Hopper K, Epstein SE, Burkitt-Creedon JM, et al. 2024 RECOVER Guidelines: Basic Life Support. Evidence and knowledge gap analysis with treatment recommendations for small animal CPR. J Vet Emerg Crit Care. 2024; 34(Suppl 1):16–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.13387
In the article cited above, a footnote indicating that a list of the RECOVER Basic Life Support Domain Evidence Evaluators could be found in the Supporting Information was missing from the article. The article has been corrected to include this footnote.
{"title":"Correction to “2024 RECOVER Guidelines: Basic Life Support. Evidence and Knowledge Gap Analysis With Treatment Recommendations for Small Animal CPR”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/vec.70031","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hopper K, Epstein SE, Burkitt-Creedon JM, et al. 2024 RECOVER Guidelines: Basic Life Support. Evidence and knowledge gap analysis with treatment recommendations for small animal CPR. <i>J Vet Emerg Crit Care</i>. 2024; 34(Suppl 1):16–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.13387</p><p>In the article cited above, a footnote indicating that a list of the RECOVER Basic Life Support Domain Evidence Evaluators could be found in the Supporting Information was missing from the article. The article has been corrected to include this footnote.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vec.70031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brainard BM, Lane SL, Burkitt-Creedon JM, et al. 2024 RECOVER Guidelines: Monitoring. Evidence and knowledge gap analysis with treatment recommendations for small animal CPR. J Vet Emerg Crit Care. 2024; 34(Suppl 1):76–103. https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.13390
In the article cited above, a footnote indicating that a list of the RECOVER Monitoring Domain Evidence Evaluators could be found in the Supporting Information was missing from the article. The article has been corrected to include this footnote.
{"title":"Correction to “2024 RECOVER Guidelines: Monitoring. Evidence and Knowledge Gap Analysis With Treatment Recommendations for Small Animal CPR”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/vec.70032","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Brainard BM, Lane SL, Burkitt-Creedon JM, et al. 2024 RECOVER Guidelines: Monitoring. Evidence and knowledge gap analysis with treatment recommendations for small animal CPR. <i>J Vet Emerg Crit Care</i>. 2024; 34(Suppl 1):76–103. https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.13390</p><p>In the article cited above, a footnote indicating that a list of the RECOVER Monitoring Domain Evidence Evaluators could be found in the Supporting Information was missing from the article. The article has been corrected to include this footnote.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vec.70032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wolf J, Buckley GJ, Rozanski EA, et al. 2024 RECOVER Guidelines: Advanced Life Support. Evidence and knowledge gap analysis with treatment recommendations for small animal CPR. J Vet Emerg Crit Care. 2024; 34(Suppl 1):44–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.13389
In the article cited above, a footnote indicating that a list of the RECOVER Advanced Life Support Domain Worksheet Authors could be found in the Supporting Information was missing from the article. The article has been corrected to include this footnote.
{"title":"Correction to “2024 RECOVER Guidelines: Advanced Life Support. Evidence and Knowledge Gap Analysis With Treatment Recommendations for Small Animal CPR”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/vec.70033","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wolf J, Buckley GJ, Rozanski EA, et al. 2024 RECOVER Guidelines: Advanced Life Support. Evidence and knowledge gap analysis with treatment recommendations for small animal CPR. <i>J Vet Emerg Crit Care</i>. 2024; 34(Suppl 1):44–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.13389</p><p>In the article cited above, a footnote indicating that a list of the RECOVER Advanced Life Support Domain Worksheet Authors could be found in the Supporting Information was missing from the article. The article has been corrected to include this footnote.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vec.70033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Steffi M. Jalava, Sarah M. Rosanowski, Tove M. Hultman, Rebecca Owen, Søren R. Boysen, Ivayla D. Yozova
<div> <section> <h3> Objective</h3> <p>To sonographically assess caudal vena cava (CVC) and focused cardiac ultrasound (FCU) parameters for volume depletion (VD) and intravascular volume overload (IVVO) in healthy cats.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Design</h3> <p>Prospective, randomized, blinded, crossover study.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Setting</h3> <p>Experimental.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Animals</h3> <p>Twenty-nine healthy research-purposed cats.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Interventions</h3> <p>The VD group received 2 mg/kg furosemide IV every 30–60 min over 6 h, followed by 10 mL/kg isotonic crystalloid or tetrastarch given over 10 min. The IVVO group did not receive furosemide and was administered 30 mL/kg isotonic crystalloid over 10 min. Ultrasonographic images of the CVC (subxiphoid view) and heart (right parasternal short-axis view) were recorded and subjectively evaluated by an operator in real time from both groups at baseline (T0), after furosemide/6 h (T1), and after fluids (T2). CVC inspiratory (CVC<sub>insp</sub>) and expiratory (CVC<sub>exp</sub>) diameters, CVC collapsibility index (CVC<sub>CI</sub>), left atrium-to-aorta ratio (LA:Ao), and left ventricular internal diameter in systole (LVIDs) and diastole (LVIDd) were measured and subjectively graded post hoc by two blinded raters (different to the operator) for CVC parameters; one blinded rater evaluated FCU parameters.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3> <p>In the VD group, CVC<sub>insp</sub> (<i>p</i> = 0.004), CVC<sub>exp</sub> (<i>p</i> = 0.008), LVIDs (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and LVIDd (<i>p</i> < 0.001) were smaller after administration of furosemide. In the IVVO group, CVC<sub>insp</sub> (<i>p</i> = 0.02), CVC<sub>exp</sub> (<i>p</i> = 0.04), LVIDs (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and LVIDd (<i>p</i> = 0.001) were larger after fluid administration. The LA:Ao ratio was not different in any group at any time. Intrarater and interrater reliability were moderate to poor. Subjective CVC and FCU assessments were consistent with objective measurements.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>Experimentally induced VD and volume overload result in sonographically detectable changes in the CVC<sub>insp</sub> and CVC<sub>exp</sub> diameters and LVIDs and LVIDd of cats, suggesting the assessment of these parameters may have value in the clinical setting.</p> </section>
{"title":"Effect of Volume Depletion and Intravascular Volume Overload on Ultrasonographically Derived Caudal Vena Cava Parameters in Healthy Sedated Cats","authors":"Steffi M. Jalava, Sarah M. Rosanowski, Tove M. Hultman, Rebecca Owen, Søren R. Boysen, Ivayla D. Yozova","doi":"10.1111/vec.70029","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.70029","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To sonographically assess caudal vena cava (CVC) and focused cardiac ultrasound (FCU) parameters for volume depletion (VD) and intravascular volume overload (IVVO) in healthy cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective, randomized, blinded, crossover study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Experimental.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-nine healthy research-purposed cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interventions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The VD group received 2 mg/kg furosemide IV every 30–60 min over 6 h, followed by 10 mL/kg isotonic crystalloid or tetrastarch given over 10 min. The IVVO group did not receive furosemide and was administered 30 mL/kg isotonic crystalloid over 10 min. Ultrasonographic images of the CVC (subxiphoid view) and heart (right parasternal short-axis view) were recorded and subjectively evaluated by an operator in real time from both groups at baseline (T0), after furosemide/6 h (T1), and after fluids (T2). CVC inspiratory (CVC<sub>insp</sub>) and expiratory (CVC<sub>exp</sub>) diameters, CVC collapsibility index (CVC<sub>CI</sub>), left atrium-to-aorta ratio (LA:Ao), and left ventricular internal diameter in systole (LVIDs) and diastole (LVIDd) were measured and subjectively graded post hoc by two blinded raters (different to the operator) for CVC parameters; one blinded rater evaluated FCU parameters.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the VD group, CVC<sub>insp</sub> (<i>p</i> = 0.004), CVC<sub>exp</sub> (<i>p</i> = 0.008), LVIDs (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and LVIDd (<i>p</i> < 0.001) were smaller after administration of furosemide. In the IVVO group, CVC<sub>insp</sub> (<i>p</i> = 0.02), CVC<sub>exp</sub> (<i>p</i> = 0.04), LVIDs (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and LVIDd (<i>p</i> = 0.001) were larger after fluid administration. The LA:Ao ratio was not different in any group at any time. Intrarater and interrater reliability were moderate to poor. Subjective CVC and FCU assessments were consistent with objective measurements.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Experimentally induced VD and volume overload result in sonographically detectable changes in the CVC<sub>insp</sub> and CVC<sub>exp</sub> diameters and LVIDs and LVIDd of cats, suggesting the assessment of these parameters may have value in the clinical setting.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 5","pages":"502-513"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To illustrate the use of the ARDSVet (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndromes in Veterinary Medicine) definitions in small and large animal patients using a case-based approach.
Etiology
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in veterinary patients is triggered by a wide range of clinical insults. These include probable risk factors such as systemic inflammation, pancreatitis, and sepsis, as well as possible risk factors such as blood transfusions and ventilator-induced lung injury. These conditions may lead to diffuse alveolar damage and increased pulmonary capillary permeability.
Diagnosis
ARDS remains challenging to diagnose, particularly in veterinary patients with variable resources. The updated ARDSVet definitions offer a structured framework based on five criteria: a known or suspected risk factor, onset of respiratory distress within 1 week, exclusion of cardiogenic edema and volume overload, thoracic imaging (including point-of-care ultrasound) demonstrating diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, and impaired oxygenation assessed by PaO2/FiO2 or SpO2/FiO2 ratios. Case vignettes highlight revised oxygenation thresholds, expanded use of point-of-care ultrasound, and the role of advanced respiratory support techniques.
Therapy
ARDS treatment is primarily supportive, focusing on oxygen supplementation, high-flow nasal oxygen, and/or mechanical ventilation, along with management of the underlying cause. While ARDSVet does not offer formal treatment guidelines, case vignettes illustrate how supportive strategies may be adapted across disease stages without endorsing any specific therapeutic interventions.
Prognosis
Prognosis in animals with ARDS is influenced by the severity of respiratory compromise, the underlying cause, and the timelines of appropriate interventions. The updated definitions will aid clinicians in early and timely recognition of ARDS, although further studies are needed to assess its impact on clinical outcomes.
{"title":"Clinical Applications of the ARDSVet (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndromes in Veterinary Medicine) Definitions in Small and Large Animal Patients","authors":"Tereza Stastny, Daniela Bedenice, JoAnn Slack, Anusha Balakrishnan, Deborah C. Silverstein","doi":"10.1111/vec.70015","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To illustrate the use of the ARDSVet (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndromes in Veterinary Medicine) definitions in small and large animal patients using a case-based approach.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Etiology</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in veterinary patients is triggered by a wide range of clinical insults. These include probable risk factors such as systemic inflammation, pancreatitis, and sepsis, as well as possible risk factors such as blood transfusions and ventilator-induced lung injury. These conditions may lead to diffuse alveolar damage and increased pulmonary capillary permeability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Diagnosis</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ARDS remains challenging to diagnose, particularly in veterinary patients with variable resources. The updated ARDSVet definitions offer a structured framework based on five criteria: a known or suspected risk factor, onset of respiratory distress within 1 week, exclusion of cardiogenic edema and volume overload, thoracic imaging (including point-of-care ultrasound) demonstrating diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, and impaired oxygenation assessed by PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> or SpO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> ratios. Case vignettes highlight revised oxygenation thresholds, expanded use of point-of-care ultrasound, and the role of advanced respiratory support techniques.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Therapy</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ARDS treatment is primarily supportive, focusing on oxygen supplementation, high-flow nasal oxygen, and/or mechanical ventilation, along with management of the underlying cause. While ARDSVet does not offer formal treatment guidelines, case vignettes illustrate how supportive strategies may be adapted across disease stages without endorsing any specific therapeutic interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Prognosis</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prognosis in animals with ARDS is influenced by the severity of respiratory compromise, the underlying cause, and the timelines of appropriate interventions. The updated definitions will aid clinicians in early and timely recognition of ARDS, although further studies are needed to assess its impact on clinical outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 4","pages":"339-345"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vec.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145034890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hannah M. Wedig, Charles T. Talbot, Marc R. Raffe, Manuel Boller, Melissa Edwards, Kristin M. Zersen, Kelly E. Hall
<div> <section> <h3> Objective</h3> <p>To report summative data from the American College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Veterinary Committee on Trauma (ACVECC-VetCOT) registry, with further summary reporting based on geographic region and human population density.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Design</h3> <p>Multi-institutional registry data report, January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2023.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Setting</h3> <p>Twenty-two Veterinary Trauma Centers (VTCs) identified and verified by ACVECC-VetCOT.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Animals</h3> <p>Dogs and cats with evidence of traumatic injury presented to contributing hospitals.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Procedures</h3> <p>Data were input into a web-based data capture system (Research Electronic Data Capture) by data entry personnel. Patient data on demographics, trauma type, preadmission care, trauma severity assessment at presentation, key laboratory parameters, interventions, and outcome were collected. Descriptive statistics were performed for each species reported.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Twenty-two VTCs in North America and the United Kingdom contributed data to the VetCOT registry between January 1, 2022 and December 31, 2023. A total of 9,820 cases (8,130 dog, 1,690 cat) were reported. The top three causes of trauma in dogs were penetrating bite wounds (35% of all dog trauma cases), vehicular strikes (17%), and lacerations (12%); in cats, unknown blunt trauma (22% of all cat trauma cases), penetrating bite wounds (20%), and falls from heights (14%) were the leading causes of trauma. Prevalence of trauma types across geographic regions was similar except for porcupine quilling, which occurred primarily in the Northeast of the United States. Vehicular trauma and porcupine quilling occurred commonly in rural VTCs, whereas falls from heights and nonpenetrating bite wounds occurred commonly in urban VTCs. Survival to discharge remained high in both dogs and cats (93.1% and 83.7%, respectively).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Clinical Relevance</h3> <p>The ACVECC-VetCOT registry provides a foundation for retrospective evaluation of traumatic injury in dogs and cats. It has already contributed to the production of numerous publications assessing
{"title":"ACVECC Veterinary Committee on Trauma Registry Report 2022–2023","authors":"Hannah M. Wedig, Charles T. Talbot, Marc R. Raffe, Manuel Boller, Melissa Edwards, Kristin M. Zersen, Kelly E. Hall","doi":"10.1111/vec.70026","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To report summative data from the American College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Veterinary Committee on Trauma (ACVECC-VetCOT) registry, with further summary reporting based on geographic region and human population density.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Multi-institutional registry data report, January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-two Veterinary Trauma Centers (VTCs) identified and verified by ACVECC-VetCOT.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dogs and cats with evidence of traumatic injury presented to contributing hospitals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Procedures</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were input into a web-based data capture system (Research Electronic Data Capture) by data entry personnel. Patient data on demographics, trauma type, preadmission care, trauma severity assessment at presentation, key laboratory parameters, interventions, and outcome were collected. Descriptive statistics were performed for each species reported.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-two VTCs in North America and the United Kingdom contributed data to the VetCOT registry between January 1, 2022 and December 31, 2023. A total of 9,820 cases (8,130 dog, 1,690 cat) were reported. The top three causes of trauma in dogs were penetrating bite wounds (35% of all dog trauma cases), vehicular strikes (17%), and lacerations (12%); in cats, unknown blunt trauma (22% of all cat trauma cases), penetrating bite wounds (20%), and falls from heights (14%) were the leading causes of trauma. Prevalence of trauma types across geographic regions was similar except for porcupine quilling, which occurred primarily in the Northeast of the United States. Vehicular trauma and porcupine quilling occurred commonly in rural VTCs, whereas falls from heights and nonpenetrating bite wounds occurred commonly in urban VTCs. Survival to discharge remained high in both dogs and cats (93.1% and 83.7%, respectively).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Relevance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The ACVECC-VetCOT registry provides a foundation for retrospective evaluation of traumatic injury in dogs and cats. It has already contributed to the production of numerous publications assessing","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 5","pages":"471-479"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vec.70026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To describe the inadvertent insertion of a tube intended for nasogastric placement into the brain of an anesthetized brachycephalic cat.
Case Summary
A 7-year-old Persian cat underwent a cholecystectomy for emergency surgical management of biliary obstruction, with postoperative placement of a nasogastric tube planned for nutritional support. General anesthesia with spontaneous breathing was administered, and the surgical procedure was performed without adverse events. At the end of the surgical procedure, while the anesthetized cat was in dorsal recumbency, a 5-French polyurethane nasogastric tube with a stylet was inserted into the right nostril. Immediately after insertion, the patient experienced apnea and required hemodynamic and ventilatory support. Because the tube could not be palpated in the stomach, apnea persisted, and the patient ultimately failed to regain consciousness, a CNS lesion was suspected, and magnetic resonance imaging of the head was performed. Lesions consistent with nasogastric tube insertion into the brain were diagnosed, and because the prognosis was believed to be grave, the cat was euthanized.
New or Unique Information Provided
Few reports of nasoenteric tube insertion into the brain of humans are available. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a nasoenteric tube insertion into the brain of a dog or cat.
{"title":"Inadvertent Insertion of a Nasoenteric Feeding Tube Into the Brain of an Anesthetized Persian Cat","authors":"Federico Gianolli, Lea Carisch, Katrin Melanie Beckmann, Annette Patricia Nora Kutter, Meike Hammer","doi":"10.1111/vec.70018","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe the inadvertent insertion of a tube intended for nasogastric placement into the brain of an anesthetized brachycephalic cat.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case Summary</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 7-year-old Persian cat underwent a cholecystectomy for emergency surgical management of biliary obstruction, with postoperative placement of a nasogastric tube planned for nutritional support. General anesthesia with spontaneous breathing was administered, and the surgical procedure was performed without adverse events. At the end of the surgical procedure, while the anesthetized cat was in dorsal recumbency, a 5-French polyurethane nasogastric tube with a stylet was inserted into the right nostril. Immediately after insertion, the patient experienced apnea and required hemodynamic and ventilatory support. Because the tube could not be palpated in the stomach, apnea persisted, and the patient ultimately failed to regain consciousness, a CNS lesion was suspected, and magnetic resonance imaging of the head was performed. Lesions consistent with nasogastric tube insertion into the brain were diagnosed, and because the prognosis was believed to be grave, the cat was euthanized.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> New or Unique Information Provided</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Few reports of nasoenteric tube insertion into the brain of humans are available. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a nasoenteric tube insertion into the brain of a dog or cat.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 4","pages":"430-435"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hugo K. J. Swanstein, Rebecca Langhorn, Kris Gommeren, Søren Boysen
Objective
To investigate the frequency and distribution of B-, I-, and Z-lines in clinically healthy cats and to determine whether there is a difference in frequency and distribution between two different lung ultrasound protocols.
Design
Prospective cross-sectional study from June to September 2022.
Setting
Companion animal referral hospital.
Animals
Sixty-four cats determined to be healthy based on history and physical examination.
Interventions
All cats had point-of-care lung ultrasound performed with frequency of B-, I-, and Z-lines recorded. Findings of a modified Calgary pleura and lung ultrasound (PLUS) protocol (19 sites recorded) and a veterinary Brief Lung Ultrasound Exam (VetBLUE) protocol (nine sites), both including the subxiphoid site, were compared.
Measurements and Main Results
B-lines were identified in 14%–27% of cats depending on the protocol used, with a median of <3 B-lines total per cat, <2 B-lines per hemithorax, and ≤2 positive B-line sites per hemithorax, regardless of the protocol used. The total number of B-, I-, or Z-lines identified was significantly higher for the modified Calgary PLUS compared with VetBLUE. The number of cats with ≥1 B- and I-lines was significantly higher with modified Calgary PLUS compared with VetBLUE, with 17 (26.6%) and 42 (65.6%) versus nine (14.1%) and 34 (53.1%) cats identified, respectively. Z-lines were identified in 62 (96.9%) cats regardless of the protocol used. Three (4.7%) cats had ≥1 B-line at the subxiphoid view.
Conclusions
B-lines were detected in <30%, I-lines in >50%, and Z-lines in >95% of clinically healthy cats regardless of protocol used. B-lines were rarely detected at the subxiphoid view. A significant difference between protocols was found when comparing the percentage of cats with B- and I-lines.
{"title":"Comparison of Two Lung Ultrasound Protocols for Identification and Distribution of B-, I-, and Z-Lines in Clinically Healthy Cats","authors":"Hugo K. J. Swanstein, Rebecca Langhorn, Kris Gommeren, Søren Boysen","doi":"10.1111/vec.70011","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the frequency and distribution of B-, I-, and Z-lines in clinically healthy cats and to determine whether there is a difference in frequency and distribution between two different lung ultrasound protocols.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective cross-sectional study from June to September 2022.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Companion animal referral hospital.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty-four cats determined to be healthy based on history and physical examination.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interventions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All cats had point-of-care lung ultrasound performed with frequency of B-, I-, and Z-lines recorded. Findings of a modified Calgary pleura and lung ultrasound (PLUS) protocol (19 sites recorded) and a veterinary Brief Lung Ultrasound Exam (VetBLUE) protocol (nine sites), both including the subxiphoid site, were compared.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>B-lines were identified in 14%–27% of cats depending on the protocol used, with a median of <3 B-lines total per cat, <2 B-lines per hemithorax, and ≤2 positive B-line sites per hemithorax, regardless of the protocol used. The total number of B-, I-, or Z-lines identified was significantly higher for the modified Calgary PLUS compared with VetBLUE. The number of cats with ≥1 B- and I-lines was significantly higher with modified Calgary PLUS compared with VetBLUE, with 17 (26.6%) and 42 (65.6%) versus nine (14.1%) and 34 (53.1%) cats identified, respectively. Z-lines were identified in 62 (96.9%) cats regardless of the protocol used. Three (4.7%) cats had ≥1 B-line at the subxiphoid view.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>B-lines were detected in <30%, I-lines in >50%, and Z-lines in >95% of clinically healthy cats regardless of protocol used. B-lines were rarely detected at the subxiphoid view. A significant difference between protocols was found when comparing the percentage of cats with B- and I-lines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 4","pages":"368-377"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ciaran C. O'Carroll, Meagan A. Walker, Katie L. Hoddinott
Objective
To describe the management of a nondeflating urinary catheter balloon via transrectal centesis in a dog and to propose an algorithm for the nonsurgical management of this adverse event in dogs.
Case Summary
A mature neutered male crossbreed dog presented with a <24-h history of acute paraplegia secondary to a T13–L1 hydrated nucleus pulposus extrusion. During placement of an indwelling urinary catheter, the Foley balloon reservoir was inadvertently inflated in the proximal urethra. Initial attempts to deflate the balloon through aspiration of the inflation channel, transection of the inflation channel proximal to the inflation valve, and insertion of the stylet into the inflation channel to remove potential obstructions were unsuccessful. The balloon reservoir was successfully deflated by transrectal centesis using a 22-gauge needle. No short- or long-term complications were associated with this procedure.
New or Unique Information Provided
Nondeflation is a relatively infrequent complication of urinary catheterization using a Foley catheter. Causes include faulty valve mechanisms, obstruction of the inflation channel, or crystallization of fluid within the balloon. This report describes the use of transrectal centesis to deflate a balloon reservoir lodged in the proximal urethra of a male dog. This technique has not previously been reported. An algorithm for the nonsurgical management of nondeflating Foley catheters in dogs is also proposed.
{"title":"Management of a Nondeflating Foley Urinary Catheter Balloon by Transrectal Centesis in a Dog","authors":"Ciaran C. O'Carroll, Meagan A. Walker, Katie L. Hoddinott","doi":"10.1111/vec.70022","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe the management of a nondeflating urinary catheter balloon via transrectal centesis in a dog and to propose an algorithm for the nonsurgical management of this adverse event in dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case Summary</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A mature neutered male crossbreed dog presented with a <24-h history of acute paraplegia secondary to a T13–L1 hydrated nucleus pulposus extrusion. During placement of an indwelling urinary catheter, the Foley balloon reservoir was inadvertently inflated in the proximal urethra. Initial attempts to deflate the balloon through aspiration of the inflation channel, transection of the inflation channel proximal to the inflation valve, and insertion of the stylet into the inflation channel to remove potential obstructions were unsuccessful. The balloon reservoir was successfully deflated by transrectal centesis using a 22-gauge needle. No short- or long-term complications were associated with this procedure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> New or Unique Information Provided</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nondeflation is a relatively infrequent complication of urinary catheterization using a Foley catheter. Causes include faulty valve mechanisms, obstruction of the inflation channel, or crystallization of fluid within the balloon. This report describes the use of transrectal centesis to deflate a balloon reservoir lodged in the proximal urethra of a male dog. This technique has not previously been reported. An algorithm for the nonsurgical management of nondeflating Foley catheters in dogs is also proposed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 4","pages":"425-429"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John Vietti, Jennifer Herring, Shaunita Sharpe, Barb Gertz
Objective
To describe hypoglycemia secondary to zinc toxicosis in a dog.
Case Summary
A 3-year-old spayed female Pug weighing 9.0 kg presented with lethargy and labored breathing. Diagnostic tests revealed hypoglycemia, regenerative anemia, azotemia, increased liver values, and metallic objects in the stomach. The dog was treated with IV dextrose but remained refractory to therapy for the first 5 h. A serum zinc concentration was 32.28 µg/mL (reference interval, 0.8–1.8 µg/mL). The dog was treated supportively, and the blood glucose concentration responded within hours of endoscopic removal of the metallic foreign bodies.
New or Unique Information Provided
This case demonstrates refractory hypoglycemia associated with zinc toxicosis, which has not been previously reported in the literature.
{"title":"Refractory Hypoglycemia in a Dog With Severe Zinc Intoxication","authors":"John Vietti, Jennifer Herring, Shaunita Sharpe, Barb Gertz","doi":"10.1111/vec.70024","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe hypoglycemia secondary to zinc toxicosis in a dog.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case Summary</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 3-year-old spayed female Pug weighing 9.0 kg presented with lethargy and labored breathing. Diagnostic tests revealed hypoglycemia, regenerative anemia, azotemia, increased liver values, and metallic objects in the stomach. The dog was treated with IV dextrose but remained refractory to therapy for the first 5 h. A serum zinc concentration was 32.28 µg/mL (reference interval, 0.8–1.8 µg/mL). The dog was treated supportively, and the blood glucose concentration responded within hours of endoscopic removal of the metallic foreign bodies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> New or Unique Information Provided</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This case demonstrates refractory hypoglycemia associated with zinc toxicosis, which has not been previously reported in the literature.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"35 4","pages":"449-454"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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