Pub Date : 2019-01-03DOI: 10.4090/juee.2018.v12n2.219-230
José Adalberto Da Silva Filho, Camilo Allyson Simões de Farias
Extreme hydrological conditions and increasing water demands observed in semiarid Brazil have generated conflicts regarding to the best use of existing water resources. Synthetic generation models of river flows are often used as support for the definition of water system operating rules, which allow the establishment of rationing policies before water scarcity spells. This work aims at verifying the applicability of models based on self-organizing maps (SOM) for stochastic modeling of monthly river flows. The basic principle of the study consisted of using SOM models in order to define the deterministic component of river flow series and a density probability function (stochastic component) to represent the resulting residuals. During calibration of all networks, values of NASH were above 0.9989 for the applications. The results were promising, indicating that the established models are capable of producing synthetic series of inflows with excellent performance.
{"title":"STOCHASTIC MODELING OF MONTHLY RIVER FLOWS BY SELF-ORGANIZING MAPS","authors":"José Adalberto Da Silva Filho, Camilo Allyson Simões de Farias","doi":"10.4090/juee.2018.v12n2.219-230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/juee.2018.v12n2.219-230","url":null,"abstract":"Extreme hydrological conditions and increasing water demands observed in semiarid Brazil have generated conflicts regarding to the best use of existing water resources. Synthetic generation models of river flows are often used as support for the definition of water system operating rules, which allow the establishment of rationing policies before water scarcity spells. This work aims at verifying the applicability of models based on self-organizing maps (SOM) for stochastic modeling of monthly river flows. The basic principle of the study consisted of using SOM models in order to define the deterministic component of river flow series and a density probability function (stochastic component) to represent the resulting residuals. During calibration of all networks, values of NASH were above 0.9989 for the applications. The results were promising, indicating that the established models are capable of producing synthetic series of inflows with excellent performance.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45483065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4090/juee.2018.v12n1.93-101
A. Biswas, Rajat Gupta
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) is a viable proposition for small-scale uses like, rural electrification, pumping, desalinating, household applications etc in many developing countries including India. In this paper, a hybrid neuro-fuzzy controller has been developed using gradient-based training algorithm to evaluate the performance of a combined three-bladed Savonius-Darrieus rotor. The objective of the study is to design a controller that causes more uniform loading on the generator by minimizing fluctuations in output parameters with change of input and also that improves rotor performance. A two-input-single-output controller has been designed. The tip speed ratio and overlap have been taken as input parameters, and output parameters are power coefficients and torque coefficients. At the first step, the input data are fuzzified by assigning fuzzy levels to the input data sets, and then trained outputs are obtained by back propagation learning algorithm. The controller results are in good agreement with the experimental results both qualitatively and quantitatively. For power coefficient (Cp), the agreement is within 4.5%, and for torque coefficient (Ct) it is within 2%. Moreover, the performance of the hybrid neuro-fuzzy controller has also been compared with Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) & ANN controller. The present controller predicts smoother values of performance parameters compared with other controllers.
{"title":"PREDICTION OF PERFORMANCE FOR SAVONIUS-DARRIEUS WIND ROTOR BY HYBRID NEURO-FUZZY CONTROLLER","authors":"A. Biswas, Rajat Gupta","doi":"10.4090/juee.2018.v12n1.93-101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/juee.2018.v12n1.93-101","url":null,"abstract":"Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) is a viable proposition for small-scale uses like, rural electrification, pumping, desalinating, household applications etc in many developing countries including India. In this paper, a hybrid neuro-fuzzy controller has been developed using gradient-based training algorithm to evaluate the performance of a combined three-bladed Savonius-Darrieus rotor. The objective of the study is to design a controller that causes more uniform loading on the generator by minimizing fluctuations in output parameters with change of input and also that improves rotor performance. A two-input-single-output controller has been designed. The tip speed ratio and overlap have been taken as input parameters, and output parameters are power coefficients and torque coefficients. At the first step, the input data are fuzzified by assigning fuzzy levels to the input data sets, and then trained outputs are obtained by back propagation learning algorithm. The controller results are in good agreement with the experimental results both qualitatively and quantitatively. For power coefficient (Cp), the agreement is within 4.5%, and for torque coefficient (Ct) it is within 2%. Moreover, the performance of the hybrid neuro-fuzzy controller has also been compared with Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) & ANN controller. The present controller predicts smoother values of performance parameters compared with other controllers.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43129110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.4090/JUEE.2018.V12N2.287292
S. Boeykens
The tannery industry is an important economic activity in Argentina. Due to the characteristics of their processes, tanneries generate liquid effluents in different acidity or alkalinity conditions, with high turbidity, suspended solids and color. These effluents must be treated to avoid environmental contamination. The objective of the present investigation was to study, at a laboratory scale, coagulation processes that allow the reduction of turbidity and color in tannery effluents. The work focused on the use of collagen hydrolyzate (CH) as a coagulant, obtained from the shavings that the leather process itself discards. Tests were made with pure CH, in combination with a commercial coagulant (aluminum sulfate) or a commercial flocculant (cationic quaternary polyamine), in order to compare the efficiency of the process. Effluents were generated with a generic tanning formula, which were treated by aeration followed by sedimentation. The results obtained show that the CH alone does not show sufficient effectiveness, but combined with both the aluminum sulphate and the cationic quaternary polyamine gives very good results, involving smaller amounts of these commercial additives. The fact that the CH is obtained from a residue of the industry itself and it can successfully replace other chemicals, lowers the costs of treating the liquid effluents while avoiding having to manage that solid waste.
{"title":"REUSE OF LEATHER WASTE: COLLAGEN HYDROLYZATE FOR THE TREATMENT OF TANNERIES EFFLUENTS","authors":"S. Boeykens","doi":"10.4090/JUEE.2018.V12N2.287292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/JUEE.2018.V12N2.287292","url":null,"abstract":"The tannery industry is an important economic activity in Argentina. Due to the characteristics of their processes, tanneries generate liquid effluents in different acidity or alkalinity conditions, with high turbidity, suspended solids and color. These effluents must be treated to avoid environmental contamination. The objective of the present investigation was to study, at a laboratory scale, coagulation processes that allow the reduction of turbidity and color in tannery effluents. The work focused on the use of collagen hydrolyzate (CH) as a coagulant, obtained from the shavings that the leather process itself discards. Tests were made with pure CH, in combination with a commercial coagulant (aluminum sulfate) or a commercial flocculant (cationic quaternary polyamine), in order to compare the efficiency of the process. Effluents were generated with a generic tanning formula, which were treated by aeration followed by sedimentation. The results obtained show that the CH alone does not show sufficient effectiveness, but combined with both the aluminum sulphate and the cationic quaternary polyamine gives very good results, involving smaller amounts of these commercial additives. The fact that the CH is obtained from a residue of the industry itself and it can successfully replace other chemicals, lowers the costs of treating the liquid effluents while avoiding having to manage that solid waste.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48465189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.4090/JUEE.2015.V12N2.%P
M. A. Javid, Shree Abdullah, A. Hashmi, Muhammad Akbar, M. G. Ullah
The existence of a good quality public transport system is considered as the backbone of transportation infrastructure in densely populated cities. The people’s intentions to use a public transport system are influenced by how they perceive the service quality dimensions. Metro-bus service in Lahore was started in 2013 in order to provide state of the art public transport system to the people. To ensure its success and sustainability it is essential to make improvements in its service quality seeking the perceptions of its current users and potential users. Therefore, this study aims to assess the passenger’s attitudes towards service quality attributes of metro-bus using results of a questionnaire survey and make suggestions for its future potential. An objective oriented questionnaire was designed and conducted at selected locations and total collected samples were 328. Analysis of results revealed that users have positive attitudes with most of the service quality attributes. Reliability, friendliness and instrumental dimensions of service quality are significant in determining the passenger’s preference towards metro-bus service. Gender, vehicle ownership and characteristics of access mode are also having significant influence in this aspect. These findings would be helpful in making appropriate policies regarding improvements in service quality of metro-bus.
{"title":"PASSENGERS’ ATTITUDES AND PREFERENCE TOWARDS METRO-BUS SERVICE IN LAHORE","authors":"M. A. Javid, Shree Abdullah, A. Hashmi, Muhammad Akbar, M. G. Ullah","doi":"10.4090/JUEE.2015.V12N2.%P","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/JUEE.2015.V12N2.%P","url":null,"abstract":"The existence of a good quality public transport system is considered as the backbone of transportation infrastructure in densely populated cities. The people’s intentions to use a public transport system are influenced by how they perceive the service quality dimensions. Metro-bus service in Lahore was started in 2013 in order to provide state of the art public transport system to the people. To ensure its success and sustainability it is essential to make improvements in its service quality seeking the perceptions of its current users and potential users. Therefore, this study aims to assess the passenger’s attitudes towards service quality attributes of metro-bus using results of a questionnaire survey and make suggestions for its future potential. An objective oriented questionnaire was designed and conducted at selected locations and total collected samples were 328. Analysis of results revealed that users have positive attitudes with most of the service quality attributes. Reliability, friendliness and instrumental dimensions of service quality are significant in determining the passenger’s preference towards metro-bus service. Gender, vehicle ownership and characteristics of access mode are also having significant influence in this aspect. These findings would be helpful in making appropriate policies regarding improvements in service quality of metro-bus.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47854931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.4090/JUEE.2018.V12N2.231235
A. P. Svintsov, N. Konoplev
Valves with high regulating capacity can significantly reduce the loss of tap water. The hydraulic characteristics of liquid discharge through orifice in the form of a "curved drop" made in thin walls of tap valve closure member are determined by theoretical and experimental studies. The relationship of the change in water flow rate for tap valves with orifice in the form of a "curved drop" to varying pressure is established. The comparison of flow characteristics for tap valves with closure members having a different shape of through hole is made. The obtained Hydraulic coefficients allow to design the valves with a high regulating capacity. The results of the study are of interest for theoretical and practical tasks of designing and manufacturing valves for water supply. The use of closure members with a hole in the shape of a “curved drop” allows to reduce the loss of tap water of drinking quality. The study is ongoing.
{"title":"HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS OF TAP VALVE WITH A FLAT CLOSURE MEMBER","authors":"A. P. Svintsov, N. Konoplev","doi":"10.4090/JUEE.2018.V12N2.231235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/JUEE.2018.V12N2.231235","url":null,"abstract":"Valves with high regulating capacity can significantly reduce the loss of tap water. The hydraulic characteristics of liquid discharge through orifice in the form of a \"curved drop\" made in thin walls of tap valve closure member are determined by theoretical and experimental studies. The relationship of the change in water flow rate for tap valves with orifice in the form of a \"curved drop\" to varying pressure is established. The comparison of flow characteristics for tap valves with closure members having a different shape of through hole is made. \u0000The obtained Hydraulic coefficients allow to design the valves with a high regulating capacity. The results of the study are of interest for theoretical and practical tasks of designing and manufacturing valves for water supply. \u0000The use of closure members with a hole in the shape of a “curved drop” allows to reduce the loss of tap water of drinking quality. \u0000The study is ongoing.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42527016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.4090/JUEE.2018.V12N2.257265
Lucas Dellosso Penteado, L. Souza, A. Christoforo
Despite being an important acoustic parameter in urban canyons, reverberation time (RT) is little used to make noise maps. This paper focuses on urban RT and urban equivalent sound pressure level (LAeq) in order to construct noise maps. Therefore, these indicators were sampled in 31 points distributed in the central region of a medium-sized Brazilian city. In addition, constructive geometric characteristics and the vehicle flow were collected. These data were used as input for a reverberation time prediction equation and then used to develop a thematic map on a GIS platform by applying the inverse distance interpolation method. Furthermore, a LAeq indicator noise map was made using the NMPB-Routes 2008 method in calculation commercial software. The results show a relationship between LAeq and the urban RT map. Moreover, the results allowed the validation of a predictive RT model able to calculate future scenario acoustics based on geometric-constructive features and vehicular flow.
{"title":"REVERBERATION TIME AS AN INDICATOR FOR NOISE MAPS","authors":"Lucas Dellosso Penteado, L. Souza, A. Christoforo","doi":"10.4090/JUEE.2018.V12N2.257265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/JUEE.2018.V12N2.257265","url":null,"abstract":"Despite being an important acoustic parameter in urban canyons, reverberation time (RT) is little used to make noise maps. This paper focuses on urban RT and urban equivalent sound pressure level (LAeq) in order to construct noise maps. Therefore, these indicators were sampled in 31 points distributed in the central region of a medium-sized Brazilian city. In addition, constructive geometric characteristics and the vehicle flow were collected. These data were used as input for a reverberation time prediction equation and then used to develop a thematic map on a GIS platform by applying the inverse distance interpolation method. Furthermore, a LAeq indicator noise map was made using the NMPB-Routes 2008 method in calculation commercial software. The results show a relationship between LAeq and the urban RT map. Moreover, the results allowed the validation of a predictive RT model able to calculate future scenario acoustics based on geometric-constructive features and vehicular flow.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49081666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.4090/juee.2018.v12n2.245256
José Carlos de Souza, E. D. Lopes, Jocy Ana Paixão de Sousa, A. C. G. Martins, R. W. Lourenço
This study brings results on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Adjusted Vegetation Index of Soil (SAVI) and the Index of Water by Normalized Difference (NDWI) through a method that uses correlation matrices built on a pixel to pixel combination for spatial and temporal analysis of plant cover. The study was developed by using Landsat 8 images from January and August, 2015. Image processing was performed with ArcGis and Matlab building correlation matrices to evaluate variations of each index in Brazilian vegetation. Results showed decreasing values of the three indices from wet to dry period. Climatic conditions influenced on the vigor and moisture content of vegetation. The pixel to pixel correlation method is appropriated to study vegetation changes and quantify increase, decrease or maintenance of vegetation.
{"title":"METHOD FOR EVALUATING PLANT COVER AND QUANTIFICATION USING PIXEL TO PIXEL CORRELATION INDICES","authors":"José Carlos de Souza, E. D. Lopes, Jocy Ana Paixão de Sousa, A. C. G. Martins, R. W. Lourenço","doi":"10.4090/juee.2018.v12n2.245256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/juee.2018.v12n2.245256","url":null,"abstract":"This study brings results on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Adjusted Vegetation Index of Soil (SAVI) and the Index of Water by Normalized Difference (NDWI) through a method that uses correlation matrices built on a pixel to pixel combination for spatial and temporal analysis of plant cover. The study was developed by using Landsat 8 images from January and August, 2015. Image processing was performed with ArcGis and Matlab building correlation matrices to evaluate variations of each index in Brazilian vegetation. Results showed decreasing values of the three indices from wet to dry period. Climatic conditions influenced on the vigor and moisture content of vegetation. The pixel to pixel correlation method is appropriated to study vegetation changes and quantify increase, decrease or maintenance of vegetation.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49556037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.4090/JUEE.2018.V12N2.236244
Ebrahim Farajpourbonab, Amin Rafieioskoei
Based on some findings on the two kinds of Concrete Filled Double Skin steel Tube (CFDST) members with circular or square sections, a new kind of CFDST with octagonal and polygonal section have been investigated under axial and cyclic loading. For this purpose, the outer steel wall has various steel shapes and the inner steel wall is the same as circular section and for some part of analyses, the outer tube is the same as circular section and the inner wall has various steel sections. Primarily, FEM procedure has been verified with some available experimental studies and then, seven composite columns with different section types have been analyzed. The results of analyses exhibited the increase in strength and improvement in hysteresis behavior of the proposed steel sections under cyclic loading.
{"title":"BEHAVIOR OF CFDST COLUMNS WITH OCTAGON AND POLYGON STEEL SECTIONS","authors":"Ebrahim Farajpourbonab, Amin Rafieioskoei","doi":"10.4090/JUEE.2018.V12N2.236244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/JUEE.2018.V12N2.236244","url":null,"abstract":"Based on some findings on the two kinds of Concrete Filled Double Skin steel Tube (CFDST) members with circular or square sections, a new kind of CFDST with octagonal and polygonal section have been investigated under axial and cyclic loading. For this purpose, the outer steel wall has various steel shapes and the inner steel wall is the same as circular section and for some part of analyses, the outer tube is the same as circular section and the inner wall has various steel sections. Primarily, FEM procedure has been verified with some available experimental studies and then, seven composite columns with different section types have been analyzed. The results of analyses exhibited the increase in strength and improvement in hysteresis behavior of the proposed steel sections under cyclic loading.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49260987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.4090/JUEE.2018.V12N2.210218
A. Arief, A. Yudono, A. Akil, I. Ramli, Amran Rahim
Basic needs of commuters from small islands, local society and tourists from several hotels have yet to be fully fulfilled within radius 500 meters from the four ports at Fort Rotterdam, Makassar. To fulfill them, they had to travel to the main shore of Makassar city using motorized vehicle which is redundant in distance, time and cost. This research is aimed at determining suitable location for the development of coastal Transit Oriented Development (TOD). Selected location could effectively prevent redundancy of distance, time and cost of the commuters, local society and tourists. Technique analysis applied Expert System, Fortran 90 application and Spatial Analysis test based on Geographic Information System. The result showed that location at Kayu Bangkoa neighborhood was selected as the most potential location for coastal TOD development.
{"title":"DETERMINING OF THE SUITABLE LOCATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF COASTAL TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT","authors":"A. Arief, A. Yudono, A. Akil, I. Ramli, Amran Rahim","doi":"10.4090/JUEE.2018.V12N2.210218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/JUEE.2018.V12N2.210218","url":null,"abstract":"Basic needs of commuters from small islands, local society and tourists from several hotels have yet to be fully fulfilled within radius 500 meters from the four ports at Fort Rotterdam, Makassar. To fulfill them, they had to travel to the main shore of Makassar city using motorized vehicle which is redundant in distance, time and cost. This research is aimed at determining suitable location for the development of coastal Transit Oriented Development (TOD). Selected location could effectively prevent redundancy of distance, time and cost of the commuters, local society and tourists. Technique analysis applied Expert System, Fortran 90 application and Spatial Analysis test based on Geographic Information System. The result showed that location at Kayu Bangkoa neighborhood was selected as the most potential location for coastal TOD development.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48677744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.4090/JUEE.2018.V12N2.266276
Deepa Basrur, J. Bhat
In this work, activated carbon obtained from agro- based material, mustard seeds were used as an adsorbent for the adsorption study of crystal violet (CV) and citric acid (CA). The characterization of synthesised carbon material was performed by various techniques, such as FTIR, SEM, TGA and XRD. FTIR absorption bands of activated carbon exhibited the presence of functional groups on the surface of activated carbon and SEM images showed the impregnation of the pores on the surface of the synthesised activated carbon. Adsorption experiments were conducted to study its capacity as an adsorbent, under various conditions such as concentration, agitation time and temperature. The data acquired from concentration variation found to fit well with Freundlich isotherm. It was shown that the adsorption of dye and acid were better described by the second order kinetic model. Positive values of ΔHo indicated that the process is endothermic and negative values of ΔGo confirmed feasibility of the system. The results showed that microwave activated carbon was more effective for the removal of crystal violet.
{"title":"PREPARATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM MUSTARD SEED AND ITS ADSORPTION EFFICIENCY TOWARDS DYE AND ACID","authors":"Deepa Basrur, J. Bhat","doi":"10.4090/JUEE.2018.V12N2.266276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/JUEE.2018.V12N2.266276","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, activated carbon obtained from agro- based material, mustard seeds were used as an adsorbent for the adsorption study of crystal violet (CV) and citric acid (CA). The characterization of synthesised carbon material was performed by various techniques, such as FTIR, SEM, TGA and XRD. FTIR absorption bands of activated carbon exhibited the presence of functional groups on the surface of activated carbon and SEM images showed the impregnation of the pores on the surface of the synthesised activated carbon. Adsorption experiments were conducted to study its capacity as an adsorbent, under various conditions such as concentration, agitation time and temperature. The data acquired from concentration variation found to fit well with Freundlich isotherm. It was shown that the adsorption of dye and acid were better described by the second order kinetic model. Positive values of ΔHo indicated that the process is endothermic and negative values of ΔGo confirmed feasibility of the system. The results showed that microwave activated carbon was more effective for the removal of crystal violet.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42722963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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