To describe patient characteristics, laboratory data, fetal orientation, methods of correction, survival, and treatment in miniature equids with dystocia.
Design
Retrospective study conducted from January 2002 to June 2023.
Setting
Equine referral hospital and field service.
Animals
Seventy animals with a total of 78 instances of dystocia.
Interventions
None.
Measurements and Main Results
Recorded variables included signalment, clinicopathologic data, fetal presentation, correction method, survival to discharge, and complications. The survival of miniature equid mares was 94% (73/78), while survival of foals was 17% (13/78). The most common causes of dystocia were abnormal limb presentation in 27% (21/78), neck flexion in 23% (18/78), and caudal presentation with bilateral hip flexion in 17% (13/78). The correction methods used were controlled vaginal delivery in 45% (35/78), assisted vaginal delivery in 35% (27/78), cesarean delivery in 17% (13/78), and fetotomy in 4% (3/78). Complications included retained fetal membranes in 19% (15/78), metritis in 8% (6/78), obturator nerve paralysis in 5% (4/78), and hyperlipidemia in 5% (4/78).
Conclusions
Miniature equid mares appear likely to survive dystocia. The condition can be resolved by controlled or assisted vaginal delivery in the majority of cases. Continued research and training are needed to improve survival in foals.
{"title":"Retrospective Evaluation of Dystocia in Miniature Equids: 78 Cases (2002–2023)","authors":"Ari Merari, Langdon Fielding","doi":"10.1111/vec.70014","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe patient characteristics, laboratory data, fetal orientation, methods of correction, survival, and treatment in miniature equids with dystocia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective study conducted from January 2002 to June 2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Equine referral hospital and field service.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seventy animals with a total of 78 instances of dystocia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interventions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>None.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recorded variables included signalment, clinicopathologic data, fetal presentation, correction method, survival to discharge, and complications. The survival of miniature equid mares was 94% (73/78), while survival of foals was 17% (13/78). The most common causes of dystocia were abnormal limb presentation in 27% (21/78), neck flexion in 23% (18/78), and caudal presentation with bilateral hip flexion in 17% (13/78). The correction methods used were controlled vaginal delivery in 45% (35/78), assisted vaginal delivery in 35% (27/78), cesarean delivery in 17% (13/78), and fetotomy in 4% (3/78). Complications included retained fetal membranes in 19% (15/78), metritis in 8% (6/78), obturator nerve paralysis in 5% (4/78), and hyperlipidemia in 5% (4/78).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Miniature equid mares appear likely to survive dystocia. The condition can be resolved by controlled or assisted vaginal delivery in the majority of cases. Continued research and training are needed to improve survival in foals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 4","pages":"386-391"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vec.70014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William J. McLanachan, Kellie M. Farraway, David M. Burgess, Sibylle Buob
Objective
To describe the complications and subsequent surgical management of a colonic stricture associated with the use of a rectal Foley catheter for the treatment of a dog with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome.
Case Summary
A 5-year-old intact female Poodle mix initially presented with a 12-24-h history of bloody diarrhea and lethargy. A diagnosis of severe acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome was made, and the dog was hospitalized for supportive care including placement of an 18-French rectal Foley catheter to reduce patient fecal contamination. Four-quadrant antibiotic therapy was started when signs of sepsis were identified. The rectal Foley catheter remained in place for 72 h before removal. The patient made a full recovery and was discharged 5 days after initial presentation. Four weeks later, the patient returned with a 10-day history of obstipation, hyporexia, and intermittent vomiting. A colonoscopy was performed, which identified a complete colonic stricture consistent with the previous site of the rectal Foley catheter retention balloon. The stricture could not be dilated with a rectal balloon catheter, and subsequently, the dog underwent a colonic resection and anastomosis. Within hours postoperatively, the dog passed feces and was discharged the following day. At the 12-month follow-up, the patient was clinically well with no recurrence of obstipation or tenesmus.
New or Unique Information Provided
Risks associated with rectal Foley catheter use in dogs have not been previously reported; therefore, treating clinicians should carefully consider the potential complications before placement. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper in veterinary medicine to document the complications associated with the use of a rectal Foley catheter in a dog.
{"title":"Colonic Stricture Formation in a Dog Treated for Acute Hemorrhagic Diarrhea Syndrome With a Rectal Foley Catheter","authors":"William J. McLanachan, Kellie M. Farraway, David M. Burgess, Sibylle Buob","doi":"10.1111/vec.70010","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe the complications and subsequent surgical management of a colonic stricture associated with the use of a rectal Foley catheter for the treatment of a dog with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case Summary</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 5-year-old intact female Poodle mix initially presented with a 12-24-h history of bloody diarrhea and lethargy. A diagnosis of severe acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome was made, and the dog was hospitalized for supportive care including placement of an 18-French rectal Foley catheter to reduce patient fecal contamination. Four-quadrant antibiotic therapy was started when signs of sepsis were identified. The rectal Foley catheter remained in place for 72 h before removal. The patient made a full recovery and was discharged 5 days after initial presentation. Four weeks later, the patient returned with a 10-day history of obstipation, hyporexia, and intermittent vomiting. A colonoscopy was performed, which identified a complete colonic stricture consistent with the previous site of the rectal Foley catheter retention balloon. The stricture could not be dilated with a rectal balloon catheter, and subsequently, the dog underwent a colonic resection and anastomosis. Within hours postoperatively, the dog passed feces and was discharged the following day. At the 12-month follow-up, the patient was clinically well with no recurrence of obstipation or tenesmus.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> New or Unique Information Provided</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Risks associated with rectal Foley catheter use in dogs have not been previously reported; therefore, treating clinicians should carefully consider the potential complications before placement. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper in veterinary medicine to document the complications associated with the use of a rectal Foley catheter in a dog.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 4","pages":"436-441"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144818548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joanna Faircloth, Langdon Fielding, Kira Epstein, Naomi Crabtree, Cathleen Mochal, K. Gary Magdesian, Dustin Major
Objective
To describe the clinical presentation of horses with synchronous diaphragmatic flutter (SDF) and identify clinical and laboratory variables associated with survival.
Design
Retrospective study from January 2004 to September 2022.
Setting
Five large animal referral hospitals in the United States.
Animals
Thirty-seven horses of various breeds and ages presenting with clinical signs of SDF, excluding animals participating in an endurance competition. All horses were >1 year of age.
Interventions
None.
Measurements and Main Results
Variables recorded and analyzed included signalment, clinical and laboratory data, treatments, and outcome. SDF was seen with gastrointestinal disease in 35% (13/37) of horses. The survival for horses with SDF was 78.4% (29/37). Nonsurvivors had a higher heart rate (78 ± 15/min) than survivors (58 ± 17/min; p = 0.01). Nonsurviving horses were more likely than surviving horses to have had nasogastric reflux (odds ratio: 16.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.9–222.8). Compared with survivors, nonsurvivors had a lower sodium concentration (131 ± 7 mmol/L [131 ± 7 mEq/L]) and bicarbonate concentration (22.7 ± 2.8 mmol/L [22.7 ± 2.8 mEq/L]). Nonsurvivors had higher lactate concentration (7.1 ± 3.9 mmol/L [64 ± 35.1 mg/dL]), glucose concentration (20 [13.3–29] mmol/L; 378 [239–522] mg/dL), and gamma-glutamyltransferase activity (51 [27–687] U/L). In horses that had ionized calcium concentration measured, 13 of 18 (72%) had a concentration <1.3 mmol/L (5.2 mg/dL).
Conclusions
SDF in horses is seen concurrently with gastrointestinal and other diseases, and not all horses present with hypocalcemia. The survival for nonendurance horses with SDF was 78%. Nonsurvival was associated with increased heart rate, the presence of nasogastric reflux, and a variety of laboratory abnormalities.
{"title":"Retrospective Evaluation of Synchronous Diaphragmatic Flutter in Horses: 37 Cases (2004–2022)","authors":"Joanna Faircloth, Langdon Fielding, Kira Epstein, Naomi Crabtree, Cathleen Mochal, K. Gary Magdesian, Dustin Major","doi":"10.1111/vec.70009","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe the clinical presentation of horses with synchronous diaphragmatic flutter (SDF) and identify clinical and laboratory variables associated with survival.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective study from January 2004 to September 2022.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Five large animal referral hospitals in the United States.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-seven horses of various breeds and ages presenting with clinical signs of SDF, excluding animals participating in an endurance competition. All horses were >1 year of age.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interventions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>None.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Variables recorded and analyzed included signalment, clinical and laboratory data, treatments, and outcome. SDF was seen with gastrointestinal disease in 35% (13/37) of horses. The survival for horses with SDF was 78.4% (29/37). Nonsurvivors had a higher heart rate (78 ± 15/min) than survivors (58 ± 17/min; <i>p</i> = 0.01). Nonsurviving horses were more likely than surviving horses to have had nasogastric reflux (odds ratio: 16.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.9–222.8). Compared with survivors, nonsurvivors had a lower sodium concentration (131 ± 7 mmol/L [131 ± 7 mEq/L]) and bicarbonate concentration (22.7 ± 2.8 mmol/L [22.7 ± 2.8 mEq/L]). Nonsurvivors had higher lactate concentration (7.1 ± 3.9 mmol/L [64 ± 35.1 mg/dL]), glucose concentration (20 [13.3–29] mmol/L; 378 [239–522] mg/dL), and gamma-glutamyltransferase activity (51 [27–687] U/L). In horses that had ionized calcium concentration measured, 13 of 18 (72%) had a concentration <1.3 mmol/L (5.2 mg/dL).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SDF in horses is seen concurrently with gastrointestinal and other diseases, and not all horses present with hypocalcemia. The survival for nonendurance horses with SDF was 78%. Nonsurvival was associated with increased heart rate, the presence of nasogastric reflux, and a variety of laboratory abnormalities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 4","pages":"392-397"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144818549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sheyla Dominguez, Laura Vilalta, Alejandra García de Carellán Mateo, Emmelie Stock, Katleen Hermans
Objective
To assess the accuracy of a point-of-care thoracic ultrasound examination for the evaluation of the pulmonary parenchyma in rabbits without lower respiratory signs using thoracic radiography or computed tomography (CT) as the reference standard. An additional objective was to establish a baseline frequency and number of B-lines in rabbits without pulmonary disease.
Design
Prospective, multicenter, clinical study from December 2021 to July 2023.
Setting
University teaching hospital and an emergency and specialty referral center.
Animals
Sixty-three pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) without lower respiratory signs and with lungs verified to be healthy with radiography or CT.
Interventions
Rabbits were screened for signs of respiratory disease. A modified point-of-care thoracic ultrasound examination was performed on each conscious rabbit, followed by a thoracic radiography or CT study. The frequency and number of B-lines were statistically compared based on signalment, body condition score, and health status.
Measurements and Main Results
The overall frequency of B-lines was 33.3% (21/63) in rabbits without pulmonary disease. Most B-lines were categorized as single discrete artifacts. A single region was positive for B-lines in 17 of 21 rabbits, with 14 of them having a single B-line, two having two B-lines, and one having three B-lines. Two and three regions were positive in three and one rabbit, respectively. Cranial thoracic ultrasound revealed mediastinal tissue rather than pulmonary parenchyma in 61 of 63 rabbits.
Conclusions
This study evaluated a modified point-of-care thoracic ultrasound, including B-line frequency and distribution, and described what can be expected as a normal thoracic ultrasound in rabbits without pulmonary disease. Findings indicate that isolated B-line artifacts can be detected within the lungs of rabbits without pulmonary disease. Additional studies are needed to describe the pulmonary ultrasonographic features in rabbits with respiratory conditions and to determine the clinical use of this diagnostic technique in those cases.
{"title":"Frequency and Number of B-Lines Using a Point-of-Care Thoracic Ultrasound Examination in Pet Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Without Pulmonary Disease","authors":"Sheyla Dominguez, Laura Vilalta, Alejandra García de Carellán Mateo, Emmelie Stock, Katleen Hermans","doi":"10.1111/vec.70000","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess the accuracy of a point-of-care thoracic ultrasound examination for the evaluation of the pulmonary parenchyma in rabbits without lower respiratory signs using thoracic radiography or computed tomography (CT) as the reference standard. An additional objective was to establish a baseline frequency and number of B-lines in rabbits without pulmonary disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective, multicenter, clinical study from December 2021 to July 2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>University teaching hospital and an emergency and specialty referral center.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty-three pet rabbits (<i>Oryctolagus cuniculus</i>) without lower respiratory signs and with lungs verified to be healthy with radiography or CT.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interventions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rabbits were screened for signs of respiratory disease. A modified point-of-care thoracic ultrasound examination was performed on each conscious rabbit, followed by a thoracic radiography or CT study. The frequency and number of B-lines were statistically compared based on signalment, body condition score, and health status.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The overall frequency of B-lines was 33.3% (21/63) in rabbits without pulmonary disease. Most B-lines were categorized as single discrete artifacts. A single region was positive for B-lines in 17 of 21 rabbits, with 14 of them having a single B-line, two having two B-lines, and one having three B-lines. Two and three regions were positive in three and one rabbit, respectively. Cranial thoracic ultrasound revealed mediastinal tissue rather than pulmonary parenchyma in 61 of 63 rabbits.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study evaluated a modified point-of-care thoracic ultrasound, including B-line frequency and distribution, and described what can be expected as a normal thoracic ultrasound in rabbits without pulmonary disease. Findings indicate that isolated B-line artifacts can be detected within the lungs of rabbits without pulmonary disease. Additional studies are needed to describe the pulmonary ultrasonographic features in rabbits with respiratory conditions and to determine the clinical use of this diagnostic technique in those cases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 3","pages":"233-238"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144746341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kristina K. Maier-Millar, Kate S. Farrell, Steven E. Epstein
Objective
To compare the iron and hematologic parameters of dogs donating blood for the first time with those of dogs with a donation history of six or more donations in a 12-month period.
Design
Prospective observational study.
Setting
University teaching hospital.
Animals
Sixty-one client-owned dogs were recruited from January 2022 to March 2023. Participants were enrolled in the institution's canine blood donor program and were either first-time blood donors or had donated six or more times in the previous 12 months (experienced donors).
Interventions
Blood samples were collected for CBC, reticulocyte analysis, and serum iron parameters.
Measurements and Main Results
When evaluating iron indices and hematologic parameters related to mature erythrocytes and reticulocytes, the only parameter that differed between experienced and first-time donors was mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, with mean ± SD values of 338 ± 8 g/L (33.8 ± 0.8 g/dL) and 344 ± 8 g/L (34.4 ± 0.8 g/dL; P = 0.01), respectively. Two experienced donors had a low serum ferritin concentration (150 and 120 pmol/L [54 and 66 ng/mL], reference interval: 200–1100 pmol/L [89–489 ng/mL]), including the highest lifetime blood volume donor; neither dog had other hematologic abnormalities. Serum ferritin did not differ between experienced (median: 607 pmol/L [270 ng/mL], range: 120–1290 pmol/L [54–572 ng/mL]) and first-time (median: 670 pmol/L [298 ng/mL], range: 292–2140 pmol/L [130–954 ng/mL]) donor populations (P = 0.07), and the percentage of donors with low ferritin did not differ between groups (experienced donors, 5% [n = 41]; first-time donors, 0% [n = 20]; P = 0.32).
Conclusions
Experienced donors did not develop significant evidence of iron deficiency, microcytosis, or anemia compared with first-time donors. Blood banks could consider evaluating the iron status of donors if they donate consistently and frequently; however, iron deficiency appears to be an uncommon sequela in this population of blood donor dogs.
{"title":"Evaluation of Iron Status and Hematologic Parameters in Canine Blood Donors With Various Donation Frequencies","authors":"Kristina K. Maier-Millar, Kate S. Farrell, Steven E. Epstein","doi":"10.1111/vec.70005","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To compare the iron and hematologic parameters of dogs donating blood for the first time with those of dogs with a donation history of six or more donations in a 12-month period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective observational study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>University teaching hospital.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty-one client-owned dogs were recruited from January 2022 to March 2023. Participants were enrolled in the institution's canine blood donor program and were either first-time blood donors or had donated six or more times in the previous 12 months (experienced donors).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interventions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Blood samples were collected for CBC, reticulocyte analysis, and serum iron parameters.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>When evaluating iron indices and hematologic parameters related to mature erythrocytes and reticulocytes, the only parameter that differed between experienced and first-time donors was mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, with mean ± <i>SD</i> values of 338 ± 8 g/L (33.8 ± 0.8 g/dL) and 344 ± 8 g/L (34.4 ± 0.8 g/dL; <i>P</i> = 0.01), respectively. Two experienced donors had a low serum ferritin concentration (150 and 120 pmol/L [54 and 66 ng/mL], reference interval: 200–1100 pmol/L [89–489 ng/mL]), including the highest lifetime blood volume donor; neither dog had other hematologic abnormalities. Serum ferritin did not differ between experienced (median: 607 pmol/L [270 ng/mL], range: 120–1290 pmol/L [54–572 ng/mL]) and first-time (median: 670 pmol/L [298 ng/mL], range: 292–2140 pmol/L [130–954 ng/mL]) donor populations (<i>P</i> = 0.07), and the percentage of donors with low ferritin did not differ between groups (experienced donors, 5% [<i>n</i> = 41]; first-time donors, 0% [<i>n</i> = 20]; <i>P</i> = 0.32).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Experienced donors did not develop significant evidence of iron deficiency, microcytosis, or anemia compared with first-time donors. Blood banks could consider evaluating the iron status of donors if they donate consistently and frequently; however, iron deficiency appears to be an uncommon sequela in this population of blood donor dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 4","pages":"353-360"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144746340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emily Jane Stacey, Stefano Cortellini, Laura Pearl Cole
Objective
To describe the prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in canine and feline trauma and to determine associations between AKI and trauma severity, outcome, species, and other factors.
Design
Analysis of cases submitted by one hospital to the Veterinary Committee on Trauma registry between April 2017 and February 2021 that had blood creatinine concentration measured within 6 h of presentation after trauma.
Setting
University teaching hospital in the United Kingdom.
Animals
A total of 220 canine and 167 feline trauma patients.
Measurements and Main Results
Azotemic AKI was defined as creatinine concentration > 140 µmol/L (1.58 mg/dL) and subgrouped by fluid responsiveness according to the International Renal Interest Society. Hospital-acquired AKI (HAAKI) was defined as a serial increase in creatinine concentration ≥ 26.4 µmol/L (≥ 0.3 mg/dL) from a nonazotemic baseline. Trauma severity, Animal Trauma Triage (ATT) score, survival, age, and species were compared between groups with and without AKI. Twenty-eight of 387 (7.24%) cases (23/167 [13.8% cats]; 5/220 [2.3% dogs]) had AKI on presentation. Cats were more likely to present with AKI than dogs (odds ratio: 4.95; 95% confidence interval, 2.36–10.8; P < 0.0001). Nine of 17 (52.9%) azotemic AKI patients in which serial creatinine concentrations were available had fluid-responsive AKI. HAAKI was documented in seven of 105 patients (6.67%). Median ATT score on presentation was higher in azotemic AKI than non-AKI cases (P = 0.02). Twenty-two of 28 (78.6%) azotemic AKI cases, three of seven (42.9%) HAAKI cases, and 316 of 359 (89.8%) non-AKI cases survived.
Conclusions
AKI occurs in canine and feline trauma and appears associated with higher trauma severity. Its impact on survival requires further investigation.
{"title":"Retrospective Evaluation of Acute Kidney Injury and Its Association With Severity and Outcome in Small Animal Trauma Patients: 387 Cases (2017–2021)","authors":"Emily Jane Stacey, Stefano Cortellini, Laura Pearl Cole","doi":"10.1111/vec.70006","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe the prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in canine and feline trauma and to determine associations between AKI and trauma severity, outcome, species, and other factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Analysis of cases submitted by one hospital to the Veterinary Committee on Trauma registry between April 2017 and February 2021 that had blood creatinine concentration measured within 6 h of presentation after trauma.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>University teaching hospital in the United Kingdom.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 220 canine and 167 feline trauma patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Azotemic AKI was defined as creatinine concentration > 140 µmol/L (1.58 mg/dL) and subgrouped by fluid responsiveness according to the International Renal Interest Society. Hospital-acquired AKI (HAAKI) was defined as a serial increase in creatinine concentration ≥ 26.4 µmol/L (≥ 0.3 mg/dL) from a nonazotemic baseline. Trauma severity, Animal Trauma Triage (ATT) score, survival, age, and species were compared between groups with and without AKI. Twenty-eight of 387 (7.24%) cases (23/167 [13.8% cats]; 5/220 [2.3% dogs]) had AKI on presentation. Cats were more likely to present with AKI than dogs (odds ratio: 4.95; 95% confidence interval, 2.36–10.8; <i>P</i> < 0.0001). Nine of 17 (52.9%) azotemic AKI patients in which serial creatinine concentrations were available had fluid-responsive AKI. HAAKI was documented in seven of 105 patients (6.67%). Median ATT score on presentation was higher in azotemic AKI than non-AKI cases (<i>P</i> = 0.02). Twenty-two of 28 (78.6%) azotemic AKI cases, three of seven (42.9%) HAAKI cases, and 316 of 359 (89.8%) non-AKI cases survived.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>AKI occurs in canine and feline trauma and appears associated with higher trauma severity. Its impact on survival requires further investigation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 4","pages":"398-407"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vec.70006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144746343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frederick John Benham-Crosswell, Nieka Orire Arthur Payne, Lydia Joy Hjalmarsson, Karen R. Humm
Objective
To characterize serum total bilirubin (TBil) value within 72 h of admission in cats and dogs with septic peritonitis or pyothorax and its relationship with outcome.
Design
Cross-sectional retrospective study.
Setting
University teaching hospital.
Animals
Sixteen cats with pyothorax, 28 cats with septic peritonitis, 49 dogs with pyothorax, and 86 dogs with septic peritonitis were included. Patients with evidence of hemolytic anemia, hepatic, or biliary disease were excluded.
Methods
TBil within 72 h of admission, normalized to a range of 0–4.2 µmol/L (0–0.25 mg/dL) for dogs and 0–5.1 µmol/L (0–0.30 mg/dL) for cats (nTBil), length of hospitalization, and outcome (survived to discharge, euthanized, or cardiopulmonary arrest [CPA]) were recorded in each group of animals. The difference in nTBil between outcome groups was assessed using a Kruskal–Wallis test, and the difference in mortality between normobilirubinemic and hyperbilirubinemic patients was assessed using a χ2 test.
Results
The median (range) nTBil and frequency of hyperbilirubinemia were 6.3 (70.8) µmol/L (0.37 [4.14] mg/dL) and 82% in cats with septic peritonitis and 3.1 (120.3) µmol/L (0.18 [7.04] mg/dL) and 56% in cats with pyothorax. The median nTBil was significantly higher in cats that were euthanized or had CPA compared with survivors. Mortality was significantly higher in hyperbilirubinemic cats (48%) compared with normobilirubinemic cats (9%). There was no significant difference in median nTBil between dogs that survived, were euthanized, or had CPA. Mortality was significantly higher in hyperbilirubinemic dogs (45%) compared with normobilirubinemic dogs (28%).
Conclusion
Hyperbilirubinemia is common in cats and dogs with pyothorax and septic peritonitis and is associated with an increased mortality.
{"title":"Retrospective Evaluation of Hyperbilirubinemia in Cats and Dogs With Septic Peritonitis or Pyothorax","authors":"Frederick John Benham-Crosswell, Nieka Orire Arthur Payne, Lydia Joy Hjalmarsson, Karen R. Humm","doi":"10.1111/vec.70007","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To characterize serum total bilirubin (TBil) value within 72 h of admission in cats and dogs with septic peritonitis or pyothorax and its relationship with outcome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cross-sectional retrospective study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>University teaching hospital.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixteen cats with pyothorax, 28 cats with septic peritonitis, 49 dogs with pyothorax, and 86 dogs with septic peritonitis were included. Patients with evidence of hemolytic anemia, hepatic, or biliary disease were excluded.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>TBil within 72 h of admission, normalized to a range of 0–4.2 µmol/L (0–0.25 mg/dL) for dogs and 0–5.1 µmol/L (0–0.30 mg/dL) for cats (nTBil), length of hospitalization, and outcome (survived to discharge, euthanized, or cardiopulmonary arrest [CPA]) were recorded in each group of animals. The difference in nTBil between outcome groups was assessed using a Kruskal–Wallis test, and the difference in mortality between normobilirubinemic and hyperbilirubinemic patients was assessed using a <i>χ</i><sup>2</sup> test.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The median (range) nTBil and frequency of hyperbilirubinemia were 6.3 (70.8) µmol/L (0.37 [4.14] mg/dL) and 82% in cats with septic peritonitis and 3.1 (120.3) µmol/L (0.18 [7.04] mg/dL) and 56% in cats with pyothorax. The median nTBil was significantly higher in cats that were euthanized or had CPA compared with survivors. Mortality was significantly higher in hyperbilirubinemic cats (48%) compared with normobilirubinemic cats (9%). There was no significant difference in median nTBil between dogs that survived, were euthanized, or had CPA. Mortality was significantly higher in hyperbilirubinemic dogs (45%) compared with normobilirubinemic dogs (28%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hyperbilirubinemia is common in cats and dogs with pyothorax and septic peritonitis and is associated with an increased mortality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 4","pages":"408-414"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vec.70007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144746342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Janet L. Roque-Torres, Andrew D. Woolcock, Andrea Santos, Priscila Beatriz da Silva Serpa, Abhijit Mukhopadhyay, George E. Moore
Objective
To describe storage and oxidative lesions in canine packed red blood cells (pRBCs) during routine storage with additives, including saline, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), ascorbic acid (AA), and vitamin E analog (VE).
Design
Prospective, comparative study of canine pRBCs with or without antioxidant additives during routine 42-day storage.
Setting
University teaching hospital.
Animals
Nine leukoreduced units of canine pRBCs were aseptically separated into three aliquots (Groups 1, 2, and 3) on the same day as collection (day 0). All aliquots were shipped overnight and received by the investigators on day 1.
Interventions
Antioxidants (or control solution) were added on day 1, with three treatment groups that included saline (control, Group 1), NAC and AA (Group 2), and AA and a VE (Group 3).
Measurements and Main Results
Blood was collected from each aliquot on day 1, before the addition of antioxidants for baseline measurement of glutathione and intraerythrocytic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additional samples were collected from each aliquot on days 7, 28, and 42. Type 3 fixed-effects tests were used to compare the impact of group and time on each measurement. All groups showed storage lesions and glutathione depletion by day 42 compared with baseline, regardless of the antioxidant additive. Intraerythrocytic ROS accumulation was lower in Group 3 (AA and a VE) compared with other groups at all time points after baseline (p < 0.0001).
Conclusions
The addition of AA and a VE to canine pRBCs reduced ROS accumulation but did not prevent glutathione depletion during routine storage. Further studies using antioxidants as additives in canine pRBCs are warranted.
{"title":"Effect of N-Acetylcysteine, Ascorbic Acid, and a Vitamin E Analog on Oxidative and Storage Lesions in Canine Packed Red Blood Cells","authors":"Janet L. Roque-Torres, Andrew D. Woolcock, Andrea Santos, Priscila Beatriz da Silva Serpa, Abhijit Mukhopadhyay, George E. Moore","doi":"10.1111/vec.70002","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe storage and oxidative lesions in canine packed red blood cells (pRBCs) during routine storage with additives, including saline, <i>N</i>-acetylcysteine (NAC), ascorbic acid (AA), and vitamin E analog (VE).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective, comparative study of canine pRBCs with or without antioxidant additives during routine 42-day storage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>University teaching hospital.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nine leukoreduced units of canine pRBCs were aseptically separated into three aliquots (Groups 1, 2, and 3) on the same day as collection (day 0). All aliquots were shipped overnight and received by the investigators on day 1.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interventions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Antioxidants (or control solution) were added on day 1, with three treatment groups that included saline (control, Group 1), NAC and AA (Group 2), and AA and a VE (Group 3).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Blood was collected from each aliquot on day 1, before the addition of antioxidants for baseline measurement of glutathione and intraerythrocytic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additional samples were collected from each aliquot on days 7, 28, and 42. Type 3 fixed-effects tests were used to compare the impact of group and time on each measurement. All groups showed storage lesions and glutathione depletion by day 42 compared with baseline, regardless of the antioxidant additive. Intraerythrocytic ROS accumulation was lower in Group 3 (AA and a VE) compared with other groups at all time points after baseline (<i>p</i> < 0.0001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The addition of AA and a VE to canine pRBCs reduced ROS accumulation but did not prevent glutathione depletion during routine storage. Further studies using antioxidants as additives in canine pRBCs are warranted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 3","pages":"207-213"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vec.70002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144585695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hajeong Yoon, Benjamin M. Brainard, Britt A. L. Thevelein, Amie Koenig
Objective
To describe the epidemiology of, and injuries associated with, low- versus higher-speed vehicular trauma and to identify risk factors associated with mortality.
Design
Retrospective study from January 2015 to November 2020.
Setting
University teaching hospital.
Animals
A total of 150 dogs with low-speed (<20 mph) vehicular rollover (LSVRO) trauma and 272 dogs with other vehicular trauma (hit by car [HBC]).
Interventions
None.
Measurements and Main Results
Eighty-five percent of vehicles causing LSVRO trauma were driven by owners or family members of the dogs. Dogs in the LSVRO group were older (median: 4 vs. 2 years, p = 0.001), smaller (median weight: 11 vs. 21.5 kg, p = 0.001), and more often female (53.3% vs. 40.1%, p = 0.005) than the HBC group. Pelvic fractures, sacroiliac luxation, prepubic tendon rupture, and vertebral fractures were more common in the LSVRO group, and more soft tissue surgical procedures were required than in the HBC group (18.0% vs. 8.85%, p = 0.02). Within the LSVRO group, abdominal injuries (e.g., abdominal hernia, prepubic tendon rupture), pelvic fractures, and traumatic brain injury were all associated with increased mortality. Surviving dogs had higher ionized calcium concentration (1.26 ± 0.1 mmol/L) than those that died (1.18 ± 0.1 mmol/L, p = 0.003). There was a 40% reduction in survival odds for every 1-point increase in animal trauma triage score (p < 0.001). Blood product requirement and each soft tissue surgery increased mortality by 98% (p < 0.001) and 74% (p = 0.001), respectively, while orthopedic surgery conferred a 25-fold increase in odds of survival (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
LSVRO trauma is characterized by a specific constellation of injuries compared with HBC trauma. Veterinary practitioners should be aware of the differences between the two trauma types and focus triage, resuscitation, and diagnostic tests in dogs with LSVRO trauma accordingly.
目的：描述低速与高速车辆创伤的流行病学和相关损伤，并确定与死亡率相关的危险因素。设计：2015年1月至2020年11月的回顾性研究。单位：大学教学医院。动物：共150只低速犬（干预：无）。测量结果和主要结果：造成LSVRO创伤的车辆中，85%是由狗的主人或家庭成员驾驶的。LSVRO组的狗比HBC组更老（中位数：4岁对2岁，P = 0.001），更小（中位数体重：11对21.5 kg, P = 0.001），雌性狗更多（53.3%对40.1%,P = 0.005）。盆腔骨折、骶髂脱位、耻骨前肌腱断裂和椎体骨折在LSVRO组中更为常见，并且比HBC组需要更多的软组织手术（18.0%比8.85%,P = 0.02）。在LSVRO组中，腹部损伤（如腹疝、耻骨前肌腱断裂）、骨盆骨折和创伤性脑损伤均与死亡率增加有关。存活犬的离子钙浓度（1.26±0.1 mmol/L）高于死亡犬（1.18±0.1 mmol/L, P = 0.003）。动物创伤分诊评分每增加1分，生存几率降低40% (P)结论：与HBC创伤相比，LSVRO创伤具有特定的损伤特征。兽医从业者应该意识到两种创伤类型之间的差异，并相应地关注LSVRO创伤犬的分诊、复苏和诊断测试。
{"title":"Characteristics of Low-Speed Vehicular Rollover Trauma in Dogs Presenting to an Emergency Service at a Veterinary Teaching Hospital","authors":"Hajeong Yoon, Benjamin M. Brainard, Britt A. L. Thevelein, Amie Koenig","doi":"10.1111/vec.70003","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe the epidemiology of, and injuries associated with, low- versus higher-speed vehicular trauma and to identify risk factors associated with mortality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective study from January 2015 to November 2020.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>University teaching hospital.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 150 dogs with low-speed (<20 mph) vehicular rollover (LSVRO) trauma and 272 dogs with other vehicular trauma (hit by car [HBC]).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interventions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>None.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eighty-five percent of vehicles causing LSVRO trauma were driven by owners or family members of the dogs. Dogs in the LSVRO group were older (median: 4 vs. 2 years, <i>p</i> = 0.001), smaller (median weight: 11 vs. 21.5 kg, <i>p</i> = 0.001), and more often female (53.3% vs. 40.1%, <i>p</i> = 0.005) than the HBC group. Pelvic fractures, sacroiliac luxation, prepubic tendon rupture, and vertebral fractures were more common in the LSVRO group, and more soft tissue surgical procedures were required than in the HBC group (18.0% vs. 8.85%, <i>p</i> = 0.02). Within the LSVRO group, abdominal injuries (e.g., abdominal hernia, prepubic tendon rupture), pelvic fractures, and traumatic brain injury were all associated with increased mortality. Surviving dogs had higher ionized calcium concentration (1.26 ± 0.1 mmol/L) than those that died (1.18 ± 0.1 mmol/L, <i>p</i> = 0.003). There was a 40% reduction in survival odds for every 1-point increase in animal trauma triage score (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Blood product requirement and each soft tissue surgery increased mortality by 98% (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and 74% (<i>p</i> = 0.001), respectively, while orthopedic surgery conferred a 25-fold increase in odds of survival (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>LSVRO trauma is characterized by a specific constellation of injuries compared with HBC trauma. Veterinary practitioners should be aware of the differences between the two trauma types and focus triage, resuscitation, and diagnostic tests in dogs with LSVRO trauma accordingly.</p>\u0000 </s","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 3","pages":"246-257"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vec.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144585694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Morgan Alexandra Stark, Paula M. Simons, Bridget Mary Lyons
Objective
To determine the ability of the blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) to differentiate between bacterial pneumonia and nonbacterial pneumonia in dogs undergoing airway sampling.
Design
Retrospective study.
Setting
A university teaching hospital and affiliated private practice specialty hospital.
Animals
Forty-one client-owned dogs undergoing airway sampling with CBCs performed within 48 h of collecting airway lavage samples between January 2018 and December 2022.
Interventions
None.
Measurements and Main Results
Medical records were reviewed and the following parameters were recorded: signalment, length of hospitalization, WBC count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, type of airway sampling, airway cytology and culture results, timing of antimicrobial use, radiographic findings, concurrent diseases, final diagnosis, and outcome. Patients that received corticosteroids or had hematological neoplasia were excluded. Of the 41 dogs included, 51.2% (21/41) were diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia. Twenty-three patients (56.1%) received antimicrobials before airway lavage, and 11 (47.8%) of these dogs were diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia. Of the 18 patients (43.9%) that did not receive antimicrobials before airway lavage, 10 (55.6%) were diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia. One dog (2.4%) underwent a transtracheal wash, 16 (39%) underwent a bronchoalveolar lavage, and 24 (58.5%) underwent an endotracheal wash. NLR was not significantly associated with bacterial pneumonia (p = 0.248). In dogs with bacterial pneumonia, NLR was not associated with mortality (p = 0.454) or length of hospital stay (LOS) (p = 0.282). NLR was positively associated with LOS when all dogs were analyzed together (p = 0.042).
Conclusions
NLR was not different in dogs with bacterial pneumonia than in dogs without bacterial pneumonia. NLR was positively associated with LOS when all dogs were included in the analysis (p = 0.042).
{"title":"Evaluation of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Diagnostic Marker in Dogs With Bacterial Pneumonia","authors":"Morgan Alexandra Stark, Paula M. Simons, Bridget Mary Lyons","doi":"10.1111/vec.13475","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.13475","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To determine the ability of the blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) to differentiate between bacterial pneumonia and nonbacterial pneumonia in dogs undergoing airway sampling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A university teaching hospital and affiliated private practice specialty hospital.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty-one client-owned dogs undergoing airway sampling with CBCs performed within 48 h of collecting airway lavage samples between January 2018 and December 2022.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interventions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>None.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Medical records were reviewed and the following parameters were recorded: signalment, length of hospitalization, WBC count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, type of airway sampling, airway cytology and culture results, timing of antimicrobial use, radiographic findings, concurrent diseases, final diagnosis, and outcome. Patients that received corticosteroids or had hematological neoplasia were excluded. Of the 41 dogs included, 51.2% (21/41) were diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia. Twenty-three patients (56.1%) received antimicrobials before airway lavage, and 11 (47.8%) of these dogs were diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia. Of the 18 patients (43.9%) that did not receive antimicrobials before airway lavage, 10 (55.6%) were diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia. One dog (2.4%) underwent a transtracheal wash, 16 (39%) underwent a bronchoalveolar lavage, and 24 (58.5%) underwent an endotracheal wash. NLR was not significantly associated with bacterial pneumonia (<i>p</i> = 0.248). In dogs with bacterial pneumonia, NLR was not associated with mortality (<i>p</i> = 0.454) or length of hospital stay (LOS) (<i>p</i> = 0.282). NLR was positively associated with LOS when all dogs were analyzed together (<i>p</i> = 0.042).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>NLR was not different in dogs with bacterial pneumonia than in dogs without bacterial pneumonia. NLR was positively associated with LOS when all dogs were included in the analysis (<i>p</i> = 0.042).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 3","pages":"269-273"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144585696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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