{"title":"Issue Information - Prelim","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/vec.13399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.13399","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 5","pages":"463-466"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vec.13399","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145500909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To review case examples that demonstrate the clinical applicability of urine potassium concentration analysis for the evaluation of dyskalemia in cats and dogs.
Data Sources
Original research articles and textbooks.
Data Synthesis
An approach to clinical interpretation of urine potassium concentration is presented. Five clinical cases with dyskalemia are outlined in which the analysis of urine potassium concentration provided useful information that led to the refinement of the differential diagnosis list.
Conclusions
Urine potassium concentration analysis can aid in the investigation and management of cats and dogs with dyskalemia. This review explores the roles of spot urine potassium concentration measurement, the transtubular potassium gradient, and the urine potassium: urine creatinine concentration ratio. When used appropriately and with knowledge of the limitations, urine potassium concentration analysis can provide valuable insight into the underlying pathophysiology of dyskalemia and help guide treatment decisions. Further studies are needed to understand more fully the scope and limitations of various methods of urine potassium concentration analysis in dogs and cats.
{"title":"Urine Potassium Concentration Analysis in Dogs and Cats: A Case-Based Review","authors":"Helen S. Philp, Steven E. Epstein, Kate Hopper","doi":"10.1111/vec.70049","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To review case examples that demonstrate the clinical applicability of urine potassium concentration analysis for the evaluation of dyskalemia in cats and dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Data Sources</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Original research articles and textbooks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Data Synthesis</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An approach to clinical interpretation of urine potassium concentration is presented. Five clinical cases with dyskalemia are outlined in which the analysis of urine potassium concentration provided useful information that led to the refinement of the differential diagnosis list.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Urine potassium concentration analysis can aid in the investigation and management of cats and dogs with dyskalemia. This review explores the roles of spot urine potassium concentration measurement, the transtubular potassium gradient, and the urine potassium: urine creatinine concentration ratio. When used appropriately and with knowledge of the limitations, urine potassium concentration analysis can provide valuable insight into the underlying pathophysiology of dyskalemia and help guide treatment decisions. Further studies are needed to understand more fully the scope and limitations of various methods of urine potassium concentration analysis in dogs and cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 5","pages":"480-494"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145338293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To examine the perceptions and experiences pertaining to the motivations, barriers, well-being, and utilization of veterinary assistants and technicians/nurses (including veterinary technician specialists) and their influence on job fulfillment, burnout, and interest in remaining in the field.
Design
Electronic survey distributed via veterinary organizations, associations, listservs, and social media from September 25, 2023, through January 7, 2024.
Participants
Two thousand one hundred seventy-six total participants.
Setting and Interventions
Online survey.
Measurement and Main Results
Participants included 153 veterinary assistants, 1600 veterinary technicians/nurses, and 414 veterinary technician specialists. Sixty-four percent of respondents reported decreased interest in remaining in the field long term, with the most frequently endorsed factors for this change being inadequate pay, burnout/compassion fatigue, insufficient staff, and poor leadership. Respect at work, ability to contribute to animal well-being, self-improvement and professional development, and ability to effect change when identifying something that could be improved were significant predictors of burnout, fulfillment, and changed interest in remaining in the field long term.
Conclusions
It is critically important to understand the lived experiences, causes of veterinary assistants’ and veterinary technicians/nurses’ burnout, and the resulting decreased interest in remaining in the field. Even with current shortages and financial limitations, many of the job characteristics identified in the current study can be changed within veterinary hospitals. The results from this study suggest that improvements to workplace culture should focus on respect, the power to effect change, ability to contribute to animal well-being, and opportunities for professional development.
{"title":"Perceptions and Experiences of Veterinary Assistants, Veterinary Technicians/Nurses, and Veterinary Technician Specialists","authors":"Lori R. Kogan, Leslie Carter, Kelly Foltz","doi":"10.1111/vec.70043","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine the perceptions and experiences pertaining to the motivations, barriers, well-being, and utilization of veterinary assistants and technicians/nurses (including veterinary technician specialists) and their influence on job fulfillment, burnout, and interest in remaining in the field.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Electronic survey distributed via veterinary organizations, associations, listservs, and social media from September 25, 2023, through January 7, 2024.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Participants</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two thousand one hundred seventy-six total participants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting and Interventions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Online survey.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurement and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants included 153 veterinary assistants, 1600 veterinary technicians/nurses, and 414 veterinary technician specialists. Sixty-four percent of respondents reported decreased interest in remaining in the field long term, with the most frequently endorsed factors for this change being inadequate pay, burnout/compassion fatigue, insufficient staff, and poor leadership. Respect at work, ability to contribute to animal well-being, self-improvement and professional development, and ability to effect change when identifying something that could be improved were significant predictors of burnout, fulfillment, and changed interest in remaining in the field long term.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It is critically important to understand the lived experiences, causes of veterinary assistants’ and veterinary technicians/nurses’ burnout, and the resulting decreased interest in remaining in the field. Even with current shortages and financial limitations, many of the job characteristics identified in the current study can be changed within veterinary hospitals. The results from this study suggest that improvements to workplace culture should focus on respect, the power to effect change, ability to contribute to animal well-being, and opportunities for professional development.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 5","pages":"521-532"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vec.70043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145338269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Issue Information - Prelim","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/vec.13397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.13397","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 3","pages":"183-186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vec.13397","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145317539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To describe the successful removal of antihuman albumin antibodies by therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in a dog with signs of delayed type III hypersensitivity reaction (tIIIHr), including acute kidney injury (AKI), secondary to administration of human serum albumin (HSA).
Case Summary
A 9-month-old dog was presented with an infected wound and treated with vacuum-assisted closure. A 28-h infusion of 20% HSA was administered to the dog postoperatively to treat persistent hypoalbuminemia during hospitalization. Seventeen days later, the dog returned for acute periorbital swelling. Clinical signs improved after standard treatment for a nonspecific allergic reaction. Five days later, the dog developed persistent vomiting, generalized subcutaneous edema, and ecchymoses on the ventral abdomen. Severe azotemia with proteinuria led to the diagnosis of acute glomerulonephritis. A delayed tIIIHr secondary to HSA administration was suspected. Two sessions of TPE were performed on consecutive days. Complete resolution of clinical signs, including azotemia, occurred after the second TPE session, and the dog was discharged 5 days later in good clinical condition. The urine protein:creatinine ratio normalized within 2 weeks of TPE. Antihuman albumin antibody concentrations were measured by indirect ELISA in the patient's plasma and in the plasma removed by TPE.
New or Unique Information
For the first time, antihuman albumin antibodies have been measured before and after treatment with TPE in a dog with clinical signs of delayed tIIIHr, demonstrating the effective removal of antibodies. Based on these findings, TPE could be considered for the treatment of severe tIIIHr after xenotransfusion.
{"title":"Quantitative Assessment of TPE Antibody Removal and Clinical Response in a Dog With Severe Type III Hypersensitivity Reaction and AKI due to Human Albumin Administration","authors":"Gwenda Yui Pargätzi, Claudia Iannucci, Marina Luisa Michela Meli, Theres Meili, Tommaso Rosati, Alessio Vigani","doi":"10.1111/vec.70051","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe the successful removal of antihuman albumin antibodies by therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in a dog with signs of delayed type III hypersensitivity reaction (tIIIHr), including acute kidney injury (AKI), secondary to administration of human serum albumin (HSA).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case Summary</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 9-month-old dog was presented with an infected wound and treated with vacuum-assisted closure. A 28-h infusion of 20% HSA was administered to the dog postoperatively to treat persistent hypoalbuminemia during hospitalization. Seventeen days later, the dog returned for acute periorbital swelling. Clinical signs improved after standard treatment for a nonspecific allergic reaction. Five days later, the dog developed persistent vomiting, generalized subcutaneous edema, and ecchymoses on the ventral abdomen. Severe azotemia with proteinuria led to the diagnosis of acute glomerulonephritis. A delayed tIIIHr secondary to HSA administration was suspected. Two sessions of TPE were performed on consecutive days. Complete resolution of clinical signs, including azotemia, occurred after the second TPE session, and the dog was discharged 5 days later in good clinical condition. The urine protein:creatinine ratio normalized within 2 weeks of TPE. Antihuman albumin antibody concentrations were measured by indirect ELISA in the patient's plasma and in the plasma removed by TPE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> New or Unique Information</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For the first time, antihuman albumin antibodies have been measured before and after treatment with TPE in a dog with clinical signs of delayed tIIIHr, demonstrating the effective removal of antibodies. Based on these findings, TPE could be considered for the treatment of severe tIIIHr after xenotransfusion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 5","pages":"577-583"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145294639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An To, Jennifer Hall, Mike Mallard, Debosmita Kundu, Jonathan P. Mochel, Rebecca A. L. Walton
Objective
To evaluate and describe therapeutic interventions and survival to discharge associated with blunt trauma-associated pneumothorax (PTX) in dogs and secondarily to analyze the association between the animal trauma triage (ATT) and the modified ATT (ATTnpr) scores and therapeutic interventions and survival to discharge.
Design
Retrospective study from 2018 to 2022.
Setting
University teaching hospital and private practice hospital.
Animals
Eighty-nine dogs admitted to the hospital had sustained blunt trauma-associated PTX.
Measurements and Main Results
Medical records were retrospectively reviewed, and signalment, cause of blunt trauma, PTX-specific therapeutic intervention, length of hospitalization, and survival to discharge were recorded. ATT and ATTnpr scores were assigned to all patients. A total of 37 (42%) dogs received therapeutic intervention for blunt trauma-associated PTX, whereas 52 dogs (58%) received no PTX-specific treatment. Of the 37 dogs that received PTX-specific treatment, 22 (59%) had only thoracocentesis performed, 11 (30%) had thoracostomy tubes placed after thoracocentesis, and 4 (11%) had thoracostomy tubes placed without the previous thoracocentesis. All thoracostomy tubes were placed via a modified Seldinger technique. The median ATT score was 4 (interquartile range [IQR]: 2–5), and the median ATTnpr score was 3 (IQR: 1–4). The ATT score was not associated with any PTX-specific therapeutic intervention. The ATTnpr score was not associated with thoracocentesis but was associated with both thoracostomy tube placement and survival to discharge. The prognosis for dogs with blunt trauma-associated PTX was very good, with 87.6% of dogs surviving to discharge.
Conclusions
Blunt trauma-associated PTX is associated with a high survival to discharge, and most dogs did not require PTX-specific therapeutic intervention. Dogs with higher ATTnpr scores were more likely to require thoracostomy tube placement and were less likely to survive to discharge.
{"title":"Retrospective Evaluation of Treatment and Survival of Blunt Trauma-Associated Pneumothorax in Dogs: 89 Cases (2018–2022)","authors":"An To, Jennifer Hall, Mike Mallard, Debosmita Kundu, Jonathan P. Mochel, Rebecca A. L. Walton","doi":"10.1111/vec.70035","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate and describe therapeutic interventions and survival to discharge associated with blunt trauma-associated pneumothorax (PTX) in dogs and secondarily to analyze the association between the animal trauma triage (ATT) and the modified ATT (ATTnpr) scores and therapeutic interventions and survival to discharge.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective study from 2018 to 2022.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>University teaching hospital and private practice hospital.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eighty-nine dogs admitted to the hospital had sustained blunt trauma-associated PTX.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Medical records were retrospectively reviewed, and signalment, cause of blunt trauma, PTX-specific therapeutic intervention, length of hospitalization, and survival to discharge were recorded. ATT and ATTnpr scores were assigned to all patients. A total of 37 (42%) dogs received therapeutic intervention for blunt trauma-associated PTX, whereas 52 dogs (58%) received no PTX-specific treatment. Of the 37 dogs that received PTX-specific treatment, 22 (59%) had only thoracocentesis performed, 11 (30%) had thoracostomy tubes placed after thoracocentesis, and 4 (11%) had thoracostomy tubes placed without the previous thoracocentesis. All thoracostomy tubes were placed via a modified Seldinger technique. The median ATT score was 4 (interquartile range [IQR]: 2–5), and the median ATTnpr score was 3 (IQR: 1–4). The ATT score was not associated with any PTX-specific therapeutic intervention. The ATTnpr score was not associated with thoracocentesis but was associated with both thoracostomy tube placement and survival to discharge. The prognosis for dogs with blunt trauma-associated PTX was very good, with 87.6% of dogs surviving to discharge.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Blunt trauma-associated PTX is associated with a high survival to discharge, and most dogs did not require PTX-specific therapeutic intervention. Dogs with higher ATTnpr scores were more likely to require thoracostomy tube placement and were less likely to survive to discharge.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 5","pages":"546-550"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145294662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tracheal intubation to facilitate ventilation is integral during CPR. Additionally, end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) is an indispensable monitoring tool to guide chest compressions and serves as a prognostic indicator for return of spontaneous circulation. Use of ETCO2 to determine correct placement of an endotracheal tube (ETT) in CPA patients can be misleading, so it is recommended that ETCO2 measurement should not be the sole means used to confirm tracheal intubation. The Beck Airway Airflow Monitor (BAAM) has been described in people to facilitate blind nasotracheal intubation and to confirm correct ETT placement. When the BAAM is attached to an ETT, airflow through the device will emit a whistle when a human patient is endotracheally intubated and spontaneously ventilating or receiving chest compressions. The current proof-of-concept study sought to determine if the same would be true in veterinary patients.
Key Findings
In canine cadavers, use of the BAAM to determine esophageal versus tracheal intubation during chest compressions had high sensitivity and specificity, but sensitivity was poorer in feline cadavers.
Significance
The BAAM may be used to confirm correct endotracheal intubation in canine patients during CPR.
{"title":"Use of the Beck Airway Airflow Monitor (BAAM) to Discriminate Tracheal Versus Esophageal Placement of an Endotracheal Tube in Small Animal Cadavers Undergoing Chest Compressions","authors":"Emily P. Wheeler, Meredith E. ‘t Hoen","doi":"10.1111/vec.70050","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tracheal intubation to facilitate ventilation is integral during CPR. Additionally, end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO<sub>2</sub>) is an indispensable monitoring tool to guide chest compressions and serves as a prognostic indicator for return of spontaneous circulation. Use of ETCO<sub>2</sub> to determine correct placement of an endotracheal tube (ETT) in CPA patients can be misleading, so it is recommended that ETCO<sub>2</sub> measurement should not be the sole means used to confirm tracheal intubation. The Beck Airway Airflow Monitor (BAAM) has been described in people to facilitate blind nasotracheal intubation and to confirm correct ETT placement. When the BAAM is attached to an ETT, airflow through the device will emit a whistle when a human patient is endotracheally intubated and spontaneously ventilating or receiving chest compressions. The current proof-of-concept study sought to determine if the same would be true in veterinary patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Key Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In canine cadavers, use of the BAAM to determine esophageal versus tracheal intubation during chest compressions had high sensitivity and specificity, but sensitivity was poorer in feline cadavers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The BAAM may be used to confirm correct endotracheal intubation in canine patients during CPR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 5","pages":"599-604"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vec.70050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145287871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Claudia Huerta, Amanda Lamarca, W. Y. Eunice Lam, Linda G. Martin
Objective
To describe the clinical signs and outcome of a ferret with cannabinoid toxicosis diagnosed with an over-the-counter urine tetrahydrocannabinol test and treated with intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE).
Case Summary
A 1-year-old spayed female ferret was admitted for evaluation of abnormal mentation after being found vocalizing under a recliner chair. The physical examination revealed severe bradycardia, bradypnea, hypothermia, and stuporous to comatose mentation. Blood analyses revealed hypercapnia and severe acidemia. Treatment for presumptive traumatic brain injury was initiated. A full body lateral radiograph and computed tomography of the skull did not reveal any signs of traumatic injuries. Seventeen hours after admission, the owner reported that the ferret potentially ingested three cannabinoid containing candies. An over-the-counter urine test confirmed cannabinoid intoxication. Due to the severity of clinical signs and the lack of response to supportive therapy, ILE was administered 18 and 22 h after admission with the aim of enhancing decontamination. The ferret's vital signs, neurological status, and laboratory results gradually improved. Four days after admission, the ferret was bright, alert, and responsive, neurologically normal, had a normal appetite, and was discharged from the hospital. Thirty days after discharge, the owner reported that the ferret appeared to be healthy.
New or Unique Information Provided
The diagnosis of cannabinoid toxicosis in a ferret was confirmed with an over-the-counter human urine test, and the ferret was successfully treated for severe cannabinoid toxicosis with ILE and supportive care.
{"title":"Severe Cannabinoid Intoxication in a Ferret (Mustela putorius furo) Treated With Intravenous Lipid Emulsion","authors":"Claudia Huerta, Amanda Lamarca, W. Y. Eunice Lam, Linda G. Martin","doi":"10.1111/vec.70044","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe the clinical signs and outcome of a ferret with cannabinoid toxicosis diagnosed with an over-the-counter urine tetrahydrocannabinol test and treated with intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case Summary</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 1-year-old spayed female ferret was admitted for evaluation of abnormal mentation after being found vocalizing under a recliner chair. The physical examination revealed severe bradycardia, bradypnea, hypothermia, and stuporous to comatose mentation. Blood analyses revealed hypercapnia and severe acidemia. Treatment for presumptive traumatic brain injury was initiated. A full body lateral radiograph and computed tomography of the skull did not reveal any signs of traumatic injuries. Seventeen hours after admission, the owner reported that the ferret potentially ingested three cannabinoid containing candies. An over-the-counter urine test confirmed cannabinoid intoxication. Due to the severity of clinical signs and the lack of response to supportive therapy, ILE was administered 18 and 22 h after admission with the aim of enhancing decontamination. The ferret's vital signs, neurological status, and laboratory results gradually improved. Four days after admission, the ferret was bright, alert, and responsive, neurologically normal, had a normal appetite, and was discharged from the hospital. Thirty days after discharge, the owner reported that the ferret appeared to be healthy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> New or Unique Information Provided</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The diagnosis of cannabinoid toxicosis in a ferret was confirmed with an over-the-counter human urine test, and the ferret was successfully treated for severe cannabinoid toxicosis with ILE and supportive care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 5","pages":"594-598"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vec.70044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145287855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To evaluate the performance of a point-of-care hemoglobin/hematocrit measurement device (POCHD), validated for human medicine, for measuring hematocrit in calves.
Design
Prospective study conducted between July 2022 and April 2023.
Setting
University teaching hospital.
Animals
One hundred thirty-three calves <1 month old, suffering from various diseases.
Interventions
The microhematocrit method (MHM) and a POCHD were used to measure hematocrit in venous blood samples. The MHM served as the reference method. The analytical performance of the POCHD was evaluated using Bland–Altman plots and calculating the intraassay coefficient of variation and observed total error (TEobs). Diagnostic performance was assessed by implementing receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and Cohen's kappa statistic.
Measurements and Main Results
Bland–Altman plots showed a mean bias of −0.03 L/L (−3.26%) (95% confidence interval: −0.04 to −0.03 [−4.02% to −2.51%]). The intraassay coefficient of variation for the POCHD was 2.4% for low hematocrit values and 0.7% for high hematocrit values. TEobs ranged from 3.2% to 32.9% (median: 18.1%). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis at hematocrit thresholds of <0.22 L/L (22%) for anemia and >0.33 L/L (33%) for hemoconcentration showed optimized thresholds of <0.19 L/L (18.5%) and >0.33 L/L (33.2%), respectively, for the POC device to differentiate anemic from nonanemic calves, as well as calves with dehydration-related hemoconcentration from those without. At the thresholds of 0.22 L/L (22%) and 0.33 L/L (33%), Cohen's kappa statistic found agreements of 90.2% (kappa = 0.536) and 91% (kappa = 0.820), respectively, between the POCHD and the MHM.
Conclusions
Clinicians should be aware that the POCHD underestimates hematocrit values and exhibits high TEobs; however, when adjusted thresholds are applied, the POCHD shows good sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing anemia and dehydration-related hemoconcentration.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Analytical and Diagnostic Performances of a Point-of-Care Device for Hematocrit Measurement in Calves","authors":"Kenan Ç. Tümer, Sümeyye Babacan, Thomas Wittek","doi":"10.1111/vec.70048","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the performance of a point-of-care hemoglobin/hematocrit measurement device (POCHD), validated for human medicine, for measuring hematocrit in calves.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective study conducted between July 2022 and April 2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>University teaching hospital.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One hundred thirty-three calves <1 month old, suffering from various diseases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interventions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The microhematocrit method (MHM) and a POCHD were used to measure hematocrit in venous blood samples. The MHM served as the reference method. The analytical performance of the POCHD was evaluated using Bland–Altman plots and calculating the intraassay coefficient of variation and observed total error (TE<sub>obs</sub>). Diagnostic performance was assessed by implementing receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and Cohen's kappa statistic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bland–Altman plots showed a mean bias of −0.03 L/L (−3.26%) (95% confidence interval: −0.04 to −0.03 [−4.02% to −2.51%]). The intraassay coefficient of variation for the POCHD was 2.4% for low hematocrit values and 0.7% for high hematocrit values. TE<sub>obs</sub> ranged from 3.2% to 32.9% (median: 18.1%). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis at hematocrit thresholds of <0.22 L/L (22%) for anemia and >0.33 L/L (33%) for hemoconcentration showed optimized thresholds of <0.19 L/L (18.5%) and >0.33 L/L (33.2%), respectively, for the POC device to differentiate anemic from nonanemic calves, as well as calves with dehydration-related hemoconcentration from those without. At the thresholds of 0.22 L/L (22%) and 0.33 L/L (33%), Cohen's kappa statistic found agreements of 90.2% (kappa = 0.536) and 91% (kappa = 0.820), respectively, between the POCHD and the MHM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clinicians should be aware that the POCHD underestimates hematocrit values and exhibits high TE<sub>obs</sub>; however, when adjusted thresholds are applied, the POCHD shows good sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing anemia and dehydration-related hemoconcentration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 5","pages":"514-520"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145287891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To describe the treatment of refractory ventricular tachycardia in a dog with the use of electrical cardioversion.
Case Report
A 14-year-old spayed female mixed breed dog was presented for refractory ventricular tachycardia. After numerous failed attempts at medical management, the patient was successfully electrocardioverted and maintained conversion over 5 days of hospitalization.
New Information Provided
This case report supports electrical cardioversion as potentially effective in the treatment of sustained ventricular tachycardia refractory to medical management. Electrical cardioversion should be considered when medical cardioversion fails to abate a life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia.
{"title":"Successful Emergency Electrocardioversion of Refractory Ventricular Tachycardia in a Mixed Breed Dog","authors":"Courtney D. O'Connor, David S. Conway","doi":"10.1111/vec.70046","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe the treatment of refractory ventricular tachycardia in a dog with the use of electrical cardioversion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case Report</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 14-year-old spayed female mixed breed dog was presented for refractory ventricular tachycardia. After numerous failed attempts at medical management, the patient was successfully electrocardioverted and maintained conversion over 5 days of hospitalization.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> New Information Provided</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This case report supports electrical cardioversion as potentially effective in the treatment of sustained ventricular tachycardia refractory to medical management. Electrical cardioversion should be considered when medical cardioversion fails to abate a life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 5","pages":"584-588"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145287913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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