Onset and duration of anaesthesia as well as the changes in vital parameters associated with pentobarbitone-induced anaesthesia in normal dogs administered acetaminophen with and without Silybon 140 were studied. The rectal temperature, heart rates and respiratory rates of dogs before anaesthesia were higher than those after pentobarbitone (35 mg/kg) treatment alone or its combination with acetaminophen or acetaminophen plus Silybon 140. The acetaminophen and Silybon 140 combination produced the least changes in vital parameters following pentobarbitone treatment. The duration of anaesthesia produced in dogs with pentobarbitone anaesthetic was significantly lower in dogs pre-treated with acetaminophen and Silybon 140 combination compared to those given pentobarbitone alone or its combination with acetaminophen. The dogs pre-treated with acetaminophen (300 mg/kg) had the highest duration of anaesthesia of 437± 64 min. These results suggest that pentobarbitone anaesthesia in dogs may be associated with decreased vital parameters. The decrease appears to be more in dogs treated with acetaminophen. The higher duration of anaesthesia and decreased vital parameters in dogs pre-treated with acetaminophen (300 mg/kg) could be associated with hepatotoxic effect of acetaminophen. Silybon 140 given in combination with acetaminophen ameliorated the enhanced vital parameters and duration of pentobarbitone anaesthesia.
{"title":"Effect of silybon 140 on pentobarbitone anaesthesia in dogs exposed to acetaminophen","authors":"A. Nwagbo, P. Onyeyili, J. Abenga, H. Nwankwo","doi":"10.5897/jvmah2019.0770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jvmah2019.0770","url":null,"abstract":"Onset and duration of anaesthesia as well as the changes in vital parameters associated with pentobarbitone-induced anaesthesia in normal dogs administered acetaminophen with and without Silybon 140 were studied. The rectal temperature, heart rates and respiratory rates of dogs before anaesthesia were higher than those after pentobarbitone (35 mg/kg) treatment alone or its combination with acetaminophen or acetaminophen plus Silybon 140. The acetaminophen and Silybon 140 combination produced the least changes in vital parameters following pentobarbitone treatment. The duration of anaesthesia produced in dogs with pentobarbitone anaesthetic was significantly lower in dogs pre-treated with acetaminophen and Silybon 140 combination compared to those given pentobarbitone alone or its combination with acetaminophen. The dogs pre-treated with acetaminophen (300 mg/kg) had the highest duration of anaesthesia of 437± 64 min. These results suggest that pentobarbitone anaesthesia in dogs may be associated with decreased vital parameters. The decrease appears to be more in dogs treated with acetaminophen. The higher duration of anaesthesia and decreased vital parameters in dogs pre-treated with acetaminophen (300 mg/kg) could be associated with hepatotoxic effect of acetaminophen. Silybon 140 given in combination with acetaminophen ameliorated the enhanced vital parameters and duration of pentobarbitone anaesthesia.","PeriodicalId":17608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85545012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kang Jin-su, Chun Yong-woo, Heo Su-young, Kim Nam-soo
An 8-day-old female Shetland pony was referred to the Jeonbuk animal medical center for evaluation of bilateral hindlimb lameness. The foal had been severely lame in the both hind leg since birth. The luxation of the patella was confirmed on physical examinations. During the operation, extensive soft tissue damage and hemorrhage were observed around the medial patellar ligament. Lateral patellar luxation was surgically repaired using lateral release of the patella and medial imbrication of the joint capsule. Follow up revealed that lameness improved during postoperative period. It was concluded that patella luxation as a traumatic cause of lameness in foals can be corrected by surgical techniques successfully.
{"title":"Surgical repair of bilateral traumatic lateral patellar luxation associated with injury of medal stifle joint capsule and fascia in a shetland pony","authors":"Kang Jin-su, Chun Yong-woo, Heo Su-young, Kim Nam-soo","doi":"10.5897/jvmah2020.0896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jvmah2020.0896","url":null,"abstract":"An 8-day-old female Shetland pony was referred to the Jeonbuk animal medical center for evaluation of bilateral hindlimb lameness. The foal had been severely lame in the both hind leg since birth. The luxation of the patella was confirmed on physical examinations. During the operation, extensive soft tissue damage and hemorrhage were observed around the medial patellar ligament. Lateral patellar luxation was surgically repaired using lateral release of the patella and medial imbrication of the joint capsule. Follow up revealed that lameness improved during postoperative period. It was concluded that patella luxation as a traumatic cause of lameness in foals can be corrected by surgical techniques successfully.","PeriodicalId":17608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health","volume":"31 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91455307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. D. Kerfua, N. Nantima, R. Ademun, C. Ayebazibwe, S. Okuthe, J. Sserugga, F. Ejobi, S. Atim, P. Lumu
Preliminary steps of the progressive control pathway for foot-and-mouth disease (PCP-FMD), underscores information on risk areas and risk factors for FMD circulation, as essential in development and implementation of appropriate control and elimination strategies. Isingiro district in Uganda, suffers annual FMD outbreaks despite controls implemented by the Government. Using participatory epidemiology (PE) approaches, we determined risk factors perceived important for FMD occurrence in selected sub-counties of Isingiro district. The PE tools involved use of focus group discussions (FGDs), transect walks, interviews with key informants (KIs) and structured questionnaires. Data from the FGDs and KI interviews were subjected to thematic framework analysis and highlighted that communal grazing, porous border, uncontrolled livestock movement, and livestock markets as major risk factors for FMD occurrence. Linear regression analysis of questionnaire data showed that households closer to the international border and Lake MburoNational Park reported more FMD outbreaks (OR 7.9 and 5.5, respectively). Communally grazed cattle and those that grazed in other villages were 8 times more likely to get FMD (OR 8.3 and 8.4, respectively) in contrast to paddocked or zero grazed cattle. This study highlights factors and physical features substantial for strategic FMD control in the two sub-counties of Isingiro district.
{"title":"Using participatory epidemiology tools to determine perceived risk factors for foot-and-mouth disease occurrence in selected sub-counties of Isingiro district in Uganda","authors":"S. D. Kerfua, N. Nantima, R. Ademun, C. Ayebazibwe, S. Okuthe, J. Sserugga, F. Ejobi, S. Atim, P. Lumu","doi":"10.5897/jvmah2020.0899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jvmah2020.0899","url":null,"abstract":"Preliminary steps of the progressive control pathway for foot-and-mouth disease (PCP-FMD), underscores information on risk areas and risk factors for FMD circulation, as essential in development and implementation of appropriate control and elimination strategies. Isingiro district in Uganda, suffers annual FMD outbreaks despite controls implemented by the Government. Using participatory epidemiology (PE) approaches, we determined risk factors perceived important for FMD occurrence in selected sub-counties of Isingiro district. The PE tools involved use of focus group discussions (FGDs), transect walks, interviews with key informants (KIs) and structured questionnaires. Data from the FGDs and KI interviews were subjected to thematic framework analysis and highlighted that communal grazing, porous border, uncontrolled livestock movement, and livestock markets as major risk factors for FMD occurrence. Linear regression analysis of questionnaire data showed that households closer to the international border and Lake MburoNational Park reported more FMD outbreaks (OR 7.9 and 5.5, respectively). Communally grazed cattle and those that grazed in other villages were 8 times more likely to get FMD (OR 8.3 and 8.4, respectively) in contrast to paddocked or zero grazed cattle. This study highlights factors and physical features substantial for strategic FMD control in the two sub-counties of Isingiro district.","PeriodicalId":17608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83620384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Okwee-Acai, I. Nabukenya, S. Okech, B. Agwai, D. S. Tayebwa, Sylvia Angubua Baluka, P. Okullo, R. Tweyongyere
A pilot herd-health programme for improved health and productivity of peri-urban dairy herds in Kampala, Uganda was evaluated. A total of 15 herds were enrolled on the program following informed owner consent. Fortnightly, each herd was visited for a general herd evaluation with data captured using standard evaluation form. Following each visit and for every farm, a herd health report was produced with specific recommendations. The herds (5-10 milking cows) fed on freshly cut Napier (Pennisetum purpureum) generally produced 10 L or less of milk per cow per day. Daily milk production per cow tended to be higher (t=4.386, p 0.05) between daily milk production and the fortnightly herd health visits. However, following the visits, milk production increased in cows on supplementation with brewer’s waste (t = 2.367, p<0.05) or maize bran (t=2.550, p<0.05), and those that had clinical lameness (t=-2.001, p<0.05). In conclusion, peri-urban dairy herds in Uganda are producing below potential because of feeding and disease control challenges. Therefore, strategic interventions for dairy development should emphasize farmer support to improve the feeding of cows but also the control of diseases, especially lameness and east coast fever. Key words: Herd-health, smallholder dairy, peri-urban, Uganda.
评价了乌干达坎帕拉为改善城郊奶牛群的健康和生产力而开展的一项试点牛群保健方案。在业主知情同意后，共有15个畜群参加了该计划。每两周对每个牧群进行一次一般的牧群评估，并使用标准评估表格获取数据。在每次访问之后，针对每个农场编写了一份畜群健康报告，并提出了具体建议。以新割的纳皮尔(Pennisetum purpureum)为食的牛群(5-10头奶牛)一般每头奶牛每天产10升或更少的牛奶。每头奶牛的日产奶量与每两周的牛群健康访问之间有较高的趋势(t=4.386, p 0.05)。然而，在访问后，添加啤酒粪(t= 2.367, p<0.05)或玉米糠(t=2.550, p<0.05)和临床跛行(t=-2.001, p<0.05)的奶牛产奶量增加。总之，由于饲养和疾病控制方面的挑战，乌干达城郊奶牛群的产量低于潜在水平。因此，奶业发展的战略干预应强调农民支持，以改善奶牛的喂养，同时也要控制疾病，特别是跛行和东海岸热。关键词:牛群健康，小农乳业，城郊，乌干达
{"title":"An evaluation of a pilot herd-health programme for improved health and productivity of smallholder dairy herds in peri-urban Kampala, Uganda","authors":"J. Okwee-Acai, I. Nabukenya, S. Okech, B. Agwai, D. S. Tayebwa, Sylvia Angubua Baluka, P. Okullo, R. Tweyongyere","doi":"10.5897/JVMAH2021.0943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JVMAH2021.0943","url":null,"abstract":"A pilot herd-health programme for improved health and productivity of peri-urban dairy herds in Kampala, Uganda was evaluated. A total of 15 herds were enrolled on the program following informed owner consent. Fortnightly, each herd was visited for a general herd evaluation with data captured using standard evaluation form. Following each visit and for every farm, a herd health report was produced with specific recommendations. The herds (5-10 milking cows) fed on freshly cut Napier (Pennisetum purpureum) generally produced 10 L or less of milk per cow per day. Daily milk production per cow tended to be higher (t=4.386, p 0.05) between daily milk production and the fortnightly herd health visits. However, following the visits, milk production increased in cows on supplementation with brewer’s waste (t = 2.367, p<0.05) or maize bran (t=2.550, p<0.05), and those that had clinical lameness (t=-2.001, p<0.05). In conclusion, peri-urban dairy herds in Uganda are producing below potential because of feeding and disease control challenges. Therefore, strategic interventions for dairy development should emphasize farmer support to improve the feeding of cows but also the control of diseases, especially lameness and east coast fever. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Herd-health, smallholder dairy, peri-urban, Uganda.","PeriodicalId":17608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health","volume":"34 1","pages":"151-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85471669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this review is to generate information about the current status of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) which is recognized as highly infectious, and devastating disease of goats for about 140 years. However, current reports indicated that sheep can be affected. CCPP is caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (Mccp) which is severe and dramatic mycoplasmas, challenging to isolate and properly identify. Coughing, respiratory distress and very high morbidity and mortality are the main clinical signs that described the disease. Transmission of CCPP occurs through aerosol while animals are in nearby contact. There are a number of approaches for the rapid detection and identification of Mccp based on a PCR. In Africa, Asia and Middle East morbidity and mortality can reach about 100% which causes huge economic loss. Presence of CCPP in Ethiopia reported in 1983 and later confirmed from an outbreak in 1990 in Ogaden, Eastern Ethiopia. Since then CCPP has been considered as endemic disease in Ethiopia. Prevention and control of CCPP is undertaken through vaccination, quarantine, restriction of movement, culling of infected and exposed animals and keeping the hygiene of premises. However, it remains one of the standing problems of goat production. Therefore, more research, awareness creation about CCPP, transmission path way, prevention and control methods, in small ruminant rearing areas to reduce the impact of the disease.
{"title":"Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia: A review","authors":"Teshome Dereje, S. Teshale","doi":"10.5897/jvmah2020.0906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jvmah2020.0906","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this review is to generate information about the current status of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) which is recognized as highly infectious, and devastating disease of goats for about 140 years. However, current reports indicated that sheep can be affected. CCPP is caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (Mccp) which is severe and dramatic mycoplasmas, challenging to isolate and properly identify. Coughing, respiratory distress and very high morbidity and mortality are the main clinical signs that described the disease. Transmission of CCPP occurs through aerosol while animals are in nearby contact. There are a number of approaches for the rapid detection and identification of Mccp based on a PCR. In Africa, Asia and Middle East morbidity and mortality can reach about 100% which causes huge economic loss. Presence of CCPP in Ethiopia reported in 1983 and later confirmed from an outbreak in 1990 in Ogaden, Eastern Ethiopia. Since then CCPP has been considered as endemic disease in Ethiopia. Prevention and control of CCPP is undertaken through vaccination, quarantine, restriction of movement, culling of infected and exposed animals and keeping the hygiene of premises. However, it remains one of the standing problems of goat production. Therefore, more research, awareness creation about CCPP, transmission path way, prevention and control methods, in small ruminant rearing areas to reduce the impact of the disease.","PeriodicalId":17608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73808744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Confirmatory diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis is paramount to ensure proper treatment and effective management of the disease in food and companion animals. Suspected invasive aspergilllosis in chickens was encountered at post-mortem. Morphological and molecular methods were employed to identify Aspergillus from samples collected from dead chickens at post-mortem. Morphologically, two species of Aspergillus were identified, namely Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus. Molecular identification based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis of the partial 5.8 S rRNA, complete internal transcribed spacer-2 and partial 28S rRNA sequences bolstered morphological identification to arrive at the confirmatory diagnosis of the disease. Various hotspots that differentiate A. flavus from A. fumigatus and from other Aspergillus species were identified based on multiple sequence analysis. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree showed that isolates from the same species were grouped in the same clade. It is important to correctly identify the Aspergillus species in order to efficiently manage the disease.
侵袭性曲霉病的确诊对于确保食物和伴侣动物疾病的适当治疗和有效管理至关重要。鸡死后发现疑似侵袭性曲霉病。采用形态学和分子学方法对死鸡标本中的曲霉进行鉴定。形态学上鉴定出烟曲霉和黄曲霉两种曲霉。基于聚合酶链反应(PCR)的分子鉴定和部分5.8 S rRNA、完整的内部转录间隔-2和部分28S rRNA序列的序列分析加强了形态学鉴定，从而确定了该病的确诊。通过多序列分析，确定了黄曲霉与烟曲霉及其他曲霉的多个热点区。最大似然系统发育树显示，来自同一物种的分离物被归为同一支系。正确鉴别曲霉种类是有效防治该病的重要手段。
{"title":"Morphological and molecular diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in chickens","authors":"Adesina Fagbohun Olusegun, Akinola Oladosu Gbolahanmi, Damilola Adesina Rofiat","doi":"10.5897/jvmah2021.0929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jvmah2021.0929","url":null,"abstract":"Confirmatory diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis is paramount to ensure proper treatment and effective management of the disease in food and companion animals. Suspected invasive aspergilllosis in chickens was encountered at post-mortem. Morphological and molecular methods were employed to identify Aspergillus from samples collected from dead chickens at post-mortem. Morphologically, two species of Aspergillus were identified, namely Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus. Molecular identification based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis of the partial 5.8 S rRNA, complete internal transcribed spacer-2 and partial 28S rRNA sequences bolstered morphological identification to arrive at the confirmatory diagnosis of the disease. Various hotspots that differentiate A. flavus from A. fumigatus and from other Aspergillus species were identified based on multiple sequence analysis. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree showed that isolates from the same species were grouped in the same clade. It is important to correctly identify the Aspergillus species in order to efficiently manage the disease.","PeriodicalId":17608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77242378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Danillo Brenno de Assis Torres, Antônio Galdino Filho, D. C. Bezerra, Dennis Leite dos Santos, R. A. Oliveira, K.R.S. Leitão, P. Carvalho, R. Rodrigues, F. R. Alves, P. C. Guerra
Testicular ultrasound analysis is a non-invasive diagnostic method and an important step in andrological examination, which enables the early assessment of fertility disorders. Given the importance that asinines have for low-income families, and the need for experiments to establish these patterns of andrological evaluation for donkeys, this study aims to quantitatively determine the testicular echogenicity without a defined racial pattern, as well as to evaluate the testicular biometry and ultrasound changes observed in the testicles of these animals. 30 asinines without a defined racial pattern were used, divided into two groups according to age group (AG1 - 15 animals from 16 to 50 months of age and AG2 - 15 animals over 50 months of age and maximum 130 months). Ultrasound scanning was performed in longitudinal and transverse sections of the testicles. The images obtained were analyzed using GIMP 2.8 software (2012) and a standard gray scale graph (histogram) was generated. The AG2 group showed a significant difference in testicular length, width, and height (P 0.05) between echogenicity (gray scale histogram) of the parenchyma and left testicular mediastinum, between the studied age groups. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the echogenicity of the mediastinum of the right testicle between the age groups. Key words: Diagnostic imaging, reproduction, ultrasound, asinines.
{"title":"Quantitative analysis of echotexture and testicular biometry in asinines used in animal-drawn vehicles","authors":"Danillo Brenno de Assis Torres, Antônio Galdino Filho, D. C. Bezerra, Dennis Leite dos Santos, R. A. Oliveira, K.R.S. Leitão, P. Carvalho, R. Rodrigues, F. R. Alves, P. C. Guerra","doi":"10.5897/JVMAH2021.0933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JVMAH2021.0933","url":null,"abstract":"Testicular ultrasound analysis is a non-invasive diagnostic method and an important step in andrological examination, which enables the early assessment of fertility disorders. Given the importance that asinines have for low-income families, and the need for experiments to establish these patterns of andrological evaluation for donkeys, this study aims to quantitatively determine the testicular echogenicity without a defined racial pattern, as well as to evaluate the testicular biometry and ultrasound changes observed in the testicles of these animals. 30 asinines without a defined racial pattern were used, divided into two groups according to age group (AG1 - 15 animals from 16 to 50 months of age and AG2 - 15 animals over 50 months of age and maximum 130 months). Ultrasound scanning was performed in longitudinal and transverse sections of the testicles. The images obtained were analyzed using GIMP 2.8 software (2012) and a standard gray scale graph (histogram) was generated. The AG2 group showed a significant difference in testicular length, width, and height (P 0.05) between echogenicity (gray scale histogram) of the parenchyma and left testicular mediastinum, between the studied age groups. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the echogenicity of the mediastinum of the right testicle between the age groups. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Diagnostic imaging, reproduction, ultrasound, asinines.","PeriodicalId":17608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"144-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89981900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marco Antonio Santill an-Flores, Dionisio Cordova-L opez, Claudia Celic Guzm an-Ruiz
In order to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with paratuberculosis in ovine livestock production units in Guanajuato, Mexico; a cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out for one year long. Serum samples (n = 1387) were analyzed with an agar gel immunodiffusion test. Bacteriological culture and IS900 nested PCR were done from the fecal samples (n=640). For epidemiological data, two questionnaires (individual animal and LPU) were filled out and statistical analysis was done with STATA 7 ® software. Ovine paratuberculosis prevalence in the studied population was 4.54%; in ovine older than 11 to 24 months age was 3.52%; females with more than three parturitions showed 6.5% prevalence; and in the livestock production units that carried mucking out and elimination of feces only once a month the prevalence was 50%. Odds-ratio analysis (OR) showed that the presence of thin females after parturition had an OR of 3, females with more than 3 parturitions had an OR of 4.74, while livestock production units that mucked out and eliminated feces once a month had OR of 1.41. Results in this study showed the degree of spread of paratuberculosis among sheep throughout various zones in the State of Guanajuato. Comprehensive ovine paratuberculosis epidemiological studies shall be a tangible asset that will allow the design of appropriate control programs for the elimination of the disease in livestock production units. Key words: Ovines, paratuberculosis, risk factors, prevalence, epidemiology
为了确定墨西哥瓜纳华托州畜牧业生产单位中副结核病的流行情况和相关危险因素;进行了为期一年的横断面流行病学研究。血清样本(n = 1387)用琼脂凝胶免疫扩散试验进行分析。对粪便样本(n=640)进行细菌学培养和IS900巢式PCR。流行病学资料采用动物个体和LPU两份调查问卷，用STATA 7®软件进行统计分析。研究人群中绵羊副结核病患病率为4.54%;11 ~ 24月龄以上的羊为3.52%;三次以上分娩的女性患病率为6.5%;在每月只清理一次粪便的牲畜生产单位中，患病率为50%。比值比分析(odds ratio analysis, OR)显示，产后出现瘦母鼠的OR为3，分娩3次以上的母鼠OR为4.74，每月清理一次粪便的畜牧生产单位OR为1.41。这项研究的结果表明，副肺结核在瓜纳华托州各个地区的绵羊中传播的程度。全面的羊副结核病流行病学研究应是一项有形资产，它将允许设计适当的控制方案，以消除畜牧生产单位中的疾病。关键词:绵羊，副结核病，危险因素，流行病学
{"title":"Paratuberculosis epidemiological study (risk factors and prevalence) in ovine livestock production units in the State of Guanajuato, Mexico","authors":"Marco Antonio Santill an-Flores, Dionisio Cordova-L opez, Claudia Celic Guzm an-Ruiz","doi":"10.5897/jvmah2020.0885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jvmah2020.0885","url":null,"abstract":"In order to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with paratuberculosis in ovine livestock production units in Guanajuato, Mexico; a cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out for one year long. Serum samples (n = 1387) were analyzed with an agar gel immunodiffusion test. Bacteriological culture and IS900 nested PCR were done from the fecal samples (n=640). For epidemiological data, two questionnaires (individual animal and LPU) were filled out and statistical analysis was done with STATA 7 ® software. Ovine paratuberculosis prevalence in the studied population was 4.54%; in ovine older than 11 to 24 months age was 3.52%; females with more than three parturitions showed 6.5% prevalence; and in the livestock production units that carried mucking out and elimination of feces only once a month the prevalence was 50%. Odds-ratio analysis (OR) showed that the presence of thin females after parturition had an OR of 3, females with more than 3 parturitions had an OR of 4.74, while livestock production units that mucked out and eliminated feces once a month had OR of 1.41. Results in this study showed the degree of spread of paratuberculosis among sheep throughout various zones in the State of Guanajuato. Comprehensive ovine paratuberculosis epidemiological studies shall be a tangible asset that will allow the design of appropriate control programs for the elimination of the disease in livestock production units. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Ovines, paratuberculosis, risk factors, prevalence, epidemiology","PeriodicalId":17608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80649946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hip dysplasia in cats appears to have a similar prevalence as that seen in dogs especially with large breeds of cats like the Maine coon. However, cats do not commonly show signs of lameness like dogs do. This study was to determine the prevalence of hip dysplasia in domestic shorthair breed of cats in three municipal districts in Accra, Ghana. Twenty (12 males and 8 females) adult (2.3 ± 0.8 years) shorthair breed of cats of both gender weighing 1.7 ± 0.4 kg were included in this study. They were sedated with xylazine and atropine injection prior to radiography. Extended and frog-leg ventro-dorsal radiographs were taken using a manual processing x-ray machine. Norberg angles (NA), joint space scores and subjective morphological alterations for each hip were assessed. Comparisons were made for the NA scores within gender, between gender, between the right and left hips using Independent t-test. The relationship between the joint space scores and weight, age or gender of the cats was assessed. The morphological changes were also assessed. Mean manual Norberg angle measurements for 19 cats were 93.67 ± 1.9° and mean digital Norberg angle measurements for 19 cats was 102.35 ± 1.1°. One cat with complete cranio-dorsal luxation, due to history of preceding accident had manual Norberg angle of 38° and digital Norberg angle of 45°. Two cats displayed mild subluxation of the hip joint. There was no considerable difference in the NA or joint space measurements. This study found a ten percent prevalence of hip dysplasia in domestic shorthair breed of cats in the three Municipal Districts in Accra, Ghana. Both manual and digital methods for measuring the NA provided results which were within similar ranges. Key words: cats, hip dysplasia, radiographs, prevalence, shorthair, domestic.
{"title":"Prevalence of hip dysplasia in domestic shorthair breed of cats in three municipal districts in Accra, Ghana","authors":"Z. Oni, A. Olatunji-akioye, A. A. Oni","doi":"10.5897/jvmah2021.0922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jvmah2021.0922","url":null,"abstract":"Hip dysplasia in cats appears to have a similar prevalence as that seen in dogs especially with large breeds of cats like the Maine coon. However, cats do not commonly show signs of lameness like dogs do. This study was to determine the prevalence of hip dysplasia in domestic shorthair breed of cats in three municipal districts in Accra, Ghana. Twenty (12 males and 8 females) adult (2.3 ± 0.8 years) shorthair breed of cats of both gender weighing 1.7 ± 0.4 kg were included in this study. They were sedated with xylazine and atropine injection prior to radiography. Extended and frog-leg ventro-dorsal radiographs were taken using a manual processing x-ray machine. Norberg angles (NA), joint space scores and subjective morphological alterations for each hip were assessed. Comparisons were made for the NA scores within gender, between gender, between the right and left hips using Independent t-test. The relationship between the joint space scores and weight, age or gender of the cats was assessed. The morphological changes were also assessed. Mean manual Norberg angle measurements for 19 cats were 93.67 ± 1.9° and mean digital Norberg angle measurements for 19 cats was 102.35 ± 1.1°. One cat with complete cranio-dorsal luxation, due to history of preceding accident had manual Norberg angle of 38° and digital Norberg angle of 45°. Two cats displayed mild subluxation of the hip joint. There was no considerable difference in the NA or joint space measurements. This study found a ten percent prevalence of hip dysplasia in domestic shorthair breed of cats in the three Municipal Districts in Accra, Ghana. Both manual and digital methods for measuring the NA provided results which were within similar ranges. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: cats, hip dysplasia, radiographs, prevalence, shorthair, domestic.","PeriodicalId":17608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78389438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Tadeg, A. Lemma, T. Yilma, H. Asgedom, A. A. Reda
A total of 332 dairy cow’s sera samples were collected from Kombolcha and Dessie districts of North Ethiopia to determine the sero-prevalence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), and Brucellosis. Sera samples were split into equal portions and competitive ELISA was used for testing IBR in the first portion while Rose Bengal test (RBT) and Complement Fixation Test (CFT) were used for detection of Brucellosis in the second portion. Sero-positivity was 25.6% (85/332) for IBR and 5.4% (18/332) for brucellosis with RBT which was found to be 0 (0%) by CFT. The prevalence of IBR was significantly influenced (P<0.001; OR=2.880) by parity with higher occurrence in multiparous compared to primiparous cows. IBR sero-positivity was highly associated (P<0.001) with repeat breeding, abortion and retained fetal membrane at odds ratio (OR) 8.833; 13.913 and 12.770, respectively. Similarly, IBR sero-positive animals had significantly higher (P=0.001) average days open, number of service per conception and calving interval than sero-negative animals. Conception rate at first service was higher (P<0.05, 74.4%) in sero-negative cows than in sero-positive dairy cows (25.6%). As latent infections and venereal transmissions are very common in IBR, its impact on the newly emerging urban dairy system would be significant unless an urgent control mechanism is designed. The associations of these reproductive infections with repeat breeding implies that they can seriously undermine the effort toward breed improvement in Ethiopia. Further studies with more detailed evaluation into various reproductive performance parameters should be the next step. Key words: Brucellosis, dairy cattle, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, reproductive disorders reproductive performance, sero-prevalence.
{"title":"Seroprevalence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and brucellosis and their effect on reproductive performance of dairy cattle","authors":"W. Tadeg, A. Lemma, T. Yilma, H. Asgedom, A. A. Reda","doi":"10.5897/JVMAH2020.0889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JVMAH2020.0889","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 332 dairy cow’s sera samples were collected from Kombolcha and Dessie districts of North Ethiopia to determine the sero-prevalence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), and Brucellosis. Sera samples were split into equal portions and competitive ELISA was used for testing IBR in the first portion while Rose Bengal test (RBT) and Complement Fixation Test (CFT) were used for detection of Brucellosis in the second portion. Sero-positivity was 25.6% (85/332) for IBR and 5.4% (18/332) for brucellosis with RBT which was found to be 0 (0%) by CFT. The prevalence of IBR was significantly influenced (P<0.001; OR=2.880) by parity with higher occurrence in multiparous compared to primiparous cows. IBR sero-positivity was highly associated (P<0.001) with repeat breeding, abortion and retained fetal membrane at odds ratio (OR) 8.833; 13.913 and 12.770, respectively. Similarly, IBR sero-positive animals had significantly higher (P=0.001) average days open, number of service per conception and calving interval than sero-negative animals. Conception rate at first service was higher (P<0.05, 74.4%) in sero-negative cows than in sero-positive dairy cows (25.6%). As latent infections and venereal transmissions are very common in IBR, its impact on the newly emerging urban dairy system would be significant unless an urgent control mechanism is designed. The associations of these reproductive infections with repeat breeding implies that they can seriously undermine the effort toward breed improvement in Ethiopia. Further studies with more detailed evaluation into various reproductive performance parameters should be the next step. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Brucellosis, dairy cattle, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, reproductive disorders reproductive performance, sero-prevalence.","PeriodicalId":17608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79422739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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