M. W. Ziba, B. Bowa, Romina Romantini, V. D. Marzio, C. Marfoglia, S. Antoci, G. Muuka, M. Scacchia, M. Mattioli, F. Pomilio
Salmonella is an important zoonotic foodborne pathogen and poultry meat is considered as one of its major sources. This study evaluated Salmonella spp. detected in broiler chicken carcasses in Zambia. A total of 440 broiler neck skin samples were collected from 6 slaughter houses along the process line after evisceration and tested for Salmonella spp. Eleven samples (2.5%) were positive for Salmonella spp. The suspected isolates were serotyped according to White- Kauffmann-Le Minor scheme and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using the Sensititre broth microdilution method. Eight serovars of Salmonella enterica were confirmed namely; S. Bolton (2), S. Enteritidis (1), S. Texas (1), S. Liverpool (1), S. Chomeday (1), S. Mbandaka (1), S. Vellore (1), S. Montevideo (1). Two isolates were not typed completely giving results as S. enterica subsp. enterica O:4:Z and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica O:3,10:Y. Antimicrobial susceptibility showed a 20% multidrug resistance in which S. Vellore and S. Mbandaka were resistant to 5 antimicrobials namely Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Tetracycline, Trimethoprim. S. Enteritidis, S. Bolton and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica O:3, 10:Y were resistant to the antimicrobial Colistin. 50% of the strains were susceptible to the antimicrobials tested. This study reported Salmonella spp. in broiler chickens that have not been reported before in Zambia and showed the presence of antimicrobial resistant strains. Key words: Salmonella serovars, foodborne disease, broiler chicken, antimicrobial resistance.
沙门氏菌是一种重要的人畜共患食源性病原体，禽肉是其主要来源之一。本研究对赞比亚肉鸡胴体中检测到的沙门氏菌进行了评价。对6个屠宰场的440份肉鸡颈部皮肤标本进行了屠宰后的沙门菌检测，11份(2.5%)沙门菌阳性，采用White- Kauffmann-Le Minor方案进行血清分型，并采用Sensititre肉液微量稀释法进行了药敏试验。确定了8个肠沙门氏菌血清型;S. Bolton (2)， S. Enteritidis (1)， S. Texas (1)， S. Liverpool (1)， S. Chomeday (1)， S. Mbandaka (1)， S. Vellore (1)， S. Montevideo(1)。两个分离株未完全分型，结果为肠球菌亚种。肠道沙门氏菌:1:4:Z和肠道沙门氏菌亚种。血清O: 3, 10: Y。耐药率为20%，其中S. Vellore和S. Mbandaka对氨苄西林、环丙沙星、庆大霉素、四环素、甲氧苄啶5种抗菌素耐药。肠炎沙门氏菌，博尔顿沙门氏菌和肠炎沙门氏菌亚种。大肠杆菌O:3、10:Y对粘菌素耐药，50%的菌株对抗菌药物敏感。本研究报告了赞比亚以前未报告的肉鸡沙门氏菌，并显示了抗微生物菌株的存在。关键词:血清型沙门氏菌;食源性疾病;肉鸡;
{"title":"Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp. in broiler chicken neck skin from slaughterhouses in Zambia","authors":"M. W. Ziba, B. Bowa, Romina Romantini, V. D. Marzio, C. Marfoglia, S. Antoci, G. Muuka, M. Scacchia, M. Mattioli, F. Pomilio","doi":"10.5897/JVMAH2020.0837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JVMAH2020.0837","url":null,"abstract":"Salmonella is an important zoonotic foodborne pathogen and poultry meat is considered as one of its major sources. This study evaluated Salmonella spp. detected in broiler chicken carcasses in Zambia. A total of 440 broiler neck skin samples were collected from 6 slaughter houses along the process line after evisceration and tested for Salmonella spp. Eleven samples (2.5%) were positive for Salmonella spp. The suspected isolates were serotyped according to White- Kauffmann-Le Minor scheme and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using the Sensititre broth microdilution method. Eight serovars of Salmonella enterica were confirmed namely; S. Bolton (2), S. Enteritidis (1), S. Texas (1), S. Liverpool (1), S. Chomeday (1), S. Mbandaka (1), S. Vellore (1), S. Montevideo (1). Two isolates were not typed completely giving results as S. enterica subsp. enterica O:4:Z and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica O:3,10:Y. Antimicrobial susceptibility showed a 20% multidrug resistance in which S. Vellore and S. Mbandaka were resistant to 5 antimicrobials namely Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Tetracycline, Trimethoprim. S. Enteritidis, S. Bolton and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica O:3, 10:Y were resistant to the antimicrobial Colistin. 50% of the strains were susceptible to the antimicrobials tested. This study reported Salmonella spp. in broiler chickens that have not been reported before in Zambia and showed the presence of antimicrobial resistant strains. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Salmonella serovars, foodborne disease, broiler chicken, antimicrobial resistance.","PeriodicalId":17608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health","volume":"60 1","pages":"85-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73687313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bezina Arega Emeru, Geberemeskel Mamu Werid, B. Abera
Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a chronic contagious disease of cattle which has economical, public health and veterinary importance worldwide. So far, test and slaughter is the most feasible method to control the disease but identification of lesions from slaughtered animals does not always coincide with ante-mortem test results. Fifty four animals which were found positive by comparative intradermal tuberculin test (CIDT) or INF-γ release assay or both were slaughtered and post mortem examination (PME) was conducted to identify tuberculous (TB) lesions. The animals were composed of four age groups (≤ 3; 4-6; 7-9 and ≥ 10 years) the two sexes and two breeds (Boran, Boran-Friesian cross). Out of all the slaughtered animals, lesions were detected from 70.3% (38/54) of them. No significant difference was observed among the four age groups and two sexes of both breeds of animals on the level of TB lesion detection. Higher proportion of the lesion was observed by mediastinal (40.4%) followed by bronchial (34.8%), retropharyngeal (17.9%) and lastly miliary form and mesenteric lymph nodes in equal proportion (3.3%). Among the CIDT positive animals, 59.2% of them had lesions. Similarly, 46.2% of INF-γ release assay positive animals had lesions during postmortem examination. Of the total CIDT (+) and INF-γ (-) animals, postmortem lesions were detected from 22.2% of them, and in the vice-versa, of the CIDT (-) and INF-γ (+) animals, 9.2% of them contain TB lesions. Using the PME as reference test, sensitivity of CIDT was 84.2% and the specificity was 6.2%. Similarly, the sensitivity and specificity of the INF-γ release assay was 65.7 and 37.5% respectively. It is concluded that, both tests predict the development of TB lesions. However, in our condition, CIDT was found more predictable for detection of TB lesions as compared to INF-γ release assay. Key words: Bovine tuberculosis (BTB), comparative intradermal tuberculin test (CIDT), interferon gamma (INF-γ) release, post mortem examination (PME), tuberculous (TB) lesion
{"title":"Evaluation of comparative intradermal tuberculin and interferon gamma release tests for prediction of tuberculous lesion development in slaughtered cattle","authors":"Bezina Arega Emeru, Geberemeskel Mamu Werid, B. Abera","doi":"10.5897/JVMAH2020.0835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JVMAH2020.0835","url":null,"abstract":"Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a chronic contagious disease of cattle which has economical, public health and veterinary importance worldwide. So far, test and slaughter is the most feasible method to control the disease but identification of lesions from slaughtered animals does not always coincide with ante-mortem test results. Fifty four animals which were found positive by comparative intradermal tuberculin test (CIDT) or INF-γ release assay or both were slaughtered and post mortem examination (PME) was conducted to identify tuberculous (TB) lesions. The animals were composed of four age groups (≤ 3; 4-6; 7-9 and ≥ 10 years) the two sexes and two breeds (Boran, Boran-Friesian cross). Out of all the slaughtered animals, lesions were detected from 70.3% (38/54) of them. No significant difference was observed among the four age groups and two sexes of both breeds of animals on the level of TB lesion detection. Higher proportion of the lesion was observed by mediastinal (40.4%) followed by bronchial (34.8%), retropharyngeal (17.9%) and lastly miliary form and mesenteric lymph nodes in equal proportion (3.3%). Among the CIDT positive animals, 59.2% of them had lesions. Similarly, 46.2% of INF-γ release assay positive animals had lesions during postmortem examination. Of the total CIDT (+) and INF-γ (-) animals, postmortem lesions were detected from 22.2% of them, and in the vice-versa, of the CIDT (-) and INF-γ (+) animals, 9.2% of them contain TB lesions. Using the PME as reference test, sensitivity of CIDT was 84.2% and the specificity was 6.2%. Similarly, the sensitivity and specificity of the INF-γ release assay was 65.7 and 37.5% respectively. It is concluded that, both tests predict the development of TB lesions. However, in our condition, CIDT was found more predictable for detection of TB lesions as compared to INF-γ release assay. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Bovine tuberculosis (BTB), comparative intradermal tuberculin test (CIDT), interferon gamma (INF-γ) release, post mortem examination (PME), tuberculous (TB) lesion","PeriodicalId":17608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health","volume":"36 1","pages":"78-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88537010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Causes of organ condemnations in cattle at slaughter and associated financial losses in Siaya County, Kenya","authors":"M. A., N. D., J. C, C. L.","doi":"10.5897/jvmah2019.0779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jvmah2019.0779","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73129285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Gali, A AbdullahiH., G. Umaru, A ZailaniS., S. Adamu, I. Hamza, M. Jibrin
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the operational facilities and sanitary practices in Zangon Shanu abattoir, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Semi structured questionnaires were administered to the workers and also observational studies on facilities and sanitary practices in the abattoir were conducted. The results showed that 75.00% of the abattoir workers were between the ages of 25 to 35 years, with majority (P<0.05) not well educated. Also 60.00% of the workers are working in the abattoir for more than 6 years (P<0.05), with only 40.00% were well trained on abattoir operations. Observational assessment of abattoir facilities revealed that the size and sitting of the abattoir were very satisfactory, however not cited close to livestock market. Facilities such as lairage, evisceration section, guttery and tripery section, cold room, detained meat section and condemned meat section are present but non-functional. There is ample supply of water from the overhead tank and also hand pump borehole. Most of the solid wastes (bones, horns and undigested ingesta) were packed in sacks and transported out of the abattoir for other uses, while the rests were burnt in the abattoir and the ashes packed for other uses. Liquid wastes was normally done manually by sweeping with brooms and directed into the drainage system which was opened into the nearby stream and bush. All blood from the slaughtered animals were collected into containers, boiled and taken out of the abattoir for other uses. Cleaning and disinfection of the slaughter slabs, premises and floors were done daily and the wastewater and its effluents directed into drainage. The study recommends renovation of some facilities; provision of sanitary sections with well-equipped facilities and provision of bins and dumpsites for proper disposal of wastes. Key words: assessment, operational facilities, sanitary practices, solid and liquid wastes, Zagon Shanu abattoir.
{"title":"Assessment of operational facilities and sanitary practices in Zangon Shanu abattoir, Sabon Gari Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria","authors":"A. Gali, A AbdullahiH., G. Umaru, A ZailaniS., S. Adamu, I. Hamza, M. Jibrin","doi":"10.5897/jvmah2019.0756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jvmah2019.0756","url":null,"abstract":"A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the operational facilities and sanitary practices in Zangon Shanu abattoir, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Semi structured questionnaires were administered to the workers and also observational studies on facilities and sanitary practices in the abattoir were conducted. The results showed that 75.00% of the abattoir workers were between the ages of 25 to 35 years, with majority (P<0.05) not well educated. Also 60.00% of the workers are working in the abattoir for more than 6 years (P<0.05), with only 40.00% were well trained on abattoir operations. Observational assessment of abattoir facilities revealed that the size and sitting of the abattoir were very satisfactory, however not cited close to livestock market. Facilities such as lairage, evisceration section, guttery and tripery section, cold room, detained meat section and condemned meat section are present but non-functional. There is ample supply of water from the overhead tank and also hand pump borehole. Most of the solid wastes (bones, horns and undigested ingesta) were packed in sacks and transported out of the abattoir for other uses, while the rests were burnt in the abattoir and the ashes packed for other uses. Liquid wastes was normally done manually by sweeping with brooms and directed into the drainage system which was opened into the nearby stream and bush. All blood from the slaughtered animals were collected into containers, boiled and taken out of the abattoir for other uses. Cleaning and disinfection of the slaughter slabs, premises and floors were done daily and the wastewater and its effluents directed into drainage. The study recommends renovation of some facilities; provision of sanitary sections with well-equipped facilities and provision of bins and dumpsites for proper disposal of wastes. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: assessment, operational facilities, sanitary practices, solid and liquid wastes, Zagon Shanu abattoir.","PeriodicalId":17608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84390250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Bala, U. Abdulkadir, Danlami Mohammed, M. A. Bello
Some heavy metals are classified under environmental pollutant due to their toxic effects on animals, human and plants. These metals are not biodegradable in environment and find their way into the food chain. Concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) were determined in some selected organs and tissues (kidney, liver, muscle, hide and blood) of slaughtered cattle at Sokoto and Gusau modern abattoirs using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. At Sokoto modern abattoir, the prevalence rates of Pb and Cr were 100% each, while the prevalence rate of Cd was 98.67%. At Gusau modern abattoir, the prevalence rates of Pb and Cd were 100% each, while that of Cr was 98.67%. The overall mean concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Cr in slaughtered cattle at Sokoto modern abattoir ranged from 0.18 to 0.75 mg/kg, 0.03 to 0.34 mg/kg and 0.42 to 0.48 mg/kg, respectively. At Gusau modern abattoir, the concentrations ranged from 0.15 to 1.07, 0.01 to 0.17 and 0.26 to 0.36 mg/kg for Pb, Cd, and Cr respectively. There was a significant difference (P≤ 0.05) in the concentration of Pb, Cd, and Cr between different organs and tissue collected at both Sokoto and Gusau modern abattoirs. The main aim of this research is to determine the concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) in kidney, liver, muscle, hide, and blood of slaughtered cattle at both Sokoto and Gusau modern abattoirs. Key words: Abattoir, cattle, kidney, liver, muscle, hide, blood.
{"title":"Determination of some heavy metals residues in slaughtered cattle at Sokoto and Gusau modern abattoirs, Nigeria","authors":"A. Bala, U. Abdulkadir, Danlami Mohammed, M. A. Bello","doi":"10.5897/jvmah2018.0698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jvmah2018.0698","url":null,"abstract":"Some heavy metals are classified under environmental pollutant due to their toxic effects on animals, human and plants. These metals are not biodegradable in environment and find their way into the food chain. Concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) were determined in some selected organs and tissues (kidney, liver, muscle, hide and blood) of slaughtered cattle at Sokoto and Gusau modern abattoirs using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. At Sokoto modern abattoir, the prevalence rates of Pb and Cr were 100% each, while the prevalence rate of Cd was 98.67%. At Gusau modern abattoir, the prevalence rates of Pb and Cd were 100% each, while that of Cr was 98.67%. The overall mean concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Cr in slaughtered cattle at Sokoto modern abattoir ranged from 0.18 to 0.75 mg/kg, 0.03 to 0.34 mg/kg and 0.42 to 0.48 mg/kg, respectively. At Gusau modern abattoir, the concentrations ranged from 0.15 to 1.07, 0.01 to 0.17 and 0.26 to 0.36 mg/kg for Pb, Cd, and Cr respectively. There was a significant difference (P≤ 0.05) in the concentration of Pb, Cd, and Cr between different organs and tissue collected at both Sokoto and Gusau modern abattoirs. The main aim of this research is to determine the concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) in kidney, liver, muscle, hide, and blood of slaughtered cattle at both Sokoto and Gusau modern abattoirs. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Abattoir, cattle, kidney, liver, muscle, hide, blood.","PeriodicalId":17608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73503480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious viral disease constituting a continuous threat to the poultry industry worldwide. This study evaluated the genetic characteristics of Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) obtained from backyard commercial poultry farms and live bird markets during active and passive surveillance in different regions of Plateau and Nasarawa States of Nigeria between 2009 and 2017. The partial fusion (F) gene coding sequence and cleavage site of five NDV isolates was determined. This was aligned and compared with sequences of representative NDV from the GenBank. Deduced amino acid sequence of the protein revealed that four isolates had virulent motifs (112RRQKRF117) while one had an avirulent motif (112GRQGRL117). One virulent strain was recovered from an apparently healthy duck. Phylogenetic analysis based on comparison with different classes of NDVs revealed that two isolates clustered with genotype XIVb NDVs, another two isolates clustered with genotype XVIIa while one isolate clustered with genotype II. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the velogenic isolates clustered with published class II genotype XIVb and XVIIa closely related to isolates from Benin and Niger republic. This highlights the need for ND control programmes to place more stringent measures on cross-border trade of live bird and poultry products to prevent the introduction of new strains of NDV that would be more difficult to control. Key words: Chickens, duck, live bird market, Newcastle disease virus, genotypes, Nigeria.
{"title":"Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Newcastle disease virus isolated from poultry in North Central States of Nigeria","authors":"H. Abah, I. Shittu, P. Abdu, C. Aronu","doi":"10.5897/JVMAH2019.0825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JVMAH2019.0825","url":null,"abstract":"Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious viral disease constituting a continuous threat to the poultry industry worldwide. This study evaluated the genetic characteristics of Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) obtained from backyard commercial poultry farms and live bird markets during active and passive surveillance in different regions of Plateau and Nasarawa States of Nigeria between 2009 and 2017. The partial fusion (F) gene coding sequence and cleavage site of five NDV isolates was determined. This was aligned and compared with sequences of representative NDV from the GenBank. Deduced amino acid sequence of the protein revealed that four isolates had virulent motifs (112RRQKRF117) while one had an avirulent motif (112GRQGRL117). One virulent strain was recovered from an apparently healthy duck. Phylogenetic analysis based on comparison with different classes of NDVs revealed that two isolates clustered with genotype XIVb NDVs, another two isolates clustered with genotype XVIIa while one isolate clustered with genotype II. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the velogenic isolates clustered with published class II genotype XIVb and XVIIa closely related to isolates from Benin and Niger republic. This highlights the need for ND control programmes to place more stringent measures on cross-border trade of live bird and poultry products to prevent the introduction of new strains of NDV that would be more difficult to control. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Chickens, duck, live bird market, Newcastle disease virus, genotypes, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":17608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health","volume":"3 1","pages":"20-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89256851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ectoparasites are a major concern in sheep and goat flocks, wherever sheep and goat are kept. A cross-sectional study was carried out in the districts of Kola Tembien and Tanqua Abergelle from September 2014 to June 2017 with the objectives of identifying external parasites to their species level. Randomly selected sheep and goats were clinically examined for the presence of ectoparasites or lesions and identified in National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center (NAHDIC) by using taxonomical and entomological examination. A total of 237 sheep and goats were examined randomly for the presence of external parasites. Eight species of external parasites were identified and found on both species of animals. The species of external parasites with their prevalence included Amblyomma variegatum (35.4%), Rhipicephalus parvus (22.8%), Rhipicephalus praetextatus (8.4%), Rhipicephalus pulchellus (7.6%), Ctenocephalides felis felis (5.1%), Linognathus africanus (11.8%), Rhipicephalus evertsi (2.5%), Hyalomma truncatum (6.5%). Both in sheep and goats, there was no significant difference between infestation of external parasites and the associated risk factors except for Amblyomma variegatum which was higher in Tanqua Abergelle (25.7%) than Kola Tembien (9.7%). The odd of infestation by Amblyomma variegatum in goat was 3.5 higher than in sheep. To minimize the prevalence of external parasites urgent and well-coordinated external parasites control measures should be taken. Key words: External parasites, identification, kola tembien, small ruminant, Tanqua Abergelle.
{"title":"Identification of small ruminant external parasite species in Tanqua Abergelle and Kola Tembien districts of Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia","authors":"Guash Abay","doi":"10.5897/JVMAH2019.0809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JVMAH2019.0809","url":null,"abstract":"Ectoparasites are a major concern in sheep and goat flocks, wherever sheep and goat are kept. A cross-sectional study was carried out in the districts of Kola Tembien and Tanqua Abergelle from September 2014 to June 2017 with the objectives of identifying external parasites to their species level. Randomly selected sheep and goats were clinically examined for the presence of ectoparasites or lesions and identified in National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center (NAHDIC) by using taxonomical and entomological examination. A total of 237 sheep and goats were examined randomly for the presence of external parasites. Eight species of external parasites were identified and found on both species of animals. The species of external parasites with their prevalence included Amblyomma variegatum (35.4%), Rhipicephalus parvus (22.8%), Rhipicephalus praetextatus (8.4%), Rhipicephalus pulchellus (7.6%), Ctenocephalides felis felis (5.1%), Linognathus africanus (11.8%), Rhipicephalus evertsi (2.5%), Hyalomma truncatum (6.5%). Both in sheep and goats, there was no significant difference between infestation of external parasites and the associated risk factors except for Amblyomma variegatum which was higher in Tanqua Abergelle (25.7%) than Kola Tembien (9.7%). The odd of infestation by Amblyomma variegatum in goat was 3.5 higher than in sheep. To minimize the prevalence of external parasites urgent and well-coordinated external parasites control measures should be taken. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: External parasites, identification, kola tembien, small ruminant, Tanqua Abergelle.","PeriodicalId":17608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88087048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of nutritional supplements for joint problems has received much attention in recent years. At this sight, Ovopet®, an innovative ingredient from eggshell membrane that ensures the supply of nutrients necessary for the repair of joints together with anti-inflammatory compounds of natural origin, appears as a natural alternative supplementation for the treatment of joint problems in horses. Thus the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of oral supplementation with Ovopet® (eggshell membrane) in trotting horses with mild joint disease during the competing period to assess changes in some locomotor and physiological markers. Twenty French trotters positively identified as irregular or slightly lame were recruited and randomly assigned to either placebo or treatment group. The evaluations were done at days 0 and day 60 after the beginning of the treatment. The lameness, measured by the Equinosis® Q with Lameness Locator® was improved at low and medium speed in the horses intaking Ovopet® while it was kept stable or worsened in the placebo group. The improvement in lameness could be related to a decline in pain in the treated group. Similarly, the minimum, mean and maximum heart rate were lower at day 60 compared to day 0 in Ovopet® group. The heart rate variability whereas, was higher in Ovopet® compared to placebo. Lower heart rate variability is associated with increased pain. At the sight of the present results, Ovopet® appears as an alternative treatment to decline inflammation, pain and to improve the lameness of competing horses. Key words: Eggshell membrane, inflammation, lameness, ovopet®, trotter.
{"title":"Ovopet a new and effective treatment to decrease inflammation, pain and lameness in competing trotters","authors":"E. Gil-Quintana, Andrea Molero, A. Aguirre","doi":"10.5897/jvmah2019.0811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jvmah2019.0811","url":null,"abstract":"The use of nutritional supplements for joint problems has received much attention in recent years. At this sight, Ovopet®, an innovative ingredient from eggshell membrane that ensures the supply of nutrients necessary for the repair of joints together with anti-inflammatory compounds of natural origin, appears as a natural alternative supplementation for the treatment of joint problems in horses. Thus the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of oral supplementation with Ovopet® (eggshell membrane) in trotting horses with mild joint disease during the competing period to assess changes in some locomotor and physiological markers. Twenty French trotters positively identified as irregular or slightly lame were recruited and randomly assigned to either placebo or treatment group. The evaluations were done at days 0 and day 60 after the beginning of the treatment. The lameness, measured by the Equinosis® Q with Lameness Locator® was improved at low and medium speed in the horses intaking Ovopet® while it was kept stable or worsened in the placebo group. The improvement in lameness could be related to a decline in pain in the treated group. Similarly, the minimum, mean and maximum heart rate were lower at day 60 compared to day 0 in Ovopet® group. The heart rate variability whereas, was higher in Ovopet® compared to placebo. Lower heart rate variability is associated with increased pain. At the sight of the present results, Ovopet® appears as an alternative treatment to decline inflammation, pain and to improve the lameness of competing horses. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Eggshell membrane, inflammation, lameness, ovopet®, trotter.","PeriodicalId":17608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74115921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel Fisseha, T. S. Tessema, Biruk Tesfaye Birhanu
The investigation was led from February-November 2014 longitudinally to recognize aerobic bacterial isolates, estimate incidence rate, identify the associated risk factors and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of heifer and cow mastitis in and around Debre-Libanos district. An aggregate of 31 Jersey and Holstein-Fresian cross heifers that were left for less than a month to calve were sampled and pursued for the initial two lactation stages after calving. Clinical heifer mastitis was distinguished by physical examination of the udder and milk while sub-clinical one was recognized by California mastitis test. The incidence rate of heifer mastitis per gland month at risk was observed to be 37.4%. The event of new contamination in heifers and cows was not altogether influenced by gland position and udder cleanliness (P>0.05), yet by the management system, lactation stage and dry cow therapy (P<0.01). From 231 isolates, Staphylococcus aureus (25.1%) was the most prevalent pathogen pursued by coagulase negative Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species (each 14.7%). Other bacterial isolates included Micrococcus species (10.38%), Klebsiela pneumoniea (9.95%), Esherishia coli (12.98%), Corynebacterium species (5.62%), Enterobacter aerogens (4.32%) and Bacillus species (4.32%). Antimicrobial sensitivity test demonstrated that tetracycline (71.7%) was observed to be increasingly successful antibiotic among the whole tried antibiotics against all bacterial isolates while the least effective antibiotic was observed to be penicillin G (24.2%). The present investigation has demonstrated that heifer and cow mastitis specifically; sub-clinical mastitis is a critical sickness affecting heifers' milk production. Key words: heifer mastitis, incidence rate, risk factors, Ethiopia, antimicrobial sensitivity test
{"title":"Aerobic bacterial isolates, incidence rate and associated risk factors of heifer and cow mastitis in and around Debre-Libanos district, Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"Daniel Fisseha, T. S. Tessema, Biruk Tesfaye Birhanu","doi":"10.5897/jvmah2018.0740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jvmah2018.0740","url":null,"abstract":"The investigation was led from February-November 2014 longitudinally to recognize aerobic bacterial isolates, estimate incidence rate, identify the associated risk factors and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of heifer and cow mastitis in and around Debre-Libanos district. An aggregate of 31 Jersey and Holstein-Fresian cross heifers that were left for less than a month to calve were sampled and pursued for the initial two lactation stages after calving. Clinical heifer mastitis was distinguished by physical examination of the udder and milk while sub-clinical one was recognized by California mastitis test. The incidence rate of heifer mastitis per gland month at risk was observed to be 37.4%. The event of new contamination in heifers and cows was not altogether influenced by gland position and udder cleanliness (P>0.05), yet by the management system, lactation stage and dry cow therapy (P<0.01). From 231 isolates, Staphylococcus aureus (25.1%) was the most prevalent pathogen pursued by coagulase negative Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species (each 14.7%). Other bacterial isolates included Micrococcus species (10.38%), Klebsiela pneumoniea (9.95%), Esherishia coli (12.98%), Corynebacterium species (5.62%), Enterobacter aerogens (4.32%) and Bacillus species (4.32%). Antimicrobial sensitivity test demonstrated that tetracycline (71.7%) was observed to be increasingly successful antibiotic among the whole tried antibiotics against all bacterial isolates while the least effective antibiotic was observed to be penicillin G (24.2%). The present investigation has demonstrated that heifer and cow mastitis specifically; sub-clinical mastitis is a critical sickness affecting heifers' milk production. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: heifer mastitis, incidence rate, risk factors, Ethiopia, antimicrobial sensitivity test","PeriodicalId":17608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health","volume":"61 1","pages":"7-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90883943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shaaeldin Sara Abdelrahman, Makawi Sharaf Eldin Abdalla, Tingari Muddathir Darderi, Eltayeb A Ali
This study was designed to monitor the development of the hormonal profiles of the Nubian bucks at puberty. Thirty two (32) Nubain male kids between 1 day and 24 weeks having body weights of 2.3 to 13.5 kg were utilized in this study. All kids were injected with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Blood samples were collected from the jugular veins of the animals immediately before hCG injection and 1 h after the injection. Plasma was separated from the samples and stored at 20°C until it was assayed for determination of hormonal levels. After hCG injection, the plasma level of testosterone was significantly higher (p< 0.01) than the level of the hormone before hCG treatment. Significant increase was also observed in luteinizing hormone (LH) values after hCG injection (P≤ 0.01). Plasma follicles stimulating hormone (FSH) had one peak in week 8 in samples taken before hCG injection. This was followed after two weeks by the first elevation of LH. Plasma prolactin (PRL) concentration showed a gradual increase with age, reaching the peak in week 18. Based on the first appearance of spermatozoa in the lumina of the seminiferous tubules, penile separation and attainment of maximal levels of testosterone, LH, FSH and PRL, pubertal age was reached between 18 to 20 weeks. Key words: Nubian bucks, hormonal profiles, puberty.
{"title":"Development of hormonal profiles of Nubian bucks at puberty in Sudan","authors":"Shaaeldin Sara Abdelrahman, Makawi Sharaf Eldin Abdalla, Tingari Muddathir Darderi, Eltayeb A Ali","doi":"10.5897/jvmah2018.0728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jvmah2018.0728","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to monitor the development of the hormonal profiles of the Nubian bucks at puberty. Thirty two (32) Nubain male kids between 1 day and 24 weeks having body weights of 2.3 to 13.5 kg were utilized in this study. All kids were injected with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Blood samples were collected from the jugular veins of the animals immediately before hCG injection and 1 h after the injection. Plasma was separated from the samples and stored at 20°C until it was assayed for determination of hormonal levels. After hCG injection, the plasma level of testosterone was significantly higher (p< 0.01) than the level of the hormone before hCG treatment. Significant increase was also observed in luteinizing hormone (LH) values after hCG injection (P≤ 0.01). Plasma follicles stimulating hormone (FSH) had one peak in week 8 in samples taken before hCG injection. This was followed after two weeks by the first elevation of LH. Plasma prolactin (PRL) concentration showed a gradual increase with age, reaching the peak in week 18. Based on the first appearance of spermatozoa in the lumina of the seminiferous tubules, penile separation and attainment of maximal levels of testosterone, LH, FSH and PRL, pubertal age was reached between 18 to 20 weeks. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Nubian bucks, hormonal profiles, puberty.","PeriodicalId":17608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87047038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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