Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care最新文献_第10页

Assessment of change in end-tidal CO2 after fluid challenge as a marker of fluid responsiveness as measured by the aortic velocity time integral in healthy anesthetized mechanically ventilated dogs 在健康麻醉机械通气犬的主动脉流速积分测量中，液体刺激后潮末CO2变化作为液体反应性的标志。

IF 1.1 3区农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care

Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13435

Lisa Tarragona DVM, MS, PhD, Pablo A. Donati DVM, MS, Andrea S. Zaccagnini DVM, Alfredo J. Díaz DVM, Martín R. Ceballos DVM, PhD, Nestor M. Nigro DVM, Santiago E. Fuensalida DVM, Pablo E. Otero DVM, PhD

Objective

To evaluate if variation in the end-tidal CO₂ partial pressure (∆Petco₂) after a fluid challenge could predict fluid responsiveness with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 70% in healthy anesthetized and mechanically ventilated dogs.

Design

Diagnostic accuracy study.

Setting

University hospital.

Animals

Twenty-seven dogs admitted for neutering.

Interventions

To obtain a balanced sample between fluid responder and nonresponder dogs, a 10-mL/kg lactated Ringer's solution was administered over 15 minutes to half of the population before the baseline measurements. All animals then received a fluid challenge of 10 mL/kg lactated Ringer's solution in 5 minutes.

Measurements and Main Results

The velocity–time integral of aortic blood flow (VTI_Ao) was evaluated with Doppler echocardiography before and after a fluid challenge to classify the included dogs as fluid responders or nonresponders. Fluid responsiveness was defined as an increase of ≥15% of the VTI_Ao after the fluid challenge. Petco₂ was evaluated at 1, 5, and 10 (T1, T5, T10) minutes after fluid expansion. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) analysis was used to assess the ability of ∆Petco₂ to predict fluid responsiveness at different time points. A total of 13 dogs were fluid responders, and 14 were nonresponders. The best predictive capacity for ∆Petco₂ was observed at T10. The AUROC with its 95% confidence interval (CI) for ∆Petco₂ at T10 was 0.75 (0.56–0.93), with a sensitivity of 84.62% (95% CI, 54.60–98.10), a specificity of 64.29% (95% CI, 35.10–87.20), a positive predictive value of 68.80% (95% CI, 41.30–89.00), and a negative predictive value of 81.80% (95% CI, 48.20–97.70). The optimal cutoff was 1 mm Hg.

Conclusions

The current study showed that, although minimal, ∆Petco₂ predicted fluid responsiveness in the dogs studied.

目的：评价在麻醉和机械通气的健康犬中，液体刺激后潮汐末CO2分压（∆Petco2）的变化是否能以75%的灵敏度和70%的特异性预测液体反应。设计：诊断准确性研究。单位：大学医院。动物：27只狗接受绝育手术。干预措施：为了在有液体反应和无反应的狗之间获得平衡的样本，在基线测量之前，对一半的人群在15分钟内给予10ml /kg乳酸林格溶液。然后，所有动物在5分钟内接受10 mL/kg乳酸林格氏液的液体刺激。测量结果和主要结果：采用多普勒超声心动图评估液体刺激前后主动脉血流速度-时间积分（VTIAo），将纳入的犬分为液体反应或无反应。流体反应性定义为在流体刺激后VTIAo增加≥15%。在液体膨胀后1、5和10分钟（T1、T5、T10）评估Petco2。采用受试者工作特征曲线下面积（AUROC）分析来评估∆Petco2预测不同时间点流体反应性的能力。总共有13只狗对液体有反应，14只没有反应。在T10时观察到对∆Petco2的最佳预测能力。T10时，∆Petco2的AUROC 95%可信区间（CI）为0.75(0.56 ~ 0.93)，敏感性为84.62% (95% CI, 54.60 ~ 98.10)，特异性为64.29% (95% CI, 35.10 ~ 87.20)，阳性预测值为68.80% (95% CI, 41.30 ~ 89.00)，阴性预测值为81.80% （95% CI, 48.20 ~ 97.70）。结论：目前的研究表明，∆Petco2虽然很小，但可以预测所研究犬的液体反应性。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the Trauma-Associated Severe Hemorrhage score as a predictor of transfusion in traumatized dogs 评估创伤相关严重出血评分作为创伤犬输血预测指标的作用。

IF 1.1 3区农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care

Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13425

Atalie Delgado DVM, Jennifer Prittie DVM, DACVIM, DACVECC, Alicia Mastrocco DVM, DACVECC, Joel Weltman DVM, DACVECC, PhD

Objective

To retrospectively study the use of the human-based Trauma-Associated Severe Hemorrhage (TASH) score to predict transfusion needs and outcome in a population of traumatized dogs.

Measurements and Main Results

The TASH score (comprising sex, hemoglobin concentration, systolic blood pressure, abdominal effusion, heart rate, base excess [BE], and presence of pelvic/femoral fractures) was applied to 24 dogs presenting to a private veterinary hospital following trauma: 12 dogs that required transfusion of blood products and 12 age- and weight-matched controls that did not. Dogs that required transfusions demonstrated a significantly higher TASH score compared with dogs that did not (10.2 ± 2.0 vs 5.2 ± 1.1, respectively; P = 0.03). Univariate analyses of individual TASH score components demonstrated significant differences between animals that received a transfusion and those that did not in BE (median: −8.6 [range: −14.4 to 1.4] vs −4.5 [range: −15.4 to −0.4], respectively; P = 0.04) and positive abdominal fluid score (4/12 vs 0/12, respectively; P = 0.03). The Animal Trauma Triage scores (ATTSs) for dogs included in the study were also obtained from the Veterinary Committee on Trauma registry. The mean ATTS was significantly higher in dogs that received blood transfusions than those that did not (5.2 ± 0.78 vs 2.0 ± 0.5, respectively; P = 0.003).

Conclusions

The TASH score may be useful to predict transfusion needs in a larger population of traumatized canine patients.

目的回顾性研究人类创伤相关性大出血（TASH）评分的使用情况，以预测创伤犬群体的输血需求和结果：将 TASH 评分（包括性别、血红蛋白浓度、收缩压、腹腔积液、心率、基数过大 [BE] 和是否存在骨盆/股骨骨折）应用于 24 只在外伤后到一家私立兽医院就诊的狗：12 只需要输血的狗和 12 只年龄和体重匹配但不需要输血的对照组。与不需要输血的狗相比，需要输血的狗的 TASH 得分明显更高（分别为 10.2 ± 2.0 vs 5.2 ± 1.1；P = 0.03）。对 TASH 评分的各个组成部分进行的单变量分析表明，在 BE 中，接受输血的动物与未接受输血的动物之间存在显著差异（中位数：-8.6 [范围：-8.6]）：分别为-8.6 [范围：-14.4 至 1.4] vs -4.5 [范围：-15.4 至 -0.4]；P = 0.04）和腹腔积液阳性评分（分别为 4/12 vs 0/12；P = 0.03）。参与研究的犬只的动物创伤分诊评分（ATTS）也是从兽医创伤委员会登记处获得的。接受输血的狗的平均 ATTS 明显高于未接受输血的狗（分别为 5.2 ± 0.78 vs 2.0 ± 0.5；P = 0.003）：结论：TASH 评分可能有助于预测更多犬类创伤患者的输血需求。

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引用次数: 0

Design of a nasopharyngeal tamponade device in canine cadavers 在犬尸体中设计鼻咽部填塞装置。

IF 1.1 3区农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care

Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13427

Anais Allen-Deal BVetMed, Joanna Lodzinska DCM, MsC, DECVDI, Ingrid Isaac DVM, Efa Llewellyn BVetMed, DACVECC, DECVECC, Adam Gow BVM&S, PhD, DSAM, DECVIM, Craig Breheny BVM&S, DECVIM

Objective

To evaluate the feasibility of an improvised tamponade device allowing direct pressure to be applied to the canine nasopharynx.

Design

Proof-of-concept study using 8 canine cadavers.

Methods and Results

A tamponade device was made by placing a condom over a nasogastric tube and suturing it to match the length of the nasopharynx. The device was placed in the nasopharynx of canine cadavers via the nares and filled with diluted ioversol. Placement was then confirmed with radiography or computed tomography. Concentrated ioversol was infused into the rostral nasal cavity to assess for a nasopharyngeal seal, defined as no ioversol passing the device seen on imaging. Subjective assessment of adequate nasopharyngeal compression via digital palpation of the soft palate agreed with imaging findings. Repositioning was required in several cases, but with digital palpation, initial placement was more accurate. Subsequent effective placement and a nasopharyngeal seal were achieved in all 8 cadavers.

Conclusion

This device can be placed in the canine nasopharynx, and an adequate nasopharyngeal seal can be achieved, allowing direct compression of the nasopharynx and filling of the nasal cavity with solution. Confirmation of placement was successful with digital palpation and imaging. Further studies are required to investigate the use of this device in live patients.

目的：评估简易填塞装置的可行性：评估在犬鼻咽部直接加压的简易填塞装置的可行性：方法与结果：使用 8 只犬尸体进行概念验证研究：将避孕套套在鼻胃管上，然后缝合，使其与鼻咽的长度一致。经鼻将该装置放入犬尸体的鼻咽部，并注入稀释的碘伏。然后通过射线或计算机断层扫描确认放置位置。将浓缩的碘伏注入喙鼻腔，以评估鼻咽密封性，即在成像中看不到碘伏通过装置。通过对软腭进行数字触诊对鼻咽部是否受到充分压迫进行的主观评估与成像结果一致。有几个病例需要重新定位，但通过数字触诊，最初的定位更为准确。所有 8 具尸体都实现了随后的有效放置和鼻咽密封：结论：该装置可置入犬鼻咽部，并可实现充分的鼻咽密封，从而直接压迫鼻咽部并向鼻腔注入溶液。通过数字触诊和成像确认放置成功。还需要进一步研究该装置在实际患者中的使用情况。

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引用次数: 0

Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis in a weanling donkey jack 一头断奶驴的双侧膈肌麻痹。

IF 1.1 3区农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care

Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13424

Alicia E. Long DVM, Claire Underwood VetMB, PhD, Kathryn Wulster VMD, DACVR, Sydney L. Gibson DVM, DACVR, Rose Nolen-Walston DVM, DACVIM

Objective

To describe the clinical presentation and diagnosis of bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis in a weanling miniature donkey jack.

Case Summary

A 5-month-old miniature donkey jack presented to a tertiary care facility for fever, cough, and increased respiratory rate and effort initially unresponsive to treatment with antimicrobials and anti-inflammatories. Clinical and diagnostic evaluations found no evidence of upper respiratory obstruction or bacterial pneumonia. Serial arterial blood gas evaluations revealed hypercapnia and hypoxemia, and diagnostic imaging was consistent with bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis. The patient's nasal swab for equine influenza type A (subtype H3N8) was positive and had a mildly decreased whole blood selenium concentration. The donkey recovered after treatment with anti-inflammatories and supportive care.

New or Unique Information Provided

This case documents the first report of diaphragmatic paralysis in a donkey, with concurrent equine influenza infection offering a possible causal factor. Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis should be considered as a differential diagnosis for respiratory distress in donkeys, particularly when diagnostic testing or treatment trials do not support more common causes of respiratory disease in adult animals, such as infectious lower airway disease, asthma, and pulmonary fibrosis.

目的：描述一头断奶迷你驴双侧膈肌麻痹的临床表现和诊断：病例摘要：一只 5 个月大的迷你驴因发烧、咳嗽、呼吸频率加快和起初对抗菌药和消炎药治疗无反应而到一家三级医疗机构就诊。临床和诊断评估未发现上呼吸道阻塞或细菌性肺炎的迹象。连续的动脉血气评估显示存在高碳酸血症和低氧血症，影像诊断结果与双侧膈肌麻痹一致。患者的鼻拭子甲型马流感（H3N8 亚型）检测呈阳性，全血硒浓度轻度下降。经过抗炎药物治疗和支持性护理后，驴子恢复了健康：本病例记录了首例驴膈肌麻痹的报告，并发马流感感染可能是致病因素之一。应将双侧膈肌麻痹作为驴呼吸困难的鉴别诊断，尤其是当诊断测试或治疗试验不支持成年动物呼吸道疾病的更常见病因时，如感染性下气道疾病、哮喘和肺纤维化。

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引用次数: 0

The prevalence of murmurs and gallop sounds in anemic cats 贫血猫杂音和奔马音的发生率。

IF 1.1 3区农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care

Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13431

Hannah Matson BVetMed, DACVECC, Virginia Luis Fuentes MA, VetMB, PhD DACVIM, DECVIM, Karen Humm MA, VetMB, DACVECC, DECVECC

Background

There is little information on the prevalence of auscultatory abnormalities in anemic cats. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of cardiac murmurs and gallop sounds in a population of anemic and nonanemic cats presenting to an emergency room (ER) and to assess whether the prevalence of auscultatory abnormalities was influenced by the severity of anemia.

Key Findings

Records of cats presenting to an ER between May 2021 and May 2022 or receiving a blood transfusion between September 2019 and January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed for presence of a murmur or gallop sound. Cats with known structural heart disease were excluded. A murmur was found in 56 of 185 (30%) anemic cats compared with 11 of 102 (11%) nonanemic cats (p < 0.001), with a higher proportion in cats with PCV <16% (p < 0.001). Twenty-five of 185 (14%) anemic cats had a gallop compared with 4 of 102 (4%) nonanemic cats (p = 0.009), with the highest proportion in cats with PCV 11%–20% (p < 0.001). Echocardiography was performed on 17 of 185 anemic cats; 8 had normal echocardiograms and 9 demonstrated evidence of chamber dilation without left ventricular wall thickening, consistent with anemia.

Conclusions

Abnormalities on auscultation are common in anemic cats presenting to the ER, with a higher prevalence in more severely anemic cats.

背景：有关贫血猫听诊异常患病率的信息很少。本研究旨在描述在急诊室（ER）就诊的贫血猫和非贫血猫中心脏杂音和奔马音的发生率，并评估听诊异常的发生率是否受贫血严重程度的影响：回顾性分析了2021年5月至2022年5月期间在急诊室就诊或2019年9月至2022年1月期间接受输血的猫的记录，以确定是否存在杂音或奔马音。已知患有结构性心脏病的猫被排除在外。在 185 只贫血猫中有 56 只（30%）出现杂音，而在 102 只非贫血猫中有 11 只（11%）出现杂音（P 结论：贫血猫的心脏听诊出现异常：在急诊室就诊的贫血猫中，听诊异常很常见，贫血较严重的猫发病率更高。

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引用次数: 0

A suspected anaphylactoid reaction to intravenous administration of mannitol in a dog 一只狗静脉注射甘露醇后出现疑似过敏性反应。

IF 1.1 3区农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care

Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13440

Kathleen Seddon BSc, BVSc, Georgina Stewart BVSc, DACVIM, Íde Gillespie BVMS, DACVECC

Objective

To describe a case of a suspected anaphylactoid reaction to mannitol in a dog.

Case Summary

A 1-year-old, neutered female French Bulldog was anesthetized for a T12–T13 dorsal laminectomy surgery for a previously diagnosed spinal arachnoid diverticulum. Perioperatively, the spinal cord appeared grossly edematous, and IV mannitol administration was elected. Midway through administration of mannitol, peracute erythema and angioedema were noted around the patient's tongue, muzzle, and paws. The dog's tongue grew to approximately twice its normal size. All vital parameters remained within normal limits. The dog was treated intravenously with dexamethasone and intramuscularly with mepyramine maleate. The remainder of the anesthetization was uneventful. The swelling completely resolved during the 2-hour recovery period, but careful management of the enlarged tongue was required to prevent airway occlusion.

New or Unique Information Provided

This is the first reported case of a suspected anaphylactoid reaction to IV administration of mannitol in a dog.

目的：描述一例疑似甘露醇过敏反应的病例：病例摘要：一只 1 岁的阉割雌性法国斗牛犬因之前诊断出脊髓蛛网膜憩室而接受了 T12-T13 背侧椎板切除手术的麻醉。围手术期，脊髓出现严重水肿，因此选择静脉注射甘露醇。在使用甘露醇的中途，患者的舌头、口腔和爪子周围出现了急性红斑和血管性水肿。狗狗的舌头长到了正常大小的两倍左右。所有生命指标均保持在正常范围内。该犬接受了静脉注射地塞米松和肌肉注射马来酸甲吡胺的治疗。其余的麻醉过程都很顺利。在 2 小时的恢复期内，肿胀完全消退，但需要小心处理肿大的舌头，以防气道堵塞：这是首例报告的狗静脉注射甘露醇后发生疑似过敏性反应的病例。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of point-of-care capillary and venous blood glucose concentrations in hospitalized neonatal foals 评估住院新生马驹的护理点毛细血管和静脉血糖浓度。

IF 1.1 3区农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care

Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13429

Ana Sofia Dias Moreira DVM, DACVIM, DACVECC, Hsin-Yi Weng BVM, MPH, PhD, Laura D. Hostnik DVM, MS, DACVIM, Erin M. Beasley DVM, PhD, DACVIM, Simon F. Peek BVSc, PhD, DACVIM, Amelia S. Munsterman DVM, PhD, DACVS, DACVECC

Objective

To compare glucose measurements from capillary and venous blood samples using a point-of-care (POC) glucometer with a standard laboratory (colorimetric, glucose oxidase) assay (LABGLU) in a population of hospitalized, neonatal foals.

Design

Multicenter, prospective, experimental study, conducted between March 2019 and June 2020.

Setting

Four university teaching hospitals and 1 private referral hospital.

Animals

Fifty-four hospitalized neonatal (≤30 days of age) foals.

Interventions

Simultaneous capillary (muzzle, POCMUZ) and venous (jugular, POCJUG) blood samples were obtained to determine POC glucose concentrations. Venous samples were also analyzed by LABGLU. Each foal was sampled at the time of enrollment or admission to the hospital and at 1 subsequent point during hospitalization. Indirect mean arterial pressure and hematocrit were concurrently recorded.

Measurements and Main Results

Bland–Altman analysis showed a mean bias (95% limits of agreement) of −28.0 (−88.6 to 32.6) mg/dL for comparison of POCJUG with LABGLU, −8.2 (−94.3 to 78.0) mg/dL for POCMUZ and LABGLU, and 18.8 (−44.4 to 82.0) mg/dL for POCMUZ and POCJUG. A total of 63.5% of the POCJUG and 45.2% of the POCMUZ samples exceeded the reference value by ±15 mg/dL (for LABGLU samples <75 mg/dL) or ±15% (for LABGLU samples ≥75mg/dL). Concordance correlation coefficient (95% confidence interval [CI]) indicated a fair agreement between POCJUG and LABGLU (0.75, 95% CI: 0.66–0.82) and between POCMUZ and LABGLU (0.71, 95% CI: 0.58–0.80). Fifty percent (14/28) of hypoglycemic foals on the reference method were incorrectly classified as euglycemic by POCJUG, and 5 of 28 were incorrectly classified by POCMUZ.

Conclusions

In the sampled population, the chosen POC glucometer lacked agreement with the standard laboratory measurement. Limits of agreement were wide for both POCJUG and POCMUZ. Inaccuracies in POC results could impact decision-making in the clinical management of glycemic control in hospitalized neonatal foals and, impo

目的比较使用护理点（POC）血糖仪和标准实验室（比色法、葡萄糖氧化酶）测定法（LABGLU）对住院新生马驹的毛细血管和静脉血液样本进行的葡萄糖测量：多中心、前瞻性、实验研究，2019 年 3 月至 2020 年 6 月期间进行：四所大学教学医院和一所私立转诊医院：54只住院新生马驹（≤30日龄）：同时采集毛细血管（口腔，POCMUZ）和静脉（颈静脉，POCJUG）血样，以确定 POC 葡萄糖浓度。静脉血样本也通过 LABGLU 进行分析。每匹马驹都在报名或入院时以及住院期间的一个时间点采集血样。同时记录间接平均动脉压和血细胞比容：Bland-Altman分析显示，POCJUG与LABGLU的平均偏差（95%的一致性）为-28.0（-88.6至32.6）mg/dL，POCMUZ与LABGLU的平均偏差为-8.2（-94.3至78.0）mg/dL，POCMUZ与POCJUG的平均偏差为18.8（-44.4至82.0）mg/dL。63.5% 的 POCJUG 和 45.2% 的 POCMUZ 样品超出参考值 ±15 mg/dL（LABGLU 样品的结论）：在抽样人群中，所选的 POC 血糖仪与标准实验室测量值不一致。POCJUG 和 POCMUZ 的一致性限值较宽。POC 结果的不准确性可能会影响住院新生马驹血糖控制的临床管理决策，更重要的是，会增加危重患者低血糖事件被漏诊的风险。

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of cannabinoids in plasma from 38 cases of suspected cannabinoid intoxication in dogs 分析 38 例疑似大麻素中毒狗血浆中的大麻素。

IF 1.1 3区农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care

Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13428

Jennifer M. Loewen DVM, DACVECC, Meara L. Munn-Patterson BScAgr, Katelyn E. McEwen BSc, Stephanie Vuong MSc, Jane Alcorn DVM, PhD, Alan L. Chicoine DVM, MSc, DACVCP

Objective

To quantify and characterize plasma cannabinoid concentrations in cases of suspected cannabis toxicity in dogs, identify potential correlations between clinical signs and plasma concentrations, and assess the specificity of cannabis toxicity diagnosis based on clinical signs alone.

Design

Observational study.

Setting

Veterinary teaching hospital.

Animals

Thirty-eight client-owned animals.

Interventions

Blood was collected from dogs presenting to the emergency room for suspected cannabinoid intoxication based on history or physical examination findings. Samples were analyzed using a validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the cannabinoids Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and their active metabolites.

Measurements and Main Results

The most common abnormality observed was ataxia (35/38 dogs), with urinary incontinence, lethargy, and hyperesthesia also commonly noted. Cannabinoids were quantifiable in 37 of 38 plasma samples (97.4%), with THC the predominant cannabinoid (range: 1.99–2748 ng/mL). Lower concentrations of CBD (up to 115.3 ng/mL) and cannabinoid metabolites were detected. Of the clinical signs recorded, only abnormal reflexes were statistically correlated with the THC concentration at the time of sampling (P = 0.01).

Conclusions

A diagnosis of suspected cannabinoid toxicity based on case history and clinical presentation was confirmed via quantifiable plasma concentrations in nearly all cases. Although the range of plasma cannabinoid concentrations was broad, the clinical signs observed were generally similar. Other than the presence of abnormal reflexes, clinical signs were not associated with plasma THC concentrations. Subsequent confirmation of cannabinoids in plasma indicates that cannabis toxicity in dogs can be diagnosed with high specificity by veterinarians based only on history and clinical abnormalities.

目的量化疑似大麻中毒犬血浆中的大麻素浓度并确定其特征，确定临床症状与血浆浓度之间的潜在相关性，并评估仅根据临床症状诊断大麻中毒的特异性：观察研究：动物：38 只客户饲养的动物38只客户饲养的动物：根据病史或体格检查结果对疑似大麻中毒的狗进行血液采集。使用经过验证的液相色谱-串联质谱法分析样本中的大麻素Δ9-四氢大麻酚（THC）、大麻二酚（CBD）及其活性代谢物：观察到的最常见异常是共济失调（35/38 只狗），尿失禁、嗜睡和过度兴奋也很常见。38 份血浆样本中有 37 份（97.4%）可对大麻素进行定量，其中四氢大麻酚是最主要的大麻素（范围：1.99-2748 纳克/毫升）。检测到的 CBD（最高 115.3 纳克/毫升）和大麻素代谢物浓度较低。在记录的临床症状中，只有反射异常与采样时的四氢大麻酚浓度存在统计学相关性（P = 0.01）：结论：根据病史和临床表现做出的疑似大麻素中毒诊断几乎在所有病例中都能通过可量化的血浆浓度得到证实。虽然血浆中大麻素浓度的范围很广，但观察到的临床症状大致相似。除了出现异常反射外，临床症状与血浆中四氢大麻酚的浓度无关。随后对血浆中大麻素的确认表明，兽医可以仅根据病史和临床异常诊断出狗的大麻中毒，特异性很高。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the safety and effect of lyophilized canine-specific albumin to increase serum albumin concentration and colloid osmotic pressure in healthy dogs 评估冻干犬特异性白蛋白提高健康犬血清白蛋白浓度和胶体渗透压的安全性和效果。

IF 1.1 3区农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care

Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13432

Brittany D. Enders DVM, DACVECC, Sarah E. Musulin DVM, DACVECC, Marie K. Holowaychuk DVM, DACVECC, Anne S. Hale DVM

Objective

To evaluate the safety of repeated administration of a lyophilized canine-specific albumin (CSA) product and to quantify its effect on serum albumin concentrations and colloid osmotic pressure (COP) in healthy dogs.

Design

Prospective study.

Setting

University research facility.

Animals

Six healthy, adult, purpose-bred Beagles.

Interventions

Dogs received 1 g/kg of 16% CSA intravenously on days 1, 2, and 14 and were observed, with serial measurement of vital parameters during and for 2 hours after each infusion, to monitor for adverse events or evidence of a hypersensitivity reaction. Serum albumin concentration and COP were measured at predetermined time points before and after each infusion.

Results

One dog experienced a single episode of vomiting approximately 1 hour after completion of the second infusion. No other adverse reactions were observed during the 28-day study period. Serum albumin concentration was increased by a mean of 0.57 g/dL (5.7 g/L) (P = 0.003) when measured 2 hours after the first CSA infusion, and albumin concentration remained significantly higher than baseline at 24 hours after infusion, with a mean difference of 0.42 g/dL (4.2 g/dL) (P < 0.001). The second and third CSA infusions similarly increased serum albumin concentration at 2 hours (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively) and 24 hours (P = 0.012 and P = 0.007, respectively) after infusion. COP increased by a mean of 2.03 mm Hg at 2 hours after the first infusion (P = 0.013) and remained significantly higher than baseline at 24 hours after infusion, with a mean difference of 1.52 mm Hg (P = 0.002). The second CSA infusion similarly increased COP at 2 hours (P < 0.001) and 24 hours (P = 0.017) after infusion. The third CSA infusion increased COP at 2 hours after infusion (P = 0.004) but did not achieve statistical significance at 24 hours after infusion (P = 0.053).

Conclusions

A 1-g/kg dose of lyophilized CSA was effective at increasing serum albumin concentration and COP. Repeated infusions of CSA appear safe in healthy dogs.

目的评估重复服用冻干犬特异性白蛋白（CSA）产品的安全性，并量化其对健康犬血清白蛋白浓度和胶体渗透压（COP）的影响：设计：前瞻性研究：设计：前瞻性研究：六只健康、成年、专门饲养的比格犬：第 1 天、第 2 天和第 14 天，给狗静脉注射 1 克/千克的 16% CSA，并在每次输液期间和输液后 2 小时内观察和连续测量生命参数，以监测不良事件或超敏反应的证据。在每次输注前后的预定时间点测量血清白蛋白浓度和 COP：结果：一只狗在完成第二次输注约 1 小时后出现一次呕吐。在 28 天的研究期间未观察到其他不良反应。在第一次输注 CSA 2 小时后测量血清白蛋白浓度，其平均值增加了 0.57 g/dL (5.7 g/L)（P = 0.003），输注 24 小时后白蛋白浓度仍显著高于基线值，平均值相差 0.42 g/dL (4.2 g/dL)（P 结论：在输注 CSA 2 小时后测量血清白蛋白浓度，其平均值增加了 0.57 g/dL (5.7 g/L)（P = 0.003），输注 24 小时后白蛋白浓度仍显著高于基线值：1克/千克剂量的冻干 CSA 能有效提高血清白蛋白浓度和 COP。对健康犬重复输注 CSA 似乎是安全的。

{"title":"Evaluation of the safety and effect of lyophilized canine-specific albumin to increase serum albumin concentration and colloid osmotic pressure in healthy dogs","authors":"Brittany D. Enders DVM, DACVECC, Sarah E. Musulin DVM, DACVECC, Marie K. Holowaychuk DVM, DACVECC, Anne S. Hale DVM","doi":"10.1111/vec.13432","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.13432","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the safety of repeated administration of a lyophilized canine-specific albumin (CSA) product and to quantify its effect on serum albumin concentrations and colloid osmotic pressure (COP) in healthy dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>University research facility.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Six healthy, adult, purpose-bred Beagles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interventions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dogs received 1 g/kg of 16% CSA intravenously on days 1, 2, and 14 and were observed, with serial measurement of vital parameters during and for 2 hours after each infusion, to monitor for adverse events or evidence of a hypersensitivity reaction. Serum albumin concentration and COP were measured at predetermined time points before and after each infusion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One dog experienced a single episode of vomiting approximately 1 hour after completion of the second infusion. No other adverse reactions were observed during the 28-day study period. Serum albumin concentration was increased by a mean of 0.57 g/dL (5.7 g/L) (<i>P </i>= 0.003) when measured 2 hours after the first CSA infusion, and albumin concentration remained significantly higher than baseline at 24 hours after infusion, with a mean difference of 0.42 g/dL (4.2 g/dL) (<i>P </i>< 0.001). The second and third CSA infusions similarly increased serum albumin concentration at 2 hours (<i>P </i>= 0.001 and <i>P </i>= 0.001, respectively) and 24 hours (<i>P </i>= 0.012 and <i>P </i>= 0.007, respectively) after infusion. COP increased by a mean of 2.03 mm Hg at 2 hours after the first infusion (<i>P </i>= 0.013) and remained significantly higher than baseline at 24 hours after infusion, with a mean difference of 1.52 mm Hg (<i>P </i>= 0.002). The second CSA infusion similarly increased COP at 2 hours (<i>P </i>< 0.001) and 24 hours (<i>P </i>= 0.017) after infusion. The third CSA infusion increased COP at 2 hours after infusion (<i>P </i>= 0.004) but did not achieve statistical significance at 24 hours after infusion (<i>P </i>= 0.053).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 1-g/kg dose of lyophilized CSA was effective at increasing serum albumin concentration and COP. Repeated infusions of CSA appear safe in healthy dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"34 6","pages":"524-529"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142669890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of intranasal atipamezole by atomization or drops with intramuscular injection for reversing sedative effects of medetomidine in healthy dogs 比较雾化或滴鼻阿替帕米唑与肌肉注射阿替帕米唑对健康狗逆转美托咪定镇静作用的效果。

IF 1.1 3区农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care

Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13439

Majid Jafarbeglou DVM, DVSc, Mehdi Marjani DVM, DVSc, Mohammadreza Oghbaei DVM, Mohammadreza Paryani DVM, PhD, Reza Bakhshi-Khanghah DVM

Objective

To determine and compare the efficacy of intranasal (IN) atomization, IN drops, and IM injection of atipamezole for reversal of medetomidine-induced sedation in healthy dogs.

Design

Prospective, randomized, blinded study.

Setting

University teaching hospital.

Animals

Forty mixed-breed, shelter-owned dogs with an average weight of 29.9 ± 5.6 kg (mean ± SD) that required sedation for minor diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.

Interventions

Atipamezole was administered by a dog handler at 200 µg/kg via IN atomization (ATI-IN_A, n = 10), IN drops (ATI-IN_D, n = 10), or IM injection (ATI-IM, n = 10) 20 minutes following medetomidine administration (40 µg/kg). A control group (n = 10) received no atipamezole.

Measurements and Main Results

Ease of atipamezole administration was evaluated. Sedation score, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and blood pressure (BP) were recorded pre-medetomidine administration (T0), pre-atipamezole administration (T20), and at multiple intervals following atipamezole administration. ATI-IM resulted in the fastest recovery, followed by ATI-IN_A, with ATI-IN_D being the slowest. The adverse cardiovascular impacts of medetomidine were not completely mitigated. ATI-IM showed initial HR restoration followed by a decline. HR in both IN groups showed a slower increase compared to ATI-IM, but no subsequent decline was observed. ATI-IM resulted in a transient decrease in BP, though dogs remained normotensive. A gradual reduction in BP was noted in the IN groups. At T50, RR of all atipamezole groups differed from control, and a significant increase in RR was observed in ATI-IM dogs compared to pre-atipamezole value. No adverse effects were observed.

Conclusions

All routes for atipamezole administration effectively reversed medetomidine-induced sedation, with ATI-IM being fastest. IN routes were easy for the dog handler to administer, making them viable alternatives in cases of accidental drug exposure, particularly outside a hospital setting.

目的确定并比较阿替帕米唑鼻内雾化、鼻内滴注和IM注射对逆转美托咪定诱导的健康犬镇静的疗效：前瞻性、随机、盲法研究：动物40只由收容所饲养的混种犬，平均体重为29.9±5.6千克（平均值±标清值），这些犬在进行小型诊断或治疗过程时需要镇静剂：在注射美托咪定（40 微克/千克）20 分钟后，由驯犬师通过 IN 雾化法（ATI-INA，n = 10）、IN 滴注法（ATI-IND，n = 10）或 IM 注射法（ATI-IM，n = 10）注射阿替帕米唑，剂量为 200 微克/千克。对照组（n = 10）不使用阿替帕米唑：评估阿替帕美唑给药的难易程度。在使用美托咪啶前（T0）、使用阿替帕唑前（T20）和使用阿替帕唑后的多个时间间隔记录镇静评分、心率（HR）、呼吸频率（RR）和血压（BP）。ATI-IM恢复最快，其次是ATI-INA，ATI-IND恢复最慢。美托咪定对心血管的不良影响并未完全缓解。ATI-IM组的心率在恢复初期有所下降。与 ATI-IM 相比，IN 组的心率上升较慢，但没有观察到随后的下降。ATI-IM 导致血压短暂下降，但狗的血压仍然正常。IN 组的血压逐渐下降。T50时，所有阿替帕唑组的RR均与对照组不同，与阿替帕唑前的值相比，ATI-IM组的RR显著增加。未观察到不良反应：所有阿替帕米唑给药途径都能有效逆转美托咪定诱导的镇静，其中 ATI-IM 最快。IN给药途径对于训犬员来说很容易操作，因此在意外接触药物的情况下是可行的替代方法，尤其是在医院以外的环境中。

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