-7552.1000195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7552.1000195","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology is one of the most promising tools for the current revolution in agri-food sector. Nanotechnology approaches provide novel and innovative ways to improve crop yield and to reduce the use of harmful crop protection agents. Nanotechnology can be useful for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance of plants, lesser use of pesticides/insecticides/herbicides, nanosensors for crop protection from bacteria, disease treatment, pest control management and genetic manipulations by nano delivery vehicles. Also, nanotechnology has great advantages in food sector like detection of pesticides/toxicants in food items, development of food storage and packaging materials, enhancement of shelf life of foods, nanoencapsulation of food nutraceuticals or bioactive molecules, detection of pathogens in food materials, enhancement of food taste, color and odour. Above all, safety concerns regarding the use of nanomaterials should be of priority before their exploration for positive impact on agriculture and food.","PeriodicalId":17539,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tissue Science and Engineering","volume":"65 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90273776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-22DOI: 10.4172/2157-7552.1000204
J. Yokawa, C. Nakanishi, Masayuki Mori, K. Sakata, H. Okada, M. Shimojima, S. Yoshida, K. Hayashi, M. Yamagishi, M. Kawashiri
Background: Endocardial infusion is a minimally invasive procedure for cell delivery with good selectivity to the target region. However, certain limitations to current devices could affect the precision of the procedure and the therapeutic outcome. Therefore, we developed an enhanced device for transendocardial cell infusion. Methods and Results: Our device is based on an electrode-guided transendocardial bidirectional 75 cm long catheter and 0.5 mm diameter inner needle. The key advantages of our device are the slender catheter diameter (7 Fr), consistent needle tip length, regulation of the catheter angle and independence between the needle and catheter. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were obtained from the inguinal adipose tissue of six healthy swine and propagated through 2-3 passages. Using the catheter, pre-labeled MSCs were infused autogenously into the swine hearts. The MSCs-infused myocardial regions were harvested on the infusion day (day 0) or 2 days later, and histological analysis was performed. The MSCs were successfully infused into all six swine myocardia and distributed along the hole made by the needle. The spread area of MSCs was larger at 2 days after infusion than at day 0 (1.38 ± 0.26 vs. 0.51 ± 0.17 mm2/infusion, p=0.013). No complications occurred during the procedure, such as cardiac tamponade or arrhythmia. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that our enhanced device could be useful for delivering cells into the myocardium.
背景:心内膜输注是一种微创的细胞递送方法，对靶区有良好的选择性。然而，当前设备的某些限制可能会影响手术的精度和治疗结果。因此，我们开发了一种经心内膜细胞输注的增强装置。方法和结果:我们的装置是基于电极引导的经心内膜双向75 cm长导管和0.5 mm直径的内针。我们的设备的主要优点是导管直径细长(7fr)，针尖长度一致，导管角度调节，针和导管之间独立。从6只健康猪的腹股沟脂肪组织中获得间充质干细胞(MSCs)，并通过2-3传代进行增殖。利用导管，将预先标记的间充质干细胞自体注入猪心脏。在输注第0天或2天后采集骨髓间充质干细胞灌注心肌区域，并进行组织学分析。骨髓间充质干细胞成功注入6块猪心肌，并沿针孔分布。注射后第2天MSCs的扩散面积大于第0天(1.38±0.26 vs 0.51±0.17 mm2/次，p=0.013)。术中未发生心包填塞、心律失常等并发症。结论:该装置可用于将细胞送入心肌。
{"title":"Enhanced Device for Cell Delivery to the Myocardium: Validation in Swine Hearts","authors":"J. Yokawa, C. Nakanishi, Masayuki Mori, K. Sakata, H. Okada, M. Shimojima, S. Yoshida, K. Hayashi, M. Yamagishi, M. Kawashiri","doi":"10.4172/2157-7552.1000204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7552.1000204","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Endocardial infusion is a minimally invasive procedure for cell delivery with good selectivity to the target region. However, certain limitations to current devices could affect the precision of the procedure and the therapeutic outcome. Therefore, we developed an enhanced device for transendocardial cell infusion. Methods and Results: Our device is based on an electrode-guided transendocardial bidirectional 75 cm long catheter and 0.5 mm diameter inner needle. The key advantages of our device are the slender catheter diameter (7 Fr), consistent needle tip length, regulation of the catheter angle and independence between the needle and catheter. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were obtained from the inguinal adipose tissue of six healthy swine and propagated through 2-3 passages. Using the catheter, pre-labeled MSCs were infused autogenously into the swine hearts. The MSCs-infused myocardial regions were harvested on the infusion day (day 0) or 2 days later, and histological analysis was performed. The MSCs were successfully infused into all six swine myocardia and distributed along the hole made by the needle. The spread area of MSCs was larger at 2 days after infusion than at day 0 (1.38 ± 0.26 vs. 0.51 ± 0.17 mm2/infusion, p=0.013). No complications occurred during the procedure, such as cardiac tamponade or arrhythmia. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that our enhanced device could be useful for delivering cells into the myocardium.","PeriodicalId":17539,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tissue Science and Engineering","volume":"42 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76215354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-18DOI: 10.4172/2157-7552.1000203
B. Hiemer, Martin Krogull, K. Er, C. Grüttner, P. Bergschmidt, T. Tischer, A. Wree, R. Bader, J. Pasold
Various cell-based therapies use the transplantation of ex vivo cultured chondrocytes or stem cells to support repair of cartilage defects. Cell expansion in vitro is required prior to transplantation accompanied by cell dedifferentiation, resulting in unwanted fibrocartilage formation in vivo. Targeted application of growth factors during in vitro cultivation is intended to enhance chondrogenic differentiation of cells. In previous studies, collagen-based scaffolds enriched with silica particles coupled with the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1 were tested, concerning their suitability to increase the in vitro redifferentiation of human chondrocytes. Accordingly, in the present study chondrogenic differentiation potential of IGF-1-coupled particles was investigated using human chondrocytes cultured in scaffold-free spheroid pellet culture. Further, influence of IGF-1-coupled particles on mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) cultured onto collagen–based scaffold or in pellet culture was examined as well pellet culture was examined. Chondrogenic differentiation was induced by the growth factor IGF-1 applied as I) soluble IGF-1 or II) conjugated to red fluorescent silica particles. In addition, control silica particles conjugated with NH2 were used to exclude adverse side effects. Besides cell proliferation, collagen type II and glycosaminoglycan synthesis was quantified and histological staining performed to investigate the chondrogenic differentiation. In pellet culture, IGF-1-coupled particles were applied during the pellet formation only. Traceable red fluorescent particles showed homogenous distribution within the pellets. Adverse effects were not detected. Human chondrocyte pellets displayed significantly increased collagen type II synthesis using IGF-1-coupled particles, compared to soluble IGF-1. Independent of the application mode, induction of chondrogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs cultured in pellets was not suitable with the addition of IGF-1 only. However, BM-MSCs cultivation onto collagen-based scaffold enriched with IGF-1-coupled particle showed superior glycosaminoglycan synthesis, compared to soluble IGF-1 application. Using IGF-1 coupled to particles within a three-dimensional matrix resulted in an increased stimulatory chondrogenic effect, indicating a promising tool for controlled growth factor delivery during treatment of cartilage lesion.
{"title":"Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Chondrocytes and Stem Cells inDifferent Cell Culture Systems Using IGF-1-Coupled Particles","authors":"B. Hiemer, Martin Krogull, K. Er, C. Grüttner, P. Bergschmidt, T. Tischer, A. Wree, R. Bader, J. Pasold","doi":"10.4172/2157-7552.1000203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7552.1000203","url":null,"abstract":"Various cell-based therapies use the transplantation of ex vivo cultured chondrocytes or stem cells to support repair of cartilage defects. Cell expansion in vitro is required prior to transplantation accompanied by cell dedifferentiation, resulting in unwanted fibrocartilage formation in vivo. Targeted application of growth factors during in vitro cultivation is intended to enhance chondrogenic differentiation of cells. In previous studies, collagen-based scaffolds enriched with silica particles coupled with the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1 were tested, concerning their suitability to increase the in vitro redifferentiation of human chondrocytes. Accordingly, in the present study chondrogenic differentiation potential of IGF-1-coupled particles was investigated using human chondrocytes cultured in scaffold-free spheroid pellet culture. Further, influence of IGF-1-coupled particles on mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) cultured onto collagen–based scaffold or in pellet culture was examined as well pellet culture was examined. Chondrogenic differentiation was induced by the growth factor IGF-1 applied as I) soluble IGF-1 or II) conjugated to red fluorescent silica particles. In addition, control silica particles conjugated with NH2 were used to exclude adverse side effects. Besides cell proliferation, collagen type II and glycosaminoglycan synthesis was quantified and histological staining performed to investigate the chondrogenic differentiation. In pellet culture, IGF-1-coupled particles were applied during the pellet formation only. Traceable red fluorescent particles showed homogenous distribution within the pellets. Adverse effects were not detected. Human chondrocyte pellets displayed significantly increased collagen type II synthesis using IGF-1-coupled particles, compared to soluble IGF-1. Independent of the application mode, induction of chondrogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs cultured in pellets was not suitable with the addition of IGF-1 only. However, BM-MSCs cultivation onto collagen-based scaffold enriched with IGF-1-coupled particle showed superior glycosaminoglycan synthesis, compared to soluble IGF-1 application. Using IGF-1 coupled to particles within a three-dimensional matrix resulted in an increased stimulatory chondrogenic effect, indicating a promising tool for controlled growth factor delivery during treatment of cartilage lesion.","PeriodicalId":17539,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tissue Science and Engineering","volume":"201 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76993627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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