Alkadir Gebeyehu, Ayana Dinka, Wakjira Guta, Fatalo Tesfaye
{"title":"Helminth parasites transmission between species of ruminants in urban and peri-urban areas of Adaa district of Central Ethiopia","authors":"Alkadir Gebeyehu, Ayana Dinka, Wakjira Guta, Fatalo Tesfaye","doi":"10.5897/jvmah2023.1046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jvmah2023.1046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health","volume":"40 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139591070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Kimeli, G. Gitau, D. Ikiror, Willy Mwangi, M. Gakuru
A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with gastrointestinal parasitism in dromedary camel calves in Isiolo County, Kenya. Data on farm-and calf-levels were collected through semi-structured questionnaires. The calves were examined, and a faecal sample was collected per rectum for laboratory analysis. The gastrointestinal parasite eggs and oocysts were estimated using the faecal floatation and McMaster methods in the laboratory. Descriptive analysis was used to summarize the variables, and multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to explore the association between helminth infection and the farm-and calf-level risk factors. A total of 308 calves in 25 households were recruited for this study. The mean number of calves per herd, age and weight were 38, 7.3 months and 169 kg, respectively, while the age at weaning was about 11 months. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitism was 42%, while that of nematodes and coccidia were 31 and 3.9%, respectively. In the first model, the factors that were significantly associated with nematode infections were total milk yield per day, calf age, and calf weight. In the second model, the factors that were significantly associated with Nematodirus species infection were the age of the calf, live body weight and average weaning age of the camel calves. The study concludes that gastrointestinal parasitism (especially nematodes) occurs in camel calves in Kenya. It is recommended that the pastoralists should be educated on the impact of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in camel calves, and the importance of strategic deworming.
{"title":"A cross-sectional study on gastrointestinal parasitism in dromedary camel calves in Isiolo County, Kenya","authors":"P. Kimeli, G. Gitau, D. Ikiror, Willy Mwangi, M. Gakuru","doi":"10.5897/jvmah2023.1045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jvmah2023.1045","url":null,"abstract":"A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with gastrointestinal parasitism in dromedary camel calves in Isiolo County, Kenya. Data on farm-and calf-levels were collected through semi-structured questionnaires. The calves were examined, and a faecal sample was collected per rectum for laboratory analysis. The gastrointestinal parasite eggs and oocysts were estimated using the faecal floatation and McMaster methods in the laboratory. Descriptive analysis was used to summarize the variables, and multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to explore the association between helminth infection and the farm-and calf-level risk factors. A total of 308 calves in 25 households were recruited for this study. The mean number of calves per herd, age and weight were 38, 7.3 months and 169 kg, respectively, while the age at weaning was about 11 months. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitism was 42%, while that of nematodes and coccidia were 31 and 3.9%, respectively. In the first model, the factors that were significantly associated with nematode infections were total milk yield per day, calf age, and calf weight. In the second model, the factors that were significantly associated with Nematodirus species infection were the age of the calf, live body weight and average weaning age of the camel calves. The study concludes that gastrointestinal parasitism (especially nematodes) occurs in camel calves in Kenya. It is recommended that the pastoralists should be educated on the impact of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in camel calves, and the importance of strategic deworming.","PeriodicalId":17608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139200080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. T. Abegunde, A. Oladejo, J. Abiona, M. Abioja, S. Abdulganiyy
The ambient temperature has been found to affect the performance and immune response of broiler, hence the need for determination of immunoglobulin level routinely to evaluate their state of immunity call for concern. This study determines the effects of housing temperature and coconut water (CW) on serum immuglobulins of broiler chickens. A total of 600 Marshall broiler chickens were used, with 200 birds in different housing temperature: Cold (CHT, 18.3-22.1°C), Natural (NHT, 26.3-26.6°C), and Hot (HHT, 34.9-36.1). Each housing temperature was partitioned into five treatment groups: Ordinary water (T 1 ), 0.5 g of Vitamin C/L of water (T 2 ), 0.5% CW/L of water (T 3 ), 1% CW/L of water (T 4 ) and 1.5% CW/L of water (T 5 ), with four replicates and 10 birds per replicate. Immunoglobulin IgG, IgM and IgA were determined. Data collected were subjected to factorial arrangements with one-way Analysis of Variance. Housing temperature significantly (p<0.05) influenced immunoglobulin value for IgG and IgM. Birds under natural housing temperature had the highest IgG (1.62±0.07 mg/dl) compared to others under cold housing temperature (1.39±0.15 mg/dl) and hot housing temperature (0.38±0.07 mg/dl). The IgM level showed a negatively changing trend with birds under hot housing temperature having the highest value (1.95±0.07 mg/dl), followed by cold housing temperature (1.49±0.01 mg/dl), and natural housing temperature (1.06±0.11 mg/dl). Upon administration of coconut water and vitamin C to birds, there is a significant (p<0.05) influence on immunoglobulin values (IgG, IgM and IgA) across the three housing temperatures. It was therefore, concluded that change in ambient temperature can cause variation in immune response of birds and immune responses could be ensured by regulated administration of coconut water and vitamin C in broiler production.
{"title":"Immune regulatory potentials of coconut water and Vitamin C in broiler chicken exposed to varying housing temperature","authors":"P. T. Abegunde, A. Oladejo, J. Abiona, M. Abioja, S. Abdulganiyy","doi":"10.5897/jvmah2023.1026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jvmah2023.1026","url":null,"abstract":"The ambient temperature has been found to affect the performance and immune response of broiler, hence the need for determination of immunoglobulin level routinely to evaluate their state of immunity call for concern. This study determines the effects of housing temperature and coconut water (CW) on serum immuglobulins of broiler chickens. A total of 600 Marshall broiler chickens were used, with 200 birds in different housing temperature: Cold (CHT, 18.3-22.1°C), Natural (NHT, 26.3-26.6°C), and Hot (HHT, 34.9-36.1). Each housing temperature was partitioned into five treatment groups: Ordinary water (T 1 ), 0.5 g of Vitamin C/L of water (T 2 ), 0.5% CW/L of water (T 3 ), 1% CW/L of water (T 4 ) and 1.5% CW/L of water (T 5 ), with four replicates and 10 birds per replicate. Immunoglobulin IgG, IgM and IgA were determined. Data collected were subjected to factorial arrangements with one-way Analysis of Variance. Housing temperature significantly (p<0.05) influenced immunoglobulin value for IgG and IgM. Birds under natural housing temperature had the highest IgG (1.62±0.07 mg/dl) compared to others under cold housing temperature (1.39±0.15 mg/dl) and hot housing temperature (0.38±0.07 mg/dl). The IgM level showed a negatively changing trend with birds under hot housing temperature having the highest value (1.95±0.07 mg/dl), followed by cold housing temperature (1.49±0.01 mg/dl), and natural housing temperature (1.06±0.11 mg/dl). Upon administration of coconut water and vitamin C to birds, there is a significant (p<0.05) influence on immunoglobulin values (IgG, IgM and IgA) across the three housing temperatures. It was therefore, concluded that change in ambient temperature can cause variation in immune response of birds and immune responses could be ensured by regulated administration of coconut water and vitamin C in broiler production.","PeriodicalId":17608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139197609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
African tick-bite fever is a rickettsial illness that has recently emerged as a significant disease among international travelers. This tick-borne zoonosis is transmitted by Amblyomma ticks, which is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and parts of the eastern Caribbean. Uganda is a major tourism destination with plenty of natural environments visited by tourists. In addition to tourists, the Ugandan population could also be at risk since the greater majority of Ugandans are rural based and dependent on agriculture. The disease could be misdiagnosed at health care centers since it is not a priority. Key words: African tick-bite fever, Rickettsia africae, spotted fever group rickettsiosis, zoonosis, Uganda.
{"title":"Epidemiology of African Tick-Bite Fever (Rickettsia africae) in Uganda","authors":"Nakayima Jesca, Sente Celsus","doi":"10.5897/jvmah2023.1040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jvmah2023.1040","url":null,"abstract":"African tick-bite fever is a rickettsial illness that has recently emerged as a significant disease among international travelers. This tick-borne zoonosis is transmitted by Amblyomma ticks, which is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and parts of the eastern Caribbean. Uganda is a major tourism destination with plenty of natural environments visited by tourists. In addition to tourists, the Ugandan population could also be at risk since the greater majority of Ugandans are rural based and dependent on agriculture. The disease could be misdiagnosed at health care centers since it is not a priority. Key words: African tick-bite fever, Rickettsia africae, spotted fever group rickettsiosis, zoonosis, Uganda.","PeriodicalId":17608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health","volume":"17 14","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135764693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Herbal remedies have a long history of use for tick control. Solanum incanum ripe fruits are locally used to manage ticks. In this study, the effect of S. incanum fruit extracts on egg hatchability, inhibition of oviposition and larval mortality of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks was investigated. The reproductive efficiency of eggs laid by the ticks was determined. The highest number of eggs laid was recorded in the untreated control, whereas the lowest was in the control treated with amitraz. The number of eggs that were laid after treatment with the plant extract increased with increase in the extract concentration, that is, 20, 10 and 5% was 51.0262, 43.774 and 36.901%, respectively. The control treated with amitraz showed higher efficacy of 98.63556% whereas the untreated control had no effect on the ticks. S. incanum 5% showed higher efficacy of 33.49%, than 10 and 20%, which showed 19.405 and 7.833%, respectively. However, there was no significant differences in efficacies between the fruit extract concentrations. In the results obtained from the larval packet test (LPT), the control treated with amitraz was recorded with the highest mortality of 100% whereas the untreated control showed no significant larval mortality. There was high larval mortality recorded in all the three concentrations of S. incanum, of 100, 50 and 25 mg/ml with 97.969, 98.589 and 95.948%, respectively. Key words: Efficacy, Solanum incanum, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus.
{"title":"In-vitro efficacy of solanum incanum on Rhipicephalus appendiculatus","authors":"Obed Mugumya","doi":"10.5897/jvmah2020.0900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jvmah2020.0900","url":null,"abstract":"Herbal remedies have a long history of use for tick control. Solanum incanum ripe fruits are locally used to manage ticks. In this study, the effect of S. incanum fruit extracts on egg hatchability, inhibition of oviposition and larval mortality of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks was investigated. The reproductive efficiency of eggs laid by the ticks was determined. The highest number of eggs laid was recorded in the untreated control, whereas the lowest was in the control treated with amitraz. The number of eggs that were laid after treatment with the plant extract increased with increase in the extract concentration, that is, 20, 10 and 5% was 51.0262, 43.774 and 36.901%, respectively. The control treated with amitraz showed higher efficacy of 98.63556% whereas the untreated control had no effect on the ticks. S. incanum 5% showed higher efficacy of 33.49%, than 10 and 20%, which showed 19.405 and 7.833%, respectively. However, there was no significant differences in efficacies between the fruit extract concentrations. In the results obtained from the larval packet test (LPT), the control treated with amitraz was recorded with the highest mortality of 100% whereas the untreated control showed no significant larval mortality. There was high larval mortality recorded in all the three concentrations of S. incanum, of 100, 50 and 25 mg/ml with 97.969, 98.589 and 95.948%, respectively. Key words: Efficacy, Solanum incanum, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus.","PeriodicalId":17608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health","volume":"13 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135976851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marco Antonio Santillán-Flores, Laura Hernández-Andrade, De Brito Leticia Blanco-, Miguel Angel Blanco-Ochoa, López Dionicio Córdova-
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) is the etiological agent of paratuberculosis, which is one of the chronic diseases that cause financial losses in livestock production. Map can be present in cheese and other dairy products, especially those made with unpasteurized milk. Contamination of the food supply chain exposes humans to the bacteria, making the disease an important zoonosis of public health significance and a one-health emergency. The purpose of the study was to determine the presence of Map in raw goat milk, natural rennet, and artisanal fresh cheese. A total of 18 milk samples were collected directly from the bulking tank, 23 from fresh cheese, and 10 from milk rennet from five municipalities in the State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Samples were analyzed through bacteriological culture and IS900 PCR-n. Statistical analysis was carried out in STATA® 7.0, analyzing frequencies and the Kappa test to determine the concordance index between bacteriological culture and IS900 PCR-n results. Map was isolated from four milk samples (n=4/18, 22%), one from cheese (n=1/23, 4.3%), while none were obtained from rennet samples. IS900 PCR-n detected 22 positive samples: 6/18 (33.3%) in milk, 8/10 (80%) in rennet and 8/23 (34.74%) in cheese. Concordance between IS900 PCR-n and bacteriological culture in milk samples was high (0.7273) but low in cheese samples (0.0707). Map was detected in milk and artisanal cheese, although it is noteworthy that Map genomic material was detected in 80% of rennet samples analyzed with PCR. Quality control of milk, rennet, and all the inputs used for making cheese is necessary. Key words: Paratuberculosis, map, fresh milk, cheese, rennet, goats
{"title":"Presence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, in goats milk, natural rennet and fresh cheese from San Luis Potosi, Mexico","authors":"Marco Antonio Santillán-Flores, Laura Hernández-Andrade, De Brito Leticia Blanco-, Miguel Angel Blanco-Ochoa, López Dionicio Córdova-","doi":"10.5897/jvmah2023.1043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jvmah2023.1043","url":null,"abstract":"Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) is the etiological agent of paratuberculosis, which is one of the chronic diseases that cause financial losses in livestock production. Map can be present in cheese and other dairy products, especially those made with unpasteurized milk. Contamination of the food supply chain exposes humans to the bacteria, making the disease an important zoonosis of public health significance and a one-health emergency. The purpose of the study was to determine the presence of Map in raw goat milk, natural rennet, and artisanal fresh cheese. A total of 18 milk samples were collected directly from the bulking tank, 23 from fresh cheese, and 10 from milk rennet from five municipalities in the State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Samples were analyzed through bacteriological culture and IS900 PCR-n. Statistical analysis was carried out in STATA® 7.0, analyzing frequencies and the Kappa test to determine the concordance index between bacteriological culture and IS900 PCR-n results. Map was isolated from four milk samples (n=4/18, 22%), one from cheese (n=1/23, 4.3%), while none were obtained from rennet samples. IS900 PCR-n detected 22 positive samples: 6/18 (33.3%) in milk, 8/10 (80%) in rennet and 8/23 (34.74%) in cheese. Concordance between IS900 PCR-n and bacteriological culture in milk samples was high (0.7273) but low in cheese samples (0.0707). Map was detected in milk and artisanal cheese, although it is noteworthy that Map genomic material was detected in 80% of rennet samples analyzed with PCR. Quality control of milk, rennet, and all the inputs used for making cheese is necessary. Key words: Paratuberculosis, map, fresh milk, cheese, rennet, goats","PeriodicalId":17608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136278017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Njeri Maingi Hellen, Edwin Mwangi Willy, Ng’ang’a Chege James, Kimeli Peter, N, Makau Dennis, Cherotich Chepkwony Maurine, Oluga Aboge Gabriel, B. Kaneene John
Giardia duodenalis is an emerging zoonotic protozoan parasite that is significantly affecting the health and welfare of dogs in Nairobi County, Kenya. There is limited data on canine giardiasis in Kenya. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence, risk factors and molecular identity of G. duodenalis infections in dogs in Nairobi County, Kenya. Four hundred fecal samples were collected from randomly selected dogs and subjected to Giardia SNAP test which is a rapid antigen ELISA test to determine the Giardia antigen in the faeces. Positive fecal samples were subjected to molecular analysis through PCR and thereafter sequencing to determine the circulating Giardia genotypes. A Spatial Bernoulli model in SaTScan was used to investigate clustering of Giardia infection in dogs within Nairobi County. A questionnaire was administered to the dog owners to capture data on risk factors for Giardia infection in dogs. Multivariate analysis was used to determine the association between the occurrence of infection and the predicted risk factors. The overall prevalence of Giardia infection in dogs in Nairobi County, Kenya in this study was 22.3%. The risk of infection was 0.99 times during wet season and 0.22 times in young dogs < 12 months. Roaming/stray or dogs that were never housed in kennels had 3.04 times the chances of contracting the infection. Spatial analysis showed two clusters with a high risk of Giardia infection within Nairobi County. Zoonotic assemblages A and B and a mixed infection of both were also isolated in dogs in Nairobi County, Kenya. In conclusion, young and roaming or stray dogs have a higher risk of Giardia infection with the risk of infection being high during the wet season. Dogs within Nairobi County harbor zoonotic assemblages A and B which could pose a public health risk to humans. Key words: Dogs, Giardia duodenalis, prevalence, risk factors, zoonotic genotypes.
{"title":"Prevalence, risk factors, and molecular identity of Giardia infections in dogs in Nairobi County, Kenya","authors":"Njeri Maingi Hellen, Edwin Mwangi Willy, Ng’ang’a Chege James, Kimeli Peter, N, Makau Dennis, Cherotich Chepkwony Maurine, Oluga Aboge Gabriel, B. Kaneene John","doi":"10.5897/jvmah2023.1032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jvmah2023.1032","url":null,"abstract":"Giardia duodenalis is an emerging zoonotic protozoan parasite that is significantly affecting the health and welfare of dogs in Nairobi County, Kenya. There is limited data on canine giardiasis in Kenya. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence, risk factors and molecular identity of G. duodenalis infections in dogs in Nairobi County, Kenya. Four hundred fecal samples were collected from randomly selected dogs and subjected to Giardia SNAP test which is a rapid antigen ELISA test to determine the Giardia antigen in the faeces. Positive fecal samples were subjected to molecular analysis through PCR and thereafter sequencing to determine the circulating Giardia genotypes. A Spatial Bernoulli model in SaTScan was used to investigate clustering of Giardia infection in dogs within Nairobi County. A questionnaire was administered to the dog owners to capture data on risk factors for Giardia infection in dogs. Multivariate analysis was used to determine the association between the occurrence of infection and the predicted risk factors. The overall prevalence of Giardia infection in dogs in Nairobi County, Kenya in this study was 22.3%. The risk of infection was 0.99 times during wet season and 0.22 times in young dogs < 12 months. Roaming/stray or dogs that were never housed in kennels had 3.04 times the chances of contracting the infection. Spatial analysis showed two clusters with a high risk of Giardia infection within Nairobi County. Zoonotic assemblages A and B and a mixed infection of both were also isolated in dogs in Nairobi County, Kenya. In conclusion, young and roaming or stray dogs have a higher risk of Giardia infection with the risk of infection being high during the wet season. Dogs within Nairobi County harbor zoonotic assemblages A and B which could pose a public health risk to humans. Key words: Dogs, Giardia duodenalis, prevalence, risk factors, zoonotic genotypes.","PeriodicalId":17608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136034844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. A. Tijani, A. Usman, K. B. Sanni, H. Muhammad, N. B. Ibrahim, M. Babashani, M. D. Salisu, K. A. Badmus, MK Shekh
The veterinary drug is vital for healthy and quality food-animal production. Their use in poultry production is basically for treatment, prophylaxis and growth promotion. However, cases of misuse of these drugs by the poultry farmers have been reported. This is further worsened by extra-label use and non-observance of withdrawal period, leading to deposition of drug residues in poultry products, thus posing a public health concern. This paper assessed the poultry farmers’ knowledge, attitude and practice of observing withdrawal period of veterinary drugs. Three hundred and eighty-five (385) questionnaires were administered and 380 (98.7%) response rate was recorded. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences 23 and presented in frequency tables. Chi-square was used to determine the relationship between the variables. 57.1% of the poultry farmers in Zaria though well-educated had never checked withdrawal period while 53.2% of the farmers have ever sold their chicken/eggs while on medication. 67.5% out of the 42.9% of farmers that checked the withdrawal period on the packaging materials indicated 14 days as withdrawal period. There existed a strong relationship between the socio-demographic characteristics and other variables (p<0.05). The farmers managed the encountered poultry diseases using most common drugs; Doxygen® (43.2%) and Tylodox® (40%) for duration ranging from 3 to 7 days depending on disease severity and mortality rate. It is suggested that poultry farmers should follow information written on the packaging materials; strict legislation and extensive awareness on observing withdrawal period of drugs should be implemented by the government and relevant stakeholders. Key words: Knowledge, withdrawal period, veterinary drugs, poultry, Zaria.
{"title":"Knowledge, attitude and practice of observing withdrawal period of veterinary drugs in chicken and eggs by poultry farmers in Zaria","authors":"A. A. Tijani, A. Usman, K. B. Sanni, H. Muhammad, N. B. Ibrahim, M. Babashani, M. D. Salisu, K. A. Badmus, MK Shekh","doi":"10.5897/jvmah2022.1015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jvmah2022.1015","url":null,"abstract":"The veterinary drug is vital for healthy and quality food-animal production. Their use in poultry production is basically for treatment, prophylaxis and growth promotion. However, cases of misuse of these drugs by the poultry farmers have been reported. This is further worsened by extra-label use and non-observance of withdrawal period, leading to deposition of drug residues in poultry products, thus posing a public health concern. This paper assessed the poultry farmers’ knowledge, attitude and practice of observing withdrawal period of veterinary drugs. Three hundred and eighty-five (385) questionnaires were administered and 380 (98.7%) response rate was recorded. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences 23 and presented in frequency tables. Chi-square was used to determine the relationship between the variables. 57.1% of the poultry farmers in Zaria though well-educated had never checked withdrawal period while 53.2% of the farmers have ever sold their chicken/eggs while on medication. 67.5% out of the 42.9% of farmers that checked the withdrawal period on the packaging materials indicated 14 days as withdrawal period. There existed a strong relationship between the socio-demographic characteristics and other variables (p<0.05). The farmers managed the encountered poultry diseases using most common drugs; Doxygen® (43.2%) and Tylodox® (40%) for duration ranging from 3 to 7 days depending on disease severity and mortality rate. It is suggested that poultry farmers should follow information written on the packaging materials; strict legislation and extensive awareness on observing withdrawal period of drugs should be implemented by the government and relevant stakeholders. Key words: Knowledge, withdrawal period, veterinary drugs, poultry, Zaria.","PeriodicalId":17608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135434539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdi Feyisa, Mare Tadesse, Jirata Shiferaw Abosse, Hailu Tolosa Yacob
A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2019 to March 2020 to detect the major causes of carcass condemnation and to estimate the attributed financial loss in chickens slaughtered at a private poultry slaughterhouse in Bishoftu, Ethiopia. The study involves a postmortem (PM) inspection of 400 randomly selected chickens. From a total of 400 chickens subjected to PM examination, 77 (19.25%) of them had abnormalities. Of these, 35(8.75%) chickens were totally condemned, while 42 (10.5%) were partially rejected. The major causes of total carcass condemnation observed during this study were machine damage (4.25%), poor bleeding (2.5%), emaciation (1.25%), and septicemia (0.5%). While bruise (7.25), fracture of bone (2%), arthritis (1%) and machine damage (0.25%) were the major causes of partial condemnation, respectively. The high bruises occurrence in the slaughterhouse was due to poor handling of the poultry during transportation and hoisting. The annual financial loss incurred due to carcass condemnation to the slaughterhouse in the study period was estimated to be ETB 660,480 or USD 19,144.34. Improving the management of harvesting, transportation, and adjustment of the equipment used at slaughter can reduce the effect on the carcass and financial losses. This type of study especially, on poultry was not reported so far in Ethiopia therefore; this finding can be used as baseline information for further investigation and controlling of factors responsible for chicken meat condemnation in a poultry slaughterhouse. Key words: Carcass, condemnation, financial, losses, poultry, slaughterhouse.
{"title":"Preliminary study on major causes of carcass condemnation and associated financial losses in chickens slaughtered at a private poultry slaughterhouse in Bishoftu, Ethiopia","authors":"Abdi Feyisa, Mare Tadesse, Jirata Shiferaw Abosse, Hailu Tolosa Yacob","doi":"10.5897/jvmah2021.0960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jvmah2021.0960","url":null,"abstract":"A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2019 to March 2020 to detect the major causes of carcass condemnation and to estimate the attributed financial loss in chickens slaughtered at a private poultry slaughterhouse in Bishoftu, Ethiopia. The study involves a postmortem (PM) inspection of 400 randomly selected chickens. From a total of 400 chickens subjected to PM examination, 77 (19.25%) of them had abnormalities. Of these, 35(8.75%) chickens were totally condemned, while 42 (10.5%) were partially rejected. The major causes of total carcass condemnation observed during this study were machine damage (4.25%), poor bleeding (2.5%), emaciation (1.25%), and septicemia (0.5%). While bruise (7.25), fracture of bone (2%), arthritis (1%) and machine damage (0.25%) were the major causes of partial condemnation, respectively. The high bruises occurrence in the slaughterhouse was due to poor handling of the poultry during transportation and hoisting. The annual financial loss incurred due to carcass condemnation to the slaughterhouse in the study period was estimated to be ETB 660,480 or USD 19,144.34. Improving the management of harvesting, transportation, and adjustment of the equipment used at slaughter can reduce the effect on the carcass and financial losses. This type of study especially, on poultry was not reported so far in Ethiopia therefore; this finding can be used as baseline information for further investigation and controlling of factors responsible for chicken meat condemnation in a poultry slaughterhouse. Key words: Carcass, condemnation, financial, losses, poultry, slaughterhouse.","PeriodicalId":17608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135757579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kamuti N Mutinda, Mbuthia P. Gichohi, W. Maina, Githigia S. Maina, Keya E. Agosa
Myiasis is the infestation of living tissues of human and animals with larvae of flies in the Order Diptera. This study determined the gross and histopathological lesions due to Cordylobia anthropophaga infestations of Dogs in Kitui County, Kenya. Four dogs identified and confirmed to have canine cutaneous myiasis (CCM) infestation were purchased for the study. All the study animals were clinically examined for skin lesions characteristic of CCM and euthanized for complete necropsy examination and histopathological sample collection. Tissue sections were collected from areas with lesions of CCM namely; skin, skeletal muscles and regional draining lymph nodes. They were preserved in 10% buffered formalin and were processed and analyzed using standard methods. Grossly, all dogs had poor body condition, patches of alopecia, emaciated and had the pathognomonic lesions for canine cutaneous myiasis (CCM) characterized by multifocal coalescent nodular lesions (harboring Cordylobia anthropophaga larvae) with 3 mm diameter central pore (furuncles) and erythematous base. Some had serous, hemorrhagic or purulent discharges from the furuncles that matted surrounding hairs. Lesions were distributed mainly on the ventral abdomen, axilla, flanks, legs, perineum and external reproductive organs. Examination of the skin revealed that the furuncular lesions extended throughout the skin thickness from epidermis to the sub-cutis and underlying pale skeletal muscles. There was regional lymphadenopathy in affected body regions. Histopathology confirmed the main lesions in all the dogs were parasitic granulomas, congested blood vessels in the surrounding tissues and eosinophilic lymphadenitis. The granulomas were located in the skin and the underlying skeletal muscles. The lesions were characterized by centrally located parasite, surrounded by connective tissue and heavy infiltration with inflammatory cells predominantly eosinophils. Draining lymph nodes had eosinophilic lymphadenitis. The reported pathological lesions resulted in unthriftiness, alopecia, lethargy and anorexia due to pain and stress resulting to emaciation and possible death. There is need to eradicate the etiological agent as it affects the wellbeing of dogs in the study area.
{"title":"Pathological lesions associated with Cordylobia anthropophaga infestations of dogs in Kitui County, Kenya","authors":"Kamuti N Mutinda, Mbuthia P. Gichohi, W. Maina, Githigia S. Maina, Keya E. Agosa","doi":"10.5897/jvmah2022.1020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jvmah2022.1020","url":null,"abstract":"Myiasis is the infestation of living tissues of human and animals with larvae of flies in the Order Diptera. This study determined the gross and histopathological lesions due to Cordylobia anthropophaga infestations of Dogs in Kitui County, Kenya. Four dogs identified and confirmed to have canine cutaneous myiasis (CCM) infestation were purchased for the study. All the study animals were clinically examined for skin lesions characteristic of CCM and euthanized for complete necropsy examination and histopathological sample collection. Tissue sections were collected from areas with lesions of CCM namely; skin, skeletal muscles and regional draining lymph nodes. They were preserved in 10% buffered formalin and were processed and analyzed using standard methods. Grossly, all dogs had poor body condition, patches of alopecia, emaciated and had the pathognomonic lesions for canine cutaneous myiasis (CCM) characterized by multifocal coalescent nodular lesions (harboring Cordylobia anthropophaga larvae) with 3 mm diameter central pore (furuncles) and erythematous base. Some had serous, hemorrhagic or purulent discharges from the furuncles that matted surrounding hairs. Lesions were distributed mainly on the ventral abdomen, axilla, flanks, legs, perineum and external reproductive organs. Examination of the skin revealed that the furuncular lesions extended throughout the skin thickness from epidermis to the sub-cutis and underlying pale skeletal muscles. There was regional lymphadenopathy in affected body regions. Histopathology confirmed the main lesions in all the dogs were parasitic granulomas, congested blood vessels in the surrounding tissues and eosinophilic lymphadenitis. The granulomas were located in the skin and the underlying skeletal muscles. The lesions were characterized by centrally located parasite, surrounded by connective tissue and heavy infiltration with inflammatory cells predominantly eosinophils. Draining lymph nodes had eosinophilic lymphadenitis. The reported pathological lesions resulted in unthriftiness, alopecia, lethargy and anorexia due to pain and stress resulting to emaciation and possible death. There is need to eradicate the etiological agent as it affects the wellbeing of dogs in the study area.","PeriodicalId":17608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81866612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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