Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.4090/JUEE.2018.V12N2.219230
J. A. S. Filho, C. Farias
Extreme hydrological conditions and increasing water demands observed in semiarid Brazil have generated conflicts regarding to the best use of existing water resources. Synthetic generation models of river flows are often used as support for the definition of water system operating rules, which allow the establishment of rationing policies before water scarcity spells. This work aims at verifying the applicability of models based on self-organizing maps (SOM) for stochastic modeling of monthly river flows. The basic principle of the study consisted of using SOM models in order to define the deterministic component of river flow series and a density probability function (stochastic component) to represent the resulting residuals. During calibration of all networks, values of NASH were above 0.9989 for the applications. The results were promising, indicating that the established models are capable of producing synthetic series of inflows with excellent performance.
{"title":"STOCHASTIC MODELING OF MONTHLY RIVER FLOWS BY SELF-ORGANIZING MAPS","authors":"J. A. S. Filho, C. Farias","doi":"10.4090/JUEE.2018.V12N2.219230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/JUEE.2018.V12N2.219230","url":null,"abstract":"Extreme hydrological conditions and increasing water demands observed in semiarid Brazil have generated conflicts regarding to the best use of existing water resources. Synthetic generation models of river flows are often used as support for the definition of water system operating rules, which allow the establishment of rationing policies before water scarcity spells. This work aims at verifying the applicability of models based on self-organizing maps (SOM) for stochastic modeling of monthly river flows. The basic principle of the study consisted of using SOM models in order to define the deterministic component of river flow series and a density probability function (stochastic component) to represent the resulting residuals. During calibration of all networks, values of NASH were above 0.9989 for the applications. The results were promising, indicating that the established models are capable of producing synthetic series of inflows with excellent performance.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42784700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.4090/JUEE.2018.V12N2.277286
Marcelo Elias Delaneze, P. S. Riedel
The use of mathematical models in environmental studies allows significant scientific contributions to the physical planning of an area, since they help to understand the impact of changes in land cover and predict future trends of changes in ecosystems. The study area includes portions of the municipalities of Duque de Caxias, Nova Iguaçu, and Belford Roxo, located in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and aims to carry out experiments in land cover changes in the medium-term (10 years) within the catchment area of ORBEL pipelines. The modeling performed in this study was developed using the software Dinamica EGO. For model calibration, we used the weights of evidence method. Positive values foster certain transitions, while negative values indicate low probability of transition. Model validation was executed by means of the fuzzy similarity method using exponential decay. The results show that for the study period (1998-2010) the rate of change for the transition of the class 'others to woody vegetation' is much higher than for the other class transitions observed in the same periods. One annual land cover scenario was generated for the year 2020. The scenario indicated the growth of suburbs near the ring road around Rio de Janeiro, especially in the municipality of Duque de Caxias.
在环境研究中使用数学模型可以对一个地区的实际规划作出重大的科学贡献，因为它们有助于了解土地覆盖变化的影响和预测生态系统变化的未来趋势。研究区域包括位于巴西里约热内卢州的Duque de Caxias、Nova igua和Belford Roxo市的部分地区，旨在对ORBEL管道集水区的中期(10年)土地覆盖变化进行实验。在本研究中进行的建模是使用软件Dinamica EGO开发的。对于模型的标定，我们采用证据权法。正值会促进一定的转变，负值则表示转变的可能性较低。采用指数衰减模糊相似法对模型进行验证。结果表明:在1998—2010年研究期内，“其他植被向木本植被”类的转变速率远高于同期观测到的其他植被类的转变速率。为2020年制定了一个年度土地覆盖情景。这一情景表明，里约热内卢环城公路附近的郊区正在增长，特别是在杜克德卡夏亚斯市。
{"title":"MODELING SPATIAL DYNAMICS APPLIED TO THE ASSESSMENT OF URBAN GROWTH IN THE VICINITY OF PIPELINES IN RIO DE JANEIRO","authors":"Marcelo Elias Delaneze, P. S. Riedel","doi":"10.4090/JUEE.2018.V12N2.277286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/JUEE.2018.V12N2.277286","url":null,"abstract":"The use of mathematical models in environmental studies allows significant scientific contributions to the physical planning of an area, since they help to understand the impact of changes in land cover and predict future trends of changes in ecosystems. The study area includes portions of the municipalities of Duque de Caxias, Nova Iguaçu, and Belford Roxo, located in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and aims to carry out experiments in land cover changes in the medium-term (10 years) within the catchment area of ORBEL pipelines. The modeling performed in this study was developed using the software Dinamica EGO. For model calibration, we used the weights of evidence method. Positive values foster certain transitions, while negative values indicate low probability of transition. Model validation was executed by means of the fuzzy similarity method using exponential decay. The results show that for the study period (1998-2010) the rate of change for the transition of the class 'others to woody vegetation' is much higher than for the other class transitions observed in the same periods. One annual land cover scenario was generated for the year 2020. The scenario indicated the growth of suburbs near the ring road around Rio de Janeiro, especially in the municipality of Duque de Caxias.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43460581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.4090/JUEE.2018.V12N2.188200
L. Tavares, J. Lugon Junior, J. Silva, J. Wasserman, P. Rodrigues
This article presents a literature review about urban floods, with a specific analysis concerning the Macaé River basin in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The main topics of the study are: (i) legal framework of water resources management; (ii) overview of urban floods in Brazil, focusing on the city of Macaé; (iii) methods of control and mitigation of urban floods; (iv) hydrological and computational modeling applied to the study of floods; and finally, (v) characterization of the Macaé River basin, with an emphasis in the context of floods and inundations. The research confirms the relevance of flood studies for the region, both by the expressive record of flooding events and by the lack of recent investigations about this issue. According to the current trend practiced in flood management, proposals for the city should be based on integrated interventions that consider the peculiarities of the basin. Compensatory techniques and the renaturalization of rivers and streams are two prominent approaches to this context. The modeling of the basin and the simulation of these measures can provide data that will support the basin management plan and the work of other relevant public institutions.
{"title":"WATER MANAGEMENT AND URBAN FLOOD MITIGATION: STUDIES AND PROPOSALS FOR THE MACAÉ RIVER BASIN IN BRAZIL","authors":"L. Tavares, J. Lugon Junior, J. Silva, J. Wasserman, P. Rodrigues","doi":"10.4090/JUEE.2018.V12N2.188200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/JUEE.2018.V12N2.188200","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a literature review about urban floods, with a specific analysis concerning the Macaé River basin in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The main topics of the study are: (i) legal framework of water resources management; (ii) overview of urban floods in Brazil, focusing on the city of Macaé; (iii) methods of control and mitigation of urban floods; (iv) hydrological and computational modeling applied to the study of floods; and finally, (v) characterization of the Macaé River basin, with an emphasis in the context of floods and inundations. The research confirms the relevance of flood studies for the region, both by the expressive record of flooding events and by the lack of recent investigations about this issue. According to the current trend practiced in flood management, proposals for the city should be based on integrated interventions that consider the peculiarities of the basin. Compensatory techniques and the renaturalization of rivers and streams are two prominent approaches to this context. The modeling of the basin and the simulation of these measures can provide data that will support the basin management plan and the work of other relevant public institutions.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43517717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.4090/juee.2018.v12n2.293307
J. E. A. Filho, M. R. Salla, C. Martins, Guilherme Hanauer de Lima
The large alterations in land use and occupation associated with progressive urbanization tend to increase the direct and indirect impacts on the water quality of streams and rivers. Relying on various land occupation scenarios in a watershed subject to progressive urbanization, considering a horizon of 30 years, this study estimated the pollutant loads of all its sub-basins, simulated the dispersion of pollutants along its main watercourse and estimated the pollutant loads at the basin’s outlet. The method used to estimate the pollutant loads was adapted from that proposed by Schueler (1987), with inclusion of the Soil Conservation Service method (SCS, 1973) to estimate the surface runoff or excess rainfall. The dispersion of pollutants in the principal stream was simulated by numerically solving the advection-diffusion equation, after discretization by finite differences, employing a computational code implemented in the Visual Basic language. The ranking of the pollutants in decreasing order of gross annual loads for the 30-year scenario showed the highest production of suspended sediments (510 to 4,882 metric tons/year), followed by BOD with 42 to 172 tons/year and nutrients (13 to 62 tons/year for total nitrogen and 6 to 29 tons/year for nitrite and nitrate). Zinc accounted for the smallest discharge, with 1.7 to 7.9 tons/year. In turn, in the ranking by the correlation coefficient between the loads of each pollutant and the advance of urban occupation, represented indirectly by the number curve (NC) parameter, BOD was most sensitive to urban expansion, since it had the strongest correlation with the number curve (about 41%). Total suspended solids (TSS) and zinc were less influenced by the occupation processes of the watershed, although they were closely correlated with rainfall. In general, the method used in this study can help planners make decisions about urbanization guidelines and zoning rules. The results indicate the importance of establishing policies for moderate occupation of watersheds and reduction of the diffuse pollution caused by urbanization.
{"title":"SIMULATION OF SURFACE WATER POLLUTION IN A WATERSHED SUBJECT TO PROGRESSIVE URBANIZATION","authors":"J. E. A. Filho, M. R. Salla, C. Martins, Guilherme Hanauer de Lima","doi":"10.4090/juee.2018.v12n2.293307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/juee.2018.v12n2.293307","url":null,"abstract":"The large alterations in land use and occupation associated with progressive urbanization tend to increase the direct and indirect impacts on the water quality of streams and rivers. Relying on various land occupation scenarios in a watershed subject to progressive urbanization, considering a horizon of 30 years, this study estimated the pollutant loads of all its sub-basins, simulated the dispersion of pollutants along its main watercourse and estimated the pollutant loads at the basin’s outlet. The method used to estimate the pollutant loads was adapted from that proposed by Schueler (1987), with inclusion of the Soil Conservation Service method (SCS, 1973) to estimate the surface runoff or excess rainfall. The dispersion of pollutants in the principal stream was simulated by numerically solving the advection-diffusion equation, after discretization by finite differences, employing a computational code implemented in the Visual Basic language. The ranking of the pollutants in decreasing order of gross annual loads for the 30-year scenario showed the highest production of suspended sediments (510 to 4,882 metric tons/year), followed by BOD with 42 to 172 tons/year and nutrients (13 to 62 tons/year for total nitrogen and 6 to 29 tons/year for nitrite and nitrate). Zinc accounted for the smallest discharge, with 1.7 to 7.9 tons/year. In turn, in the ranking by the correlation coefficient between the loads of each pollutant and the advance of urban occupation, represented indirectly by the number curve (NC) parameter, BOD was most sensitive to urban expansion, since it had the strongest correlation with the number curve (about 41%). Total suspended solids (TSS) and zinc were less influenced by the occupation processes of the watershed, although they were closely correlated with rainfall. In general, the method used in this study can help planners make decisions about urbanization guidelines and zoning rules. The results indicate the importance of establishing policies for moderate occupation of watersheds and reduction of the diffuse pollution caused by urbanization.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46153344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.4090/JUEE.2018.V12N2.163-171
F. A. Silva, Gustavo R. Scandolieri, D. R. Pereira, Helton M. Sapia João F. C. Silva Leandro L. Almeida
Digital Terrain Modeling (DTM) is a computational model of the earth surface that represents relief and it has a wide range of applications. This work proposes a new approach to DTM using the Finite Element Method (FEM) point-based instead of mesh-based. The points used by the proposed methodology were obtained by data captured by satellite images. The most methods require the precomputation of a mesh on the surface of the terrain. Our methodology overcomes the mesh step, so the modeling process is very fast.
{"title":"DIGITAL TERRAIN MODELING USING FINITE ELEMENT METHODS MESHLESS","authors":"F. A. Silva, Gustavo R. Scandolieri, D. R. Pereira, Helton M. Sapia João F. C. Silva Leandro L. Almeida","doi":"10.4090/JUEE.2018.V12N2.163-171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/JUEE.2018.V12N2.163-171","url":null,"abstract":"Digital Terrain Modeling (DTM) is a computational model of the earth surface that represents relief and it has a wide range of applications. This work proposes a new approach to DTM using the Finite Element Method (FEM) point-based instead of mesh-based. The points used by the proposed methodology were obtained by data captured by satellite images. The most methods require the precomputation of a mesh on the surface of the terrain. Our methodology overcomes the mesh step, so the modeling process is very fast.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47236117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.4090/JUEE.2018.V12N2.172-187
Giorgos P. Kouropoulos
The scope of the specific study is the statistical prediction of the annual carbon dioxide use emissions due to the operation of computed tomography (CT) scanners and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) units in hospitals, health units and diagnostic centers, for the period between 2018 and 2030, in 120 countries across the world. The main sources of information for this study comprise statistical data from international organizations, scientific articles and measurements. The basic calculation tool of the study is a mathematical model, modified in such a way so that the calculations can be carried out using the available statistical data. In the final stage of the study, the functions that predict the carbon dioxide use emissions in relation to the years, will be extracted. Furthermore, all the errors and uncertainties of the mathematical model will be estimated. The conclusion, arising after implementation of the calculations, is that the carbon dioxide use emissions of CT scanners and MRI units are expected to grow by 30%, i.e., from 0.344 gigatonnes in 2018 to 0.497 gigatonnes in 2030.
{"title":"A PREDICTIVE MODEL FOR THE ESTIMATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) UNITS AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) SCANNERS","authors":"Giorgos P. Kouropoulos","doi":"10.4090/JUEE.2018.V12N2.172-187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/JUEE.2018.V12N2.172-187","url":null,"abstract":"The scope of the specific study is the statistical prediction of the annual carbon dioxide use emissions due to the operation of computed tomography (CT) scanners and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) units in hospitals, health units and diagnostic centers, for the period between 2018 and 2030, in 120 countries across the world. The main sources of information for this study comprise statistical data from international organizations, scientific articles and measurements. The basic calculation tool of the study is a mathematical model, modified in such a way so that the calculations can be carried out using the available statistical data. In the final stage of the study, the functions that predict the carbon dioxide use emissions in relation to the years, will be extracted. Furthermore, all the errors and uncertainties of the mathematical model will be estimated. The conclusion, arising after implementation of the calculations, is that the carbon dioxide use emissions of CT scanners and MRI units are expected to grow by 30%, i.e., from 0.344 gigatonnes in 2018 to 0.497 gigatonnes in 2030.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42850318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-30DOI: 10.4090/JUEE.2017.V12N1.015025
M. Choudhary, Ruchika Sharma, Sudhir Kumar
This paper introduces a procedure for calculating non revenue water (NRW) based on IWA terminology. A water audit analysis tool is developed to determine the components of water balance i.e.; apparent and real losses for Jaipur water utility, India. Identification of these parameters is important especially in developing countries with critical water resource situation in water scare urban area. Water audit analysis tool also evaluates the leakage performance indicators i.e. Unavoidable Real Losses (UARL) and Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI). Results reveals that Jaipur water utility suffers with a technical and managerial constraints and reporting high level of non revenue water (50% of the total water produced). The Real losses (37% of total water supplied) is the major component of NRW due to old deteriorating water supply asset with poor operation and management (O&M). Apparent losses (8% of the total water supplies) are significant component of NRW due to meter under registration, illegal connections and thefts and also indicated by value of Infrastructure Leakage Index (2.311). There is need of proper NRW reduction strategy which addresses all these three issues of real losses, unauthorized consumption and management practices along with change management strategy.
{"title":"A WATER AUDIT ANALYSIS TOOL FOR URBAN WATER UTILITY","authors":"M. Choudhary, Ruchika Sharma, Sudhir Kumar","doi":"10.4090/JUEE.2017.V12N1.015025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/JUEE.2017.V12N1.015025","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a procedure for calculating non revenue water (NRW) based on IWA terminology. A water audit analysis tool is developed to determine the components of water balance i.e.; apparent and real losses for Jaipur water utility, India. Identification of these parameters is important especially in developing countries with critical water resource situation in water scare urban area. Water audit analysis tool also evaluates the leakage performance indicators i.e. Unavoidable Real Losses (UARL) and Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI). Results reveals that Jaipur water utility suffers with a technical and managerial constraints and reporting high level of non revenue water (50% of the total water produced). The Real losses (37% of total water supplied) is the major component of NRW due to old deteriorating water supply asset with poor operation and management (O&M). Apparent losses (8% of the total water supplies) are significant component of NRW due to meter under registration, illegal connections and thefts and also indicated by value of Infrastructure Leakage Index (2.311). There is need of proper NRW reduction strategy which addresses all these three issues of real losses, unauthorized consumption and management practices along with change management strategy.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49383380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-30DOI: 10.4090/JUEE.2017.V12N1.093101
A. Biswas, Rajat Gupta
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) is a viable proposition for small-scale uses like, rural electrification, pumping, desalinating, household applications etc in many developing countries including India. In this paper, a hybrid neuro-fuzzy controller has been developed using gradient-based training algorithm to evaluate the performance of a combined three-bladed Savonius-Darrieus rotor. The objective of the study is to design a controller that causes more uniform loading on the generator by minimizing fluctuations in output parameters with change of input and also that improves rotor performance. A two-input-single-output controller has been designed. The tip speed ratio and overlap have been taken as input parameters, and output parameters are power coefficients and torque coefficients. At the first step, the input data are fuzzified by assigning fuzzy levels to the input data sets, and then trained outputs are obtained by back propagation learning algorithm. The controller results are in good agreement with the experimental results both qualitatively and quantitatively. For power coefficient (Cp), the agreement is within 4.5%, and for torque coefficient (Ct) it is within 2%. Moreover, the performance of the hybrid neuro-fuzzy controller has also been compared with Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) & ANN controller. The present controller predicts smoother values of performance parameters compared with other controllers.
{"title":"PREDICTION OF PERFORMANCE FOR SAVONIUSDARRIEUS WIND ROTOR BY HYBRID NEURO-FUZZY CONTROLLER","authors":"A. Biswas, Rajat Gupta","doi":"10.4090/JUEE.2017.V12N1.093101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/JUEE.2017.V12N1.093101","url":null,"abstract":"Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) is a viable proposition for small-scale uses like, rural electrification, pumping, desalinating, household applications etc in many developing countries including India. In this paper, a hybrid neuro-fuzzy controller has been developed using gradient-based training algorithm to evaluate the performance of a combined three-bladed Savonius-Darrieus rotor. The objective of the study is to design a controller that causes more uniform loading on the generator by minimizing fluctuations in output parameters with change of input and also that improves rotor performance. A two-input-single-output controller has been designed. The tip speed ratio and overlap have been taken as input parameters, and output parameters are power coefficients and torque coefficients. At the first step, the input data are fuzzified by assigning fuzzy levels to the input data sets, and then trained outputs are obtained by back propagation learning algorithm. The controller results are in good agreement with the experimental results both qualitatively and quantitatively. For power coefficient (Cp), the agreement is within 4.5%, and for torque coefficient (Ct) it is within 2%. Moreover, the performance of the hybrid neuro-fuzzy controller has also been compared with Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) & ANN controller. The present controller predicts smoother values of performance parameters compared with other controllers.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45168167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-30DOI: 10.4090/JUEE.2018.V12N1.070076
Leelambar Singh, Y. Katpatal
Wetlands are the most important component of an ecosystem that provides ecological habitats and hence wetlands are supposed to be the indicators of healthy environment. It has been observed recently that the wetlands are affected by several anthropogenic impacts and climate change. Monitoring of the wetlands for their preservation has become mandatory. The present study uses MODIS satellite data of 2000 and 2014 for recording the temporal change in the status of the wetlands in Nagpur district, Maharashtra India. Least square regression correlation had been performed between wetlands area and corresponding (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) NDVI of the selected wetlands. The study shows that the extent of the wetlands have reduced in the study area during 2000-2014. The Least square regression analysis result shows that vegetated areas within wetlands reduced during 2000 to 2014. This study highlights the present status of wetlands, which is helpful in future, conservation, assessment, and management of wetlands. The application of remote sensing and GIS techniques made analysis simpler and effective.
{"title":"WETLAND CHANGE ANALYSIS AND THEIR IMPACT ON DENSE VEGETATION BY SPATIAL APPROACH","authors":"Leelambar Singh, Y. Katpatal","doi":"10.4090/JUEE.2018.V12N1.070076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/JUEE.2018.V12N1.070076","url":null,"abstract":"Wetlands are the most important component of an ecosystem that provides ecological habitats and hence wetlands are supposed to be the indicators of healthy environment. It has been observed recently that the wetlands are affected by several anthropogenic impacts and climate change. Monitoring of the wetlands for their preservation has become mandatory. The present study uses MODIS satellite data of 2000 and 2014 for recording the temporal change in the status of the wetlands in Nagpur district, Maharashtra India. Least square regression correlation had been performed between wetlands area and corresponding (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) NDVI of the selected wetlands. The study shows that the extent of the wetlands have reduced in the study area during 2000-2014. The Least square regression analysis result shows that vegetated areas within wetlands reduced during 2000 to 2014. This study highlights the present status of wetlands, which is helpful in future, conservation, assessment, and management of wetlands. The application of remote sensing and GIS techniques made analysis simpler and effective.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48959786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-30DOI: 10.4090/juee.2018.v12n1.077087
R. Urban, L. A. Manfré, A. M. da Silva
This paper aims to assess the environmental quality of a small urban watershed, located at a sub-tropical region highly urbanized in Brazil, using water and soil quality, land cover and terrain characteristics. The proposed methodology was based in physical and chemical features of 40 soil sampling sites, land cover and slope. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was used to define the best variables to the analysis. The soil quality, land cover and slope data was grouped and categorized in qualitative variables. Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) was applied to cluster the variables. Geographic Information System (GIS) tools were used to build the zoning map. During 12 months water was sampled in two sites in the same river at the watershed. PCA was used again to define water quality and differences between the two sampling sites. Porosity and carbon rate were the principal soil variables to distinguish three different soil zones 1, 2 and 3 represent 15,1%; 9,8% e 75,1% of the area, respectively. Zone 1 present condition that must be conserved to maintain environmental services as water retaining and carbon storage. Related to water quality, the PCA presented differences between dry and wet season. Besides, sampling site 1, located within a vegetation region presents better conditions than sampling site 2, located within urban land cover. The assessment method used multivariate statistics and GIS. The methodology is a useful tool to environmental planning. The replication of this methodology is encouraged, in order to assess its suitability in different conditions, i.e. climate and size.
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